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Jawaharlal Nehru
IS 11639-2 (1995): Structural Design of Penstocks Criteria, Part 2: Buried/Embedded Penstocks in Rock [WRD
14: Water Conductor Systems]
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( Reaffirmed 2000 )
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Indian Standard
STRUCTURALDESTGNOFPENSTOCKSCRITERIA
PART
BURIED/EMBEDDED
UDC
PENSTOCKS
IN ROCK
627.844
@ BIS 1995
BUREAU
MANAK
July 1995
OF
BHAVAN,
INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 BAHADUR
SHAH
NEW DELHI
110002
ZAFAR
MARC3
Price Group 4
Water Conductor
RVD 14
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( Part 2 ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Water Conductor Systems Sectional Committee -had been approved by the River
Valley Division Council.
Penstocks carry water from surge tanks or directly from a reservoir to the power house. Such
penstocks may be laid on the surface or buried/embedded
in rock or concrete.
Part 1 of this
standard covers the criteria for structural details of surface penstocks and this part covers the
criteria for structural design of buried/embedded
penstocks in rock or concrete.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular
requirement
of this standard is complied
with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be
rounded off in accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ).
The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that
of the specified value in this standard.
Indian Standard
STRUCTURALDESIGNOFPENSTOCKSCRITERIA
PART
BURIED/EMBEDDED
1.1 This
standard
( Part 2 ) lays down
the
general requirements
and design of circular
penstocks, buried/embedded
in rock or concrete,
for conveyance of water from a reservoir, pond
or surge tank to a hydraulic turbine in hydropower plants.
1.2 This standard does not cover the design of
specials like manifolds, wye-pieces, transitions,
anchor blocks, etc.
2 REFERENCES
The Indian Standards listed in Annex A are
necessary adjuncts to this standard.
DESIGN
IN ROCK
4.1.3 Nothing
1 SCOPE
3 HYDRAULIC
PENSTOCKS
AND ALLOWABLE
reference
STRESSES
4.1 Material
4.1.1 Steel to be used for the fabrication
of
penstocks
of a hydro-electric
project should
meet the following requirements:
a) It should stand agai~nst maximum internal
pressure including dynamic pressure,
b) It should stand against frequent
changes,
dynamic
without
Cl In the emergency
while
d)
1 425
-__
1 + (d/loot)
where
a =
d =
diameter
of penstock
t =2 thickness
of penstock
in m/s,
in m, and
shell in m.
Stresses
Caused
by
against
Radial
The stresses
6.1.1 Hoop
Participation
Stress
in Penstock
Without
Rock
fst _+
where
_&t = hoop tensile stress in steel liner in
N/m%,
P = internal pressure in N/m2,
R = internal radius of penstock in m, and
t = thickness of liner shell in m.
Ps = PO +
6.1.2 Hoop
Concrete
Stress
in Penstock
in
P,=P[
1 +
KI
-&R
E,t
T&5i
where
P,
p
R
C
=
=
-_
=
= (P
- Ps) x
;z
P=
Ps
PO =
YO =
. . . . . . (ii)
:g
z2;
+_
.! ,......
(vii)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (viii)
d
. .. . .. (iii)
fct
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (ix)
where
C2 + R2
cRRB-
ll t_ $
fr+-_ ( p - Ps ) R
. . . (i)
(vi)
PO )
fst _+
( ;I-+,:
( P -
1..................
Unfissured
d2 - C2
Cd
. . . (iv)
R
c
d
=
=
=
Es
a dimensionless parameter,
hoop tensile stress in liner in N/mz,
total internal pressure in N/mz,
pressure shared by steel lining in
Wm2,
pressure required to close the gap YO
between liner and concrete/rock,
initial gap between the liner and the
concrete caused due to shrinkage and
creep of concrete and temperature
effect in m,
internal radius of penstock in m,
outside radius of concrete lining in m,
radius to the end of radial fissure in
rock in m (where the in-situ compressive stresses in rock are just
exceeded by the tensile stresses caused
by internal pressure ),
thickness of steel liner in m,
modulus af elasticity
for steel in
Nlm2,
where
K =-E =
External
Pressure
for
fy
1/1-y + /A=
yield
stress of steel in N/ma,
fY
EB = modulus of elasticity of steel in N/m?
ICE = Poissons ratio ofsteel,
R =Z radius of penstock in m,
Y,, = initial gap between liner and concrete
in m,
=
allowable
stress in steel in N/ms,
h
P,, -= critical
external
pressure in N/m?
and
1 = thickness of steel liner in m.
+
-p%
yy=
6.2.1 Critical
2R
t
Unsti@ened
Critical
external
pressure
for unstiffened
penstock liner shell may be computed using the
following formulae:
A) Vaughans formula
6.2.2
where
K=
E zz
E, =
R =
Fy =
of pipe diameter
to plate
ratio
thickness,
ES
1-1*2s
modulus of elasticity
of steel in
N/m2,
Poissons ratio of steel,
critical external pressure at buckling
in N/ms,
initial gap between
steel lining and
concrete in m,
radius of steel liner in m, and
yield point stress in steel in N/m?
Timoshenko
equation:
B) Amstutzs formula
The critical stresses in the liner are given by
solution of the following two equations:
where
and
1
P,,.K
2.b
E=
---!?!_
l-G%
z = thickness of liner plate in m.
R = radius of pcnstock in m.
L = spacing of stiffener rings in m.
= modulus
of elasticity
for steel in
kN/ma.
ps == Poissons ratio of steel.
6.2.3.2 Critical external pressure may also be
determined
directly from Fig. 1 based on the
formula given in 6.2.3.1.
7 THICKNESS
a>minimum
handling thickness,
thickness
required
for internal pressure or
b)
external pressure ( t ) plus 1.5 mm corrosion allowance. If the inside surface of
the penstock is painted with some anticorrosive paint like epoxy paint, corrosion
allowance may be neglected.
w-here
Kl
K4 =
I&PC, + K, = 0
R4
E, t,
12 Csy2ts
4A2 V2 R
= radius of penstock in m,
- total area of the composite section in
me,
A, = sectional area of the stiffener ring
in my,
t Z.ZZ
equivalent thickness in m,
adjoining
5 mm.
= t++I
= associated
b + 1.56,
z
v
OF LINING
in steel
should
plate thicknesses in
not be more than
width in m,
R. t
ferrules
K = 2R/t
= L/I
E'= E,/ll-Ii,
Es= Young's Hodulus = 200,345,000 kN/d
cc= Polssm's Ratio = 0.25
t = Thlckness of Ltner Plate
R = Radius
L = 5paclng
Penstock
of
Stlffner
Rings
n = Number
of
Full
Chosen
to
Make Pcrc.Mlnlmum
PC,=
Crltlcal
= Yield
of
Waves
External
Stress
of
on Buckling
Pressure
Steel
kN/w?
kN/m2
IY
250
\
iw
It
9
6
.25 .3
.4
.5
.E
.7.6
7
.I5
.l
9 I
1.5
22.35
71910
15
L/R
PIG.
DIAGRAMFORCRITICALEXTERNALPRESSURE
6
20
25 56
31ut71
ANNEX A
( Clause 2 )
LIST OF REFERRED
IS No.
2002 : 1992
2041 : 1982
2825 : 1969
IS No.
Title
for
pressure
Steel
plates
intermediate
and
vessels for
high temperature service including boilers ( second revision )
Steel plate for pressure vessels
moderate
and low
used at
temperature (first revision )
Code for unfired pressure vessels
4880 ( Part 4 )
1971
INDIAN STANDARDS
W$
Title
( Part 1 ) : Criteria
8500 : 1992
Structural
steel - Microalloyed
( medium
and
high
strength
qualities )
( first
revision )
11625 :1986
12967 (Part
1990
design
Copyright
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may be reproduced
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of all its publications.
This does not preclude
the free use,
in any form without the prior permission
in writing of BIS.
in the course of implementing
the standard., of necessary details,
such as symbols and sizes, type
Enquiries
relatrng
to copyright
be
addressed
to the Director
or grade
designations.
( Publications
), BIS.
Revision of Indian Standards
.
Amendments
are~issued to standards
as the need arises on the basis of comments.
Standards
dare also reviewed periodically;
a standard along with amendments
is reaffirmed
w~hen such review
indicates that no changes are needed; if the review indicates
that changes are needed,
it is taken
up for revision.
Users of Indian Standards
should
ascertain
that they are in possession of the
latest amendments
or editon by referring
to the latest issue of lBIS Handbook
and *Standards
Monthly
Addrtion.
This Indian Standard
from Dot
A mendmerts
Amend
BUREAU
14 ( 17 ).
OF INDIAN
STANDARDS
9 Bahadur
RVD
Date of Issue
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