Bernoulli Equation

It is customary to express the energy contained in a fluid in terms of the potential ene
this convention, Bernoulli's theorem breaks down the total energy at a point in terms o
1.
2.
3.

The head due to its elevation above an arbitrary datum of zero potential energ
A pressure head due to the potential energy contained in the pressure in the f
A velocity head due to the kinetic energy contained within the fluid

Assuming that no energy is added to the fluid by a pump or compressor, and that the
energy requires that the energy at point "2" in the piping system downstream of point
change in elevation. Thus, Bernoulli's theorem may be written:

Or

where:
Z = elevation head, ft
P = pressure, psi
p = density, lb/ft3
V = velocity, ft/sec
g = gravitation constant
HL = friction head loss, ft
Darcy's Equation

This equation, which is also sometimes called the Weisbach equation or the Darcy-W
completely filled, circular cross section pipe is proportional to the velocity head and th
written:

where:
L= length of pipe, ft
D = pipe diameter, ft

f = factor of proportionality

Equations 1 and 2 can be used to calculate the pressure at any point in a piping syste
other point. Conversely, if the pressure, pipe diameter, and elevations are known at tw
In most production facility piping systems the head differences due to elevation and v
can be reduced to:

where P = loss in pressure between points 1 and 2, in psi