Grammatical Summary of English and Spanish Grammar

RESUMEN GRAMATICAL DE LA
LENGUA INGLESA Y ESPAOLA
TO BE
LENGUA INGLESA
Pedro Civera Coloma 2004
Puede contraer con sujetos, demostrativos y

tambin con: who, where, how , etc.
Im Peter. Peters Thats

here. Manoli.
Whos
that girl?
PRESENTE, PASADO Y FUTURO

PASADO
AM
WAS
IS
ARE
WERE
Significa ser o estar

estar.
Es un verbo auxiliar.
Hace la negaci
negaci n a adiendo not
not
Hace la interrogaci
interrogacin por inversi
inversi n.
Puede contraer con sujetos, demostrativos y

tambi
tambi
n con: who, where, how , etc.
PRESENTE
TO BE
PRESENTE
FUTURO
WILL BE
Pedro Civera Coloma Elda 2004.
PASADO
FUTURO
I am/I'm.
Yo soy o yo estoy.
I was.
Yo era o yo estaba.
I will/ shall be.

Yo ser o yo estar.
You are/you're.
You were.
You will be.
He is/he's.
He was.
He will be.
She is/she's
She was.
She will be.
It is/it's.
It was.
It will be.
We are/we're.
We were.
We will/ shall be.
You are/you're.
You were.
You will be.
They are/they're.
They were.
They will be.
CONTRACCIONES
Are not arent. Was
wasnt
Is not isnt.
Were
werent
not ll.
Will not wont .
not Shall
shant.
not
USOS
USOS
Formar
los
continuos.
tiempos I am writing with a

computer.
Para preguntar la edad.
How old are you?

I am forty.
Indicar la profesin.
I am a teacher.
I was swimming
yesterday.
La ideologa.
He is a socialist.
I will be walking on
the beach.
El credo religioso.
He is a catholic.
La formacin de la voz The book was written

pasiva.
by Emilio.
USOS
Para medidas.
USOS
I am six feet tall.
Indica tallas.
I am size 8.
How big is the town?
Con adjetivos.
It is quite big.
Where (Dnde?)
What (Qu?)
Who (Quin?)
Why, (Por qu?)
Con ciertas expresiones.
I am happy and you are

right.
Wheres the boy?
I am six feet tall.
Whens your birthday?

I am right.
Contrae con demostrativos Thats right.

y adverbios.
TO HAVE
Se traduce por tener.
Puede ir acompaado de la partcula got.
No se produce alteraci n del significado si
aparece o no, pero cuando aparece el verbo puede
ir contraido.
Tampoco se usa en las respuestas breves.
PRESENTE PASADO
FUTURO
I have/l've.
To tengo.
I had.
Yo tuve o yo ten a.
I will have.
Yo tendr.
You have/you've.
You had .
You will have.
He has/he's.
He had .
He will have.
She has/she's.
She had.
She will have.
It has/it's.
It had.
It will have.
We have/we've.
We had.
We will have.
You have/you've.
You had .
You will have.
They have/they've.
They had.
They will have.
Have + not contrae

en havent.
Has + not contrae
en hasnt.
Had + not contrae

en hadnt.
USOS
Indicar posesin.
USOS
I have a white car.
I have got a white car.

Puede indicar otro tipo de I have breakfast at
actividades.
7:45.
Ingestin de alimentos
tanto
slidos
como
lquidos.
Otros.
I have a bath and my
wife has a shower.
Construccin
perfectos.
de
tiempos I have been in New

York.
Obligacin.
Combinado
con better You had better buy a
indica consejo.
new pair of shoes.
La contraccin es Youd
better.
La construccin causativo Im going to have my
have , se utiliza cuando hair cut.
alguien hace algn servicio
para nosotros.
CONTRACCIONES
PRESENTE, PASADO Y FUTURO

PRESENTE
HAVE
PASADO
HAD
I have to go to Alicante
tomorrow.
FUTURO
WILL HAVE
PRESENTE
Have not
Havent
HAS
I have
I had
I will have
He has
He had
She will have
TO DO
Significa hacer.
Es un verbo auxiliar.
Hace la negacin aadiendo not
Interviene en la formacin de las formas
interrogativas y negativas del presente y
pasado simple
PASADO
Had not
Hadnt
FUTURO
Wil have not
Wont have
Has not
Hasnt
PRESENTE PASADO
FUTURO
I do.
Yo hago.
I did.
Yo hice.
I will do.
Yo har.
You do.
You did .
You will do.
He does.
He did.
He will do.
She does.
She did.
She will do.
It does.
It did.
It will do.
We do.
We did.
We will do.
You do.
You did .
You will do.
They do.
They did.
They will do.
Do not contrae en
Did not contrae en
dont.
didnt.
Does not contrae en
doesnt.
Will not do contrae

en wont do.
PRESENTE
PASADO
He doesnt eat meat. I didnt go to the

I dont want to go to cinema.
the cinema.
Negativas.
USOS
Otros usos idiomticos.
I do the washing up
every night.
Interrogativas. Do you love her?
Did you go to
Does
he
speak England?
Valenciano?
Habla valenciano?
Uso enftico.
He
does
running.
Con la expresin Yo
tambin.
-I like Mara Callas.

-So do I.
Con la expresin
tampoco.
I never do the cleaning.

Sometimes I do the
cooking.
love He did say what

he wanted to say.
USOS
I did the shopping in

Carrefour.
LOS PRONOMBRES Y
ADJETIVOS
Es necesario usarlos para evitar ambigedad.
Go to London, no sabramos quin va, podra
ser yo, t, nosotros,etc.
Yo I dont smoke.
En castellano no pasa lo mismo.
Neither do I.
Vamos a Alicante, las desinencias verbales

nos sacan de dudas. Est claro que somos
nosotros.
Imp. COPY
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
SUJETO
PRONOMBRES
PERSONALES
COMPLEMENTO
ADJETIVOS
POSESIVOS
PRONOMBRES
POSESIVOS
PRONOMBRES
REFLEXIVOS
I . Yo .
Me. A m, me.
My. Mi.
Mine. El mo.
Myself. Me.
You . T.
You. A ti, te.
Your. Tu.
Yours. El tuyo .
Yourself. Te.
He. l.
Him. A l, le.
His. Su de l.
His. El suyo.
(de l).
Himself. Se.
She. Ella.
Her. A ella, le.
Her. Su de
ella.
Hers. El suyo.
(de ella).
Herself. Se.
It. Ello.
It. A ello, le.
It. Su de ello. Its. El suyo.

(de ello).
Itself. Se.
We. Nosotros o Us. A nosotros, a

nosostras.
nosotras, nos.
Our. Nuestro, Ours. El

nuestra.
nuestro.
Ourselves .
Nos.
You . Vosotros
o vosotras.
You. A vosotros,
a vosotras, os.
Your.
Vuestro,
vuestra.
Yours. El
vuestro.
Yourselves .
Os.
They. Ellos o
ellas.
Them . A ellos, a
ellas, les.
Their. Su de
ellos, su de
ellas.
Theirs. El suyo . Themselves .

Se.
PRONOMBRES SUJETO Y
COMPLEMENTO
SUJETO
COMPLEMENTO
Ella es alta.
Dale esto a ella.
You are a teacher.
This is for you.
PRONOMBRES PERSONALES
I siempre se escribe con mayscula.
COMPLEMENTOS
No utilizan preposicin delante del objeto
indirecto, pero s, si sigue al Objeto Directo.
You se puede traducir por T, Vd, vosotros,

vosotras y Vds.You e it tienen la misma forma
como sujetos que como complementos.
She gave me a kiss.
You are young. I love you.
She gave a kiss to me.
DIFERENCIA ENTRE ADJETIVO

Y PRONOMBRE
ADJETIVO
PRONOMBRE
acompaa al nombre
lo substituye.
Mi casa es grande.
La ma tambin.
My house is big.
Mine is also big.
PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS
Each other. El uno al They love each other.
otro
One Another. A todos
One.
They gave presents

one another.
She is the prettiest
one.
PRONOMBRES REFLEXIVOS
Acciones que recaen He washes himself
sobre el mismo sujeto. every morning.
Enfatizan.
He himself can go.
Pueden ir precedidos
de by , en cuyo caso
significan yo solo,
t solo..
I went to Madrid by
myself.
ADJETIVOS Y PRONOMBRES
DEMOSTRATIVOS
SINGULAR
THlS este, esta, esto.
PLURAL
THESE estos, estas.
THAT ese, esa, eso, aquel, THOSE

esos,
aquella, aquello.
aquellos, aquellas.
esas,
I was the second one

in the race.
CONCORDANCIA
This man is my teacher of English.
That woman is my wife.
USOS
Se usan cuando
hablamos por telfono.
This is Peter.
En ciertas expresiones.
Thats right.
En presentaciones
This is Mary, my friend
These books are interesting.

Those girls are from Italy .
HABER IMPERSONAL.
THERE IS
AFIRMATIVA
INTERROGATIVA
There is a car.
Is there a car?
There was a
boy.
Was
boy?
there
NEGATIVA
There is not a
car.
a There was not

a boy.
HABER IMPERSONAL.
THERE IS
PRESENTE
PASADO
FUTURO
There is.
There was. There

will be.
There are.
There
were.
CONDICIONAL
There would
be.
There's.
EJEMPLOS
There is someone waiting for you.
There are four biscuits on the plate.
Is there anything I can do for you?
SOME, ANY Y NO
Some.
Afirmativas. Se traduce por
algo, algn, algo de.
interrogativas y se espera
respuesta afirmativa.
Any.
Interrogativas y negativas.
Se traduce por nada,
ningn, algn.
No. Afirmativa pero el
sentido es negativo.
I have some magazines

from the library.
Do you want some
chocolates?
Have you any good
book to lend me?
I havent any money.
I have no money.
COMPUESTOS
EJEMPLOS
Something.
Algo.
Anything.
Algo, nada.
Nothing.
N ada.
Everything.
Todo .
Somebody .
Alguien .
Anybody.
Alguien ,
nadie.
Nobody.
N adie.
Everybody .
Todos.
Somewhere .
Algn lugar.
Anywhere.
Alguna parte,
ninguna
parte.
Anyone.
Alguien ,
nadie.
Nowhere.
Ninguna
parte.
Everywhere .
Todas partes.
N o one.
N adie.
Everyone.
C ada uno.
Someone.
Alguien .
I have some magazines from the library.

Do you want some chocolates?
Have you any good book to lend me?
I havent any money.
I have no money.
OTROS INDEFINIDOS
All.
Hace referencia a ms de
dos.
Both.
Se refiere a dos.
All my friends came to

my party.
Each.
Cada.
Either.
O.
Each and every day I

sleep siesta.
Either you stay here or
come with us.
Both are 14.
PRONOMBRES Y PARTICULAS
INTERROGATIVAS
Who.
Quin? Se usa
con personas.
Whom.
A quin? Se usa
compaado por
preposiciones.
Whose
De quin? Se usa
en la forma
posesiva.
OTROS INDEFINIDOS
Every.
Cada.
Every day I go running.
Neither.
Ni.
Neither of them are

happy.
Neithernor
Ni..ni.
I neither like coffee nor

tea.
None.
Ninguno de los dos.
None wanted coffee.
INTERROGATIVAS
Who came yesterday?
Whom did you speak to?

The man with whom you
spoke is Pepe.
Whose car is this Ford Fiesta?
Which.
Qu o Cul?
Which is your favourite

singer?
What
Qu? Se usa
cuando no hay
antecedentes.
What do you think of him?
INTERROGATIVAS
INTERROGATIVAS
How.
Cmo?
How is your mother?
How fast.
A qu velocidad?
How fast can you type?
How many .
Cantos?
How many books do you read a

year?
How much.
Cunto?
How much is that CD?
How often do you play

football?
How long.
Cunto tiempo ?
How long will it take to go to

Madrid by plane?
How often.
Con qu
frecuencia?
Why.
Por qu?
How far.
A qu distancia?
How far is Elche from Santa

Pola?
INTERROGATIVAS
Why was he late?
CONTABLES E INCONTABLES
When.
Cundo?
When did you go there?
Los nombres se pueden clasificar en contables e

incontables.
Where.
Dnde?
Where do you live?
Contables son aqullos que podemos contar con

la ayuda de un numeral. Tienen forma de plural y
pueden llevar el art culo a /an o the , some , few
etc.
What kind.
Qu clase?
What kind of music do you

like?
One book.
Two pencils. Three boys.
Four cars.
NOMBRES INCONTABLES
Butter.
Mantequilla.
Help.
Ayuda.
I bought a paper. Give me some paper to write.
Chocolate.
Chocolate.
Homework. Paper.
Deberes.
Papel.
Time.
Tiempo.
She has a new iron. This is made of iron.
Coffee.
Caf.
Hope.
Esperanza.
Physics.
Fsica.
Toothpaste
Pasta de
dientes.
Cream.
Crema .
Hunger.
Hambre.
Rubbish.
Basura.
Trouble.
Problema.
Dirt.
Suciedad.
Ice.
Hielo.
Sand.
Arena.
Water.
Agua.
Give me a glass. This is Bohemian glass.

I drink coffee. Give me two coffees.
News .
Noticias.
Tea.
T
NOMBRES INCONTABLES
Flour.
Harina.
Sky.
Cielo .
Food.
Comida.
Fun.
Diversin.
Mathemati
cs.
Matemticas.
Milk.
Leche.
Money.
Dinero.
Soap.
Jabn.
Wine.
Vino.
Weather.
Tiempo
atmosfrico.
Work.
Trabajo.
Silver.
Plata.
Furniture.
Mobiliario.
Music.
Msica.
Sugar.
Azcar.
Advice.
Consejo.
MUCH, MANY, FEW, LITTLE,

A LOT OF
Many.
Muchos o muchas.
I have many friends.
Few.
Pocos o pocas.
A few.
Unos pocos o unas
pocas.
So Many.
Tantos.
She has read few

books.
CONTABLES
I have a few good

friends.
We have so many
books .
INCONTABLES
So Few.
Tan pocos.
He is alone, he has
so few friends.
Much.
Mucho.
I dont drink much

coke.
Too Many.
Demasiados.
Too many cooks

spoil the broth.
He eats little fruit.
Too Few.
Demasiado pocos.
There were too few

to start the party.
Little.
Poco.
A little
Un poco.
So Little.
Tan poco.
He drinks so little
water.
INCONTABLES
Too Much.
They eat too much
Demasiado. ms de meat.
lo necesario .
Too Little.
Demasiado poco.
They have too

little money.
So Much.
Tanto.
They spend so
much money.
With a little milk

please.
A lot of.
Mucho, muchos.
Lots of.
Montones de. Mucho,
Mucha.
Plenty of.
Mucho, muchos.
Tiene el matiz de de
sobra.
We have a lot of books.

We drink a lot of water.
Lots of people came
yesterday.
There are plenty of
good books in the
library.
I dont have to hurry,
Ive got plenty of time.
PARTITIVOS
A bar of.
Una barra de.
A bottle of.
Una botella de.
A can of.
Una lata de bebida.
A cup of.
Una taza de.
PARTITIVOS
A bar of chocolate.
A bottle of wine.
A can of coke.
A cup of coffe.
A piece of.
Un trozo de, una porcin
de.
A piece of paper.
A tin of.
Una lata de.
A tin of tuna.
A packet of.
Una bolsa de.
A packet of crisps.
EL GENERO
Un gran nmero de nombres carecen de l, por

eso tenemos la misma palabra para masculino y
femenino.
Teacher.
Profesor.
Doctor.
Mdico.
Artist.
Artista.
Reader.
Lector.
Student.
Estudiante
.
Musician.
Msico.
Lawyer.
Abogado.
Driver.
Conductor.
MASCULINO Y FEMENINO
A male doctor.
Un doctor.
Actor.
Actor.
Bachelor.
Soltero.
Boy.
Chico.
A woman doctor.
Una doctora.
Actress.
Actriz.
Spinster.
Soltera.
Girl.
Chica.
Brother.
Hermano.
Sister.
Hermana.
GENERO
MASCULINOS
FEMENINOS
NEUTROS
Father.
Padre.
Mother.
Madre.
Flower.
Flor.
Brother.
Hermano.
Sister.
Hermana.
Cat.
Gato.
Boy.
Chico.
Daughter.
Hija.
Door.
Puerta.
Bull.
Toro.
Cow.
Vaca.
Cock.
Gallo.
Hen.
Gallina.
Duke.
Duque.
Duchess.
Duquesa.
Emperor.
Emperador.
Empress.
Emperatriz.
Father.
Padre.
Mother.
Madre.
10
God.
Dios.
Goddess.
Diosa.
Lord.
Seor.
Lady.
Seora.
Horse.
Caballo.
Mare.
Yegua.
Man.
Hombre.
Woman.
Mujer.
Host.
Anfitrin.
Hostess.
Anfitriona.
Nephew.
Sobrino.
Niece.
Sobrina.
Husband.
Esposo.
Wife .
Esposa.
Poet.
Poeta.
Poetess.
Poetisa.
Lion.
Len.
Lioness.
Leona.
Prince.
Prncipe.
Princess.
Princesa.
Son.
Hijo.
Steward.
Auxiliar de vuelo.
Tailor.
Sastre.
Daughter.
Hija.
Stewardess.
Azafata.
Dressmaker.
Modista.
Uncle.
To.
Waiter.
Camarero.
Widower.
Viudo.
Aunt.
Ta.
Waitress.
Camarera.
Widow.
Viuda.
EL PLURAL DE LOS NOMBRES

AADEN -ES ACABADOS EN
X, SS, CH, SH, Z, O
SINGULAR
PLURAL

REGLA GENERAL. A
A ADIR -S
SINGULAR
PLURAL
Car.
Cars.
Book.
Books.
Pen.
Pens.

AADEN -ES ACABADOS EN
X, SS, CH, SH, Z, O
Kiss.
Kisses.
Potato
Potatoes.
Pouch.
Pouches.
Brush.
Brushes.
Church
Churches
Box.
Boxes.
Bush.
Bushes
11
ACABADAS EN -o de origen
extranjero, a
aaden -s.
Kilo.
Kilos.
Kimono
Kimonos.
Piano.
Pianos.
Tomato.
Tomatoes
ACABADOS EN -y precedida
de vocal
Toy
Toys.
Boy.
Boys.
Monkey
Monkeys
ACABADOS EN -y precedida
de consonante.
CAMBIAN -f o -fe
fe,
POR - ves.
SINGULAR
Lady
Ladies
City
Cities
RESTO DE PALABRAS EN -f o
-fe AADEN -s.
Safe.
Safes.
Caja de
seguridad.
Chief.
Jefe.
Cliff.
Cliffs.
Acantilado.
Chiefs .
PLURAL
SINGULAR
Wolf.
Lobo.
Loaf.
Barra de
pan.
Wife.
Esposa.
Wolves. Thief.
Ladrn.
Loaves. Leaf.
Hoja.
Life.
Vida.
Lives.
Wives.
PLURAL
SINGULAR
Thieves. Sheaf.
Gavilla.
Leaves. Half.
Mitad.
PLURAL
Sheaves
.
Halves.
Shelf.
Shelves. Self.
Selves.
Estanter
Uno
a.
mismo.
Knife.
Knives. Calf.
Calves.
Cuchillo.
Ternero.
PLURALES IRREGULARES
Man.
Hombre.
Foot.
Pie.
Child.
Nio.
Men.
Ox.
Buey
Oxen.
Woman.
Mujer.
Feet.
Goose.
Ganso.
Children. Tooth.
Diente.
Mouse.
Ratn
Women
Geese.
Teeth.
Mice.
12
ANIMALES QUE USAN LA

MISMA FORMA PARA
SINGULAR Y PLURAL
Sheep.
Oveja.
Deer.
Ciervo.
Trout.
Trucha.
Salmon
Salmn.
Mackarel.
Caballa.
Carp.
Carpa.
Partridge
Perdz.
Plaice.
Platija.
Squid.
Calamar.
Cod.
Bacalao
Duck.
Pato.
Aircraft.
Aeronave.
PALABRAS QUE SIEMPRE VAN

EN PLURAL
People.
Gente.
Cattle.
Ganado.
Pyjamas. Glasses
Pijama.
Gafas.
Police.
Policia.
Folk.
Gente.
Thanks
Gracias
Scissors. Binoculars.
Tijeras.
Prismticos.
Trousers. Stairs.
Jeans.
Pantalones Escaleras vaqueros
Shorts.
Pantalones
cortos
PUEDEN IR EN SINGULAR Y
PLURAL
Our police is very Our team is the
efficient.
best.
The police are
looking for the
thief.
OTRAS PALABRAS QUE USAN LA

MISMA FORMA PARA SINGULAR Y
PLURAL
Spacecraft .
Nave espacial.
Hovercraft .
Aerodeslizador.
PALABRAS QUE SIEMPRE VAN

EN SINGULAR
Mathematics.
Matemticas
Gymnastics
Gimnasia .
Politics.
Poltica.
Phonetics.
Fontica.
PENNY PUEDE TENER DOS

PLURALES
I have 4 pennies.
I paid 50 pence.
Our team are

wearing the new
T-shirts.
13
PALABRAS COMPUESTAS CON man o -woman
PALABRAS COMPUESTAS
Maid of honour.
Dama de honor
Maids of honour.
Brother in law.
Cuado.
Brothers in law.
PRONUNCIACION DE LA
DESINENCIA DE PLURAL.
/z/ Windows.
/iz/ Houses.
Cuando los
nombres acaban
en consonante
sorda.. p, t, k, f
Cuando los
nombres acaban
en consonante
sonora o vocal.
b, d, g, v, m, n,
l, r, w, j
Cuando los
nombres acaban
en s, z, x, ch, ss,
...
FORMACIN DE PALABRAS
FORMACI
COMPUESTAS
Breakfast.
Preposicin +
nombre.
Overwork.
Preposicin +
verbo.
Income.
Ingresos.
Policeman
Policemen
Postman
Postmen
Adjetivo +
nombre.
Handful.
Puado.
Nombre +
nombre.
Toothpaste.
Pasta de
dientes.
Ing + nombre.
Washingmachine . Lavadora.
Pronombre +
nombre.
Shegoat.
Cabra.
FUNCIONES DEL NOMBRE
Desayuno.
Exceso
trabajo.
Menservants .
FORMACIN DE PALABRAS
FORMACI
COMPUESTAS
/s/. Cats.
Verbo +
nombre.
Manservant.
Sujeto.
Mara is a teacher.
Predicado.
Mara is a sociable
woman.
Complemento Directo.
I saw a woman there.
de
Complemento Indirecto. This present is for that

woman.
14
SUFIJOS DE NOMBRES
-er.
-er.
-ee.
-tion.
Profesiones Cosas.
Personas
Nombres
Verbos.
Baker.
Opener
Employee.
Pollution.
-ist.
-ism.
-ness.
Profesiones Ideologas. Nombre.

Violinist.
SUFIJOS DE NOMBRES
-ance.
Nombre.
Abundance
-hood.
Nombre.
Childhood
-tion.
-ity.
Nombre.
Nombre.
Education
Ability.
-ment.
Nombre.
Shipment.
Comunism. Hapiness.
SUFIJOS DE ADJETIVOS O
ADVERBIOS.
-al.
Practical
-ic.
Historic.
-ive.
Exclusive
-ful.
-less.
-ous.
Faithful.
Hopeless.
Industrious
SUFIJOS DE ADJETIVOS O
ADVERBIOS.
-ed.
Excited
-en.
-ant.
-ive.
Wooden. Irrelevant. Comprehe
nsive.
-worthy
-like.
Trustworthy. Childlike. Sensible.
PREFIJOS NEGATIVOS
PREFIJOS NEGATIVOS
DisIlDishonest. Illegal.
ImImpolite.
Ir-
Un-
Irregular.
NonNonsmoker.
Unthinkabl
e
InInvisible .
-ible.
Anti-
Pre-
Semi-
Antibiotic. Overdose
Over-
Predictabl
e.
Semiprofe
ssional.
Super-
Under
Post-
Supernatu Postpone. Undermine

ral.
15
GENITIVO SAJ
SAJN
Es una construccin especial que se utiliza para
indicar posesin. La estructura del genitivo sajn es:
Poseedor + s + cosa poseda.
Normalmente la utilizamos con personas y rara vez
con objetos.
USOS DEL GENITIVO SAJ

SAJN
Algunas expresiones. A days break.
Todays paper.
Casas y tiendas.

SAJN
Apstrofo y una s es la Peters bike.
regla general.
Acabados en s, s lo . Pits car.
Plurales
irregulares
no A mens club.
terminados en s o -es
siguen la regla general.
Ms de un sujeto.
My brother and sisters
friends.

SAJN
Tiendas, hospitales e
iglesias.
He goes to his
friends.
The cars engine.
He got married in
Sant Louis.
I went to my sisters
I was at the dentists.
She was at the

bakers.
EL ART CULO INDETERMINADO

Su traduccin es un, una. Tiene dos formas a y
an.
A se emplea con palabras que comienzan por sonido
consonntico.
A n va con las que comienzan por sonido voclico.
Las palabras que comienzan por h muda como
honest, llevan an.
Las palabras que comienzan por semiconsonantes
como university llevan a.
Los plurales regulares A girls school.

acabados en s slo
aaden el apstrofo.
ARTCULO INDETERMINADO
A
A house.
Una casa.
A car.
Un coche.
A university.
Una universidad.
A uniform.
Un uniforme.
A union.
Un sindicato .
A European.
Un europeo.
AN
An apple.
Una manzana.
An hour.
Una hora.
A n honest person.
Una persona honrada.
An honor.
Un honor.
An umbrella.
Un paraguas.
A n MP.
Un miembro del Parlamento.
16
USOS DEL ART

ARTCULO
INDETERMINADO
Con nmeros y expresiones A hundred.
de cantidad.
EL ART
ARTCULO
INDETERMINADO
Con profesiones,
religiones, e ideas
polticas.
Para indicar el precio de las It is 10 euros a kilo..

cosas.
Cuando es la primera vez The woman had a nice
que hablamos de un house near the beach.
objeto.
Cuando la referencia no I want a book but I
est clara.
dont want an English
book.
El, la los y las.

Tiene dos pronunciaciones segn vaya
precediendo a vocales o consonantes.
The girl.
The girls.
The car.
The cars.
USOS DEL ARTICULO

DETERMINADO
Pases en plural.
The Netherlands.
Cosas nicas.
The Universe.
The Sun.
The Moon.
He was a socialist and

now he is a
conservative.
Last week I had a
terrible cold.
Con enfermedades.
EL ART CULO DETERMINADO

THE
Es parte invariable de la oracin.
I am a lawyer and he is
a nurse.
He is a Catholic and I
am a Jew.
USOS
Ros.
The Nile.
Mares.
The Black Sea.
Montaas.
The Alps.
Islas.
The Canary Islands.
Desiertos.
The Sahara.
USOS DEL ARTICULO

DETERMINADO
Junto a un adjetivo hace The blind.
referencia a un
colectivo, a un tipo de
The rich.
personas.
The poor.
The British.
The Earth.
Con
musicales.
instrumentos I play the piano.
Con los superlativos.
Water is in my opinion
the best drink.
17
USOS DEL ARTICULO

DETERMINADO
Tambin con algunas
expresiones.
He was in the navy.
USOS DEL ARTICULO

DETERMINADO
Con fechas se lee pero
no se escribe.
30th November is my
birthday.
Bed, class , court ,

college, church ,
hospital, market ,
prison , university ,
town .
In hospital.
The police.
I went to the Post
Office.
I went to the cinema
last Sunday.
Junto a las
Republic ,
Kingdom .
USOS DEL ARTICULO

DETERMINADO
Con cosas nicas.
The moon isnt red.
Con
contables
en The orange is an
singular hace referencia excellent fruit.
a la totalidad.
Con los adjetivos pasa The rich also cry.
lo mismo.
The blind.
Con apellidos.
The Barrymore.
NO SE USA
Colores.
Red is my favourite
colour.
Deportes, actividades y Swimming is good for

juegos.
you.
Comidas.
Lunch, breakfast and

supper are the meals of
the day.
Expresiones.
At night.
In the hospital.
palabras The United Kingdom.

State ,
The Arab Republic .
NO SE USA
Con das de la semana.
I play tennis on
Monday.
Meses.
In July I go to San Juan

beach.
Estaciones y fiestas.
Easter is a great
holiday.
Italian is very romantic.
Idiomas.
NO SE USA
Cuando nos referimos al Wine is good for you.
sentido general de algo.
The wine from Pinoso is
the best.
Partes del cuerpo.
Wash your hair.
Canales hechos por el Suez canal.
hombre.
Con las palabras bed , He is in bed.
school,
hospital ,
prison ,
college ,
university .
18
NO SE USA
BOTH, ALL, NONE, NEITHER,

EITHER, EACH, EVERY, NO.
Con las comidas.
I have lunch at home.
Both.
Ambos.
Both Peter
confetti.
Con ver la tele .
I never watch TV.
Both.and.
Tanto como.
I like both the film and the

book.
Con personas.
Doctor Ferreira no The

doctor Ferreira.

Either....or. Either you come with me or go with
O..o.
him.
Neither....n I like neither coffee nor tea.
or. Ni.ni.
All.
All the students were happy after the
Todos. Ms exam.
de dos.
None.
Ninguno.
Ms de dos
None of my friends wanted to buy

my car.
LOS ADJETIVOS.
Modificar al sustantivo y normalmente le preceden.
A red car.
Al ser en ingls parte invariable
I have a red car. She has a red dress.
My daughter wears red shoes.They have red
skirts.
and
Sarah
like
Both of them.
Both of them are happy
Ellos dos.
Neither. Ninguno. Neither of them came to my
Ni.
party.

Most.
Most of them are from Canada.
La mayora,
la mayor
parte.
Each.
Each student must buy a dictionary.
Cada uno.
Every.
Every citizen paid the taxes.
Todos
y
cada uno
No. Nada. I have no money now.
USOS
Detrs de los verbos
copulativos: be , look,
sound, taste , appear ,
seem , get , feel, stay ,
fall, etc.
Algunos siempre llevan
preposicin.
She is nice.
I am interested in
politics.
Los participios pueden He is tired.

hacer las veces de
adjetivos.
He is tyring.
19
LA COMPARACI
COMPARACI
N CON
ADJETIVOS
EL ADJETIVO
Los que van delante
A beautiful song .
se llaman atributivos.
Los que van detrs se She is alive.
llaman predicativos
IGUALDAD
As... As.
Tan como.
En los puntos
adjetivo.
So.....as.
No tan como.
LA COMPARACI
COMPARACIN CON
ADJETIVOS
I am as tall as you are.

va
el
He is not so intelligent
as his brother Mike.
LA COMPARACIN
POSITIVO
COMPARATIVO
SUPERLATIVO
Los monosi
monosiabos y bis labos a aden - er en el
comparativo.
Tall.
Taller.
The tallest.
Los monos
monos labos acabados en una consonante
precedida de una nica vocal, duplican la
consonante. Como en fat . Fatter .
Big.
Bigger .
The biggest.
Si acaban en -y se sustituye por i .
Happy.
Happier.
The happiest
LA COMPARACIN
POSITIVO
COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO
Comfortable
More
comfortable .
The most
comfortable .
More
interesting.
The most
interesting.
Interesting.
EL COMPARATIVO
- Er .
I am taller now.
More .than .
It is more interesting
than the film.
Comparativo + and +
comparativo.
I am getting fatter and

fatter.
The + comparativo, the + The richer, the sillier.

comparativo.
20
COMPARATIVO DE
INFERIORIDAD
EL SUPERLATIVO
The .....est
Con adjetivos de una o dos
silabas.
The richest people in

Elda.
Se utiliza i n para lugares y

periodos de tiempo.
The + most + adjetivo
The most beautiful girl
Con los de dos o ms
in town.
silabas.
Less + adj + than .
She is less intelligent

than Rose.
The least + adjetivo

indican inferioridad.
The least important of

all his novels.
POSITIVO
Busy.
LOS IRREGULARES
Good.
Bueno.
Better.
Mejor.
The best.
El mejor
Bad .
M alo.
Little.
Poco.
Worse.
Peor.
Less.
Menos.
The worst.
El peor.
The least.
El menos.
LAS PREPOSICIONES. AT
Puntos
concretos.
COMPARATIVO
Less busy.
SUPERLATIVO
The
least
busy.
LOS IRREGULARES
Much / Many .
Mucho.
More.
Ms.
The most.
El ms.
Far.
Lejos.
Farther.
Ms lejos.
The farthest.
Lo ms lejano.
Old.
Viejo.
Elder.
Ms viejo.
The eldest.
El ms viejo.
We stopped at the zoo.
Cafs
y We'll eat at MacDonald's, in
restaurantes San Juan Beach.
Sitios donde I was at school and then at
se estudia o university later on I worked
trabaja.
at IBM.
Nombres de He was at a meeting, then

actividades at the theatre and later at a
de grupo
concert and at a lecture,
afterwards at a match and
finally at the cinema.
21
Con el nmero I lived at 35 Prncipe de Asturias.
de la calle
Horas
I wake up at six.
Navidad
Pascua
y At Christmas I buy many presents

and at Easter I go to the beach.
Expresiones
EXPRESIONES CON AT
At night.
Por la
noche.
At sunrise. At noon.
Al amanecer Al mediodia
At sunset.
Al atardecer
At first
sight.
A primera
vista.
At
midnight.
Al mediodia
At last.
Al fn.
At this
moment.
En este
momento.
At present Im reading a novel.

He died at the age of 81.
EXPRESIONES CON AT
At the
At the
At the top. At work.
bus-stop.
office.
En la parte En el
En la parada En la oficina. de arriba.
trabajo.
del autobs.
At the
station.
En la
estacin.
At least.
Al menos.
At the
bottom.
En la parte
de abajo.
LAS PREPOSICIONES. ON
Con pisos.
I live on the second floor.
Das.
I study French on Monday.
Tocando o
cercano a una
lnea,
Benidorm is on the coast.

Elche is on the road to Murcia.
Tocando una
superficie.
The keys are on the table.
Transportes
pblicos,
caballos, motos
y bicicletas.
I saw her on the plane/on the

train/on the bus.
Expresiones.
The train arrived on time.

He is on a business trip.
The soldier is on duty.
On St. Valentines many people

buy diamonds.
Pginas.
We have a house on the river.
On page 26 you will find the

exercises.
22
LAS PREPOSICIONES. IN
Cuando
algo My friends are in the cuartelillo .
est dentro de The bottles are in the fridge.
algo.
Con pases.
I live in Spain.
Con regiones.
They are in the Sahara.
Con grandes
islas.
We spent the summer in the

Canary islands.
Partes del
cuerpo.
I have a pain in my
stomach.
Con coche,
taxi y
avioneta.
Con algunos
lugares.
Nombres de
calles.
I saw him in a new Mercedes.
In bed.
Partes del da
I read the paper in the morning.
Meses.
I got married in October.
Aos.
I met my wife in 1982.
Estaciones.
I go to San Juan beach in

summer.
In hospital.
I lived in Onesimo Redondo

street.
Siglos.
In he l9th century people did not

wear jeans.
EXPRESIONES CON IN
in a hurry.
In any case
in danger
in love
in order.
In other
words
In private
Perodos
tiempo.
de Spain was very rich in the Middle

Ages.
23
LA COMPARACION DE LOS
ADVERBIOS
ADVERBIOS
Modificando adverbios.
Modificando adjetivos.
Modificando frases.
He writes quite
quickly.
It is very cheap.
POSITIVO
COMPARATIVO SUPERLATIVO
Soon.
Sooner.
Perhaps they will

win.
Quickly.
More quickly. The

most
quickly.
CLASIFICACI
CLASIFICACI
N
OJO CON ENOUGH
FRECUEN LUGA MODO

CIA
R
Often.
Away. Fast.
GRADO
Frequently. There. Well.
Very.
Daily.
Sometim
es.
Always.
Almost
Last week.
Hardly
Tomorrow.
Near.
Slowly.
Here.
Never.
The soonest.
TIEMPO
CON ADJETIVOS
CON NOMBRES
He is rich enough
He has enough money
Enough. Yesterday.
Recuerda
Rich enough money
Rather
ADVERBIOS INTERROGTIVOS
Where.
When.
How.
Why.
Which. How long.
How far.
How
often
YET, STILL, ALREADY, DURING

Y AGO
Yet.
Al final en
interrogativas y
negativas.
I haven't finished
the job yet.
Con el pretrito
perfecto, an,
todava.
Have you seen her

yet?
24
STILL
Still.
Detrs de to be.
Todava. Va entre
sujeto y verbo en
afirmativas
e
interrogativas
Va
detrs
sujeto
negativas.
nfasis
My sister is still
working .
I still love her.
Do they still live in
Sax?
del
en He still hasnt paid.
Da
ALREADY
Already .
Va detrs de to be.
This car is already

too old.
Already .
En posicin final
enfatiza.
Already .
Se coloca entre el
auxiliar y el verbo en
afirmativas
He has the tickets

already.
DURING Y AGO
During.
During the summer
Indica un perodo de I go to Santa Pola.
tiempo dentro de otro.
Ago.
I went to Elche two
Se coloca al final de la days ago.
oracin.
I have already
bought the grapes.
Have you already
bought the books?
EL IMPERATIVO
AFIRMATIVA
NEGATIVA
Infinitivo sin to .
Do not + Inf sin to .
Go home.
Dont
much.
Come here.
drink
too
FORMA ENFTICA
Do go home.
EL PRESENTE SIMPLE
EL PRESENTE SIMPLE
AFIRMATIVA
La tercera persona del singular, ( he , she , e it )

aaden -s o -es.
Los verbos que terminan en -ss, -sh, -ch, -x,
-o aaden -es en la tercera persona del
singular
I play tennis.
H e, she, it aaden (s) He

kisses
o (es)
mother.
Equivale al presente de indicativo.

Se forma con el sujeto ms el infinitivo.
Sujeto + Inf sin to
NEGATIVA
his
Sujeto + do + not + I dont like cocido.

Inf sin to.
H e, She, I t usan
does.
Do + not contrae en
dont.
Does + n o t contra en
doesnt.
INTERROGATIVA Do + S + Inf sin to.
He doesnt love
her.
We dont smoke.
He doesnt cook.
Do you love me?
25
USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE

Indicar hbitos o
costumbres.
I never go to the
university by car.
Para
indicar The sun rises
verdades
everyday.
universales.
Para planes futuros. The play begins at 8
and ends at 10.30.
USOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE

Always.
Never.
Occasionally Often.
Frequently. On
Sometimes.
Sundays
Usually.
Every
day.
EL PRESENTE CONTINUO
Sujeto + Am,
Is, Are +
Verbo + Ing.
Negativa.
Sujeto + Am,
Is, Are + Not
+ Verbo +
Ing.
Interrogativa Am, Is, Are +
.
Sujeto + Verbo
+ Ing.
I
reading.
am
I
am
not
cooking.
Are
you
listening to
me?
Para contar historias,

cuentos, chistes,
acontecimientos
deportivos, etc.
En el llamado
presente histrico.
A waiter
couple.
asks
Horarios.
The plane leaves at

7.00.
Con refranes.
Time flies.
Colombus discovers
America in 1492.
BE GOING TO
Cuando
se
tiene I am going to visit my
intencin de hacer algo. friend.
Para predecir algo.
Its going to rain.
Con
un
futuro She is going to get
relativamente inmediato. married next Sunday.
Seldom. In winter.
Afirmativa.
UOS DEL PRESENTE SIMPLE
USOS DEL PRESENTE

CONTINUO
Acciones en proceso.
I am paying my flat.
I am reading a good
book.
Acciones planificadas.
I'm playing golf

with my friend
Eduardo next
Sunday.
Quejas sobre acciones They are always

que se repiten.
complaining
26
FORMA ING
ACABADOS EN E
Have.
Having.
Come.
Coming.
Live.
Living.
Practise.
Practising.
FORMA ING
ACABADOS EN
-ie
FORMA ING
ACABADOS EN
Trying.
Study.
Studying.
Play.
Playing.
Buy.
Buying.
EL PASADO SIMPLE. Regulares

Afirmativa.
Negativa.
Sujeto + Inf sin

to + Ed
Los acabados en
-e solo
-d.
Sujeto + Did not ,
+ Inf sin to
Did + Not contrae
en dint .
Interrogativa Did + Sujeto +

.
Inf sin to .
I
played
chess.
I loved her.
I didnt
out.
Dying.
Lie.
Lying.
VERBOS QUE NO SE SUELEN USAR

EN LOS TIEMPOS CONTINUOS.
Y
Try.
Die.
go
Believe.
Feel.
Appear.
Consider.
Smell.
Belong to.
Depend.
Love.
Have.
Doubt.
Fear.
Like.
Guess.
See.
Forget.
Hope.
Taste.
Owe.
LOS VERBOS IRREGULARES

Afirmativa.
S+ 2 columna de I ate the cake.

la lista de verbos I bought a new
irregulares.
house.
Negativa.
S+ Did + Not + I didnt eat the

Inf .
cake.
Interrogativa. Did + S + Inf.
Did you eat the

cake?
Did you buy

the new CD?
27
EL PASADO CONTINUO
Afirmativa.
Sujeto + Was,
Were + Ing.
Negativa.
Sujeto + Was,
Were + Not +
Ing.
Interrogativa Was, W ere +
.
Sujeto + I n g.
I was
reading
Time.
I was not
sleeping
Were they
playing
chess?
EL PRESENTE PERFECTO
USOS DEL PASADO CONTINUO

Para hablar acerca de I was reading when
lo
que
estaba she came.
sucediendo.
Cuando dos acciones
estaban ocurriendo al
mismo tiempo.
I was reading a
novel while she was
watching TV.
En descripciones.
I was riding a car

and then...
Afir.
Sujeto + Have , Has I have

+ Participio Pasado. played
tennis.
Neg.
Sujeto + Have , Has I have not

not + Participio
played
Pasado.
chess.
Inter.
Have , Has + Sujeto Have you

+ Participio Pasado. played golf?
Este tiempo hace referencia a acciones ya

acabadas
Como todos los tiempos perfectos, se forma
con el verbo to have y el Participio Pasado.
USOS DEL PRESENTE

PERFECTO
Acciones que ocurrieron
en el pasado
I have eaten paella.

I have visited Paris.
Acciones que se han He has visited Madrid

repetido en el pasado.
many times.
USOS DEL PRESENTE

PERFECTO
Con just , indica que la I have just seen my
accin ha ocurrido
wife.
recientemente.
Con ever . (alguna vez) Have you ever been
to Rome?
Con always.
Con already .
I have always liked

the country.
We have already
finished.
28
FOR Y SINCE
FOR Y SINCE
Suelen acompaar a ste tiempo para
referirse a acciones que empezaron
en el pasado y que continan hasta el
momento presente.
EL PASADO PERFECTO
Afirmativa.
Sujeto + H a d
+ Participio
Pasado.
Negativa.
Sujeto + H a d
not +
Participio
Pasado.
Interrogativa Had + Sujeto
.
+ Participio
Pasado
I had seen
her.
I had not
gone.
Sujeto + Will + Inf

sin to .
Neg.
Sujeto + Will not , +

Inf sin to .
Inter.
Will + Sujeto + Inf

sin to .
For.
Se emplea con perodos
de tiempo. Desde hace.
Since.
Nos remonta a un punto
concreto en el pasado.
Desde o desde que.
I have lived in Elda for

40 years.
She has had the same
car since 1987.
I have been wearing
glasses since October.
USOS DEL PASADO PERFECTO

Acciones que ocurrieron When I had finished
antes que otra.
all my work, I went
to the swimming
pool.
Had she
been with
you?
EL FUTURO SlMPLE
Afir.
How long. Se utiliza para How long have you

preguntar por la duracin. been wearing glasses?
I will go with
you.
Ir contigo.
I will not pay
for that.
No pagar eso.
Will you
marry me?
Te casars
conmigo?
USOS DEL FUTURO SlMPLE

En sugerencias.
Shall we go to the
cinema?
En promesas.
I will buy you the

car.
Determinaciones.
I will go with you.
nfasis.
I will never do it
again.
29
USOS DEL FUTURO SlMPLE

Predicciones.
They will win the

match.
Lgicamente, indica
acciones que ocurrirn.
I will buy a Harley

next year.
Con advertencias y
condicines.
If you dont hurry,

youll be late.
Para expresar deseo o Dont drink too much

rechazo ante algo.
or youll get drunk.
Ofrecimientos.
EL FUTURO CONTINUO
Afir.
Sujeto + Will be +
Inf sin to + Ing .
I will be
driving to
Alicante.
Neg.
Sujeto + Will not +

Inf sin to + Ing .
I will not be
eating there.
Inter.
Will + Sujeto + Be + Will you be

Inf + I n g.
studying in
Elx ?
I'll help you with your

exercises.
EL FUTURO PERFECTO
Afir.
Sujeto + Will have

+ Participio
Pasado.
I will have
eaten.
Neg
Sujeto + Will have

+ Not + Participio
Pasado.
I will not
have eaten.
Inter
Will + Sujeto + Will Will you

have + Participio
have eaten?
Pasado.
EL CONDICIONAL SIMPLE
Afir.
Sujeto + Would +
Inf sin to .
I would go
with you.
Neg.
Sujeto + Would
not + Inf sin to .
I would not
pay that.
Inter. Would + Sujeto +

Inf sin to .
Would you
marry me?
EL FUTURO PERFECTO
Afir.
Sujeto + Will have +

Participio Pasado.
I will have
eaten.
Neg.
Sujeto + Will have + Not I will not

+ Participio Pasado.
have eaten.
Inter. Will + Sujeto + Will have Will you have

+ Participio Pasado.
eaten?
EL CONDICIONAL PERFECTO
Afir.
Sujeto + Would +
Have + Participio
Pasado.
I would have
gone with
you.
Neg.
Sujeto + Would not /

won't + Have +
Participio Pasado.
I would not
have paid
that.
Inter.
Would + Sujeto +
Have + Participio
Pasado.
Would you
have
married her?
30
EL PRESENTE SIMPLE
Afir .
Sujeto + Inf.
I live in Elda.
3 p. ( H e, She, I t) aade He kisses her.
-s o -es
Neg.
Sujeto + Dont o
Doesn t + Inf
Inter. Do o Does + S + Inf?
I dont like coffee.

She doesnt smoke.
Do you love me?
Does he go to school?
Usos. Acciones habituales.
I get up at 7.45.
Verdades universales.
Snow is cold.
Horarios.
The match starts at
Acciones en el futuro
6.00.
sujetas a un horario.
The train leaves at 6.00.
Otros. Le suelen acompaar: every day , always, usually ,
often , never , generally , etc.
Afir .
Neg.
S + Have (have o
has) + Participio
pasado
S + Have + Not +
Participo pasado.
I have played tennis.

I have eaten paella.
I have not washed the
dishes.
I have not seen her.
Have you been there?
Inter.
Have o Has + S +
Participo pasado?
Usos.
Acciones acabadas de I have read the book.

las que no se dice
cuando sucedieron.
Otros. Puede llevar just, for, since, already, yet, etc.
EL PRESENTE CONTINUO
Afir .
S + Be ( am, is, are) I am reading.

+ Ing.
Neg.
S + Be + Not + Ing. She is not smoking.
Inter.
Am, Is, Are + S +

Ing?
Usos.
Acciones en proceso I am readind a book.

Planes futuros.
I am playing tennis
Acciones repetidas. tomorrow.
He is always talking.
Otros.
Le suelen acompaar: at present, nowadays,

now, at the moment, etc.
EL PASADO SIMPLE
Afir .
S + Be (Was, Were ) I was writing a

+ Ing.
letter.
Neg.
S + Was, Were +
Not + Ing
I was not writing a

letter.
Inter. Was, Were + S +

Ing?
Were you writing a

letter?
Usos. Acciones en proceso

en el pasado.
En narraciones.
Para descripciones.
I was painting the

gate.
The girls were
smiling.
S + Vb. Regular + ed
S + Vb Irr (
2Columna).
S + Did + Not
(didn t) + Inf.
Did + S + Inf?
Neg.
I played.
I ate.
I did not play.

I did not eat.
Did you play?
Did you eat?
Acciones que
I went to Barcelona.
ocurrieron en el
I was reading the paper
pasado.
and then it began to
A veces acompaa al rain.
pasado continuo
Le suelen acompaar: last year, yesterday , two
days ago etc.
Inter.
Usos.
Otros.
CONTINUO
EL PASADO CONTINUO
Afir.
Are you running?
Afir.
S + Have o Has +
Been + Ing.
I have been
learning English
for 20 years.
Neg.
S + Have o Has+ I have not been

not + Been + Ing. sleeping.
Inter. Have o Has + S + Have you been
Been + Ing?
reading?
Usos. Acciones pasadas que todava continan.
Otros. For y since le suelen acompaar.
31
EL PASADO PERFECTO
CONTINUO
EL PASADO PERFECTO
Afir.
Neg.
Inter.
S + Had +
I had gone .
Participio Pasado.
S + had + Not + I had not gone .
Participio Pasado.
Had + S +
Had she gone?
Participio Pasado?.
Usos.
Acciones que ocurrieron antes que otra

accin pasada.
Otros.
Le suelen acompaar: when, before , by

the time etc.
Afir.
S + Had + Been I had been

+ Ing.
watching TV.
Neg.
S + Had + Not + I had not been

Been + Ing.
watching TV.
Inter.
Had + S + Been
+ Ing ?.
Usos.
Acciones que estaban en proceso

antes que otra accin pasada
ocurriera.
EL FUTURO SIMPLE
Afir.
Had she been

ironing?
EL FUTURO CONTINUO
S + Will o Shall + I will go .

Inf.
Neg. S + Will + Not + I will not go.
Inf.
Inter. Will + S + Inf?
Will she come?
Afir.
S + Wil be + Ing
Neg.
S + Will + Not +
Be + Ing.
Usos. Acciones futuras.

Predicciones
Inter. Will + S + Be +
Ing?
Usos.
I will be reading
Valle de Elda.
I will not be
watching TV.
Will you be
working?
Acciones futuras en progreso.
Otros. Le suelen acompaar: tonight ,

tomorrow , next ye ar , i n a month.
EL FUTURO PERFECTO
CONTINUO
EL FUTURO PERFECTO
Afir.
Neg.
S + Will have +
Participio Pasado.
S + Will + Not +
Have + Participio
Pasado.
Inter. Will + S + Have +
Participio Pasado?
I will have arrived at

7.00.
Afir.
I will not have

finished.
Neg.
Will she have paid?
Usos. Acciones acabadas en el futuro.
S + Will have + Been

+ Ing.
S + Will + Not + Have
+ Be e n + I n g.
Inter. Will + S + Have +

Been + Ing.
I will have been

working.
I will not have
been working.
Will you have been
working?
Usos. Acciones que estarn finalizadas en el futuro.
32
EL CONDICIONAL SIMPLE
Afir. S + Would + Inf.
Neg. S + Would + Not +
Inf.
I would go to
London.
I would not go to
London.
Inter Would + S + Inf?

Would you go to
.
Lisbon?
Usos Deseos en el presente o en el futuro.
.
EL CONDICIONAL PERFECTO
Afir.
S + Would + Have + I would have gone

Participio Pasado.
to London.
Neg.
S + Would + Not +
Have + Participio
Pasado.
I would not have

gone to London.
Inte. Would + S + Have + Would you have

Participio Pasado?
gone to Paris?
Usos. Lamentos sobre acciones pasadas.
ORACIONES COPULATIVAS
And.
He is tall and intelligent.
Y.
Bothand. They both teach French and
Tanto...como. Italian.
Moreover.
Adems.
Likewise.
De igual
modo.
Besides.
Adems.
It rained a lot, moreover it

snowed.
I bought a ham; likewise did my
neighbour.
I have no money, besides I dont
want to buy anything else.
ORACIONES DISYUNTIVAS
Or.
O.
You can stay or come with us.
Eitheror.
Oo.
They are either Italian or

Greek.
Neithernor. I neither like Wagner nor the

Ni...ni.
Rolling Stones.
ORACIONES ADVERSATIVAS
But.
Pero.
I like Verdi but I prefer Puccini.
Not
onlybut
also.
No slo...sino
tambin.
Yet.
Aunque.
Not only I read Valle de Elda but I

also read Vivir en Elda.
Although.
Aunque.
Although he is rich, he hasnt

many friends.
She is pretty, yet nobody loves

her.
ORACIONES CAUSALES
Because.
Porque.
I became rich because I saved

a lot.
For.
Para.
She studies for being a lawyer.
As.
Como.
As I had studied French I

could travelled alone.
Since.
Puesto que.
Since they are adults they can

go.
Owing to.
Ya que, debido a.
The recital was cancelled

owing to lack of audience.
33
ORACIONES FINALES
In order to.
Para.
In order to be accepted you

have to pay first.
So as to.
Con el fin de.
They voted so as to elect the

new President.
In case.
En el caso de
que. Por si.
For fear.
Por miedo a.
I have an insurance in case I

need it.
He eats a lot of oranges for
fear of getting a cold.
ORACIONES COMPARATIVAS
As.
Como.
He is as intelligent as his sister.
Asas.
Tan como.
He is not as honest as his brother.
Soas.
No tan como.
He is not so tall as me.
ORACIONES CONSECUTIVAS
So.
Por eso .
He won the pools so he

bought a new house.
Therefore.
Por lo tanto.
He has many friends

therefore he is never
alone.
Which is why.
He is boring, which is why
Esa es la razn por la hes always alone.
que.
Sothat.
I bought a present so that
Para que.
you liked it.
ORACIONES DE MODO
As.
Como.
As a pianist she is the best.
Like.
Como.
He eats like a lion.
Similarly.
Petrel has nice parks, similarly
Del
mismo Elda has nice museums.
modo.
ORACIONES CONCESIVAS
Although.
Aunque.
Although I prefer to stay I have to

go now.
Though.
Aunque.
Though he is ill, he never

complains.
ORACIONES ADVERSATIVAS
However.
Sin embargo.
I liked it, however, I didnt buy it.
No matter.
No importa.
No matter if you love her, she

doent love you.
Even though. Even though he is rich he never

Incluso.
shows off.
In spite of.
A pesar de .
In spite of having lived in France

she doesnt speak French.
Even if.
Incluso s i.
Despite.
A pesar de.
Despite all the efforts he didnt

win.
Even if it rains I will go.
34
ORACIONES CONDICIONALES
If.
Si.
If you need me, phone me.
Unless.
A menos que
Unless you pay you cant come
ORACIONES DE TIEMPO
Now.
Ahora.
Now I am hungry.
Once.
Una vez.
No
sonnerthan
Apenas.
Finally.
Finalmente.
In short.
En breve.
Once I pay the house I will buy a

car.
No sooner had they gone than I
was asleep.
Finally I read the book.
Cosas.
When.
Cuando.
While.
Mientras.
Before.
Antes.
Since.
Desde.
Whenever.
Cada vez que
Until.
Hasta.
When you want to visit us, let us

know.
While I was in Italy I ate a lot of
pasta.
Before I worked in Elda, I worked
in Crevillente.
I have lived here since 1962
Whenever he comes I visit him .
Until I found it I was sad.
ORACIONES DE TIEMPO
Where.
Donde.
This is the house where we

lived until 1996.
Wherever.
Dondequiera
que.
Wherever she goes she buys

some clothes.
In short they will be here.
ORACIONES DE RELATIVO
Personas.
ORACIONES DE TIEMPO
Who.
This is the man who

came here yesterday.
Posesin.
Whose.
That.
This is the man that

came yesterday.
The boy whose bike is

this is Mike.
Lugar.
Where.
This is the school where

I studied.
Which.
This is the book which I

bought in Martn Fierro.
Tiempo.
When.
That.
The house that I sold.
This is the day when I

was born.
35
Personas.
LOS
Whom.
The girl whom I loved.
Why.
The reason why I

bought this is you.
What.
And this is what he

said.
The
that.
thing This is the thing that we

should do.
VERBOS MODALES
Los verbos modales se llaman as al carecer de las

mayora de las formas verbales.
Se usan para hacer suposiciones, sacar
conclusiones, hablar de posibilidades y establecer
conjeturas.
No tienen todos los tiempos verbales, por ejemplo,
must y ought to slo tienen presente. Can, may,
dare y need , tienen presente y pasado.
LOS
VERBOS MODALES
No tienen imperativo, infinitivo, ni participio de

presente ni de pasado.
No forman tiempos continuos ni perfectos.
LOS
Can, could.
Poder.
VERBOS MODALES
May, might. Must.
Poder.
Deber.
Would.
Dare.
Aux.del condicional. Atreverse
Need.
Necesitar
Will, shall.
Ought to.
Auxiliares de futuro Deber.
LOS
VERBOS MODALES
Tienen una nica forma para todas las personas en

presente: I can. He can.
Van seguidos de Infinitivo sin to .I can ski. He must
study.
Hacen la negacin y la interrogacin como el verbo to
be . Can you ski?
No se construyen con to do , to have y to be . Can
she go?
LOS
VERBOS MODALES
Usan otros verbos para suplir sus carencias

temporales.He was able to go. I had to go
alone.
Tampoco aparecen en formas pasivas.
Van seguidos de infinitivo sin to , a excepcin de

ought to , have to y use d to .
She can swim. He must study everyday .
I used to go to the disco.
36
CAN
CAN
Slo se usa en el presente, para el resto se utiliza to

be able to.
Expresa conocimiento y I can play the violin.

capacidad fsica e
I can read.
intelectual.
Posibilidad.
I can go with you.
Se puede traducir por poder o saber.

I can swim . I know how to swim.
Tambien para dar y Can I go with you?

recibir permiso.
l'll be able to go tonight.
Puede
indicar You cant smoke
prohibicin en la forma here.
negativa.
Will he be able to come in time?

I have been able to finish it in time.
Deduccin negativa.
CAN
Habilidad.
I can swim .
Ofrecimientos.
Can I help you?
They cant be at
home.
COULD
Indica habilidad
pasado.
en
el I could translate
Italian at the age of 9.
Solamente se usa para el She can do it alone.

presente de indicativo.
Could se usa para el

pasado y el condicional.
I could go yesterday.
I could go tomorrow.
Sugerencias.
You can come with us.
Peticiones formales.
MAY
Posibilidad.
Permiso.
Prohibiciones.
Especulaciones.
Sugerencias.
It may rain during

the weekend.
May I come in ?
You may not stay
here.
He may be in Ital
Could I go with you?
MIGHT
Expresa una
It might snow in
posibildad ms remota Benidorm but I doubt it.
que may.
Especulaciones.
He might be working in
a new book.
If I may say so I will

buy it.
37
MUST
Obligacines morales.
Consejos.
Deduccines.
Prohibiciones.
I must visit my
friend, he is ill.
You must visit the
museum, it is one of
the best in Spain.
He must be out
because nobody
answers the phone.
You must not come
here again.
HAVE TO
Obligacin normalmente
impuesta.
You have to drive with

a helmet.
Para indicar costumbres.
I have to take an
aspirin every night.
En negativa, indica que

algo no es necesario.
You don't have to stay

if you have something
to do.
SHOULD, OUGHT TO
Para dar consejos.
You should go to
the Yemo Cineplex
cinemas.
You ought to spend
more time with
them.
WILL
Auxiliar del futuro simple. I will buy a sandwich
when I finish this.
Predicciones sobre el
futuro.
Decisiones.
It will be sunny.
Ofrecimientos.
I will do it.
Peticiones.
Will you pass me the

salt?
WOULD
I will buy a new car.
SHALL
Peticiones y
ofrecimientos.
Would you like to

come with me?
Auxiliar de futuro
Hbitos y rutinas en el
pasado.
In 1998 I would walk

a lot.
Puede expresar cierta We shall never

determinacin
surrender.
I shall go.
38
USED TO
Hbitos
pasado.
en
el I used to sing in
the shower.
NEED
Verbo modal o verbo ordinario.
He needs a lot of money to get married.
You neednt come tomorrow.
Need to indica necesidad.
I need to consult a good doctor.
RESUMEN DE LOS VERBOS

MODALES
NEED
He needs to have more money to buy this

car.
Para la forma negativa e interrogativa hay dos

opciones:
Need you buy so much?
Do you need to buy so much?

MODALES
May.
Posibilidad.
Permiso.
Prohibicin
It may rain
tomorrow.
May I come in?
You may not
smoke here.
Might.
Posibilidad
remota.
It might snow.
Can.
Could.
Habilidades.
Peticin de
permiso.
Imposibilidad.
Habilidad en el
pasado.
Posibilidad.
Imposibilidad.
Sugerencias.
I can swim.
Can I come in?
He cant go now.
He could read
Russian.
They could be in
Tokyo.
I couldnt buy the
car.
You could try next
year.

MODALES
Will.
Predicciones.
Decisiones.
Would. Peticiones
formales.
Acciones pasadas.
Preferencias.
They will come.

I will buy a Harley.
Would you marry
me?
I would play tennis
when I was 10.
I would rather go to
the cinema.
Shall.
Shall I open the

window?
I shall visit her.
Peticiones
formales.
Acciones futuras.
39

MODALES
Should
Ought to.
Consejos.
You should buy her a

diamond.
Must.
Obligacin.
Prohibiciones.
I must study.
You must not go with
that boy.

MODALES

MODALES
May, might
Could,
+ Have +
Participio
Pasado.
Deducciones
donde no
tenemos
mucha
seguridad.
They may have gone.

She could have seen
her.
Need.
Necesidad.
You are going to need

a lot of help.
Neednt.
Ausencia de
necesidad.
You neednt come

tomorrow.
QUESTION TAGS (COLETILLAS)
Have to.
Obligaciones
impuestas.
You have to drive on

the right.
Preguntas que sirven para confirmar una suposicin.
Be able to.
Habilidades.
He is able to make a
cake.
Tienen dos partes, si la primera es afirmativa, la

segunda ser negativa.
Must, cant Deducciones.

have + PP.
They must have

bought a new house.
They cant have come
here this morning.
QUESTION TAGS
(COLETILLAS)
You are from Petrel, aren't you?
You arent from Petrel, are you?
Las frases con verbos auxiliares o defectivos forman

la coletilla con el mismo verbo.
Con los dems verbos se usan las partculas do, does,
en presente.
QUESTION TAGS
(COLETILLAS)
She couldn't run fast, could she?
You study every day, don't you?
She isnt from Sax, is she?
She plays golf, doesn't she?
He has a Harley, hasn't he?
You don't speak Chinese, do you?
You can swim, can't you?
She doesn't write very well, does she?

You went to Milan, didn't you?
40
QUESTION TAGS
(COLETILLAS)
En futuro se usa will y won't.
They will come tomorrow, won't they?
They won't come tomorrow, will they?
En condicional se usa would.
QUESTION TAGS
(COLETILLAS)
Recuerda que son como una pila
Positivo
Positivo--negativo
Negativo
Negativo--positivo
They would buy it if they could, wouldn't they?

She wouldn't buy it, would she?
SAY Y TELL
Tienen el mismo significado, decir y contar.
To tell va con un complemento indirecto.
To say solo necesita un complemento directo.
MAKE Y DO
Comparten el significado de hacer
No existen reglas
To make tiene el matiz de fabricar.
I told her your story

I told your story to her.
I said that I was going to move to Sax.
MAKE Y DO
MAKE Y DO
Everybody makes I always do the ironing.
mistakes.
He is always
making friends.
How do you do?
He makes a lot of I do the cooking.

noise.
Im going to
We do business with
make you my last Japan.
offer.
I make many
telephone calls.
His son is doing badly at

university.
I make the beds in

the morning.
He does well in his job.
Make me a promise. I do the dusting on

Tuesday.
She is making
My sister does the washing
coffee.
up.
She made a fortune
in Cuba.
She did her hair yesterday.
41
EXCLAMACIONES
What a.
Se usa con
sustantivos.
What a yacht.
Tambin con adjetivos What a pretty girl.

What.
What pretty girls.
Se usa con plurales e What horribe films.
incontables.
What weather.
PRIMER TIPO
SEGUNDO TIPO
Acciones probables Acciones

en presente o
improbables,
futuro.
situaciones
hipotticas.
Si llueve me mojo. Si lloviera me
mojara.
TERCER
TIPO
Acciones
imposibles.
Si hubiera
llovido me
habra
mojado.
OTRAS COMBINACIONES
If + presente
modal.
EXCLAMACIONES
+ If I finish early I can go.
should + imperativo. Should you see her give her

my regards.
Imperativo
+ Stop shouting or I will get
conjunction + clause angry.
Unless
se
suele We wont go out unless you
emplear en lugar de pay.
if not.
Con imperativo.
If you are hungry, eat
something
How.
How beautiful.
Se usa con adjetivos How fast.
y adverbios.
Oraciones
interrogativas
negativas.
Isnt he the perfect

football player?
Primer tipo: If +
presente + presente.
Tambin podemos tener:
If + presente + futuro.
If I eat chocolate, I get

fat.
If I eat chocolate, I will
get fat.
Segundo tipo: If
pasado
simple
conditional simple.
+ If I ate chocolate, I
+ would get fat.
Tercer tipo: If
pasado
perfecto
condicional perfecto.
+ If I had eaten chocolate,

+ I would have get fat.
OTRAS COMBINACIONES
Suppose.
Suppose you are rich, would

you live in a big house?
Supposing.
Supposing you find a wallet
with money, what will you
do?
As long as.
You could go as long as you
pay your part.
On the condition On the condition that you pay
that.
you can be with us.
Provided.
Provided you want it I will
give it to you.
42
LA VOZ PASIVA
Se usa para resaltar ms la accin que el sujeto.
Puede que desconozcamos al autor de la accin o
que no nos interese.
FRMULA
CD pasa a Sujeto
Se utiliza el verbo To be en el mismo tiempo
Aparece el Participio Pasado
Yo como pan. El pan es comido
En ingls se usa mucho ms que en castellano.
LA VOZ PASIVA T. SIMPLES

ACTIVA
PASIVA
I eat bread with

olive oil.
Bread with olive oil is

eaten.
I ate bread with

olive oil.
Bread with olive oil was

eaten.
I will eat bread
Bread will be eaten
I would eat braed Bread would be eaten
LA VOZ PASIVA T. PERFECTOS

ACTIVA
I have eaten
bread
ACTIVA
I am eating bread
PASIVA
Bread is being eaten
I was eating bread Bread was being eaten

I will be eating
bread
I would be eating
bread
Bread will be being eaten

Bread would be being eaten
LA VOZ PASIVA
PASIVA
Bread has been eaten
I had eaten bread Bread had been eaten

I will have eaten
bread
I would have
eaten bread
LA VOZ PASIVA T. CONTINUOS
by indica el complemento agente.

It was done by my mother.
Bread will have been eaten

Bread would have been eaten
43
LA VOZ PASIVA.
PASIVA. C INDIRECTO
Con estos verbos se puede usar el
complemento indirecto como sujeto.
I gave Mary a kiss.
Esto no ocurre en espaol.

Give.
Dar.
Lend.
Prestar.
Offer.
Ofrecer.
Pay.
Pagar.
Promise.
Prometer.
Refuse.
Negarse a.
Send.
Enviar.
Show.
Mostrar.
LA VOZ PASIVA. OTROS VERBOS

To know.
Saber.
To believe.
Creer.
To say.
Decir .
To consider.
Considerar
LA VOZ PASIVA.
PASIVA. C INDIRECTO
To think.
Pensar.
Mary was given a

kiss.
I showed my friend my My friend was
house.
shown my house.
It is said that he is going to be promoted.
EL ESTILO INDIRECTO
Para contar lo que dijo alguien.

Los verbos suelen ir en pasado.
En estilo indirecto la frase suele empezar con
un verbo.
It is said that it was stolen

It is believed thathe was murdered
EL ESTILO INDIRECTO. VERBOS

Say.
Decir
Explain.
Explicar.
Declare.
Declarar.
Tell.
Contar.
Complain.
Quejarse.
State.
Afirmar.
Ask.
Preguntar.
Warn.
Advertir.
Announce.
Anunciar.
Inquire.
Solicitar.
Point out.
Sealar.
Think.
Pensar.
Remark.
Remarcar.
Claim.
Reclamar
Protest.
Protestar
CAMBIOS
El tiempo de lo narrado da un salto hacia atrs
Las preguntas dejan de serlo.
Cambios: en expresiones temporales, en los tiempos
verbales y en los pronombres.
44
EL ESTILO INDIRECTO.
Presente Simple.
Pasado Simple.
I live in Elda.
He said he lived in Elda.
Presente Continuo.
Pasado Continuo.
I am reading a book.
He said he was reading a

book.
Presente Perfecto Simple. Pasado Perfecto Simple.
I have bought a car.
He said he had bought a

car.
Presente Perfecto
Continuo.
Pasado Perfecto Continuo.
I have been
working with him.
He said he had
working with him.
Pasado Simple.
Pasado Perfecto.
I went to London.
He said he had gone to

London.
Pasado Continuo.
I was writing a
letter.
He said he had been writing

a letter.
Pasado Perfecto.
Pasado Perfecto.
I had been there.
He said he had been there.
Pasado Perfecto
Continuo.
I had been waiting
for you.

He said he had been waiting
for him.
Can.
I can swim.
Could.
He said he could swim.
Shall.
Should.
I shall do it.
He said he should do it.
May.
Might.
It may rain today.

Must. Have To.
He said it might rain that

day.
Had To.
I must study.
He said he had to study.
been
Futuro Simple.
Condicional Simple.
I will live in
Alicante.
He said he would live in

Alicante.
Futuro Continuo.
Condicional Continuo.
I will be singing in
a karaoke.
He said he would
singing in a karaoke.
be
CAMBIOS TEMPORALES
Now.
Then.
I am happy now.
He said he was happy

then.
Today.
That day.
I am sad today.
He said he was sad that

day.
Yesterday.
The day before, The
previous day.
Yesterday I went He said he had gone to
to Madrid.
Madrid the previous
day.
45
CAMBIOS TEMPORALES
Tomorrow.
The next day.

The following day.
The day after.
I will go to Valencia He said he would go to

tomorrow.
Valencia the day after.
Next week.
The following week.
Next week I will be He said he would be in
in Milan.
Milan the following
week.
CAMBIOS TEMPORALES
Last week.
The previous week.
I cooked paella last He said he had

week.
cooked paella the
previous week.
A Week Ago.
The Week Before.
A week ago I
played tennis in
Almeria.
OTROS CAMBIOS
This.
That.
I am going to buy
this.
These.
He said he was going

to buy that.
Those.
These are my
friends.
Here.
I live here.
He said that those

were his friends.
There.
He said he lived there.
ORDENES
Go out.
He told us to go out.
Drink the mik .
He ordered me to
drink the milk.
Go out.
He invited me to go
out.
Now.
Then.
Now I want a coffee. He said that then he
wanted a coffee.
SUGERENCIAS
Lets take a taxi.
He suggested taking
a taxi.
He suggested that
we should take a
taxi.
He said he had played

tennis in Almera the
week before.
PREGUNTAS
Where's Mary?
He asked where Mary

was.
How can I go to
Elche?
He asked me how he
could go to Elche?
Why do you smoke?
He wanted to know
why I smoked.
46
PREGUNTAS
What does she do? He asked what she
did.
When did you go
He asked me when
to Petrel?
I had gone to
Petrel.
WHAT IS LIKE
Se utiliza para recabar informacin sobre el
aspecto fsico de alguien pues para saber
cmo es alguien de carcter usamos how.
What is your girlfriend like?
She is very pretty.
DESEOS Y QUEJAS
DESEOS
Would like.
Wish.
Expresa deseos, para
su traduccin se debe
usar el subjuntivo.
I wish I had lived in

America.
I wish you would be
rich.
I would like you to come

with me.
Would prefer.
I wish you were quiet.
DESEOS
Prefer.
If only.
Would rather.
I prefer tea to coffee.
I would like to go to Paris.
I would like a sandwich.

Id prefer a coffee.
I would prefer to go with
you.
EXPRESIONES DE INTERS
I prefer swimming to
running.
It's time.
I prefer to stay at home.

If only she would stop
complaining.
I had better go to have

a drink.
It's time to eat.
It's time for us to eat.
It's time we ate.
It's about time.
Its about time he came.
Used to.
He used to drink quite a

lot.
I used to wear glasses,
but now I use contact
lenses.
Id rather not go.

Id rather not go now.
Had better.
47
To be used to.
I am used to reading the

paper.
Fairly.
He speaks English fairly

well.
Enough.
I have enough money.

I am rich enough.
Quite.
He speaks English quite

well.
Too.
She is too old to climb the

mountain.
Rather.
He speaks English rather

well.
Pretty.
He speaks English pretty

well.
EL CAUSATIVO HAVE
El que realiza la accin no es el sujeto sino otra
persona.
Cortarse el pelo, hacerse un empaste.
EL CAUSATIVO HAVE
Esta estructura se puede usar en todos los tiempos.
En la interrogrativa y negativa utilizan los auxiliares,
do, does, did.
Se usan los verbos causativos have y get.
El sujeto no se hace un empaste ni se corta el

pelo, sino que contrata un servicio.
Did you have your tooth fill?
I have my hair cut every month.
Do you have your carpets cleaned every year?
I have my car repaired when it breaks down.
VERBOS CON PREPOSIC

PREPOSICN
VERBOS CON PREPOSICN
Muchos verbos ingleses van acompa ados de

preposiciones o adverbios. EJ. To look
Pueden ser: separables e inseparables.
I'm looking for a new job.
Sern separables si podemos colocar

complementos entre el verbo y la preposicin.
I am going to look up a word in the

dictionary.
I am going to put my coat on.
We are looking forward to the festivities.
los
I am going to put on my coat.
48
FINAL
Para cualquier comentario o sugerencia
Pedro Civera Coloma
direelda@centres.cult.gva.es
pcivera@elx.uned.es
49

Grammatical Summary of English and Spanish Grammar

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Grammatical Summary of English and Spanish Grammar

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

RESUMEN GRAMATICAL DE LA

LENGUA INGLESA Y ESPAOLA

Pedro Civera Coloma 2004

Puede contraer con sujetos, demostrativos y

Im Peter. Peters Thats

PRESENTE, PASADO Y FUTURO

Significa ser o estar

Puede contraer con sujetos, demostrativos y

Pedro Civera Coloma Elda 2004.

I will/ shall be.

You will be.

She will be.

We will/ shall be.

You will be.

They will be.

tiempos I am writing with a

Para preguntar la edad.

How old are you?

La formacin de la voz The book was written

I am six feet tall.

How big is the town?

I am happy and you are

I am six feet tall.

Whens your birthday?

Contrae con demostrativos Thats right.

Pedro Civera Coloma Elda 2004.

You will have.

She will have.

You will have.

They will have.

Have + not contrae

Had + not contrae

I have a white car.

I have got a white car.

tiempos I have been in New

PRESENTE, PASADO Y FUTURO

She will have

Pedro Civera Coloma Elda 2004.

You will do.

She will do.

You will do.

They will do.

Will not do contrae

He doesnt eat meat. I didnt go to the

Interrogativas. Do you love her?

-I like Mara Callas.

I never do the cleaning.

love He did say what

I did the shopping in

En castellano no pasa lo mismo.

Vamos a Alicante, las desinencias verbales

You. A ti, te.

Her. A ella, le.

It. A ello, le.

It. Su de ello. Its. El suyo.

We. Nosotros o Us. A nosotros, a

Our. Nuestro, Ours. El

Theirs. El suyo . Themselves .

Pedro Civera Coloma Elda 2004.

Dale esto a ella.

You are a teacher.

This is for you.

You se puede traducir por T, Vd, vosotros,