UMTS Dimension Ing Workshop PDF

UMTS Dimensioning Workshop

By Dr. Hatem MOKHTARI
Brussels, June 2001
Cirta Consulting 2001
1. Introduction
This workshop aims at providing UMTS Network dimensioning practical guidelines. The
self-test proposed herein helps understanding the required RF and System Parameters in view
of an accurate linkbudget and cell count computation along with capacity planning issues. The
following steps will be treated :
a. UMTS Link Budget
b. Demand Modelling
c. Capacity Calculation
d. Mixed Service Aspects
2. Reminder
2.1. Maximum Allowed Path Loss
2.1.1 Uplink
MAPL(UL) = EIRP(MS) S(BS) LOSSES(BS) + AntennaGain(BS) + Margin(UL)
2.1.2 Downlink
MAPL(DL) = EIRP(BS) S(MS) LOSSES(MS) + AntennaGain(MS) + Margin(DL)
2.1.3. The Engineering Margin (Noise Rise)

The loading factor correction is given by the following analytic equation:
LoadingFactorCorrection = - 10log(1-CellLoad)
2.2. Sensitivity
Factory Values :
Thermal Noise Density
Receiver NF (Pedestrian)
Base Station
-174 dBm/Hz
3 dB
Mobile Station
-174 dBm/Hz
8 dB
Base Station :
S(BS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(BS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(BS)
Mobile Station :
S(MS) = ThermalNoiseDensity + ReceiverNF(MS) + 10log(Bit Rate) + (Eb/No)(MS)
(Eb/No)(BS)
(Eb/No)(MS)
LCD384
1.3
1.1
UDD64
1.5
1.2
Given the above data, fill in the grey-shaded blanks in the following tables. Since the BS
Output Power is unknown you need to balance the link budget to find it.
FOR LCD384
Coverage Service : Deep
Indoor
Morphology : Urban
Mobility : Pedestrian
Downlink
Station(TX)
Units Value
Power
W
dBm
dBm
dB
Bearer Service : LCD384

Cell Load : 50%
Uplink
Station(RX)
Value
Units
17.9
3
dBi
dBi
dBm
0.13
W
dBm
dBi
dB
EIRP
dBm
Mobile (RX)
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
dBi
dB
dBm
2
0
Mobile (TX)
Power
Antenna Gain
Losses
dB
EIRP
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
-9.7
0
-21
-2
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin
Body Losses
Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection
MAPL
dBm
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
dB
Non Orthogonality
dB
Margin
Interference Margin dB
Shadowing Margin
dB
Body Losses
dB
Penetration Margin
dB
PC Inperfection
dB
MAPL
dB
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
-2
-3
FOR UDD64

Indoor
Morphology : Urban
Downlink
Station(TX)
Units Value
Power
W
dBm
dBm
dB
Bearer Service : UDD64

Cell Load : 50%
Uplink
Station(RX)
Value
Units
17.9
3
dBi
dBi
dBm
EIRP
dBm
Mobile (RX)
0.13
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
dBi
dB
dBm
2
0
W
dBm
dBi
dB
dBm
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
dB
Non Orthogonality
dB
Margin
Shadowing Margin
dB
Body Losses
dB
Penetration Margin
dB
PC Inperfection
dB
MAPL
dB
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
Mobile (TX)
Power
Antenna Gain
Losses
EIRP
dB
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
-9.7
0
-21
-2
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin
Body Losses
Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection
MAPL
-2
-3
2.2. Radius Calculation

The following Propagation Model is assumed to be suitable for dense urban area:
Lp = K1 + K2 log(R) with K1 = 139.8, K2 = 34.78
Calculate the UMTS Cell radius for both LCD384 and UDD64. The cell load is assumed
to be 50% !
How many Tri-Sector Cells are necessary to fulfil the following coverage service :
LCD384 Deep Indoor for a 50 km2 urban service area
UDD64 Deep Indoor for a 50 km2 urban service area
2.3. The Base Station Power
The Base Station Power is 20W. 20% of this power is used by the pilot channel.
How many subscribers using LCD384 can simultaneously be serviced. We assume that
they are all in a deep indoor environment and located at the cell border.The loading is
50%.
Do the same calculation for the UDD64 case

2.4. NLOAD and Cell Load
UL = 1 10
IUL
10
M1
M2
M3
+
+
+ ...
M 1,max M 2,max M 3,max
Where the Uplink Pole capacity is given by :
i, max
W
G
s
Ri
10
Where
Io
= 2.5
Ic
E
N
o i
CAF 1 + 10
10
10
Io
I
c
dB
Gs = 1.0 for omnidirectional cells and 2.55 for tri-sectorial cells

CAF : The Channel Activity Factor (typically 80% for TCH)
How Many users could handle the base station. The required cell load is 50%. We
assume the following cases :
i)
ii)
LCD384 and UDD64 number of users are the same

Only UDD64 users are involved
Compare the two results i) and ii) for UDD64 Capacity
ANSWERS
FOR LCD384
First compute the Base Station Sensitivity :
S(BS) = -174 + 3 + 10log(384000) + 1.3 = -113.8 dBm
Second compute the Mobile Station EIRP :
EIRP(MS) = Pout(MS) + AntGain5MS)
EIRP(MS) = 21 + 2 = 23 dBm
Finally Compute the MAPL(UL) :
MAPL(UL) = 23 +113.8 3 + 17.9 + 5 3 - 9.7 21 2 = 121 dB
This should be the same for the Downlink to get the link balanced : MAPL(DL) = 121 dB
The MS Sensitivity is the computed :
S(MS) = -174 + 8 +10log(384000) + 1.1 = -109 dBm
The BTS EIRP is thus deduced from :
Or
EIRP(BS) = MAPL(DL) + S(MS) + LOSSES(MS) - AntennaGain(MS) - Margin(DL)
Margin(DL) = +5 SHO Gain
- 3 Load Factor @ 50%
-9.7 Shadowing Margin
- 0 Body Losses
- 21 Penetration Margin
- 2 Power Control Imperfection
= -30.7 dB
EIRP(BS) = 121 109 + 0 + 30.7 = 42.7 dBm
Thus the BTS Output Power is Given by :
Pout(BS) = EIRP(BS) AntGain(BS) + Cable Losses
Pout(BS) = 42.7 17.9 + 3 = 27.8 dBm = 0.6 W
Important Note : 0.6 W is per link !
If 50 users have to be serviced simultaneously the power should be 50X0.6 = 30 Watts !
SUMMARY FOR LCD384 CASE STUDY
FOR LCD384
Indoor
Morphology : Urban
Downlink
Station(TX)
Units Value
0.6
Power
W
dBm 17.8
dBm 17.9
dB
3
EIRP
dBm
Mobile (RX)
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
dBi
dB
dBm
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
dB
Non Orthogonality
dB
Margin
Shadowing Margin
dB
Body Losses
dB
Penetration Margin
dB
PC Inperfection
dB
MAPL
dB
Bearer Service : LCD384

Cell Load : 50%
Uplink
Station(RX)
Value
Units
17.9
3
-113.8
dBi
dBi
dBm
0.13
21
2
0
W
dBm
dBi
dB
23
dBm
5
-2
dB
EIRP
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
-3
-9.7
0
-21
-2
121
-3
-9.7
0
-21
-2
121
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin
Body Losses
Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection
MAPL
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
42.7
2
0
-109
Mobile (TX)
Power
Antenna Gain
Losses
ANSWERS
FOR UDD64
First compute the Base Station Sensitivity :
S(BS) = -174 + 3 + 10log(64000) + 1.5 = -121.4 dBm
Second compute the Mobile Station EIRP :
EIRP(MS) = Pout(MS) + AntGain(MS)
EIRP(MS) = 21 + 2 = 23 dBm
Finally Compute the MAPL(UL) :
MAPL(UL) = 23 +121.4 3 + 17.9 + 0 3 - 9.7 0 - 21 2 = 123.6 dB
This should be the same for the Downlink to get the link balanced : MAPL(DL) = 123.6 dB
The MS Sensitivity is the computed :
S(MS) = -174 + 8 +10log(64000) + 1.2 = -116.8 dBm
The BTS EIRP is thus deduced from :
Or
EIRP(BS) = MAPL(DL) + S(MS) + LOSSES(MS) - AntennaGain(MS) - Margin(DL)
Margin(DL) = 0 SHO Gain
- 3 Load Factor @ 50%
-9.7 Shadowing Margin
- 0 Body Losses
- 21 Penetration Margin
- 2 Power Control Imperfection
= -35.7 dB
EIRP(BS) = 123.6 116.8 0 + 35.7 = 42.5 dBm
Thus the BTS Output Power is Given by :
Pout(BS) = EIRP(BS) AntGain(BS) + Cable Losses
Pout(BS) = 42.5 17.9 + 3 = 27.6 dBm = 0.575 W
Important Note : 0.575 W is per link !
If 50 users have to be serviced simultaneously the power should be 50X0.575 = 28.75
Watts !
SUMMARY FOR UDD64 CASE STUDY

FOR UDD64
Indoor
Morphology : Urban
Downlink
Station(TX)
Units Value
0.575
Power
W
dBm 27.6
dBm 17.9
3
dB
EIRP
dBm
Mobile (RX)
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
dBi
dB
dBm
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
dB
Non Orthogonality
dB
Margin
Shadowing Margin
dB
Body Losses
dB
Penetration Margin
dB
PC Inperfection
dB
MAPL
dB
Bearer Service : UDD64

Cell Load : 50%
Uplink
Station(RX)
Value
Units
17.9
3
-121.4
dBi
dBi
dBm
Antenna Gain
Losses
Sensitivity
42.5
2
0
-116.8
0.13
21
2
0
W
dBm
dBi
dB
23
dBm
Mobile (TX)
Power
Antenna Gain
Losses
EIRP
0
-2
dB
Margins
Soft/Hard HO Gain
-3
-9.7
0
-21
-2
123.6
-3
-9.7
0
-21
-2
123.6
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
dB
Interference Margin
Shadowing Margin
Body Losses
Penetration Margin
PC Inperfection
MAPL
ANSWERS
NUMBER OF REQUIRED CELLS
Lp = K1 + K2 log(R) with K1 = 139.8, K2 = 34.78

9
3.r 2
8
To find the cell radius, one may use the path loss equation and the MAPL:
The cell surface can easily be computed as : s =
i)
For LCD384 :
121 = 139.8 + 34.78log(r) which yields r = 0.288 km

the unit-surface for a cell is thus s = 0.161 km2
The Number of tri-sector cells is thus : N(LCD384) = 50/0.161 = 309 Cells
ii)
For UDD64
123.6 = 139.8 + 34.78log(r) which yields r = 0.342 km

the unit-surface for a cell is thus s = 0.228 km2
The Number of tri-sector cells is thus : N(UDD64) = 50/0.228 = 219 Cells
ANSWERS
10
BASE STATION POWER

If 20% of this power is used by the pilot channel for signal purposes, the remaining power is
for Traffic (Voice and Data):
20% of 20 W represents 4W for signalling, the remaining 16 Watts are distributed amongst
the maximum number of users. Therefore, the number of users would be :
i)
For LCD384 :
16/0.6 = 26 Users using LCD384 Data Service
ii)
For UDD64 :
16/0.575 = 27 Users using UDD64 Data Service
ANSWERS
11
UPLINK MIXED-TRAFFIC CAPACITY CALCULATION

First we need to know the pole capacities for each service separately :
Applying the above mentioned pole capacity formula we find :
M1,max = M(LCD384)max = 6.4 Users
M2,max = M(UDD64)max = 27 Users
If we make the assumption the combined loading would not exceed 50% then the following
equation applies :
0 .5 =
i)
M1 M 2
+
and
6.4 27
If we assume that both services should have the same user number :
M1 = M2 = M leads to M = 2.58 Users for both LCD384 and UDD64 users

ii)
If only UDD64 is to be considered then :
0.5 = M/27 which leads to a number of UDD64 Users of 13.5
12

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UMTS Dimensioning Workshop