CHUYN 1: CU TO NGUYN T

Phn 1 : Kin thc trng tm

A.Thnh phn nguyn t:
I.Khi lng v in tch ca cc ht cu to nn nguyn t :
c tnh
V nguyn t
Ht nhn
ht
Electron (e)
Proton (p)
Ntron (n)
-19
-19
in tch
qe = - 1,602.10 C
qp= +1,602.10 C
qn = 0
(q)
hay q = 1hay q = 1+
Khi lng me = 9,1.10-31Kg
mp = 1,676.10-27 kg
mn = 1,648.10-27 kg
(m)
me 0,00055 u
mp 1 u
mn 1 u
II.Kch thc v khi lng nguyn t :
1. Kch thc : biu th kch thc ca nguyn t ngi ta dng n v l nanomet (nm)
0
hay angstron ( A ):
0

1 A = 10-10m, 1nm = 10-9m

- Nguyn t nh nht l nguyn t H c bn knh khong 0,053nm.
- ng knh ca nguyn t ln hn ht nhn khong 10.000 ln.
2.Khi lng: n v khi lng ca nguyn t k hiu l u,cn c gi l n v Cacbon (vC)
1u = 1,6607.10-27(kg).
mnguyn t = m proton mnotron melectron
= mht nhn + mlp v electron mht nhn (v me << mp ~ mn )
- Khi lng ca nguyn t hu ht tp trung ht nhn.
B.Ht nhn nguyn t , nguyn t ha hc:
I. Ht nhn nguyn t:
1.in tch ht nhn:
S n v in tch ht nhn =s p =s e =s hiu nguyn t =s th t ca nguyn t trong BTH
i vi nguyn t c Z 82 th :
S
N
S
1,52 =>
P
1
(Vi S = 2P + N)
3,52
P
3
2.S khi : Tnh bng tng ca proton (Z) v ntron (N), k hiu l A
A=Z+ N
II.Nguyn t ha hc :
1.nh ngha : Nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng in tch ht nhn.
2.S hiu nguyn t: L s n v in tch ht nhn nguyn t ca mt nguyn t.
3.K hiu nguyn t:

A
Z

C.ng v, nguyn t khi, nguyn t khi trung bnh :

I.ng v: Cc ng v ca mt nguyn t ha hc l nhng nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc
nhau v s ntron, do s khi A ca chng khc nhau.
- Cc ng v c xp vo mt trong bng tun hon.
- Cc ng v ca mt nguyn t c tnh cht vt l khc nhau.
- Cc ng v c s hiu nguyn t Z > 83 l khng bn,c gi l cc ng v phng x.
II.Nguyn t khi, nguyn t khi trung bnh:
1.Nguyn t khi: l khi lng tng i ca nguyn t.
- Nguyn t khi ca mt nguyn t cho bit khi lng ca nguyn t nng gp bao nhiu ln n v
khi lng nguyn t.
- Nguyn t khi coi nh bng s khi.
Trang 1

2.Nguyn t khi trung bnh:

Cng thc tnh :
A

A x A x ............ A x
x x ........ x
1

Trong :
- A1 , A2An l s khi ca mi ng v t 1 n n.
- x1 , x2..xn l phn trm ng vi mi ng v v x1+x2+xn = 100%.
- Nu nguyn t ch c 2 ng v th x2 = 100% - x1.
D.Lp v phn lp:
S th t lp (n)
1
2
3
4
.
Tn ca lp
K
L
M
N
.
S electron ti a
2
8
18
32
.
S phn lp
1
2
3
4
...
K hiu phn lp
1s
1s,2p
1s,2p,3d
1s,2p,3d,4f
.
S electron ti a
2
2,6
2,6,10
2,6,10,14
.
phn lp v lp
18
32
8
E.Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t:
1.Cch vit cu hnh electron ca nguyn t:
- Xc nh s electron ca nguyn t.
- Cc electron c phn b theo th t tng dn cc mc nng lng AO, theo cc nguyn l v quy tc
phn b electron trong nguyn t.
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d 5p 6s 4f 5d 6p 7s
- Vit cu hnh theo th t cc phn lp trong mt lp v theo th t ca cc lp electron.
V d : *Mg (Z= 12) cu hnh electron ca Mg l 1s22s22p63s2 hay vit l [Ne]3s2
*Fe c Z = 26
Bc 1 : vit theo mc nng lng : 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
Bc 2 : sp xp cc phn lp theo tng lp : 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
2. Cu hnh electron ca mt s nguyn t:
- Cu hnh electron nguyn t ca 20 nguyn t hc hc u tin trng vi th t phn mc nng lng
ca cc AO trong nguyn t.
- Vi cc nguyn t c Z = 21 tr ln,cu hnh electron c s khc vi th t phn mc nng lng ca
cc AO trong nguyn t (v c s chn mc nng lng).
CH : Quy tc sm bn bo ha v sm na bo ha: xy ra cc nguyn t nhm VIB v IB.
- Quy tc sm bo ha : Nu theo ng dy Klescopski cu hnh e ca 2 phn lp bn ngoi l
(n-1)d9 ns2 th mt e chuyn t phn lp (n-1)d sm bo ha phn lp ny, khi nguyn t t cu
hnh bn vng hn : (n-1)d10 ns1.
V d : Cu (Z = 29)
1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2(vit sai) 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 (vit ng).
Tng t i vi Ag (Z = 47), Au (Z= 79).
-Quy tc sm na bo ha : Theo quy tc Klescopski th cu hnh l : (n-1)d4ns2 th mt e chuyn th mt
e chuyn t phn lp (n-1)d sm bo ha phn lp ny, khi nguyn t t cu hnh bn vng hn :
(n-1)d5 ns1.
V d : Cr(Z=24) c cu hnh l :
1s22s22p63s23p63d44s2(vit sai) 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s1 (vit ng).
3.c im ca lp electron ngoi cng :
- Cc lp electron ngoi cng quyt nh tnh cht ha hc ca mt nguyn t
Trang 2

- i vi nguyn t s electron lp ngoi cng ti a l 8.

MI LIN H GIA LP ELECTRON NGOI CNG VI LOI NGUYN T
Cu hnh electron
ns1
ns2 np2
ns2 np3
ns2 np6
lp ngoi cng
ns2
ns2 np4
(1s2 : He )
ns2 np1
ns2 np5
S electron thuc
lp ngoi cng
Loi nguyn t
Tnh cht c bn ca
nguyn t

1 ; 2 hoc 3

5; 6 hoc 7

8 (2 i vi He)

Kim loi
(tr H,He,B)
Tnh kim loi

C th l kim loi
hoc phi kim
C th l tnh kim
loi hoc tnh phi
kim

Thng l phi
kim
Thng c tnh
phi kim

Kh him

Trang 3

Tng i tr v
mt ha hc

Phn 2 : LUYN K NNG

A.T lun :
Cu 1 : Nguyn t ca mt nguyn t X c tng s ht p, n, e bng 34.
Xc nh tn nguyn t bit s ht n nhiu hn s ht p l 1.
Cu 2 : Nguyn t Y c tng s ht l 82. Ht mang in nhiu hn ht khng mang in l 22.
Xc nh A v k hiu Y.
Cu 3 : Nguyn t ca nguyn t ha hc T c tng s ht p, n, e l 180. Trong tng s ht mang
in gp 1,432 ln s ht khng mang in. Xc nh X.
Cu 4: Nguyn t ca nguyn t B c tng s ht bng 10.
a)Xc nh Z v A.
b)Xc nh k hiu nguyn t X.
Cu 5 : Mt nguyn t A c tng s ht l 46, s ht khng mang in bng 8/15 s ht mang in. Xc
nh nguyn t A v vit cu hnh electron nguyn t ca A.
Cu 6 : Mt nguyn t E c tng s p, n, e l 34. Xc nh E,vit cu hnh v cho bit E l kim loi,phi
kim hay kh him?
11
27
40
Cu 7 : Nguyn t 5 B , 13 Al v 20 Ca .
a)Xc nh s p, s n v s electron ca cc nguyn t trn.
b)Cho bit cc nguyn t trn thuc loi no? ( kim loi, phi kim hay kh him).
Cu 8 : Bn knh nguyn t v khi lng mol nguyn t Fe ln lt l 1,28 v 56 g/mol. Tnh khi
lng ring ca Fe. Bit rng trong tinh th Fe chim 74% th tch cn li l phn rng.
Cu 9 : Nguyn t Au c bn knh v khi lng mol nguyn t ln lt l 1,44 v 197 g/mol. Bit
khi lng ring ca Au lm 19,36 g/cm3. Hi cc nguyn t Au chim bao nhiu phn trm th tch
trong tinh th.
Cu 10 : Tnh bn knh gn ng ca nguyn t natri, bit khi lng ring ca natri bng 0,97 g/cm3 v
trong tinh th kim loi khng gian trng chim 26% th tch. Cho Na = 22,99.
Cu 11: Tng s cc loi ht trong nguyn t phi kim X l 46, trong nguyn t kim loi Y l 34, v
trong nguyn t kh him Z l 120. Hy vit cu hnh e ca cc nguyn t trn v cho bit k hiu ca X,
Y, Z.
Cu 12: Phn t MX2 c tng s ht (p, n ,e ) l 140, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng
mang in l 44. S khi ca nguyn t X ln hn s khi ca M l 11. Tng s ht (p, n, e) trong
nguyn t X nhiu hn trong nguyn t M l 16. Xc nh cc nguyn t M,X,vit cng thc phn t
ca hp cht trn.
Cu 13: Trong hp cht AB3 tng s ht trong phn t l 196, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 60. S khi ca B nhiu hn A l 8 v s ht c bn ca A t hn trong B l
13.Xc nh cng thc phn t ca AB3.
Cu 14 : Mt cation R3+ c tng s ht l 37. T s ht electron i vi ht Ntron l 5/7.Tm s p, n, e
trong cation.
Cu 15: Ion M3+ c tng s ht l 37. Vit cu hnh electron ca M.
Cu 16: Mt hp cht ion cu to t ion M2+ v X- ,tng s ht trong phn t MX2 l 186 ht, trong
s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in 54 ht.S ntron ca ion M2+ nhiu hn X- l 12
ht.Tng s ht ca M2+ nhiu hn X- l 27. Xc nh M, X v MX2.
2
2
Cu 17: Mt hp cht A c to bi hai ion X2+ v YZ 3 . Tng s electron ca YZ 3 bng 32 ht, Y
v Z bng 3 ln s proton ca Z. Khi lng phn t ca A bng 116u.
Xc nh X, Y, Z v cng thc phn t ca A.
16
17
18
12
13
Cu 18 : Trong t nhin oxi c 3 ng v : 8 O, 8 O, 8 O : cacbon c 2 ng v 6 C , 6 C .Hi c th to
thnh bao nhiu phn t kh CO2 .Tnh phn t khi ca chng.

Trang 4

Cu 19 : Trong t nhin brom c hai ng v bn :

79
35

Br chim 54,5 % v

81
35

Br chim 45,5 % s nguyn

t. Hy tm nguyn t khi trung bnh ca brom v tnh s nguyn t ca tng ng v trong 1 mol
nguyn t Brom.
Cu 20 : Bo c 2 ng v l 10 B, 11B . Tnh phn trm s nguyn t ca mi ng v,bit M = 10,81
Cu 21 : Nguyn t Mg trong t nhin c 3 loi ng v c s khi ln lt l 24, 25, 26. Trong 5000
nguyn t Mg c 3930 ng v 24 v 505 ng v 25, cn li l ng v 26.
Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh ca Mg.
Cu 22 : ng trong t nhin c hai ng v l 63Cu v 65 Cu, nguyn t khi trung bnh l 63,546 u.
Tnh s nguyn t ca 63Cu trong 31, 773 gam ng.
Cu 23 : Nguyn t khi trung bnh ca B t nhin l 10, 81 u. Bit Bo t nhin gm hai ng v
10

B, 11B . Tnh thnh phn phn trm v khi lng ca ng v 11B trong axit boric H3BO3 .
Cu 24 : Ha tan hon ton 6, 082 gam kim loi R c ha tr II vo dung dch HCl thu c
5,6 lt kh (ktc).
a) Tnh nguyn t khi trung bnh v gi tn R.
b) R c ba ng v bn. Tng s khi ca 3 ng v l 75. S khi ca ng v th 2 bng trung bnh
cng s khi ca 2 ng v cn li. ng v th 3 chim 11, 4% v c s khi nhiu hn ng v 2 l 1
n v.Tnh s khi v phn trm ca mi ng v.
Cu 25 : Cho 8,24 gam dung dch mui NaX tc dng va vi dung dch AgNO3 th thu c 15,04
gam kt ta.
a) Tnh nguyn t khi ca X v gi tn.
b) Nguyn t X c hai ng v. Bit ng v th 2 c s ntron hn ng v th nht l 2 v phn trm
ca c hai ng v bng nhau.Tnh s khi ca mi ng v.
Cu 26 : Trong anion X3- tng s ht l 111; s electron bng 48% s khi. Tm s proton, electron,
notron v tm s khi A ca X3-.
Cu 27 : Nguyn t Fe c Z = 26. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca Fe.
Nu nguyn t Fe b mt hai electron,mt ba electron th cc cu hnh electron tng ng s nh th
no?
Cu 28 : Nguyn t A c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 4s1. Nguyn t B c phn lp
electron lp ngoi cng l 3p5.
Vit cu hnh y ca A v B. Gi tn A,B.
Cu 29 : Vit cu hnh ca cc ion sau : Cu2+, N3-, Fe3+, Cl-, Al3+ . Bit rng th t nguyn t ln lt l
Cu (Z = 29), N (Z = 7), Fe ( Z- 26 0, Cl (Z = 17), Al ( Z= 13).
Cu 30 : Nguyn t X c tng s cc loi ht bng 115, s ht mang in nhiu hn s ht khng mang
in l 25. Tm s proton, s in tch ht nhn, in tch ht nhn v s khi ca nguyn t X.

Trang 5

B.Trc nghim :
Cu 1: Ht nhn ca hu ht cc nguyn t do cc loi ht sau cu to nn
A. electron, proton v ntron
B. electron v ntron
C. proton v ntron
D. electron v proton
Cu 2: Mt nguyn t c c trng c bn bng
A. S proton v in tch ht nhn
B. S proton v s electron
C. S khi A v s ntron
D. S khi A v in tch ht nhn
Cu 3: Nguyn t ha hc bao gm cc nguyn t:
A. C cng s khi A
B. C cng s proton
C. C cng s ntron
D. C cng s proton v s ntron
Cu 4: iu khng nh no sau y l sai ?
A. Ht nhn nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
B. Trong nguyn t s ht proton bng s ht electron.
C. S khi A l tng s proton (Z) v tng s ntron (N).
D. Nguyn t c cu to nn bi cc ht proton, electron, ntron.
Cu 5: Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Nguyn t c cu to t cc ht c bn l p, n, e.
B. Nguyn t c cu trc c kht, gm v nguyn t v ht nhn nguyn t.
C. Ht nhn nguyn t cu to bi cc ht proton v ht ntron.
D. V nguyn t c cu to t cc ht electron.
Cu 6: Mnh no sau y khng ng ?
(1) S in tch ht nhn c trng cho 1 nguyn t. (2) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 proton.
(3) Ch c ht nhn nguyn t oxi mi c 8 ntron. (4) Ch c trong nguyn t oxi mi c 8 electron.
A. 3 v 4
B. 1 v 3
C. 4
D. 3
Cu 7: Chn cu pht biu sai :
1. Trong mt nguyn t lun lun c s proton = s electron = s in tch ht nhn
2. Tng s proton v s electron trong mt ht nhn gi l s khi
3. S khi A l khi lng tuyt i ca nguyn t
4. S proton =in tch ht nhn
5. ng v l cc nguyn t c cng s proton nhng khc nhau v s ntron
A. 2,4,5
B. 2,3
C. 3,4
D. 2,3,4
24
25
26
Cu 8: Cho ba nguyn t c k hiu l 12 Mg , 12 Mg , 12 Mg . Pht biu no sau y l sai
A.S electron ca cc nguyn t ln lt l: 12, 13, 14
B.y l 3 ng v.
C.Ba nguyn t trn u thuc nguyn t Mg.
D.Ht nhn mi ngt c 12 proton.
Cu 9: Chn cu pht biu sai:
A. S khi bng tng s ht p v n.
B. Tng s p v s e c gi l s khi.
C. Trong 1 nguyn t s p = s e = s in tch ht nhn .
D. S p bng s e.
27
Cu 10: Nguyn t 13 Al c :
A. 13p, 13e, 14n.
B. 13p, 14e, 14n.
C. 13p, 14e, 13n.
D. 14p, 14e, 13n.
40
Cu 11: Nguyn t canxi c k hiu l 20 Ca . Pht biu no sau y sai
A. Nguyn t Ca c 2electron lp ngoi cng.
B. S hiu nguyn t ca Ca l 20.
C. Canxi th 20 trong bng tun hon.
D. Tng s ht c bn ca canxi l 40
27

Cu 12 : (HB 2013) S proton v s ntron c trong mt nguyn t nhm ( 13 Al ) ln lt l :

A. 13 v 13

B. 13 v 14

C. 12 v 14
D. 13 v 15
56
2
Cu 13 : S proton, s electron, s notron trong ion 26 Fe ln lt l:
A.26, 26, 30
B.26, 28, 30
C.26, 28, 30
D.26, 24, 30
Cu 14: (HA 2013) trng thi c bn, cu hnh electron ca nguyn t Na( Z = 11) l
Trang 6

A. 1s22s22p53s2
B. 1s22s22p43s1
C. 1s22s22p63s2
D. 1s22s22p63s1
Cu 15: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht l 40 .Tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht
khng mang in l 12 ht .Nguyn t X c s khi l :
A. 27
B. 26
C. 28
D. 23
Cu 16: Trong nguyn t mt nguyn t A c tng s cc loi ht l 58. Bit s ht p t hn s ht n l 1
ht. K hiu ca A l
39
38
39
38
K
A. 19 K
B. 19 K
C. 20
D. 20 K
Cu 17: Tng cc ht c bn trong mt nguyn t l 155 ht. Trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 33 ht. S khi ca nguyn t l
A. 119
B. 113
C. 112
D. 108
35
37
Cu 18 : Nguyn t trung bnh ca Clo l 35, 5 vC. Clo c hai ng v l 17 Cl , 17 Cl . Phn trm khi lng
35
17

Cl trong KClO3 l
A.9,25%
B.7, 55%
C.8, 55 %
D.21,43 %
3Cu 19: Tng s ht mang in trong ion AB 4 l 50. S ht mang in trong nguyn t A nhiu hn s
ht mang in trong ht nhn nguyn t B l 22. S hiu nguyn t A, B ln lt l:
A. 16 v 7
B. 7 v 16
C. 15 v 8
D. 8 v 15
Cu 22 : Bn knh ion no ln nht trong cc ion sau :
A. S2B. ClC. K+
D. Ca2+
Cu 21: Trong phn t MX2 c tng s ht p,n,e bng 164 ht, trong s ht mang in nhiu hn s
ht khng mang in l 52 ht. S khi ca nguyn t M ln hn s khi ca nguyn t X l 5. Tng s
ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M ln hn trong nguyn t X l 8 ht. Tng s ht p,n,e trong nguyn t M
ln hn trong nguyn t X l 8 ht. S hiu nguyn t ca M l:
A. 12
B. 20
C. 26
D. 9
Cu 22: nh ngha no v ng v sau y l ng :
A. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s proton.
B. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s ntron, khc nhau s proton
C. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s proton, khc nhau s ntron
D. ng v l tp hp cc nguyn t c cng s proton, khc nhau s ntron
Cu 23: Trong dy k hiu cc nguyn t sau, dy no ch cng mt nguyn t ha hc:
14
15
16
17
18
56
56
20
21
A. 6 A; 7 B
C . 26 G; 27 H
D . 10 H ; 11 F
B . 8 C ; 8 D; 8 E
ca

Cu 24: Oxi c 3 ng v 168 O, 178 O, 188 O s kiu phn t O2 c th to thnh l:

A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D. 6
14
15
Cu 25: Nit trong thin nhin l hn hp gm hai ng v l 7 N (99,63%) v 7 N (0,37%). Nguyn
t khi trung bnh ca nit l
A. 14,7
B. 14,0
C. 14,4
D. 13,7
Cu 26 : (HB - 2010) Mt ion M3+ c tng s ht proton, ntron, electron l 79, trong s ht mang
in nhiu hn s ht khng mang in l 19. Cu hnh electron ca nguyn t M l
A. [Ar]3d54s1.
B. [Ar]3d64s2.
C. [Ar]3d64s1.
D. [Ar]3d34s2.
Cu 27 : Mt nguyn t X c s hiu nguyn t Z =19. S lp electron trong nguyn t X l
A. 4
B. 5
C. 3
D. 6
7
Cu 28 : Nguyn t M c cu hnh electron ca phn lp ngoi cng l 3d . Tng s electron ca
nguyn t M l:
A. 24
B. 25
C. 27
D. 29
Cu 29 : Mt nguyn t X c tng s electron cc phn lp s l 6 v tng s electron lp ngoi cng
l 6. Cho bit X thuc v nguyn t ho hc no sau y?
A. Oxi (Z = 8)
B. Lu hunh (Z = 16)
C. Flo (Z = 9)
D.Clo(Z = 17)
Cu 30 : Mt nguyn t X c tng s e cc phn lp p l 11. Hy cho bit X thuc v nguyn t ho
hc no sau y?
A. nguyn t s.
B. nguyn t p.
C. nguyn t d.
D.nguyn t f.

Trang 7

Cu 31: Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. Nguyn t ca

nguyn t Y c tng s ht mang in nhiu hn tng s ht mang in ca X l 8. X v Y l cc
nguyn t:
A. Al v Br
B. Al v Cl
C. Mg v Cl
D. Si v Br.
Cu 32: Nguyn t nguyn t X c electron cui cng c phn b vo phn lp 3p1. Nguyn t
nguyn t Y c electron cui cng c phn b vo phn lp 3p3. S proton ca X, Y ln lt l :
A. 13 v 15
B. 12 v 14
C. 13 v 14
D. 12 v 15
6
Cu 33: Electron cui cng ca nguyn t nguyn t X c phn b vo phn lp 3d . X l :
A. Zn
B. Fe
C. Ni
D. S
Cu 34 : Mt nguyn t X c 3 lp. trng thi c bn, s electron ti a trong lp M l:
A. 2
B. 8
C. 18
D. 32
2+
Cu 35 : Cu c cu hnh electron l:
A. 1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2 B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d104s1 C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d9 D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d8
Cu 36: Ion X2- v M3+ u c cu hnh electron l 1s22s22p6. X, M l nhng nguyn t no sau y ?
A. F, Ca
B. O, Al
C. S, Al
D. O, Mg
2+
2
2
6
2
Cu 37: Dy gm nguyn t X, cc ion Y v Z u c cu hnh electron : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p6 l:
A. Ne, Mg2+, FB. Ar, Mg2+, FC. Ne, Ca2+, ClD. Ar,Ca2+, Cl+
6
Cu 38: Cation R c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 2p . Vy cu hnh electron ca nguyn t
R l
A.1s22s22p5
B.1s22s22p63s2
C.1s22s22p63s23p1
D.1s22s22p63s1
Cu 39: Ion M3+ c cu hnh electron phn lp ngoi cng l 3d5. Vy cu hnh electron ca M l
A. 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d8
B. 1s22s22p63s23p63d64s2
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d8
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s24p1
2+
2
2
6
2
6
5
Cu 40: Cu hnh e ca ion Mn l : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d . Cu hnh e ca Mn l :
A.1s22s22p63s23p63d7
C. 1s22s22p63s23p63d54s2
B. 1s22s22p63s23p64s24p5
D. 1s22s22p63s23p63d34s24p2
2
Cu 41: Cho bit cu hnh electron ca cc nguyn t X : 1s 2s22p63s23p4 ; Y : 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 ;
Z : 1s22s22p63s23p6. Nguyn t no l kim loi ?
A. X
B. Y
C. Z
D. X v Y
Cu 42: Cho cc nguyn t c s hiu tng ng l X (Z1 = 11), Y (Z2 = 14), Z (Z3 = 17), T (Z4 = 20),
R (Z5 = 10). Cc nguyn t l kim loi gm :
A. Y, Z, T.
B. Y, T, R.
C. X, Y, T.
D. X, T.
Cu 43 : : (HA - 2007) Dy gm cc ion X+, Y- v nguyn t Z u c cu hnh electron 1s22s22p6 l:
A. Na+, Cl-, Ar.
B. Li+, F-, Ne.
C. Na+, F-, Ne.
D. K+, Cl-, Ar.
Cu 44 : : (C - 2007) Trong t nhin, nguyn t ng c hai ng v l 6329Cuv 6529Cu. Nguyn t
khi trung bnh ca ng l 63,54. Thnh phn phn trm tng s nguyn t ca ng v 6329Cu l
A. 27%.
B. 50%.
C. 54%.
D. 73%.
Cu 45 : (C - 2008) Nguyn t ca nguyn t X c tng s ht electron trong cc phn lp p l 7. S
ht mang in ca mt nguyn t Y nhiu hn s ht mang in ca mt nguyn t X l 8 ht. Cc
nguyn t X v Y ln lt l
A. Fe v Cl.
B. Na v Cl.
C. Al v Cl.
D. Al v P.
Cu 46 : (C -2011) ho tan hon ton 6,4 gam hn hp gm kim loi R (ch c ha tr II) v oxit
ca n cn va 400 ml dung dch HCl 1M. Kim loi R l
A. Ba.
B. Be.
C. Mg.
D. Ca.
3
Cu 47: (HA - 2011) Khi lng ring ca canxi kim loi l 1,55 g/cm . Gi thit rng, trong tinh th
canxi cc nguyn t l nhng hnh cu chim 74% th tch tinh th, phn cn li l khe rng. Bn knh
nguyn t canxi tnh theo l thuyt l
A. 0,185 nm.
B. 0,196 nm.
C. 0,155 nm.
D. 0,168 nm.
Cu 48 : Ion no c bn knh nh nht trong cc ion sau:
A. Li+
B. K+
C. Be2+
D. Mg2+

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