Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Version 6.40.00
May 2011
Table of Contents
WHAT IS NEW IN VERSION 6.40.00 ........................................................................................................... 5
A.
B.
D.
E.
INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................. 8
2.
3.
4.
5.
NEW FIX MAGNETIC AND SOLID STATE BREAKER BUILD PROGRAM ................................ 108
B.
C.
Table of Figures
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Figure 5.
Figure 6.
Figure 7.
Figure 8.
Figure 9.
Figure 10.
Figure 11.
Figure 12.
Figure 13.
Figure 14.
Figure 15.
Figure 16.
Figure 17.
Figure 18.
Figure 19.
Figure 20.
Figure 21.
Figure 22.
Figure 23.
Figure 24.
Figure 25.
Figure 26.
Figure 27.
Figure 28.
Figure 29.
Figure 30.
Figure 31.
Figure 32.
Figure 33.
Figure 34.
Figure 35.
Figure 36.
Figure 37.
Figure 38.
Figure 39.
Figure 40.
Figure 41.
Figure 42.
Figure 43.
Figure 44.
Figure 45.
Figure 46.
Figure 47.
Figure 48.
Figure 49.
Figure 50.
Figure 51.
ii
Figure 52.
Figure 53.
Figure 54.
Figure 55.
Figure 56.
Figure 57.
Figure 58.
Figure 59.
Figure 60.
Figure 61.
Figure 62.
Figure 63.
Figure 64.
Figure 65.
Figure 66.
Figure 67.
Figure 68.
Figure 69.
Figure 70.
Figure 71.
Figure 72.
Figure 73.
Figure 74.
Figure 75.
Figure 76.
Figure 77.
Figure 78.
Figure 79.
Figure 80.
Figure 81.
Figure 82.
Figure 83.
Figure 84.
Figure 85.
Figure 86.
Figure 87.
Figure 88.
Figure 89.
Figure 90.
Figure 91.
Figure 92.
Figure 93.
Figure 94.
Figure 95.
Figure 96.
Figure 97.
Figure 98.
Figure 99.
Figure 100.
Figure 101.
Figure 102.
Figure 103.
Figure 104.
Figure 105.
iii
You can view this manual on your CD as an Adobe Acrobat PDF file. The file name is:
Protective Device Coordination
PDC.pdf
You will find the Test/Job files used in this tutorial in the following location:
C:\DesignBase\Samples\ACPDC
Copyright 2011
All Rights Reserved
iv
Adjustable Magnetic Breakers, Solid State Breakers, Generic Breakers and Digitrip Breakers are
merged into a single library type called Solid State breakers. The new Protective Device Library
manager has the new look shown below:
The listing of relays, breakers, and fuses has been simplified in the protective device library
manager to help users find and select devices faster. For example, all the time dials associated
with a relay type are not shown individually as in version 6.30.00. In version 6.40.00 each relay
type is only shown once with its range of time dials.
New search filters by manufacturer, curve number, Type, Trip Type, etc., has been implemented
for all PDC devices.
Decrements curves can now be generated directly from the one line diagram. A new option was
added to the PDC Insert menu: Insert Decrement Curve. This option launches the
prepopulated screen shown below with all applicable generator data from the one line diagram.
After all the parameters are set, the curve is directly plotted in the PDC study.
1.
Introduction
DesignBases CAD-based PDC program is fast, easy to use and understand and a powerful tool for
analysis of over current protection in power systems. The program is built in compliance with all
applicable IEEE standards. The program is used to analyze models already built within the DesignBase
CAD interface. DesignBase PDC program exchanges data with other DesignBase engines and it is fully
integrated in the Paladin DesignBase environment see Figure 1. Detailed explanations are given in the
next chapter.
DesignBase also offers Standalone and Network based PDC program. The standalone program uses
the same engine as CAD-based PDC; however, their interfaces are different. Standalone and Network
PDC allows the user to quickly build and analyze protective circuits without building a model of the entire
system. Standalone and Network PDC is explained in Chapter 3.
2.
To start Protective Device Coordination program, referred to as PDC, choose Selection > Protective
Device Coordination from the main DESIGNBASE menu. Alternatively, click on the appropriate toolbar
button
2.1.
Delete Study
Create
New Study Study Option
Create
Multi
New Save
-Dwg Study
Show
Restor Devices
e View in
Run
SC
Copy/
Plot
Paste
OneLine on Table
Show Measur
Study e
Time-
Print
Table
Edit
Men
Copy/Paste
TCC
&
Back
Annotation
Inser
t
ANSI catalog
IEC catalog
2.2.
To open an existing PDC study, first open file PDC40 form DesignBase4 > Samples > ACPDC folder.
Next start PDC by clicking on PDC icon. The PDC toolbar will open (see Figure 4).
10
11
2.3.
In this section, we will learn how to conduct a Protective Device Coordination analysis on an existing
network. The exercise will be based on the single line diagram shown in Figure 6. The coordination path
under study spans from MOTOR 2 (009) all the way up to the main transformer. The arrows on the
drawing are intended to assist in the visualization of this path.
70 A
12
Open file PDC.40 form DesignBase4 > Samples > ACPDC folder.
Short-circuit can be run at any time while performing PDC studies without leaving the PDC program. The
purpose of this function is to refresh the Short-circuit data after changes (influencing short-circuit level in
the network) have been applied to the model. To that end, a new icon,
toolbar.
Notice that some PDC data are already injected it the PDC40 network. In this exercise we will start from
the beginning. Therefore, edit all the elements in the network and delete their PDC information as shown
in Figure 7.
13
14
Once the existing studies have been deleted, proceed to isolate coordination path under study (path is
shown in Figure 9). To do this, continue as follows:
Hold down the Shift key on the keyboard;
While the Shift key is being held down, select one by one each component in the coordination path.
Once an element has been successfully selected, it will be highlighted by yellow dots as shown in the
next screen-capture. Make sure that all nodes and buses in the coordination path are selected in the
process.
Once all the components have been selected release the Shift key.
Once the coordination path has been selected click on Create a New Study to assign a study to the
selected path.
15
16
Motor Section B
Curve Label:
17
Curve Color:
Select a color from the pick list.
Current Multiplier:
Shifts the motor curve along the current axis of the TCC by this factor.
Show Inrush as a Step: Graphs the inrush section of the motor start as a step rather than slanted.
Motor Section C
Power Factor:
Efficiency:
Service Factor:
Motor Section D
Full Load Amps:
LRA Mult. Factor:
Starter Tap %:
Locked Rotor Amps:
Inrush Mult Factor:
Inrush amps:
Max. Acc. Time:
Max. Withstand Time:
Hot Stall Time:
18
Figure 13 illustrates the AC motor parameters used for protective device coordination.
Full Load
Current
Accel. Time
Locked Rotor
Current
Inrush Current
The PDC dialog screen in Figure 12 is automatically populated with the data from Motor Power Flow
and Short circuit tabs. To proceed, enter the curve label and click OK. Motor TC will be displayed in
TCC window.
19
20
21
22
23
24
2.3.8. Fuses
Proceed to add fuse characteristic. Select the fuse. From the Insert menu select Insert Device Curve.
25
26
C
B
27
Fuses Section B
Curve Label:
Color:
Shading:
Clip Fuse at SC:
Current Multiplier:
Lower Limit:
Upper Limit:
Fuses Section C
Manufacturer:
Voltage:
Auto Select:
Browse:
Curve Set Number:
Fuses Section D
Auto Select:
Browse:
Interpolate:
Fuses Section E
Type:
Speed:
Rating:
Switch Type:
Switch Size:
Adj. for DC Application:
To proceed with the fuse selection, enter all the data as shown in Figure 21. Next, click the Search
button. If the selected fuse is found the Search button will become a Save button. Click on the Save
button next. The fuse characteristic is displayed on The TCC graph and its label and size is displayed on
the PDC study drawing. (see Figure 22)
If you select the fuse curve on the TCC graph the PDC toolbar will be extended. Notice the green arrows
at the end of the PDC toolbar. Using these arrows user can change the settings of the fuse; user can
move the characteristics through all possible settings (6, 10, 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 125, 160 and 200A) for
the particular fuse.
28
29
2.3.9. Relays
Proceed to add relay characteristics. First select the overload relay 0009. From the Insert menu select
Insert Device Curve.
30
31
D
F
Relay PDC dialog screens in Figure 26 will appear. Set the relay as shown above. Detailed explanation
follows.
32
Relay Section A
Equipment Voltage:
Design Load Amps:
Short Circuit Amps:
Short Circuit Flag:
Relay Section B
Curve Label:
Color:
Shading:
Ext. Relay to Short Circuit:
0% voltage curve @ 25% TS:
Continuous Tap Setting:
Show Min/Max Trip Curves:
Current Multiplier:
Relay Section C
Manufacturer:
Auto Select:
Browse:
Instantaneous only:
Lower Limit:
Upper Limit:
Curve Set Number:
Relay Section D
Auto Select:
Browse:
Interpolate:
Calibration:
Relay Section E
This section holds the information that pertains to the relay Type, Time Dial, CT Ratio and Tap Setting.
These values can either be entered manually or automatically when the Auto-Select function has been
used.
Relay Section F
This section (when selected) holds the information that pertains to the relays various Instantaneous
setting parameters.
To proceed with the relay selection, enter all the data as shown in Figure 26. Next, click the Search
button. If the selected curve is found the Search button will become a Save button. Click on the Save
button. The relay characteristic is displayed on the TCC graph and the relay PDC label is displayed
together with its time-dial on the PDC study drawing. (see Figure 27).
If you select the relay curve you will notice an extension of the PDC toolbar. Notice the green arrow at the
end of the toolbar. Using these arrows user can change the time dial of the relay.
33
34
The completed PDC study is shown in Figure 30. To avoid crowding, the TCC graph has been extended
to 100 seconds using Study Options > Grid Plot Time as explained in Section 2.3.2.
35
36
% Rated Volts
100
78
48
0
By selecting the Show 0% voltage curve at 25% tap setting field, DesignBase allows the user to select
the curve that would correspond to a 0% volt condition (Bolted Fault Condition), which reduces the tap
setting down to 25% of the original setting. The program automatically plots the curve.
The figure in the next page shows an example of how the 0% voltage curve is included in the TCC to aid
the user in the coordination analysis.
37
38
From the Device Library Manager select Breakers > Solid State > GE. Select the breaker as shown in
Figure 34 and click Select. The same result can be achieved by simply double clicking on the breaker
symbol and clicking on the library field pull down menu shown below.
39
40
41
E
D
Solid state Circuit Breaker (SSCB) PDC dialog screens (see Figure 35) will appear. Set the breaker as
shown above. Detailed explanation follows.
SSCB Section A
Equipment Voltage:
Design Load Amps:
Short Circuit Amps:
Short Circuit Flag:
SSCB Section B
Curve Label:
Color:
Shading:
Clip Breaker at SC:
Current Multiplier:
Lower Limit:
Upper Limit:
SSCB Section C
Manufacturer:
Voltage Class:
Breaker Type:
Trip Type:
Auto Select:
Browse:
Curve Set Number:
SSCB Section D
Auto Select:
Browse:
Interrupting Rating:
SSCB Section E
This section holds the information that pertains to the SSCB Frame Size/Max Rating, Current
Sensors/Tap/Plug Settings, LTPU, STPU and Instantaneous settings. These values can either be entered
manually or automatically when the Auto-Select function has been used.
42
After the circuit breaker is selected, add transformer curve to the transformer 0011; use the procedure
explained in Section 2.3.7. After the transformer curve is added, create a new PDC study. Study should
span between bus bars SW-1 and SUB-1. The study options are shown in Figure 36.
43
PDC study # 2 is shown in Figure 37. PDC toolbar can be used to change the breaker settings. Select the
breaker curve and click on the pulldown menu with the breaker settings. Select Short Time Pickup as
shown in Figure 37. Use the blue arrows to reduce the pickup to 2.00. Next, select Short Time I2T Delay;
use arrows to remove this part of the curve. The curve should now look like the one shown in Figure 38.
44
45
To demonstrate, open the PDC study created in the previous section. We will assume the existence of a
relay at the end of the line 0007. Next we can select a relay symbol from PDC catalog and drag and
drop it onto the feeder (see Figure 39). Once we release the relay symbol we will be asked to overwrite
the existing PDC curve (the existing feeder damage curve). Instead overwriting, click Insert After (see
Figure 40).
46
After finishing this exercise click the Restore View icon. Notice that the newly created relay will not be
shown on one-line diagram. It is visible only within the PDC study.
47
2.4.
Reports
In this section, we will learn how to report different PDC results and parameters. PDC annotations, text
and tabular reports and TCC graphs will be discussed. The examples will be based on the PDC40 file and
on the studies presented in Section 2.3.
48
All Equipment section in the screen in Figure 42 contains the information common to all the PDC
equipment. User decides which properties will be displayed by using checkmarks.
Back Annotation dialog box contains separate tabs for breakers, relays, fuses etc. The breaker-tab is
shown in Figure 42. User chooses which properties will be displayed for a particular equipment type by
using checkmarks.
The results of PDC back annotation are presented in the Figure 43.
49
50
At this point, the report can be printed out, copied to the clipboard or saved as a text file for third party
software customization. Click on Clipboard option. To exit, select Done from the menu.
51
The report has been copied to the clipboard. To paste the report in an MS Word document, simply use
the Paste command within the MS Word. To preserve the DesignBase formatting, select the entire
report and change its font to Courier and the font size to 9. An example of the MS Word report is
shown in
Figure 47.
52
53
54
55
Professional report can be exported to third party software and customized within that software. Typically
the report is exported to Adobe Acrobat or to MS Excel. To export the software click on the Export
button on the Professional Report toolbar. Choose Application as the destination of the report, and
choose preferable report format. Next click OK (see Figure 52) and the report will be exported to the
chosen software.
56
User can inject any fault current in the above dialog. We will inject a current of 1000A and click OK. As a
result of this action, DesignBase text report shown in Figure 55 will open.
57
The Protective Device Open Time Report gives the information of opening time of all devices in the
study. The report can be printed out, copied to the clipboard or saved as a text file for third party software
customisation (these are common features of all DesignBase text reports). Select Done to exit from the
report menu.
User can also inject the short circuit at any point in the network to generate the report with device
sequence of operation. To demonstrate this PDC feature, first use the Restore View icon to go out of
the PDC study. Next, select the induction motor M1 and click on Device Sequence of Operation icon as
shown in the Figure 56. The device Sequence of Operation Professional Report will be generated
58
automatically (see Figure 56). The report gives the tripping time of all the protective devices upstream of
the faulted device.
DesignBase
59
After closing the professional report, tripping results will be annotated on the one-line diagram. Beside the
name of protective devices, the program will display the appropriate short-circuit branch currents and the
appropriate opening times.
60
61
62
63
64
2.5
The second measurement method is used to measure time discrimination (coordination) between two
curves. First make TCC graph active (click on it). Click on Measure Time-Current icon. A green
adjustable rectangle will appear on TCC graph. User can move the adjustable rectangle over the TC
curves. Adjusting the upper and lower left corner of rectangle on two adjacent TC curves, user can read
the time coordination for a desired current value (see Figure 63).
65
66
Copy the SW-1 bus bar (using Edit > Copy command) from the PDC40.axd and paste it in
PDC40new.axd using Edit > Paste Duplicate Symbol command. Notice that the pasted equipment has
the same name as the original and that it is energized. You can continue to build the model on the new
drawing. For this exercise we will add a circuit breaker, a feeder and a motor. The model will look like the
one shown on Figure 66.
Next, we will create a study including the equipment between the motor MOT-1 and the bus-bar SUB-2.
The study extends over both drawings. Our first step will be to invoke PDC toolbar and to click on the
Create a New Multiple Drawings Study icon the blue plus. Notice that the color of the icon will
change from blue to red; also notice the equipment counter in the extension of PDC toolbar (see Figure
65).
67
68
69
70
To align all the symbols in single line diagram user should do the following (see Figure 69):
Step 1: Select and drag and drop the elements to the desired location
Step 2: Adjust the connections on bus-bars. Since the program will not allow you to disconnect
and reconnect the elements, you need to drag and drop the connection points while holding
the Ctrl key. Ctrl key allows the user to adjust the connection points without disconnecting
elements.
Step 3: Adjust the length of bus-bars by dragging and dropping their end points.
Step 1.
Step 2.
Step 3.
Step 1.
Step 2.
71
3.
To invoke Standalone and Network based Protective Device Coordination program, referred to as S&N
PDC program, make sure that you do not have any project open in the main DesignBase program
window and then choose Selection > Standalone and Network PDC from the main DesignBase menu.
Alternatively, click on the appropriate toolbar button
Verify that the S&N PDC interface appears as indicated in Figure 70. The system is now ready to create
and analyze a standalone network. The detailed procedure will be explained in further sections of this
chapter.
72
3.1.
The Protective Device Library Manager (referred to as PDLM) is a powerful interface that allows the user
to select curves based on a highly organized database. Its use is extremely simple and it can be invoked
directly from a standalone study as it is being conducted. This section will illustrate how to access and
use this application.
The addition of protective device curves can be carried out directly from the PDLM, which is present in
the PDC program interface. This command is not explicitly used in the GUI based PDC (Chapter 2),
because that method makes use of it automatically as a device is added to the coordination path.
To invoke the PDLM, select the Device button (see Figure 70). Add a protective device, by double
clicking on the desired position within the right half-screen of S&N PDC interface. Protective device library
manager will appear next (see Figure 71).
Notice that the protective devices are organized in different folders by category. Lets assume that a
Standard Relay is to be added to the study. To accomplish this:
Click on the + sign to the left of the folder named Relay.
Expand the Standard option by clicking on the + sign.
Select the required manufacturer. In this example, select ABB (refer to Figure 72 for following steps).
Select whether the relay will be used as a Phase or Ground protection device. Select Phase here.
From the list of available relays, select the one that is required for the study. In this example, select
as indicated in Figure 72.
Proceed to complete and fine tune the settings for the selected relay, or use the Auto-Select feature.
Select Search/Save to add the curve to the PDC Study.
The relay curve will be shown within the S&N PDC interface.
If the type name or the curve number is known, the relay can be searched by using the new PDLM search
feature.
73
74
75
3.2.
The protective device coordination utility toolbar allows the user to perform two basic groups of functions:
Group 1.0:
Group 2.0:
Group 1.1
Group 1.0
Group 1.2
Group 2.0
Protective Device
Library Manager
(PDLM)
Group 1.1 tools are further explained in Figure 74. To use these tools, simply select the desired function
and click on the section, node or path of the network to be used. To re-generate the network from any
view, select Regenerate Network.
Group 1.2 tools and group 2.0 tools are explained in Figure 74 and Figure 75.
76
77
Load
Bus
Power Source
Transformer
Cable
78
3.3.
In this section, we will learn how to create a Stand-Alone AC Protective Device Coordination file. The
exercise will be based on the single line diagram shown in the above figure. The system in question
consists of the following components:
AC Fuse:
Transformer:
SS Breaker:
Main Bus:
O/L Relay:
Feeder:
AC Motor:
The sole objective of this tutorial is to learn how to enter the AC devices according to the background
information explained in the previous sections.
79
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
80
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
81
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
82
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
83
Figure 81. Adding the Solid State Circuit Breaker to Standalone PDC Study
84
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
85
86
87
Report showing the tripping times of all the devices in the path of the fault will be displayed. The partial
report is shown in the figure below. Select Done to exit report.
88
89
3.4.
This interface allows the user to address the following scenarios and contingencies:
-
Open old EDSA Technical/DesignBase text based files. Once the files are opened, the user
can conduct a PDC analysis, or modify existing ones attached to the file.
Open EDSA version 2.5 up to 2.95 files. These files can be opened regardless of whether a
graphical file exists or not. Once the files are opened, the user can conduct a PDC
analysis, or modify existing ones attached to the file.
Open EDSA Technical 2005/DesignBase graphical files. If user prefers standalone PDC
engine, user can import entire model into the engine and perform studies within it.
The following example shows how to open an existing DesignBase file with Standalone and Network
Based PDC program and to perform the PDC study on it. The process is illustrated in Figure 87 and it is
performed in the following steps:
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Once the network is displayed on the right half-screen, user should proceed as shown in Figure 88:
Step 5:
Step 6:
Step 7:
Step 8:
Step 9:
The isolated section of the network will be displayed. User can continue to create a PDC study in the
manner explained in Section 3.3.
90
91
92
3.4.1.
In this exercise we will add a ground fault protective device to the study.
To add the ground fault relay to PDC study proceed to perform the following steps:
93
Observe the newly added ground relay curve (see Figure 90). To minimize the clutter and avoid
confusion, the user can select Study Options from the main menu. Next user can decide whether to
display the ground or the phase studies independently. Select Ground Only. The rest of the curves will
disappear from the TCC plot.
94
3.4.2.
The DesignBase PDC interface allows the user to modify the settings of all protective devices, using any
of the three following methods:
Method 1
Method 2
Method 3
Any changes made using methods 2 and 3 are automatically recorded and saved in the devices settingsdatabase for the study under consideration.
This section will illustrate how to use the last two techniques in order to modify or fine-tune settings during
the course of the study. The methods are illustrated in
Figure 91 and Figure 92.
95
Step 1.
Place the mouse on top of the curve, or
section of the curve that is to be modified.
Make sure that a double-ended arrow and
the curve label appear as indicated here.
Step 2.
While holding the left mouse button down,
drag the curve over to the desired
position, and then release. In this case
move the curve over to the left.
Step 3.
The final product is
shown here.
96
Step 1.
Place the mouse on top of the curve, or
section of the curve that is to be
modified. Make sure that a doubleended arrow and the curve label appear
i di t d h
Step 2.
Right-Click using the mouse.
Step 3.
Scroll until the desired Short Time
pickup setting is displayed.
Double-Click on the desired setting.
Step 4.
The final product is
shown here.
Figure 92. Method 3 - Modifying Protective Device Settings Graphically / Using Sub-Menus
97
4.
This tutorial will illustrate how to conduct DC Protective Device Coordination Studies using the
DesignBase PDC program. Before this topic is fully addressed, the following notes should be kept in
mind:
Loads in the DC PDC are specified in Amps, and can be represented as a DC Bus or a DC Load. The
only devices that can be practically considered for DC protection are Fuses and Fixed Magnetic Breakers.
Relays and Solid State Breakers, which rely on current transformers as transducers, cannot be used in
DC applications.
Transition Region
Trip times in this region are not precisely defined, since in there is a transition from a thermal to magnetic
behavior. Depending on the amount of current flowing, tripping can be thermal if there is an intentionally
built-in delay (as shown on the graph), or magnetic if there is no built-in delay. Current flowing through
the circuit breaker activates the electromagnetic element. The magnetic force is proportional to the
square of the instantaneous value of current, rather than the RMS value over some period.
Current on AC trip curves is expressed in terms of RMS values while DC is expressed as an
instantaneous value. This difference is an essential factor in adjusting AC curves to suit DC applications
in this region.
Under AC overcurrent conditions, the circuit breaker armature may chatter, knocking the latch partially off
with each electrical cycle. Under similar DC conditions, the magnetic force must be sufficient to unlatch
with a single forced motion.
Manufacturers will generally provide adjustments to the trip curves in the transition region in the form of
multipliers or redrawn AC trip curves. The effect of these adjustments is to slightly increase the stated AC
magnetic tripping levels when the same circuit breaker is used in DC circuits. Several manufacturers
98
express this difference as a multiplying factor that ranges from 1.1 to 1.4 times the AC tripping value
when the breaker is used in DC applications.
Conclusion:
Adjustment will be made to the AC curve in this region. The user will be required to input
the multiplying factor and the PDC program will adjust the data points.
Instantaneous region
In this region tripping and clearing are instantaneous, with no intentional delay for either AC or DC
applications. Actual clearing times will vary depending on whether the circuit is AC or DC and on the
design of the interruption system of the circuit breaker. However, the maximum total clearing time is
generally expressed as a conservatively long duration on AC tripping curves due of the large number of
other variables, provided that the circuits rise-time is 10 ms or lower. Unless otherwise clarified by the
manufacturer, the AC maximum tripping time will also satisfy DC applications.
Conclusion:
An option will be provided to the user to override the min and max clearing time stated in
the build program.
100
0
100
10
Transition Region
Tim
e in
Sec
ond
s
Instantaneous
.1
.01
.5
10
100
Current in Amperes X 10
1000
10000
Characteristic
8:46:
99
4.1.1.
To account for all of the previously discussed issues, the dialog box for Fixed Magnetic Breakers has
been modified as shown in Figure 94:
100
If rated voltage is applied, the short circuit current will reach 63.2% of rated current in one time constant.
In other words, the time constant gives a measure of how quickly the current in a DC circuit can rise or fall
under transient conditions.
The time constant also provides a measure of
the inductance and resistance in the circuit.
The greater the voltage and the circuit time
constant, the more difficult it becomes to
interrupt the short circuit and extinguish the
arc. This is due to the high levels of energy
stored in the systems inductance.
For a circuit with a given resistance, a large
inductance will result in a slow rate of current
rise. This, in turn, increases the time needed
for the fuse to reach its melting point and
ultimately interrupt the circuit. Circuit with
negligible inductance will have a fast current
rise, which will lead to an opposite effect. As a
rule of thumb, DC circuits operating at rated
voltage and having a time constant less than 5
msec, will have short circuit melting and
clearing characteristics similar to an AC
system.
10000
Adjustment of DC Fuses
Figure 92
Original
Modified
1000
100
10
1
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
Original (AC)
0.1
Modified (DC)
Note:
4.2.1.
To account for all of the previously discussed issues, the dialog box for AC Fuses has been modified as
shown in Figure 96.
When the Adjust Curve for DC Application is selected, the program requests the circuits time constant
in sec. The circuits time constant can be obtained using the DesignBase DC short circuit program. This
information is used to correct the AC fuse curve as explained earlier in this document. This new curve
(corrected data) is placed in a temporary file used for plotting purposes. This temporary curve is neither
saved nor is it used to overwrite the original AC fuse curve in the database. If the Adjust TCC curve for
DC application is left unchecked, then no adjustments are made and the time constant value is not
required.
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102
The sole objective of this tutorial is to learn how to enter the DC devices according to the background
information explained in Sections 4.1 and 4.2.
To invoke Standalone Protective Device Coordination program choose Selection > Standalone and
Network PDC from the main DesignBase menu. Alternatively, click on the appropriate toolbar button
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Once the Load Bus has been added, verify that the buses as well as its TCC curve are shown in the
study. At this point proceed to save the job file as a Stand-Alone PDC file.
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Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
105
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Step 4:
Step 5:
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107
5. PDC Database
In this section we will learn how to create, edit and change protective device curves within the
DesignBase environment. Relays, fuses, and circuit breakers will be covered. You must acquire from the
manufacturer the log-log data sheets, the catalog information, and the interrupting ratings of the device
you want to model. Make sure you determine which values are dependent on other values, such as:
whether the short time pickup of a circuit breaker is a multiple of the sensor tap or the long time pickup.
A.
B.
New interface
New spreadsheet solution for data entry
Capability to import data from Power Analytics new software based digitizer
Simplified number of breakers libraries files. All the DisgnBase3 breaker library files (.Amb, .Fmb,
.Gbk, .Scb, .Dgb) are all combined into one Microsoft access file (.pdclib).
New Digitizer
Linked fixed magnetic and solid state breaker build programs with a new software based digitizer
capable of Opening jpeg & pdf files.
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C.
A new Conversion Routine was implemented in order to help users automatically convert their
existing custom breaker libraries into the new Microsoft Access file format. Please refer to section
5.9 for more details.
Twenty-Point Curves
Most of the curves, or sections of curves, can be entered as Twenty Point Curves. These are twenty
unevenly spaced points representing the curve section. Each point is specified with the coordinates:
Amps and Seconds. Some devices require the points to be a multiple of the Amp Setting. The endpoints
are important. Make sure the points are grouped more closely in areas of the greatest curvature. For
speed and accuracy, DesignBase uses linear interpolation on the points to regenerate the curve. Our
studies have shown that carefully chosen linear interpolation points were more accurate numerically
and visually near to the manufacturers data sheets.
Slopes and Intercepts
For Solid-State breakers, some of the line curve sections are specified with slope-intercept values. Unlike
standard textbook slope-intercept forms, the intercept axis is the Second axis or Current axis. All values
are converted to Log before being used.
Y=m*X+B
X = 1/m *Y+A
DesignBase Program uses the following conventions to handle slope and intercepts:
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The example below illustrates how the conventions previously discussed are used.
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Clearing Curve
A 1
A 2
30
A 11
A 12
30
T 1
1.81
T 2
0.455
T 11
3.22
T 12
0.8
Slope
log
Slope
o =
2.463
log
Intercept
log
Intercept
o = 0.635
A 1
T 1
A 1
log
log
Slope
A 2
T 2
.
o log
T 1
log
A 11
log
Slope
A 12
log
T 11
log
T 12
Slope
c =
2.442
Intercept
log
Intercept
c = 1.24
A 11
Slope
.
c log
T 11
Multiplier Codes
For all breakers, the specification of a section of curve, or device setting, is either an Amp value, or a
multiple of an Amp value, or a multiple of a multiple. Each item that needs a specification, will ask for a
multiplier code to specify what it is a multiple of. The following codes are used:
#
Amp
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Current Setting
Instantaneous Pickup
Interrupt Rating
Ground Pickup
Current Sensor
Frame Size
These codes are very important for the proper replication of curves.
The library files are all located under the program Data folder and can only be opened with their
corresponding build program after there are launched.
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112
Step 1.
To add a new fuse to the library,
select the Add Fuse icon.
Step 2.
Select the Description tab, and
enter the data for the fuse.
Step 3.
Select the Voltage tab, and
enter the voltage, interrupting
ratings and impedance data for
Specify the Time D
Step 4.
Select the Curves tab, and
enter the rating and time current
characteristic of the fuse.
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The newly added fuse is shown on the main interface as indicated below. Use the Display Options
interface to control the Grid Display, Curve Display and Plot Scale Parameters.
To edit the existing fuse, open a fuse library first; in this example we will open ABB file (see Figure 105).
To edit a fuse, select the fuse from the list and either double-click on it, or select the Edit Fuse icon.
To create another fuse curve using interpolation, refer to explanations in Figure 106.
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115
116
117
When new file is named, proceed to complete Manufacturer, Curve Set #, Type, Trip Type, Frame Size,
Amp Sensor, and Max Amp fields as indicated in the below screen-capture. To add component select
Edit > Components and Breaker Info. Here the user needs to define whether this device is a Phase or
Ground fault protection unit. User also needs to define the tripping components that are applicable to the
SSCB being added to the library, Rating, and Plugs. Proceed to enter the data as indicated in Figure 109
and then select OK to accept the selection.
118
Next proceed to click on the red circles of the SSCB Time Current Curve, in order to enter the respective
settings for each section. Follow the procedure shown Figure 110. Once each dialog box is completed,
select OK and proceed with the next one.
119
Figure 110. Long-Time, Short-Time, and Instantaneous Settings of the New SSCB
When entering the different Time Delay sections of a curve, the program offers the following options:
> Per Unit Values:
> Shapes:
120
In turn each of the shapes has its own editor as indicated in Figure 111. This degree of flexibility allows
the user to model even the most complicated custom devices available on the market.
Digitizer
Launch digitizer
Import
To be able to select breakers from the created SSCB library, library needs to be imported to
pdc_devices.pdclib library (see the section about import function).
To add a new breaker in the existing pdc_devices library select manufacturer from pull down box (Figure
112). Scroll down the breaker list and at the end of the list is <New Breaker> field (Figure 113).
Proceed as explained for new SSCB library.
121
122
To edit an existing SSCB user first needs to find that breaker in the Solid State library. To select any
SSCB directly from the database list, proceed as indicated in the Figure 114.
123
Step 1:
Select the settings database
to be changed, by clicking on
the respective red circle.
Step 2:
Make the required changes.
Step 3:
Select OK.
124
125
As soon as the new file is named, proceed to complete Manufacturer, Frame Type, and Curve Set # fields
as indicated in the below screen-capture. To edit curve select Edit > Edit Curve. Proceed to enter the
data as indicated in Figure 118 and then select OK to accept the selection.
To be able to select breakers from the created Fix Magnetic library, library needs to be imported to
pdc_devices.pdclib library (see the section about import function).
126
To add new breaker in existing pdc_devices library select manufacturer from pull down box. At the end of
the breaker list is <New Breaker> field. Proceed as explained for new Fixed Magnetic library.
To edit an existing Fixed Magnetic Breaker user first needs to find that breaker in Fixed Magnetic library.
The way to select an existing Fixed Magnetic Breaker is the same as for SSCB. Once the specific breaker
is selected proceed as indicated in the Figure 119.
127
128
Figure 120 illustrates how to enter a relay curve based on a point-by-point defined curve. The newly
added relay, as well as its respective time-current curve are shown in Figure 121.
Step 2.
Enter the general relay
information as indicated
here.
Step 3.
Specify the Time
information here.
Dial
Step 1.
Select Edit/Add Relay.
Step 4.
Select Enter Curve.
Step 7.
Select Save.
Step 6.
Select OK.
Step 5.
Enter the Time vs. Current characteristic
that corresponds to the time dial specified
above.
129
130
Figure 122 gives the necessary explanation on how to create a formula-based relay. The newly added
formula-based relay, as well as its respective time-current curves, are shown in Figure 123.
131
Figure 124 shows how to interpolate one specific setting located between two existing ones. To view the
interpolated curve select the View Family icon and verify the existence of the newly added time-dial
setting.
132
The program also offers the option of interpolating a group of curves between two existing ones. To
accomplish this, the user must specify a resolution factor which will define how many curves will be
interpolated beween the selected range. In the below screen-capture, 9 curves have been interpolated
between the Time Dials of 9.8 and 9.9. The resolution factor in this case is 0.01.
To view the interpolated curve-set select the View Family icon and verify the existance of newly added
time-dial setting.
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5.7. Digitizer
The Digitizer software is a new feature designed to help users add curves faster to the protective device
library. All Time Delay sections of a curve have Digitizer function that will help select points directly from
the manufacturer curve. Curve can be in pdf or jpeg format. Enter the delay setting and select Curve
Shape. Select Digitizer (Figure 126).
To select a curve, go to the main menu and select File > Open. Proceed as indicated in the Figure 127.
Note:
134
135
Note:
The Import button enables users to add digitized points from the digitizer directly to the Edit Curve
editor. Select Import and then select min and max curve (Figure 129) and select OK. Select OK in the
curve editor to save delay settings.
136
137
138
5.9 Convert DesignBase 3.0 Circuit Breaker Library Files to DesignBase 4.0
To convert breaker libraries from DesignBase 3.0 to DesignBase 4.0 use the Convert Circuit Breakers
feature by clicking on DesignBase > Convert Circuit Breakers (Figure 133).
139
When files are converted, click on Exit. To be able to select converted breakers in PDC import the newly
converted files to the main PDC_DEVICES.PDCLIB library file. Please refer to section 5.8 for more
information.
The following two sections are dedicated to advanced PDC functions: motor and generator decrement
curves
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5.10.1. Motor decrement export function from advanced motor starting to protective device
coordination
DesignBase4 allows the user to run Advanced Motor Starting, to export the time-current curves to
*.csv/Excel, then import the motor time current from *.csv into DesignBase Equipment folder. Once the
data are in the folder, the user can use the curves within the Protective Device Coordination program.
To learn how to do this, first, we will open the file DesignBase4 > Samples > Transient > Loadramp.
Next, we will open Advanced Motor Starting program.
from DesignBase Advanced Motor Starting toolbar. Review the motors parameters and
make sure they are OK. Open the Advanced Motor Starting Option,
shown in Figure 136. Run the motor starting program,
report. Select Report Manager
141
142
143
144
From the main DesignBase menu select Database > Power Source/Withstand. Build Withstand screen
will appear. Select the File > Import From CSV File option. Open the curve generated in the previous
step. Enter the necessary descriptive data as shown in Figure 140.
The curve will be displayed. Make sure that curve appears satisfactory. Save the characteristic in
DesignBase4 > Data folder. Close Build Withstand screen.
Next, start PDC program and proceed to enter the motor data as follows:
Step 1: Click on PDC icon.\
Step 2: Select the motor 10.\
Step 3: Create the new PDC study as explained in Section 2.3.1.\
Step 4: Select the motor and use Insert > Insert Custom Curve; refer back to Figure 11 if needed
Step 5: Go to the Manufacturer field and select the motor imported from Advanced Motor Starting
Step 6: Complete the rest of the data in motor dialog as shown below
Step 7: Click Search. Once the selection has been found click Save
145
146
Once the selection is successfully completed motor curve will be shown in TCC window (see figure
below).
Figure 142. Motor Decrement Curve Imported from the Advanced Motor Starting.
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Proceed to add a new record (see Figure 144). Enter descriptive information. Next click on generator
Decrement button inside the curves tab.
Enter generator kVA rating, voltage in volts, X in Percent, X in Percent, X, Td in seconds, Td in
seconds. Select Excitation Type. The appropriate values are also given in Figure 144. Click calculate
when finished.
Newly created generator withstand / decrement curve is shown in Figure 145.
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149
To inject the curve in PDC study, perform the same steps as in the case of motor decrement curve.
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