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Fam Proc 18:213-222, 1979

BOOKS
Paradox and Counterparadox, by Mara Selvini Palazzoli, Gian Franco Cecchin, Guiliana Prata and Luigi Boscola, New
York, London, Jason Aronson, 1978, $10.00.
The authors introduce this book by saying that it represents a research project designed to test the validity of a working
hypothesis derived from models offered by communication theory and cybernetics: essentially, that the behaviors of
members of a family can best be viewed as manifestations of the family as a rule-governed system in which the rules
operate to maintain the homeostasis of the system and, further, that in dysfunctional families such rules are peculiar to the
particular "pathology." However, as the authors begin to apply those general concepts to the schizophrenic family, they
gradually depart from a systems concept to one more consistent with monadic and intrapsychic concepts. Creeping in more
and more explicitly is the view that the family, rather than a system, is a collection of individuals, each motivated by the
same internal and personal striving, principally a hidden and competitive yearningeven an obsessionfor ultimate
control of the family and the relationships within it, a yearning the authors call "hubris." The authors further explain that
such mutual and dysfunctional "hubris" was arrived at by the training each individual got from his or her family of origin
and that, in agreement with Bowen, it takes three generations of such internalized programming to produce a schizophrenic.
("Each of the two has started out with an enormous desire to receive confirmation, a desire learned from their families of
origin where the rendering of approval was equated with weakness ... sustaining a loss of prestige and authority.")
Their theoretical "stance" is also marred by a fuzziness and imprecision of terms or usagesfor example, at some times
using "feedback" in its technical meaning of deviation-amplifying or -reducing, at other times in the current jargonesque
meaning of response; using "disqualification" to convey disagreement, and so forth. (It may be that some of this stems from
errors in translationthe book was originally published in Italian in 1975.)
But the weaknesses in the authors' theoretical statement are more than offset by the descriptions of their technical or
tactical approach to the schizophrenic families, and this description forms the bulk of the book. Ironically, it is when the
authors are describing their operations with the families that they come closest to a systems approach: "For example, if
during a heated argument between her husband and her son, Mrs. Rossi seemed bored and faraway, it was a mistake to
conclude she really was bored, and to discuss and try to discover the reason for that boredom. Instead, we found it more
productive to silently observe the effects of her behavior." Thus, there is an interesting schism in the book between
theoretical rationale and what they actually do, and it is in this latter aspect of the work that Palazzoli and her group are
precise, organized, imaginative, and explicit.
Their overall structure of treatment is designed to enhance a strategic approach. There is a ten-session limit; they utilize a
cotherapy arrangement; they are observed by another team of two therapists with whom they are free to consult during as
well as after sessions; and there is a significant amount of preplanning of sessions. Strangely, while their interventions are
designed to make treatment brief, the sessions are spaced monthly. In part this is necessitated by the distances families must
travel to reach the facility, but a more compelling reason is that it places pressure on the families to cooperate with
intersession assignments given them by the staff. The group refer to their treatment, therefore, as "long-term brief therapy."
However, it is in their particular interventions that the imaginativeness and discipline of their work show up best. A
frequent, almost a generally used, intervention is one the authors call "positive connotation." It is an intervention of
reframing in which the symptoms of the identified patient as well as the family's dealings with the identified patient are
defined as a cooperative venture that serves an understandably beneficent goal, although the goal, at times is often further
defined as an unfortunate state of affairs. With this intervention, the therapists are able neatly to avoid "confronting" the
family and stiffening their resistance. At the same time they are able to adopt the stance, with respect to the family of, "don't
change," a position that paradoxically can powerfully enhance change.
From the first session, Palazzoli and her cotherapists look to assign "homework" to the families, much of which takes the
form of family rituals. Specific and detailed instructions are given to each family member about their roles in the ritual. A
ritual may consist of a series of statements the members are to make to each other at home, statements putting them in more
explicit positions than the covert ones they had been taking. Thus, for the Milan group, the session is principally for
gathering needed information about the family and its problem and for designing intersession assignments rather than as an
insightful or experiential activity for the family.
Each of the basic "moves" and strategies the group uses is described in separate chapters, and I do not believe it would
be appropriate in a review to attempt an exhaustive summary of all of them. The chapters dealing with strategies are
organized in the order in which they are likely to arise at the different stages of treatment. Transcripted portions of sessions,
some more complete than others, exemplify nicely each of the classes of intervention; in these passages the book flows
more smoothly and illuminatingly.
Despite my earlier comments about the authors' theoretical statements, I believe that the work they are doing with

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schizophrenic families offers an effective and comprehensive approach to this difficult problem. It is psychotherapy
demystified, described clearly in a way that the reader can use should he or she have an inclination to try something
refreshingly new.
Richard FISCH, M.D.
Mental Research Institute
Palo Alto, California
Crisis: A Handbook for Systemic Intervention, by Jane Ferber, M.D. and John Schoonbeck, Ph.D., Gardiner, New
York, Institute for Human Studies, 1977, $3.50 (Order by mail from IHS, Box 240, Gardiner, NY, 12525).
To "think systems" is an ideological act, as is ultimately true of any scientific discipline. To think about any given crisis
in terms of context and mutually causative processes, for instance, implies retaining or developing a political view of reality
and actively excluding many traditional tools from the medical fieldsuch as psychiatric diagnoses and all that necessarily
follows from them.
Crisis: A Handbook of Systemic Interventions, a short (64 pages!), off-beat, battlefront manual, is clearly so aligned: " ...
psychoses ask to be healed, while crises ask to be solved. Any problem can be defined medically, socially or politically,
depending on who is doing the defining," and also, "... categorization and diagnosis are generally not useful in crisis work."
(p. 3) Through its pages, the authors spell out a progressive systemic view of brief crisis interventions: ecologically
minded, contextually wise, socially concerned, problem-and outcome- (rather than process-) oriented, intervention- (rather
than interpretation-) prone, fighting, in its practicality, many of the messianic temptations of us mental health professionals.
(This theoretical view is maintained consistently throughout the book, obscured only by a mystifying statement, "What
interventions actually do in a crisis will depend more on the nature of the situation than on their own [therapists'] theoretical
preference or training" (p. 3). We knowand they do toobetter than that: there is no immanent "nature" in any situation,
only points of view.)
The account of the rise, life, and demise of a specific crisis team of which the authors were members leads to an analysis
of its praxis and to strategical recommendations for other teams: be concretein terms of what needs to be done; map the
fieldestablish the locus of the problem in terms of time and space, assessing the system (e.g., the social network)
threatened by the crisis and/or dwelling on the crisis; find the loss or threat of losslosses of some kind being the most
frequent triggers of crisis; find the pieces of the jigsaw puzzledefine which triangles constitute the surrounding familial
or institutional network. They also discuss the establishment of crisis units: "clearly define what your mandate is and who
your clientele will be"; "negotiate for adequate funds to do the job, and (the) proper place in which to do it"; "issue your
freedom to procede as independently as possible"; and, "clear lines of communication with parent organization" (pp. 39-40)
Organizational issues, such as personnel, records, office design, schedules, and maintenance issues, such as peer
supervision, interface with other parts of the larger organization, with their surrounding community and with clients, are all
visited in brief capsules.
The book, which includes several poignant case histories, exudes enthusiasm about the task at hand. And, without
bitterness, the authors warn that crisis teams, going against the grain of the social fabric as they must by the very nature of
their goals, dig their own grave: "Institutions ... usually cannot afford to have effective crisis teams"; "the average life of a
crisis team used to be about two years ... but you can buy a little more time by keeping a low profile (pp. 42-3). In fact, an
effective crisis team denounces through its actions the cracks in the social system and demystifies band-aid attempts at
covering those cracks by institutions. When dealing with such an explosive task, even in the low-impact context of a crisis
team, its members should know that their voice will, sooner or later, irritate, and hence they will be sabotaged, disqualified,
or otherwise gagged or dismissed. This fate, by itself, is not a measure of the failure of the crisis team but, paradoxically, of
its success within a failing society.
For any mental health worker interested in developing or participating in a systems-oriented (is there any other?) crisis
team, this little wise book will by no means suffice. But it should be included, in my view, in the list of mandatory readings.
Carlos E. Sluzki, M.D.
University of California, San Francisco
Sexual Assault of Children and Adolescents, by Ann W. Burgess, Nicholas Groth L. Holstrom and Suzanne Sgroi,
Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1978, $20.00.
Sexual assault of children and adolescents is an urgent social problem, as well as the title of an eye-opening and practical
three-part handbook in which clinical data on the sexual abuse of children are described from the disciplines of psychology,
nursing, sociology, and medicine. The dimensions of this problem are as yet unknown, but the work of these authors
indicates that sexual abuse, ranging from rape to child molestation to incest is a phenomenon that is extremely widespread.
One of the book's prime achievements is that it is written with acute sensitivity and empathy for the target family, the
victim, the offender, and the people who attempt to work with them. The authors have had extensive clinical contact with

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hundreds of victims and offenders; their qualifications could not be better.

In the first three chapters Nicholas Groth provides insight into the psychology of the offender and into those sources of
his social and personal stress that exacerbate his tendency to behave in sexually abusive ways. Groth explains that not all
sexual offenders are alike: the pedophile, the rapist, and the exhibitionist all arrive at sexual deviation through different
psychologies and different social routes.
To be sure, sexual assault is a convoluted social malady that becomes even more complex with each successive effort to
understand its dynamics and possible solutions. In terms of the offenders, Groth has nevertheless made some clarifications.
In part one he disposes of the common myths about the sexual offenders: the stereotype of the sex fiend-pedophile simply
doesn't hold up.
1. The offender is not necessarily an old man. In actuality, 80 per cent of the male offenders who came to his attention
as a prison psychologist had committed their first offense by the age of 30, and approximately 5 per cent had done so
before adolescence.
2. Many people believe that the sex offender is a stranger to the victim, but this was also proven to be untrue: "the
majority of offenders knew their victims at least casually."
3. Contrary to popular belief, the sex offender is not necessarily drug-dependent or alcoholic. Only one third of his
patients could be so classified. Also, the offender is not necessarily feebleminded; there was little evidence of
retardation among the sex offenders that were closely examined.
Along with many practical suggestions for diagnosis, management, treatment, and placement of offenders, the section is
written in a down-to-earth, practical way that can be used by anyone who comes into contact with actual sex offenders.
In part two, "Victims," Burgess, Holstrom and McCausland present and contrast the rape situation, the
"accessory-to-sex" situation, the "sex-stress" situation, and the incest situation. Rape victims include those who have been
forced against their will to submit to sexual abuse. "Accessory-to-sex" victims refer to those who seem to be partisan to and
perpetuators of the sexual relationship, insofar as they submit to the offender without much contest and "agree" to keep the
activity a secret. "Sex-stress" victims are any persons who experience acute anxiety over a sexual encounter such that the
relationship is brought to the attention of the authorities. (For example, a woman may go to a clinic and claim that she was
raped in order to obtain a morning-after pill and curtail a pregnancy that she could never let anyone else know about or
cope with herself. Though the girl may not have been raped, but just involved in a clandestine relationship, her sexual
involvements cause her much stress, which can be worked through with effective individual or family intervention.) Finally,
incest victims are those who have engaged in sexual relations with members of their intrafamilial group network, either
reluctantly or willingly.
Incest is of particular importance for those of us who came into the field of family therapy with psychoanalytically
oriented training. We tend to use that catchy little word "incestuous" to denote the tabooed, and often unconscious,
attraction among family members that leads to a variety of role confusions, blurred boundaries, and pathologies among
several family members simultaneously. For others, incest was an anthropological oddity practiced once upon a time by the
exotic royal families of Hawaii and Egypt. But for Burgess, Groth, Holstrom, and Sgroi, who have spent much of their
careers working with children who have been molested, assaulted, abused, or raped by parents or aquaintances, actual
incest is an everyday reality. Until now, mental health professionals have been reluctant to attribute to parents more than
mild unconscious encouragement of their childrens' sexual overcloseness. Freud, as Schatzman and others have pointed out,
made a similar error. Schreber's father was a sexual sadist, and Dora's family was behaving in sexually inappropriate ways.
Nonetheless, Freud focused on the sexual wishes of these patients while playing down the realities of sexual conduct by
their parents. Mistakenly so, say the authors: parents actively victimize their children to an extent heretofore ignored.
Incest becomes the most potentially traumatic form of sexual abuse because the victim must also endure the fear of a
serious and painful family disruption should the incest be discovered. More specifically, the incest victim (usually female)
is also a victim of divided family loyalty. Though the relationship with her offender (be it her father or brother or
grandfather ...) often contains many positive aspects such as affection, attention, and even new clothes, it may
simultaneously isolate her from her mother and her whole family. The victim usually feels guilty when she is either forced
or tempted to report the offense publicly because she feels she is betraying her family and someone upon whom she is
emotionally dependent. She is damned if she does report her father, damned if she doesn't.
The final section of Sexual Assault of Children and Adolescents is entitled, "Services"; here methods of medical
diagnostic, therapeutic, police, counseling, and legal (court) interventions are extensively outlined and discussed. In these
last seven chapters, the authors give guidance to interviewersboth personal and professional preparationfor the volatile
and demanding examinations of victims. Suzanne Sgroi warns, for example, that "recognition of sexual molestation in a
child is entirely dependent upon the [mental health professional's] inherent willingness to entertain possibilities that the
condition may exist." Sgroi describes in detail the medical examination of the child, including a test for pregnancy and
venereal disease, and she dispels the myth that such an examination is inherently traumatic to a child and can only make
things worse. In addition to the instructive section on how to interview a child victim of sexual assault, there is a detailed
3

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description of play techniques that can be used most productively to encourage a child to talk. These techniques enable the
counselor to assess the child in a general and specific way. To our knowledge, this information is not available anywhere
else.
The last chapter of the book, written by Anna and Henry Giaretto and Suzanne Sgroi, details the Child Sexual Abuse
Treatment Program for incest victims and their families in Santa Clara County, California.
The Giaretto program maintains that incest is as much a problem of the entire family as it is of the victim or the offender
alone. Therefore, the program involves a highly specific treatment format, which includes the use of legal clout to motivate
the family to remain in treatment, because families will rarely initiate treatment or maintain a treatment relationship unless
they know that legal action could be taken against the father. At the same time the program must be rewarding enough to
maintain the family's motivation to improve the underlying situation that led to the incest. Each family member is given
individual therapeutic attention, and the ultimate goal for all is the reintegration of the entire family. Reintegration of the
family is achieved by successive reconnection of therapeutically developed dyads. For example, before the father is allowed
to be therapeutically reunited with his wife or daughter (victim), a mother-daughter relationship will first be established.
Another step the family must take is to assume appropriate responsibility for the situation that underlay the incest (e.g., a
mother might have to admit to her daughter in the presence of the therapist and the father, "Your father and I were being
unkind to each other, and we had forgotten each other's needs. That is why I was not available to either of you when you
needed me, and that is why Daddy turned to you for sex." The father must also admit this.) Among the striking findings in a
six-year period, the Giarettos claim:
1. No recidivism among the more than 600 families who have stayed in treatment until the time of formal termination.
(The dropout rate is not reported.)
2. Very low rate of incarceration of the father, along with an earlier and willing return of the victim child to the family,
rather than a prolonged absence that promotes the child's sense of alienation and guilt.
3. A high level of coordination and cooperation between previously fragmented and competitive social services.
This last point cannot be over-emphasized. One great risk stemming from the national attention given to child sexual
abuse is an upsurge in the demand for the interlocking services of legal, mental health, medical, and community workers.
The demand far exceeds the capacity of the current mental health system to deliver: we do not know yet what negative
effects may occur when unskilled treatment of child sexual abuse is administered.
The authors of this responsibly written and sensitive book have provided us with a guide for service in this area. The
book is also a plea for social liberation and counteracts the ubiquitous pressure to ignore and cover up acts of sexual abuse;
it represents a step toward facing yet another grim reality of twentieth century family life. The fact that parents sometimes
molest and sexually exploit their children seems a tragic fact of our civilization. While child sexual abuse may not be new,
its recognition is new. Sexual Assault of Children and Adolescents is an informative and worthwhile book that is packed
with practical advice for any mental health professional.
STEPHEN BANK, Ph.D.
BETH MASTERMAN
Wesleyan University Middletown, Connecticut
Family Therapy, by John Bell, New York, Aronson, 1974, $20.00.
Family Therapy by John Bell represents the personal chronicle of the career of a major pioneer in the field of family
therapy. It begins with Bell's early work in the fifties with child-focused families and ends with his equally novel and
groundbreaking work in the seventies with families interfacing with medical institutions, clinics, and the community in a
variety of settings around the world. The early chapters discuss in considerable detail Bell's method for dealing with
families who present themselves because of a problem with one child. These chapters, most of which are reprints or slight
modifications of earlier published articles, map out a phase or sequential approach to working with these families, i.e., the
initial interview with both parents alone, the child-centered phase with the whole family, the parent-child-centered phase,
the marital phase, the sibling phase, the family-centered phase, and finally termination. The method described by Bell is one
of the earliest ones developed in the family therapy field, and yet for family therapists and theorists more familiar with the
work of people like Bowen, Minuchin, Boszormenyi-Nagy and Spark, Whitaker, Zuk, Haley, and Satir, Bell's
child-centered emphasis in the early sessions may come somewhat as a surprise. Bell appears to view the job of the
therapist primarily as that of a referee and the family as a social-psychological unit. This can be compared, for example,
with the therapist in the role of coach, theater director, director of an organization, Zen master, storyteller, or catalyst
among others. In these early chapters, Bell capably discusses the role of catharsis, interpretation, age limits, time schedules,
and the economic and cultural background of families in family therapy. Moreover, like other well-known family theorists
Bell points out in these early chapters, first written in the fifties, that the "family is the unit to be treated," that "all members
of the family contribute to the disturbance of one member," and that the primary intent of the therapist is to modify the
structure and functioning of the family as a group.

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Like many theorists, Bell has a prototypical case from which he draws his early observations and ideas. In Bell's case it is
a middle-class Scottish family with a disturbed adolescent seen for eleven sessions in Edinburgh, Scotland, in 1955. Many
skillful and sometimes subtle interventions are discussed in the course of describing this case. The Scottish influence on
Bell's thinking, moreover, extends beyond the use of a Scottish family for the case analysis. The philosophical
underpinnings of Bell's work are heavily influenced by the Scottish philosopher, MacMurray, who wrote such
thought-provoking books as The Self as Agent and Persons in Relation. It was in these books and Bell's personal
interaction with MacMurray that the idea of the "relational perspective" was conveyed to Bell and subsequently to his
students and colleagues.
Bell's long chapter on an "Array of Techniques" (Chapter 3) is interesting and shows much clinical acumen but in my
opinion is not organized in a way that would be most helpful to a beginning or intermediate-level family therapy trainee.
Moreover, some of his recommendations, such as his reluctance to give information or advice or to let the family talk about
extended family members, would probably be considered a controversial point of view in the field today.
In Chapter 4, Bell summarizes four definitions of the family described in the literature(a) ideocentric, (b)
cultural-anthropological, (c) social-psychological, and (d) legaland professes his support for the social-psychological.
I found this discussion valuable, though I think other metaphors for a family exist, such as theatrical, biological, cybernetic,
etc. The rest of Chapter 4 discusses "Advances in Theory." Most of the advances Bell mentions, however, are not
particularly new by now, such as notions of boundaries, polarities, responsibility, symptom-shifting, the child as carrier of
family pathology, role disturbance, nonverbal communications, etc. Finally, in this chapter Bell discusses how the therapist
effects change in the family and what kind of changes can be expected in family therapy, e.g., in communication, roles,
responsibility, bonding, love, and respect.
I found Chapter 5 highly informative. Bell's discussion of the role of action, insight, and intention in families and family
therapy is one of the most cogent and clearest statements I have ever read on the subject. He points out, for example, that
intention changes social action, leading to new social actions, and that insight sometimes leads to new intentions and
frequently follows new actions. Bell also discusses in this section the role of the therapist as a mirror. Chapter 6 maps out
the therapist's intentions and the philosophical underpinnings of Bell's approach, influenced not only by MacMurray but
also by Dewey, James, Mead, Buber, and Pierce.
Part III of the book deals with the role of family theory in relation to child psychopathology, treatment of adult and child
offenders, and marital counseling. Though adequately discussed, these ideas, were, I felt, of more historical interest than
they were new and enlightening. It is in Part IV of the book, however, that John Bell shines forth as an ongoing pioneer not
only in the field of family therapy and theory but also in the field of social and ecological change. It is in these somewhat
difficult to read but rewarding chapters that Bell spells out his perceptions of the future of family therapy, of different modes
of relating to families in therapy, of the interface of the family with the hospital, dentist's office, clinic, and community.
Bell's extensive experience in Africa and his description of his observations there is intriguing and informative and a
catalyst for thinking about the role of the family in medical institutions and health programs in this country. I found his brief
account of his trip to the office of his wife's dental surgeon fascinating, particularly as my wife had a near disastrous
experience in the dentist's office not long after I read that chapter.
For those readers, like me, interested in the early career and familial correlates of pioneers in the family field, it is of
some interest that many years before John Bell, a psychologist, started his clinical work with families in the early fifties, he
had interviewed some 4000 families in western Canadian homes as part of his brief career in Canada in the active ministry.
Bell tells us this as a personal aside in the closing chapters of his book. It is indicative of the rather informal, almost chatty
style of the book.
Overall, I found Family Therapy, an uneven book to read. I took a long time to read it, which is unusual for me, and I
found a few chapters particularly slow going. On the other hand, I was impressed with many chapters, in particular the ones
that broke new ground in the field or reviewed Bell's penetrating and catalytic role in the family field over the last 25 years.

REFERENCES
1.

Friedman, P., "The Multiple Roles of the Integrative Marital Psychotherapist," in P. Sholevar (Ed.) Marriage is a
Family Affair. A Textbook of Marriage and Marital Therapy, New York, Medical Examinations, in press.
PHILIP H. FRIEDMAN, Ph.D.
Family Life and Study Center
Jefferson Health Sciences Center Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania

Sound Sex and the Aging Heart, by Lee D. Scheingold and Nathaniel N. Wagner, New York, Human Science Press,
5

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1974, 168 pp. $7.95 (hardbound).

Sound Sex and the Aging Heart is not just another "how-to-do-it-and-like-it-better" treatise for the sexually frustrated. It
provides a clear understanding of the effects of heart disease on sexual activity and carefully delineates myth from fact. The
book is intended for the interested cardiac patient and his/her spouse as well as the nonmedical professional for whom a
basic understanding of heart disease is important. In addition, the authors examine the effects of aging on sexuality, with a
particular emphasis on confronting various taboos that have been oppressive to older people.
Addressing the cardiac patient and his or her spouse, the authors discuss common fears associated with sex; the relevant
data are reviewed and suggestions given on how to conquer the fears. Through self-monitoring, the patient is encouraged to
discover the types of sexual activity that are safe for his/her heart and fulfilling to both partners. The goal of pleasurable
sexual activity without anxiety is stressed and not specific kinds of sexual performance or end-point release. Data from
Masters and Johnson, as well as studies involving sexual activity following a heart attack, are presented, with encouraging
evidence that sex can be a constructive part of the rehabilitation for cardiac patients. The role of the spouse as well as the
family in the patient's rehabilitation is examined. They are encouraged to communicate frequently with both professionals
and the patient.
Last, sexual behavior outside the marital unit and possible added risk factors are explored.
The authors successfully provide a source of information on sexual activity and heart functioning and reassurance that
resumption of pleasurable sexual activity is not outside the realm of cardiac patients or elderly persons.
C. M. SHISSLAK, Ph.D.
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Save Your Marriage, by Barry Robert Berkey, M.D., Chicago, Nelson-Hall, 1976, 278 pp. $9.95.
I would like to apologize for wasting the reader's time by using 200 words to review a book that is written in a manner
that would insult most people's intelligence. I feel it is important, however, to comment on a book like this if only to warn
potential readers.
This is one more in a growing list of pop psychology books full of easy answers, gross oversimplifications, and
horrifyingly rigid pigeonholing of relationships. Dr. Berkey (known to his patients as "Barry") claims to have the definitive
therapy for marital problems, and the book, complete with testimonial letters from his ex-patients to the "Dear Doctor,"
reads like an advertisement for Dr. Barry Berkey.
Dr. Berkey's revolutionary theory is called "trilateral therapy," a fancy name for a process that hardly seems fancy or
revolutionary. The therapeutic process is made to sound so simple, so effortless, and so enjoyable that one is left wondering
why everyone isn't in therapy and why, when Dr. Berkey's panacea is available, any marriages fail. Indeed, it appears that
Dr. Berkey believes they should not. It never seems to occur to him that perhaps for some couples divorce or separation
might be the most desirable option.
This book is offensive in its false promises, its oversimplification of therapy, its generalizations about relationships and
people, and its condescending tone. Dr. Berkey talks to his readers as if they were 10-year-olds; he has in fact authored
some books for children. Whether or not he is aware of it, in Save Your Marriage, he has written another.
SUSAN CALLOW, MSN
Palo Alto V.A. Hospital

BOOKS RECEIVED
1. Baran, Annette, Baran, Pannor, Baran, Reuben, Baran, Sorosky and Baran, Arthur D., The Adoption Triangle, New
York, Anchor Press/Doubleday, 1978, 256 pp. $8.95.
2. Bemporad, JULES, M.D. and Arieti, Silvano, Severe and Mild Depression: A Therapeutic Approach, New York,
Basic Books, Inc., 1979, 453 pp. $20.00 (cloth).
3. Borgman, Robert D., Ph.D., Social Conflict and Mental Health Services. Illinois, Charles C. Thomas, 1978, 339 pp.
paper, price not set.
4. Bourne, Richard and Newberger, Eli H., Critical Perspectives on Child Abuse, Lexington, Lexington Books, 1979,
227 pp. $17.00.
5. Brown, Bruce and Strauss, Murray A., Family Measurement Techniques: Abstract of Published Instruments,
1935-1974, Minneapolis, University of Minnesota Press, 1978, 668 pp. $28.50.

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6. Committee on Adolescence. Power and Authority in Adolescence: The Origins and Resolutions of
Intergenerational Conflict, New York, Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, 1978, 275 pp. no price given.
7. Elkind, David, The Child and Society, New York, Oxford University Press, 1979, 304 pp. $10.00 (cloth).
8. Hareven, Tamara K. and Vinovskis, Maris A., Family and Population in Nineteenth-Century America, New Jersey,
Princeton University Press, 1978, 251 pp. $25.00 (cloth).
9. Katchadourian, Herant, Human Sexuality: Sense and Nonsense, W. W. Norton, 1979, $3.95.
10. Leites, Nathan, Interpreting Transference, New York, W. W. Norton, 1979, 160 pp. $10.95.
11. Meiselman, Karen C., Incest, San Francisco, Jossey-Bass Inc., 1978, 366 text ed pp. price not set.
12. Perez, Joseph F., The Family Roots of Adolescent Delinquency, New York, Van Norstrand Reinhold Co., 1978, 231
text ed pp. price not set.
13. Pumroy, Donald K. and Pumroy, Shirley S., Modern Childrearing: A Behavioral Approach, Chicago, Nelson-Hall,
1978, 148 text ed pp. $13.95.
14. Rueveni, Uri, Networking Families in Crisis, New York, Human Sciences Press, 1979, 162 pp. $14.95.
15. Scanzoni, John, Sex Roles, Women's Work, and Marital Conflict, Lexington, Mass., Lexington Books, 1978, 177
pp. $16.50.
16. Sell, Kenneth D. and Sell, Betty H., Divorce in the United States, Canada and Great Britain, Detroit, Gale
Research Co., 1978, 298 pp. $22.00.