TCH PHN NG LOI 2

NI DUNG
1.nh ngha tp ng loi 2
2.Tnh cht tp ng loi 2
3.Cch tnh tp ng loi 2
4.nh l Green
5.Tch phn khng ph thuc ng i.

NH NGHA
Trong mp Oxy, cho cung AB v 2 hm s P(x,y),

Q(x,y) xc nh trn AB.

Phn hoch AB bi cc im {A0, A2, .., An}, vi

A0 = A, An = B. Gi s Ak = (xk, yk), k = 0,,n.

Gi xk = xk+1 xk , yk = yk+1 yk, k = 0,, n-1.

Trn cung AkAk+1, ly im Mk, xt tng tp

B An

Mk

y k
A A0

Ak 1

Ak
x k

n 1

Sn P (Mk )xk Q(Mk )y k

k 0

n 1

Sn P (Mk )xk Q(Mk )y k

k 0

AB

P ( x , y )dx Q( x , y )dy lim Sn

n

l tp ng loi 2 ca P, Q trn AB

Quy c:

Pdx Qdy

ch tch phn trn chu tuyn (ng cong kn) C

TNH CHT TP NG LOI 2

1.Tp ng loi 2 ph thuc vo chiu
ng i
B

i chiu
ng i th tp
i du.

Pdx Qdy Pdx Qdy

2.Nu C = C1 C2

Pdx Qdy

C1

Pdx Qdy

C2

Pdx Qdy

CCH TNH TP NG LOI 2

Khi tham s ha ng cong, lu v
chiu ng i.

TH1: (C) vit dng tham s x = x(t), y = y(t),

t1 :im u, t2: im cui

P ( x , y )dx Q( x , y )dy

C
t2

(t ) Q ( x (t ), y (t )) y (t ) dt
P
(
x
(
t
),
y
(
t
))
x

t1

TH2: (C) vit dng y = y(x),

x = a : im u, x = b : im cui

P ( x , y )dx Q( x , y )dy
b

( x ) dx
P
(
x
,
y
(
x
))

Q
(
x
,
y
(
x
))
y

TH3: (C) vit dng x = x(y),

y = c : im u, y = d : im cui
d

P ( x , y )dx Q( x , y )dy P ( x ( y ), y ) x ( y ) Q ( x ( y ), y ) dy
C

Nhc li
Khi tham s ha cho cung trn, elippse,

ngc chiu kim ng h l tham s

tng dn, cng chiu kim ng h l

tham s gim dn.

Cch tnh Tp ng loi 2 trong khng gian

I P ( x , y , z)dx Q( x , y , z)dy R ( x , y , z)dz

C

Cch tnh: (C) x = x(t), y = y(t), z = z(t),

t1 :im u, t2: im cui

C
t2

Pdx Qdy Rdz

P ( x (t ), y (t ), z(t )) x (t ) Q(, , ) y (t ) R (, , )z(t ) dt

t1

V D

1/ Tnh: I x dx xydy
2

C l on ni t A(0,0) n B(1,1) theo cc

ng cong sau y:

a.on thng AB
b.Parabol: x = y2

c.ng trn: x2+y2 = 2y, ly ngc

chiu KH

I x dx xydy A(0, 0), B(1, 1)

2

a/ on thng AB: y = x, x : 0 1
1

I x 2 x.x.y ( x ) dx

2
( x x )dx
3
2

b/ Parabol: x = y2 , y : 0 1
1

2 2
2

I ( y ) .2y y .y dy (2y 5 y 3 )dy 7

12
0

c/ x2+y2 = 2y x2+(y 1)2 = 1,

ly ngc chiu KH

x = cost, y = 1+sint,
A(0,0) t

B(1,1) t = 0
0

[cos t ( sin t ) cos t (1 sin t )cos t ]dt

2

2/ Tnh:

I 2ydx xdy
C

vi C l cung ellipse x2 + 3y2 = 3 i t (0, 1)

n giao im u tin ca ellipse vi
ng thng y = x, ly theo chiu KH.

x 3cos t , y sin t

( x , y ) (0,1) t / 2
3

Ti giao im vi t y = x:

3cos t sin t t

x 3cos t , y sin t

I 2ydx xdy
C

2sin t ( 3sin t ) 3cos t .cos t dt

3/ Tnh: I 2ydx zdy 3ydz

C

vi C l gt ca mt cu x2 + y2 + z2 = 6z v
mp z = 3 - x ly ngc chiu KH nhn t

pha dng trc Oz

2x2

y2

=9

3
x
cos t ,
2
y 3sin t ,
3
z 3
cos t
2
t : 0 2

I 2ydx zdy 3ydz

C

3
3
x
cos t , y 3sin t , z 3
cos t
2
2
2y (t ) x(t ) z(t ) y (t ) 3y (t )z(t )
3
3
6sin t ( sin t ) (3 cos t )(3cos t )
2
2
3
9sin t sin t 9cos t
2

CNG THC GREEN

nh ngha: Nu chu tuyn C(ng cong kn)
l bin ca min D R2, chiu dng ca C l
chiu m i trn , min D nm v bn tri.
C1
C

C2

D
D

nh ngha: Min n lin l min m mi

chu tuyn trong min ny c th co v 1
im trong min( khng cha l thng).

nh l
D l min ng v b chn trong R2, C l bin
nh hng dng ca D. Gi s P, Q v cc
o hm ring lin tc trn D. Khi

Pdx Qdy

Q P
x y dxdy

(Cng thc Green)

Lu : C c th gm nhiu chu tuyn gii
hn min D.

V D
1/ Tnh: I x ydx xy dy trong C l trn
2

x2 + y2 = 1, ly ngc chiu KH.

Gi D l hnh trn x2 + y2 1,

khi C l bin nh hng

dng ca D.

p dng cng thc Green:

I x ydx xy dy
2

D:

( y x )dxdy
2

x 2 y 2 1
2

Q P
x y dxdy

d r dr
2

0 0

2/ Tnh: I ( x 2y )dx (3x y )dy

C

C = {(x, y)/ |x| + |y| = 1} , ly theo chiu KH.

Gi D l hnh vung |x|+|y| 1.

Khi C l bin nh hng m
ca D.
p dng cng thc Green :

I ( x 2y )dx (3x y )dy

C

Q P
x y dxdy

I ( x 2 y )dx (3x y )dy

C

Q P
x y dxdy

(3 2)dxdy 5S (D) 10

3/ Tnh:

x
I ( x y cos xy )dx ( xy 2 x x cos xy )dy
3
C
C l na di t x2 + y2 = 2x, ngc chiu KH
2

Nu tham s ha tnh I kh
C1

C khng kn nn khng th
p dng ct Green.

-1

Gi C1 l on thng y = 0, x: 2 0
D l na di hnh trn x2 + y2 2x

C1

Khi C C1 l bin nh

hng dng ca D.

p dng ct Green:

-1

C C

x
2
( x y cos xy )dx ( xy x x cos xy )dy
3
2

Q P
x y dxdy

D
0

2cos

(r 1)rdr
2

( x y 1)dxdy
2


C C

Pdx Qdy Pdx Qdy Pdx Qdy

I Pdx Qdy

P x 2 y cos xy

x3
2
Q xy x x cos xy

Pdx Qdy

8
I x dx
4
4 3
2

C1 : y = 0, x: 2 0

4/ Cho P

y
x
,Q 2
,

2
2
2 kim tra:Py Qx
x y
x y

Tnh : I Pdx Qdy

trong cc TH sau:

a)C l tr x2 + y2 = R2, R > 0 ty .

b)C l tr (x 3)2 + (y 1)2 = 2.

c)C ={(x,y)/ max {|x|, |y|} =1}

d)C l ng cong bao quanh gc ta ni
t im (1, 0) n (, 0).
Cc ng cong u ly ngc chiu KH.

y
x
P 2
,
Q

,
x y2
x2 y 2

x y 2x
y x

Qx

P
y
2
2 2
2
2 2
(x y )
(x y )
2

a)C l tr x2 + y2 = R2, R > 0 ty .

V P, Q v cc o hm ring

khng xc nh ti (0, 0) nn
khng th p dng cng thc
Green trn hnh trn x2 + y2 R2 .

Tham s ha C:

x R cos t , y R sin t

t : 0 2

y
x
P 2
,Q 2
,
2
2
x y
x y

I Pdx Qdy
C
2

R sin t (R sin t ) R cos t (R cos t )

dt
2
R

Nhn xt: trn ng trn C, do x2 + y2 = R2,

thay vo tp ta c

ydx xdy
I Pdx Qdy
R2
C
C
y
x
Lc ny : P 2 ,Q 2 , xc nh ti (0, 0).
R
R

p dng ct Green c

ydx xdy
I

2
R

x 2 y 2 R

1 1 dxdy 2
2
2
R R
2

b)C l tr (x 3)2 + (y 1)2 = 4.

p dng ct Green trn
hnh trn bin C

1
3

I Pdx Qdy
C

( x 3)2 ( y 1)2 4

Qx Py dxdy

y
x
c)C ={(x,y)/ max { |x|, |y|} = 1} P 2 2 ,Q 2 2 ,
x y
x y

Khng th p dng ct Green

trn min hnh vung (P, Q
khng xc nh ti (0,0).
Dng 1 ng trn C nh bao gc O
(hoc 1 trn ln bao c ng cong C).
p dng ct Green trn hnh vnh khn (HVK)
gii hn bi C v C( hnh vnh khn s

khng cha (0,0)).

2
2
2

C : x y R ly cng chiu KH
I
Pdx Qdy

C C

Py dxdy
Q

HVK

Pdx Qdy Pdx Qdy 2 (theo cu a)

C

Nhn xt: khi tnh tp trong cu c) theo cch

ny, khng s dng tham s ha ca c (C),

Nu C l ng cong ty bao gc O?

d)C l ng cong bao quanh gc O ni t

(1,0) n (,0)
Ni vo C bi C vi
1

C: y = 0, x : 1

Khi C C l ng cong kn bao gc O,

p dng kt qu cu c).

TCH PHN KHNG PH THUC NG I

D l min m n lin. P, Q v cc o hm ring

lin tc trn D. Cc iu sau tng ng:

P Q
1/

y x
B

2 / Pdx Qdy khng ph thuc ng ni A, B

A

3 / Pdx Qdy vi mi chu tuyn trong D

C

4/ Tn ti hm U(x, y) tha: dU Pdx Qdy

(Biu thc di du tp l vp ton phn ca U)

p dng
1. Thng thng ta s kim tra iu kin 1
hoc 4 (nu hm U c th on nhanh).

2. Nu 1 hoc 4 tha, c 2 cch tnh tp t A

n B
C1: i ng ly tp thng thng i theo
cc on thng // vi cc trc ta
B

Lu min D

p dng
C2: vi hm U trong k 4
B

Pdx Qdy U (B ) U ( A)

Cch tm U:

C1: Tm U t h :Ux = P, Uy = Q
C2: chn (x0, y0) ty trong D
x

U (x, y )

x0

hay

P (t , y 0 )dt Q ( x , t )dt

U (x, y )

x0

y0

P (t , y )dt Q ( x0 , t )dt
y0

V D

1/ Tnh : I ydx xdy

C

C: on thng ni 2 im (1, -1), (2,1).

Py = Qx trn R2 nn tp khng ph thuc
ng i.
(2, 1)
(2,1)

I
1

1
-1

(1, 1)

ydx xdy

(2, 1)

ydx xdy

1dx 2dy 3

Cch khc: nhn thy hm U(x, y) = xy

tha
dU = ydx + xdy trn R2 nn
I = U(2, 1) U(1, -1) = 2 + 1 = 3

(0,2)

2/ Tnh : I

(2, 1)

( x 2 y )dx ydy
( x y )2

Theo ng khng ct ng thng x + y = 0

Py = Qx, (x,y): x + y 0

ydy
( x 4)dx
I
2
2
(2 y )
( x 2)
1

ln 2 2

-1

x + y =0

Hoc(tnh U): chn (x0, y0) = (1, 0)

x

(t 0)dt
tdt
U (x, y )

2
2
(t 0)
(x t )

x
ln | x y |
1
xy

3/ Tm cc hng s a, b sao cho tp

B

(axy 3y )dx [(b 2) x y (a b) x ]dy

2

khng ph thuc ng i. Sau , vi a,

b va tm c, tnh tp vi A(-1, 2), B(0,3).
Py Qx

1
5
a ,b
2
2

1 2 2
U ( x , y ) x y 3xy
4

Pdx Qdy U (B ) U ( A) 5

4/ Tm hm s h(y) tha h(1) = 1 sao cho tp

B

(2 xy 3)h( y )dy y 2h( y )dx

khng ph thuc ng i. Sau , vi h

va tm c, tnh tp vi A(-1,1), B(1,1)
theo ng trn x2 + y2 = 2y, ly cng

chiu KH.

I (2 xy 3)h( y )dy y 2h( y )dx

1
Py Qx h( y ) 4
y

dx 2 x 3
I
2 3 4 dy theo na trn ng
( 1,1) y
y
y

(1,1)

trn

i ng ly tp: chn ng thng ni A, B.

1

dx
I 2 2
1 1