INTRODUCTION

Usageof mobile computing is very much increased. The end userand endeavor market
for cloud based applications which run on mobileare increased more than $10 billion. Mobile
devices play imperative to everyone.
Nowadays developers develop their applications and have intention to deploy on
mobile devices, so that consumers can accesses anything from anywhere, anytime through
mobile applications.Mobile devices are trying to perform a pervasive computing. But the
grim snag is resource limitation.
If high computation intensive jobs are executed in mobile devices simultaneously
battery consumption is also increased. Finally devices are gettingdrain very fast. Usually
mobile devices are very beingshort of execution, battery detainment, CPU hustle when we
compare with wired devices.
Cloudcomputing is a very big doorway to all computing and smooth the progress of
increasing the computing capabilitiesof resource constraint mobile devices bygiving leased
communications andservicesof cloud.Mobile computing and cloud computing are combined
and givesnew infrastructurecalled Mobile Cloud Computing.
In that framework data storage and computation are done in resourceful server (cloud)
but not inmobile device.In mobile applications,there may containmany subapplications of
different computation time.
When high intensive computations are executed in mobile devices, those devices will
easily lose their battery power and automatically the performance also getting degraded. In
order to avoid that, part of the applications which has low computation are getting executed
in mobile devices.
And another part which has more computation are offloaded (i.e.migrated)to
resourceful server which is called as cloud. This migration process is shown.
Now we have more questions to be answered. Whether offloading gives energy
saving? How to decide which sub part will execute in cloud and which is in mobile device?
Howto deploy the applications in optimized utilization?mainly focused on toconfer in detail
ongoingresearchin computational offloading and also issues which are addressed.
An increasing number of computing systems rely on a set of backend services
operated on cloudcomputers while providing their primary user interfaces on mobile devices.
Thisnew class of emerging computing systems, commonly termedMobile Cloud

Computing(MCC) systems, has gained growing popularity in many application domains such
as e-commerce, learning, healthcare, gaming, social networks, and so on.
Behindthis popularity of MCCs across various domains is the blossoming of two
technologies: the wideuse of cloud computing and the explosive growth of mobile devices.
First, cloud computing hasincreasingly become the standard way to operate Internet-based
services, preferred by the serviceproviders due to its low prices, high performance, and
flexibility. These have been the main drivingforce that increased the instances of cloud
servers built in data centers.
The number of data centersbeing built around the world is expected to continue to
increase until 2017 when it peaks at 8.6 million. The estimated total space for data centers
will reach 1.94 billion square feet in 2018.Second, more and more users access cloud services
through their mobile devices which provide a richer experience than using personal
computers.
By combining these technologies, MCCs offer many advantages and enable new
services. Forinstance, an MCC speech recognition application takes a segment of the users
voice and sends itto the cloud. The cloud processes the segment and sends the recognition
result back to the mobileuser.
This approach has various advantages compared to running the algorithm on the
mobile. Firstof all, harnessing the powerful processing cores on the cloud allows fast
execution of the speechrecognition algorithm.
Meanwhile, the mobile user interface provides a simple yet convenient and abundant
wayfor the users tointeract with the application. Lastly, the reduced use of the processing
power onthe mobile greatly contributes to saving the limited energy budget.
This particular form of task delegation from the mobile to the cloud is
calledComputationOffloading or simplyOffloading. Due to its benefits, offloading is very
frequently adopted in MCC applications and frameworks. These techniques are, however,
mainly focused on the efficiency of the mobile.

CHAPTER - 2
SYSTEM ANALYSIS
System Analysis involves building the analysis model that provides an easy way to
understand the system. Requirements analysis results in the specification of softwares

operational characteristics indicates softwares interface with other system elements and
establish the constraints that software must meet.
Using the following steps it becomes easy to draw the exact boundary of the new
system under consideration.

Keeping in view the problems and new requirements

Workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system.

All procedures, requirements must be analysed and documented in the form of

detailed data flow diagrams, data dictionary, logical data structures and miniature
specifications. System Analysis also includes sub dividing of complex process involving the
entire system, identification of data store and manual process.
The system analysis involves:

Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user

requirements.
Functional hierarchy showing the functions to be performed by the new

system and their relationship with each other.

Functional network which are similar to functional hierarchy but they

highlight those functions which are common to more than one procedure.
List of attribute of the entities, these are the data items which need to be held
about each entity.

Analysis involve a detailed study of the current system, leading to specifications of a

new system. Analysis is a detail study of various operations performed by a system and their
relationships within and outside the system. During analysis, data are collected on the
available files, decision points and transactions handled by the present system. Interviews,
on-side observation and questionnaire are the tools used for system analysis.

The following activities are to be done during analysis.

Need Analysis
Data Gathering
Written Documents
Interviews
Questionnaires

Observations
Sampling
Data Analysis

2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

In the existing system, offloading computation was used for enhancing both the
performance of cloud and battery performance of smart phones. Ternary Decision maker
(TDM) was used for shortening the response time of cloud.And also reducing the unwanted
process in on board CPU and GPU.
Using this processes the existing system increase the performance of cloud. The
programmable GPU is now moving its way from desktop and server computers into handheld
devices, such as smartphones and portable game consoles. While the GPUs inside mobile
devices and desktop computers have similarhigh-level functionality, there are many
differences under the hood.
For example, a GPU inside a smartphone is usually integrated in a single chip with
CPU, DSP, and other application-specific accelerators. Instead of having itsown graphics
memory, an embedded GPU shares the system bus with othercomputing components to
access the external memory and therefore has muchless available bus bandwidth than those of
laptop and high-performance desktop systems.
Also, the only available APIs for current mobile GPUs are OpenGLES, which is a
graphics API and does not provide some essential components of GPGPU, such as arbitrary
memory location and thread-level synchronization.
As most existing CPU-GPU optimizations arebased on, and optimized for desktop and
server platforms, it is highly desirableto characterize the mobile CPU-GPU platform and
revisit the GPGPU strategiesin order to better utilize the computational power of a mobile
GPU.
Comparing the use of a mobile CPU (ARM) and a mobile GPU (PowerVR SGX)for
executing an image processing pipeline (adjusting geometry, Gaussian blur,and adjusting
color) reports that the mobile GPU achieves 3.58x speedup (8.6seconds per frame for CPU
and 2.4 seconds per frame for GPU).

A mobile handhelddevice is typically limited by a power ceiling of less than 1 watt,

while the powerceilings for the desktop processors alone range from 30 to 150 Watts. In
additionto explore the utilization of mobile GPU to speedup timeconsuming tasks, it isalso
important to characterize the power consumption of the mobile GPU andCPU.
The overall objective of developing an application on a mobile platformis to optimize
the total energy consumption while meeting the real-timeconstraint. It investigates the
computational capability and energy efficiency of current mobile CPU-GPU system for an
example computer visionapplication, automatic face annotation.

Disadvantages:

In the existing system using ternary decision maker the cloud response time is
reduced but it will cause packet overhead.

There is no solution provided for packet loss.

If signal overhead in TDM occurs there is no solution provided.

2.2 PROPOSED SYSTEM

In the proposed system a lossless packet transmission is proposed in TDM. Each data
send over the cloud is separated as packets based on the corresponding network bandwidth.
Then the data will be sending over the cloud network reducing the packet overhead. By
implementing offloading and removing unwanted process the smart phone process speed is
improved and it willreduce delay of cloud services and also improves battery performance.
The system develops an offloading framework, named Ternary Decision Maker
(TDM), which aims to shorten response time and reduce energy consumption at the same
time. Unlike previous works, our targets of execution include an on-board CPU, an on-board
GPU, and a cloud, all of which provide a more flexible execution environment for mobile
applications.

Since response time and energy consumption may be two conflicting objectives, first
design a customizable cost function, which allows end users to adjust the weight of response
time and energy consumption. Then develop a lightweight profiling method to estimate the
performance improvement and energy consumption from offloading. In order to make correct
decisions, several key system factors, such as network transmission bandwidth, mobile CPU
speed, and memory bandwidth, are considered when constructing cost functions.
Finally, an offloading decision is made based on the user-defined cost function,
estimated response time, and energy consumption. In order to investigate the applicability
and performance of TDM, several experiments have been conducted on a popular smart
phone: HTC Nexus One.
First, itevaluates the overhead of TDM by measuring the execution time and energy
consumption of each function. Next, a case study of matrix multiplication is done and thena
different version of the offloaded modules for different offloading targets isimplemented.
In addition, it evaluates the accuracy of our method in approximating the execution
time and the energy consumption of offload modules by measurement.
Finally, TDM iscompared with existing methods in making offloading decisions.
Offloading computation from smartphones to remote cloud resources has recently been
rediscovered as a technique to enhance the performance of smartphone applications, while
reducing the energy usage. On the idea of computation offsloading and present practical
system, called Cuckoo can be used to easily write and efficiently run applications that can
offload computation.
Cuckoo is targeted at the Android plat-form, since Android provides an application
model that fits well for computation offloading. Cuckoo offers a very simple programming
model that is prepared for mobile environments, such as those where connectivity with
remote resources suddenly disappears.
It supports local and remote execution and it bundles both local and remote code in a
single package. Cuckoo integrates with existing development tools that are familiar to
developers and automates large parts of the development process. Furthermore, it offers a
simple way for the application user to collect remote resources, including laptops, home
servers and cloud resources.

Computations offloading for smartphones, a recently rediscovered technique,can be

used to reduce the energy consumption on smartphones and increase the speed of compute
intensive operations. Cuckoo will decide at runtime where the computation will take place.
Furthermore, the Cuckoo framework comes with a generic remote server, which can host the
remote implementations of compute intensive services. A smartphone application to collect
the addresses of the remote servers is also included.
Advantages:

Our Proposed System increases the cloud service performance in portable devices
It also provide the energy efficient cloud computing performance in smart phones
Increases the battery performance while using cloud services.
Using our proposed method it will lead to increase the utilization of cloud services
in smartphones