Math107

Calculus II

Fall 2007
University of Nebraska-Lincoln

Some Tricks for Integration

Trick

Examples
Z

Expand

(1 + ex ) dx =

Z 

2x + 2 2
x2 + 2x + 1
Z
Z
2x + 2
1
=
dx

2
dx
2
x + 2x + 1
(x + 1)2

2x
dx =
x2 + 2x + 1

Add and Subtract

an Expression

Z
=

1
du 2
u

= ln |u| +

Example 1:

1
1 + 2ex + e2x dx = x + 2ex + e2x + C
2


x
1
+
dx
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
Z
Z
2
1
1
1
=
dx
+
du substitute: u = x + 1
2
x +1
2
u
du = 2xdx


1
1
= tan1 x + ln |u| + C = tan1 x + ln x2 + 1 + C
2
2

1+x
dx =
x2 + 1

Split Fractions

split the fraction

u = x2 + 2x + 1
du = (2x + 2)dx
substitute:
and
v =x+1
dv = dx

1
dv
v2

2
2
+ C = ln x2 + 2x + 1 +
+C
v
x+1

dx =
2x x2

1
p

Z
=

Complete the Square

add and subtract 2

(x2
1

2x + 1)

dx

add and subtract 1 to

complete the square

dx
1 (x 1)2
Z
1
u=x1

du
substitute:
=
du = dx
1 u2
1
1
= sin u + C = sin (x 1) + C
Z
Z
1
1
1
Example 2:

1
dx
=
dx add and subtract 4 to
1
2
2
complete the square
4x 2x + 9
4x 2x + 4 4 + 9
Z
1
=
dx


1 2
2x 2 + 35
4
Z
u = 435 x 135
4
1
=
dx
substitute:

2
du = 435 dx
35
4 x 1
+1
35
35
Z
1
1
1
=
du = tan1 u + C
u2 + 1
35
35


1
= tan1 435 x 135 + C
35

Trick

Examples

Z
Divide Improper
Rational Fractions

x2
dx =
x2 + 1

1
1 2
x +1


dx

long division or
synthetic division

= x tan1 x + C

Z
Trig Identities

Z 


1 1
cos x dx =
+ cos 2x dx
2 2
1
1
= x + sin 2x + C
2
4
2

1
dx =
1 + sin x

Z
Z

=
Z
=
Multiply and Divide

Z 

Z
=
Z
=

half-angle formula:
cos2 = 21 + 12 cos 2

1
1 sin x
multiply and divide by

dx
1 sin x
1 + sin x 1 sin x
1 sin x
expand denominator
dx
1 sin2 x
1 sin x
Pythagoreans Theorem:
dx
cos2 + sin2 = 1
cos2 x
Z
1
sin x
dx
dx split the fraction
2
cos x
cos2 x
Z
sec2 x dx tan x sec x dx

= tan x sec x + C