1. M.E Lubrication system drawing showing how bearings are lubricated.

a. The above sketch shows the method of conveying L.O to M/E con-rod top end, Bottom
end & main bearings.
b. The Main L.O.P/p draws oil from the Sump and discharges via filters & coolers to the two
manifold pipes.
c. From, the lower manifold pipe, connections are taken to deliver oil to each main bearing
upper half, thrust block, chain drive.
d. From the upper manifold pipe, oil is supplied to each X-head via a telescopic pipe
arrangement.
e. The oil entering the X-head is branched off in several directions to supply L.O to the XHead or top-end bearing upper half.
2. Explain starting system of Aux Engine.
3. Advantages of Hydraulically operated exhaust valve.
a. Smooth Operation
b. Equal wear in each area of exhaust v/v.
4. Piston rod stuffing box purpose.
It acts as a gland between the Scavenge space & Crankcase so as no object or L.O gets
intermixed.
5. Securities for crankcase explosion.
a. Oil Mist Detector Alarm.
b. Crankcase Relief door
c. Crankcase Breather
d. Bearing Oil temperature alarm.
6. What to do if Oil Mist detector alarm initiated.
a. Accept the alarm.
b. Slow down the engine.
c. Inform Bridge & C/E.
d. Press Engineers alarm.
e. Check whether the alarm is true or not, by resetting. If alarm comes again, that confirms its
surety.
f. Start the stand by L.O P/p i.e increase lubrication.
g. Stop the engine as you get permission from bridge.
h. Open indicator cock.

i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.

Engage turning gear & turn the engine using turning gear, so as to avoid stucking of
piston.
Let the L.O. P/p running.
Get the fire extinguishers ready.
Make sure no one is standing behind the c/case relief door.
Wait, until the alarm goes off.
Stop the L.O. P/p.
By hand feel, whether C/case has cooled down.
Now, open the C/case door taking door as a shield.
Ventilate the C/case using blower.
Go inside the C/case; make sure no naked lamp taken inside, boiler suit free of dust & oil,
and no object in the pocket.
Check where the hot spot occurred.
Repair that part.
Now, start the L.O P/p and check flow of oil to all parts.

7. What to do in case of scavenge fire?

a. Accept the alarm.
b. Inform Bridge & Chief Engineers.
c. Press Engineers alarm
d. Slow down the engine.
e. Increase the Cyl. Oil Lubrication.
f. Wait for the exhaust temperature to comedown.
g. If exhaust temperature not coming down, then take permission from bridge to stop the
engine.
h. Open indicator cock and engage the turning gear, to piston getting jammed.
i. Now, use the fixed fire system attached for fighting fire in Scavenge space.
8. Bearing clearances of Main Engine- how to check?
a. Method 1.
i. After removing the bearing top cover and shell, a special Bridge gauge is placed.
ii. The clearance is taken by placing a feeler gauge between the bridge gauge & the
journal.
9. Safety devices on Main Engine?
a. Cylinder relief valve.
b. Crankcase relief valve.
c. Scavenge space relief v/v.
d. Fuel p/p relief v/v.
e. Starting air relief v/v.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.

Turning gear interlock.

Automatic shutdown of engine due to low L.O. Pressure.
Automatic shutdown of engine due to High/low temp. in various system.
Shutdown of engine from the bridge should the communication with E/room fail.
Overspeed Trip
Oil Mist Detector
Crankcase breather
Bearing oil high temp. alarm.
Scavenge space high temp. alarm
Automatic Starting Air V/v.
Blower interlock.
Flame arrester.
Bursting disc.

10. Safety in boiler gauge glass.

Non-return ball cock is provided at the water side of gauge glass.

11. How to blow through boiler gauge glass.

12. Reasons for Boiler Blow back and what to do in case of boiler blow back.
13. Setting of safety valve. What provision on safety valve to avoid tempering of setting?
14. Accumulation of pressure test on boiler why and how done.
15. How to blow down boiler.
16. Why boiler not blown down to bilges.
17. What tests carried out on Boiler water? Normal values?
18. Oil returning with condensate. Indications? What to do?
19. What to do if oil goes to boiler?
20. Explain the refrigeration system? How does it maintain different temps in different rooms
automatically?
21. Cut outs of fridge compressor.
22. Reasons for HP cut out.
23. What will happen if you start fridge comp with discharge v/v shut?
a. The relief valve attached in the discharge side of compressor will lift & the refrigerant will
re-circulate to the suction side.
24. What is short cycling? Causes?
25. How to check Bumping clearance of air compressor and adjust.
26. Safeties on an air compressor.
27. What is provided to save water side?
28. Characteristics of a centrifugal p/p
29. Why centrifugal p/p does not have relief valve.
30. How to select gravity disc of purifier if do not have chart
31. What are specifications of Boiler/generator and Main engine on your ship.
32. Causes of turbocharger surging? What to do?
33. Lift of fuel valve.
34. Purpose of hunting gear.
35. Why to blow down boiler?
36. What will you for uptake fire?
37. Contents of Boiler flue gas
38. Safematic design in steering
39. Difference between two and four stroke Engines
40. Effect of Moisture and Air in refrigeration system
41. Desirable properties of refrigeration oil.
42. Difference between Mineral and Synthetic oils
43. What is volumetric efficiency of Compressor?
44. How you determine Engine power.
45. Draw cards for early and late injection
46. What will happen if ref compressor is undercharged or Overcharged?
47. In an air compressor what will happen if the Suction valves leaky or discharge valves leaky?
48. What is setting of Boiler safety valve?
49. How you test boiler alarms and trips?
50. How is pressure testing of Boiler done?
51. What is difference between pressure gauges of air compressor and fridge compressor?
52. Is there difference between Lube oil pressure of Fridge compressor and air compressor?
53. Safety device on Fridge compressor.
54. What is function of TEV in fridge compressor?
55. Procedure for collection of Lube oil sampling?
56. Why intercoolers/after coolers used on air compressor?
57. Why use multistage compressors?
58. Working of oil mist detector?
59. 2 stroke and 4 stroke timing diagram?
60. Why two springs in aux engine inlet exhaust valves?
61. Why do you blow through engine before start?
62. What is difference between aux engine and main Engine Governors?
63. What was specific fuel consumption of your last ship?

64. How will you know without opening anything that it is two strokes or 4 strokes Engine?
65. Why LO of different TBN used For ME Cylinder oil and crankcase oil?
66. How to calibrate Oxygen Analyzer?
67. Parts of Cross Head?
68. How lubrication is achieved in cross-head?
69. Power calculation for Main Engine?
70.
Draw PV Curve for Otto cycle, Diesel cycle, Carnot Cycle?
72. How to calculate intermediate stage pressure in multi stage compressor?
73. Where piston palm will be connected?
74. Material of fusible plug?
75.Clearences in cross head n their values
76.Types of threads
77.Types of taps and dyes.
78. What are the differences between INDICATED PRESSURE, MAX. PRESSURE, MEAN EFF.
PRESSURE.
HOW THEY CAN BE FOUND?
79. WHY WE DONT TAKE INDICATOR DIAGRAMS FOR 4 STROKE ENGINES?
80. When we take sounding of a tank, its volume is calculated by its manual so my question is what is the
name of this manual? if it has name?
81. What is the use of Flux in welding electrode?
82. Why belt is used to drive refrigeration compressor by motor? Why coupling is not used?
83. What is the function of wear ring?
84. Why friction clutch used in purifier?
85. Why boiler water tests are carried out?
86. Safety devices in the air starting line from air bottle to main engine?
87. How to gauge condition/efficiency of Cyl. Lubrication?
88. Various fittings of boiler?

Electrical Q & A
1. What is special about steering gear safety.
It has got overload alarm at 150% and short circuit trip.
2. Maintenance of alternator what all to do.
(a) Clean the felt/ air filters.
(b) Remove dust/ dirt from the rotor.
(c) Clean the connections and put some petroleum jelly.
(d) Check the air gap with the plastic feeler gauge.
(e) Check the lub oil level in bearing.
(f) Insulation resistance to take with megger.
(g) Check condition of winding.
(h) Carry out continuity test.
3. Purpose of air gap and how checked.
To avoid the mechanical contact between the stator & rotor and to determine the condition of the
bearing. Measured with the help of feeler gauge.
4. Trips on air circuit breaker with values
5. conditions for paralleling alternators
(a) Frequency
(b) Phase
(c) Voltage

6. How to parallel alternators

There are three methods of Paralleling alternators:(i) Dark lamp method
(ii) Bright lamp Method
(iii) Synchorscope
7. Why megger is used to test insulation and not multi meter
Megger is used to test insulation because it has higher range say up to 500V.
8. Suppose a motor is not starting what checks u will make
Electrical Checks:
a. Check the connections.
b. Check, if has tripped, then reset and try to start.
c. Check supply is coming from MSB or not.
d. Check single-phasing has not occurred.
Mechanical:
Check the coupling between the motor and driven part is not too tight.
9. Suppose a motor is running hot what checks.
1. Single-phasing
2. Fan is working or not.
3. Overload is occurring.
4. Check condition of bearing.
10. Why insulation resistance checked and how?
A measurement of the insulation resistance gives the best guide to the state of health of the
electrical equipment.
1. Disconnect the electrical supply.
2. Refer to the electrical circuit & manufacturers instruction before testing.
3. Measure the insulation of the windings to the earth and as soon as possible when the machine is
just hot after it has stopped. The minimum value should be
4. 1 M.
11. Why motor insulation deteriorates
1. Moisture results in decrease in the measured value of insulation resistance.
2. Dust & dirt deposits reduces insulation resistance & failure of insulation due to oxidation.
3. Oil & Grease prevents heat dissipation & causes dirt and dust to settle on the insulation.
4. Ageing over the period of time the insulation deteriorates due to it getting affected by
temperature variation, mechanical stresses, vibrations, moisture and some varnish tend to
become hard with age & crack during the operation.
5. Temperature Excessive temperature dehydrates and oxidizes the insulation, making it brittle &
disintegrate under vibration & shock.
12. If water goes to motor what you do.
1) Disconnect the electrical supply.
2) Put MEN AT WORK tag.
3) Remove the coupling bolts.
4) Now, lift the motor using lifting gear & put it on a clean place.
5) remove the cover & fan.
6) Take out bearing & the shaft.
7) The salt contamination must be removed by thoroughly washing with clean fresh water
(preferably warm) or if possible , distilled water.
8) De-greasants must be used if it is found that there was ingress of oil.
9) Spirits or alcohol may be used to clean contacts.
10) Dry the motor with dry air & then switch on its heaters or use powerful lamps. During this process
, keep its inspection covers open to permits moisture to escape.
11) Put the varnish on the winding & let it dry.

12) Check the insulation resistance. If it is ok then assemble it back & put it for use.
13) The motor must be started on less load & its current monitored for few hours to confirm its
satisfactory operation.
13. How do you test that Megger is working Ok
14. What are portable electrical testing instruments used in ER
a. Clampmeter
b. Megger
c. Multimeter
d. Tester

15. What is harm if reverse power flow?

Motoring effect will take place & can damage the prime mover.
16. Why preferential trip provided Purpose?
Preferential trip is provided to safe guard the machineries which are important for safety of ship &
safety of personnel onboard.
Preferential trips are designed to disconnect the non-essential services i.e., Breakers controlling Air
Conditioning, Galley power, blowers, refrigeration) in the event of partial overload or partial failure of the
supply, with the aim of preventing operation of the main breaker trip & loss of power to essential services.
17. How do you test emergency generator?
a. Regular or weekly testing of the emergency generator should include simulation of the loss of
normal power.
b. The start up equipment may be provide a push button to interrupt the normal voltage supply to
the panel which then triggers the start sequence.
c. Loss of main power supply can easily be simulated by pulling a fuse in the auto-start panel
which supplies the under voltage or under frequency relay.
d. This no load running checks should, when practicable, be supplemented occasionally by a
proper load test. This requires the disconnection of the normal mains power while the emergency
generator is loaded upto near its rated value.
18. How do you check press and temp alarms. What equipment used for same
19. If you get earth fault alarm what you do?
a. Accept the alarm.
b. First of start isolate the breakers one by one.
c. Then, check where the alarm has came & should be eliminated when located.
d. Damaged conductor insulation must be repaired.
e. Dampness or moisture in insulation must be dried out by gentle heat & precautions should be taken
to prevent future ingress of moisture.
f. If dirt is the cause, then a thorough cleaning with electro cleaner solvent should be applied & clean.
20. If on starting Generator you find that voltage is not building up what you do?
Residual magnetism is lost. So supply power from outside by connecting battery.
21. What equipment emergency generator supplies.
(a) For a period of 3 Hrs at Emergency lighting at every muster & embarkation station.
(b) For a period of 18 hrs at:(i)
In all service & accommodation alleyways, stairways & exits, personal lift cars &
personnel lift trunks.
(ii)
In the machinery spaces & main generating stations including their control
positions.
(iii)
In all control stations, machinery control rooms, and at each main & emergency
switchboard.

(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(vii)
(viii)
(ix)
(x)
(xi)
(xii)

At all stowage positions.

At the steering gear.
At the fire pump & in all cargo pump rooms.
The navigational lights.
VHF & MF Radio installation.
The ship earth radio station.
At all internal communication equipment
The fire detection & fire alarm system.
Intermittent operation of the daylight signalling lamp & all integral signals that are
required in an emergency.

22. What is diff between AC and DC?

The difference between AC and DC is that AC is an alternating current (the amount of
electrons) that flows in both directions and DC is direct current that flows in only one
direction;
The wires outside of our house are connected at two ends to AC generators. DC is found in
batteries and solar cells.
alternating current varies with time, sinusoidally... where as DC remains steady.

23. What is rms value?

The RMS value of an alternating current is also known as its heating value, as it is a voltage which is
equivalent to the direct current value that would be required to get the same heating effect.
24. What maintenance carried out on Lead acid batteries.
a. Connection to be checked for tightness.
b. Casing surface to be kept clean.
c. Terminals are protected with petroleum jelly or Vaseline.
d. Specific gravity to be check with hydrometer.
1.21 Charged Condition
1.18 Discharged Condition
e. Batteries to be topped up with distilled water.
f. Check & clear vents to ensure H2 gas produced is vented
Safeties to be observed while operation & maintenance.
i. Use hand gloves & safety goggles while adding distilled water, shifting of battery, or checking
sp. Gravity.
ii. Use insulated spanners to tighten terminals (No Sparking, short-circuiting should take place)
iii. Use plastic bottle or jar to add distilled water.
iv. Should not be left in discharged condition for long period.
v. If adding acid, then first put little Acid, then add water & do the same process.
vi. No naked lights to be taken inside.
vii. No smoking inside battery room.
25. What precautions you will take before entering battery room.
a.Inform the bridge & the engine control room
b.Check the oxygen content.
c. Should be ventilated properly.

d. All PPE to be donned properly & rubber hand gloves to be used.

e. No Naked lamps to be taken inside.
f. .

26. What is meaning of power factor. What is best value. What is normal value onboard. How do you
improve?
Power Factor :- The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real
power flowing to the load to the apparent power and is a dimensionless number between 0 and 1
The best value is 0.85. The normal value onboard varies in between 0.8 to 0.9.
Power factor can be improved by connecting a Capacitor in parallel.
27. What is meaning of saying current and voltages are in phase
28.What happens to resistance of conductor when temp rises.
Resistance is directly proportional to temperature.
So, resistance will increase if temperature rises.
29. Types of starters in ERoom
a. DOL (Direct On-Line)
b. Star-delta
c. Auto-transformer.
d. Face plate starter
30. Types of Motors in Eroom
a. Induction Motor.
b. Synchronous Speed Motor.
c. DC Motor.
d. Shunt motor
e. Series Motor
31. How do you check continuity.
By using the multimeter, continuity is checked. Continuity is checked between the earth & the motor
connection.
32. Meaning of open and short circuit. How checked.
33. Voltage generated in megger.
500 V.
34. What is explosion proof equipment?
It is an equipment:
(a) Having an enclosure capable of withstanding an explosion within it of a specified flammable gas or
vapor & preventing the ignition of the specified flammable gas or vapor in the atmosphere
surrounding the enclosures by the sparks, flashes or explosion of the gas or vapor within.
(b) That operates at such an external temperature that a surrounding flammable atmosphere will not be
ignited.
35. What precautions to take while using megger ion circuits containing Electronic components.
36. What precautions to take before starting a work on electric equipment?
a. Do get to know the electrical circuit or system.
b. Rubber gloves, insulated tools to be used.
c. Portable lamp, if used should be fully insulated without metal guards.
d. Precautions must be observed to isolate and lock off the apparatus. Where, fuses are there,
these should also be removed.

e. Before commencing work, it should be confirmed that the system is dead using live line tester.
f. Men at Work signboard to be put.

37. how does tube light work.

38,. Trips on Electric Motor.
Short Circuit trip.
Overload trip.
Reverse power trip.
Reverse current trip
Fuse
39. Overhaul of an Electric Motor.
a. Disconnect the electric circuit.
b. Isolate the system.
c. Remove the fuse & check the electric supply is not coming.
d. Put MEN at Work tag.
e. Remove the coupling bolts.
f. Lift the motor with the help of lifting gear.
g. Open the end cover & remove the fan and clean the fan.
h. Remove the bearing and renew it.
i. Check the condition of winding visually & check the insulation resistance by using megger.
h. If low, then apply varnish on it & dry it with gentle heat.
i. Check the continuity.
j. Assemble the motor.
k. Before putting it into operation, check the load being taken & any noise coming from it.

40. Purpose of AVR

AVR :- Automatic Voltage Regulator
The AVR is used as an exciter. The purpose of AVR is to maintain terminal voltage of an alternator constant
on load.

41. What is shaft generator

42 how does air compressor start stop automatically
There is a pressure switch provided which is having a bellow inside which increases & decreases
in its size if the pressure rises to reqd. to start the compressor .
43 Main switchboard safeties.
a. Ebonite Rod.
b. Rubber pad infront of switchboard.
c. Dead-front type switchboard.
d. 0.6 meter gap behind the switchboard.
e. Fuse
f. Circuit Breakers.
g. Earth Fault indicators.
h. Panel doors are earthed.
i. No water, steam or oil pipelines to pass in its vicinity.
j. Undervoltage Relay
k. Reverse Power trip.
l. Preferential trip.
m. Overcurrent trip
n. Arc Chute
o. Short-circuit trip.

44. Precautions while connecting shore power?

a. Check terminal box cover screws/nuts to remove(Find out location), lightly greased & ease up.

45 Why load picked by crane does not fall if power goes off
Because Electro-magnetic brakes get operated.
46. How electricity is generated.
47.Maintenance on Alternator?
a. Ventilation passages & air filters to clean.
b. Insulation resistance to check for Stator, rotor winding. If low, then varnish to be done
c. Air gap to check using plastic feeler gauge.
d. Bearing oil to be renewed.
e. Use vaccum cleaner to remove dirt/ dust.
f. Terminal box cover gasket integrity to check.
g. Terminal connections to check for tightness.
h. AVR components, diodes to keep free from oil, moisture or any dirt.
i. Heaters to be checked.
48. What is the function of Diode?
The function of a diode is to allow current in one direction and to block current in the opposite
direction.
48. How to carry out Open Circuit & Short circuit test?
Open Circuit Test: The purpose of this test is to determine no load loss or core loss.
One winding of the transformer, usually high voltage side if left open and the other is connected to its
supply of normal voltage and frequency. A wattmeter, voltmeter and the ammeter are connected in the
low voltage winding.
With the normal voltage applied to the low voltage side, normal flux will be set up in the core, hence
normal iron losses will occur which are recorded by the Wattmeter.
The load current on the low voltage winding will be small(2 to 5 % of rated full load current ), the
copper loss in the winding will be negligible and will be nil in the high voltage side winding..
So, the wattmeter reading will represent practically the core loss under no load condition.
Short-Circuit Test: This is also known as Impedance test.
In this test, the low voltage winding is short circuited by using a thick conductor (or Ammeter, which
serves additional purpose of Indicating Rated load current).
A low voltage at correct frequency is applied to the primary and is cautiously increased till full load current
is flowing the high voltage side.
In this test, the applied voltage is small percentage of its rated value, hence flux produced is small with
the result that iron losses will be negligible and the Wattmeter reading will represent the full load Cu-loss.
49. Suppose your motor has short-circuited, then how much value will you get on Megger.
51. An example of each.
- Where does magnetic field cuts the conductor?
-where does conductor cuts the magnetic field?
52. How is signal transmitted from Navigational bridge to steering gear?
53. How is the load decided on AC Compressor & how does it works?
54. What is Open-circuit & short-circuit in a control unit ?
55. Safeties in motor?
a. Fuse

10

b. Overload trip
c. Short-circuit trip
d. Reverse power relay

56. Working principle of Explosimeter?

An explosimeter is a device which is used to measure the amount of combustible gases present in a
sample. When a percentage of the lower explosive limit (LEL) of an atmosphere is exceeded, an alarm
signal on the instrument is activated. "Explosimeter"
The device, also called a combustible gas detector, operates on the principle of resistance proportional to
heata wire is heated, and a sample of the gas is introduced to the hot wire. Combustible gases burn in
the presence of the hot wire, thus increasing the resistance and disturbing a Wheatstone bridge, which
gives the reading.
A flashback arrestor is installed in the device to avoid the explosimeter igniting the sample external to the
device.
The combustible gas indicator shown diagrammatically above consists of a Wheatstone bridge with
current supplied from a battery. When the bridge resistances are balanced, no current flows through the
galvanometer. One resistance is a hot filament in a combustion chamber. An aspirator bulb and flexible
tube are used to draw a gas sample into the chamber. The gas will burn in the presence of the red hot
filament causing the temperature of the filament to rise. Rise of temperature increases the resistance of
the filament and this change of filament unbalances the bridge. The current flow registers on the meter
which is scaled in percentage of LFL or ppm.

57. Safeties and precautions on portable electrical equipments?

58. what is the routine maintenance on the starter of main air compressor which is of automatic start stop
type?
59. How to test a fuse? -apart from multimeter.

60. Types of Fuses & diagram?

11

a. Catridge Type.
b. HRC(High Rupturing Capacity)

61. Which is the largest induction motor used onboard?

Alternator
62. Which current is coming out from Alternator?
63. How will know proper working of Megger?
64. Types of Switchboard?
a. Open Type
b. Dead front type.
65. Whats the use of apparent power(kva) & reactive power(kvar)??????
Apparent power consists of active and reactive power. Active power is the share of the apparent
power which transmits energy from the source (generator) to the user. Reactive power is the share
of the apparent power which represents a useless oscillation of energy from the source to the user
and back again

66. What is a Thyristor?

67. Maintenance carried out in Stator.
68. Why Star-Delta starters are used?
69. What all testing equipment is used for testing an electric motor?
70. Basic meaning of Intrinsically safe motor?
An intrinsically safe circuit is one that is designed for a power so low that any spark or thermal effect
produced by it whether there is fault or not, is incapable of igniting the surrounding gas or vapor.

71. Difference between Intrisically safe & Explosion proof?

An intrinsically safe circuit is one that is designed for a power so low that any spark or thermal effect
produced by it whether there is fault or not, is incapable of igniting the surrounding gas or vapor.
Explosion proof :72.Circuit diagram of Megger?
73.What is the function of Commutator?
74.What is the supply given to shipboard general alarm.
24 Volt DC.
75. Maintenance on switchboard?
a. Check contacts of Circuit breaker for damage & dirt.
b. Cleaning of contact using electro-cleaner.
c. Interlocks fitted to check for proper functioning.
72. How to make sure motor is in good condition?
While Running
a. No noise

12

b. No vibrations
c. Motor frame temperature normal.
d. Current drawn by the motor is normal.
e. No dirt or dust or no corrosion on fins.
f. Drawing rated current.
During Stop condition.
a. Isloate the system
b. Dismantle the parts
c. Check condition of internal parts, like bearing, fan.
d. No damage to rotor, stator.
e. Insulation resistance to check.
f. No signs of overheating should be there.
While starting
a. Developing correct torque & high starting current.
b. Coming back to its normal rated current in designated time.
76. Draw star, delta 3 phase connections?
77. What are various portable electrical equipment used?
a. Megger
b. Multimeter
c. Clampmeter
d. Live line tester.

78. what is the difference between KW and KVA?

KW means that it is the power deliverd to the load. where
as the kva is the power can be meet the load demand. so
that kva is not with respect to load.

1. Description of camber, sheer, tumble home, Rise of floor by sketch

Camber:-The transverse curvature of the deck from the centerline down to the sides. This camber
is used on exposed deck to drive water to the sides of the ship.
Sheer:- The curvature of the deck in a fore & aft directions, rising from midship to the maximum at
the ends. It makes a ship more seaworthy by raising the deck at the fore & after ends further from
the water and by reducing the volume of water coming on the deck.
Tumble Home:- In some ships, the midship side shell in the region of the upper deck is curved
slightly towards the centre line, thus reducing the width of the upper deck & decks above.
Rise of Floor:- The bottom shell of ship is sometimes sloped up from the keel to the bilge to
facilitate drainage. The rise of floor is very small.
2. What is freeboard and reserve buoyancy ?
Freeboard:-It is the distance from the waterline to the top of the deck plating at the side of the
deck amidships.
Reserve Buoyancy:- It is the potential buoyancy of a ship and depends upon the intact,
watertight volume above the waterline.
When a mass is added to ship, or buoyancy is lost due to bilging, the reserve buoyancy is
converted into buoyancy by increasing the draught. If the loss in bupyancy exceeds the reserve
buoyancy the V/L will sink.
3. why tankers have less freeboard
The openings in the tankers are small than of other ship & also the permeability is more.
4. what do u mean by stability of ship. How a stable ship returns to upright posn if heeled by external
force.

13

STABILITY OF SHIP: The tendency of ship to come back to its upright position when healed by
external force is defined as the stability of the ship.
When a ship is healed the centre of buoyancy shifts, this forms a righting lever . thus the wt. of the
ship
5. what is tender and stiff ship.
Tender Ship:- The ship with a small Metacentric height has a small righting lever at any angle &
will roll easily is said to be tender ship. In tender ship, In it the centre of gravity lies below the
transverse metacentre. The GM is more than GZ. & these kind of ship are more stable.
Stiff Ship:- The ship with a large Metacentric height has a large righting lever at any angle & has
considerable resistance to rolling. A stiff ship is very uncomfortable. In it the Centre of Gravity lies
above the transverse metacentre.
6. What is free surface effect. How knowledge of free surface effect will be useful. How it is reduced
constructionally.
Free Surface Effect:- When a tank of liquid is partially filled & the mass of liquid is moved. This
movement affects the Metacentric height. This is called free surface effect.
If free surface effects becomes more, then ship may Capsize.

7. Collision bulkhead purpose and location.

Purpose:

Avoids flooding of ship in case of damage to bows.

Location

Location is such that it is not so much forward as to get damaged on impact , Neither it
should be too far aft so that compartment flooded forward causes extensive trim by head.
As a rule located at minimum distance to get maximum space for cargo.

Minimum at 1/20 of ships length from forward perpendicular

The collision bulkhead is continuous to upper most continuous deck

The collision bulkhead is 20% stronger than other bulkheads

Collision bulkhead is 5 to 8 percent of ships length from forward.

8. types of bulkheads. Use of corrugated bulkhead. Sketch same

a. Flat Bulkhead
b. Corrugated Bulkhead
c. Longitudinal Bulkhead
d. Transverse Bulkhead.
e. Watertight Bulkhead
f. Non-Watertight Bulkhead
g. Fire Class A Bulkhead
h. Fire Class B Bulkhead
i. Fire Class C Bulkhead
j. Collision Bulkhead.
k. insulated bulkhead
Corrugated Bulkhead:9. Methods of reducing rolling. Sketch of attachment of bilge keel. What ensures ship side will not be
damaged if bilge keel suffers a damage.
Various Methods of Reducing Rolling are:a. Fin stabliser

14

b. Bilge keel
10. How much length bilge keel extends to.
It is half of the length of the ship. Starting from midship to fore & aft equally distanced.
11. Mid ship section of bulk carrier and tanker.
12. What is margin line.
Margin Line:- It is the imaginary line which is drawn 75mm below the uppermost continuous
deck. It Denotes the limit, upto which can be flooded/ loaded without sinking.
13. What is angle of loll?
Angle of LOL:- It is the angle at which the ship with initial negative Metacentric height will lie at
rest in still water.
If the ship is further inclined to an angle less than angle of loll, the ship will sink.
14. what are GZ and KN curves.
15. sketch plimsol marking.
16. How aft peak tank is sealed from stern tube.
The propeller enters the shaft outside from the ship, acting as its barrier. In case of water cooled
Stern Tube, Gland packing are used to prevent water ingress inside. But incase of Lignum vitae
bearing, some water is allowed to go.
In case of Oil cooled Stern tube, the rubber seals fitted with springs are used.
17. what is block coefficient. If we say that block coefficient of one ship is 0.9 and 0ther 0.95. what does
it mean.
Block Coefficient:- It is the ratio of volume of displacement to the product of the length, breadth
& draught.
Cb = Volume of displacement / (L x B x d)
When Block coef. If more, it means Volume of displacement is more.
18. Regulations for pumping out ER bilges in Special areas and outside special areas.
Pumping out ER Bilges outside special area:
As per Marpol Annex I, Regulation 15.
Any discharge into the sea of oily or oily mixtures from ships of 400 GRT & above shall be
prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied:1. The ship should be proceeding enroute from Point A to point B.
2. The oily mixture is processed through an oil filtering equipment.
3. The oily content of the effluent without dilution does not exceeds more than 15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
Pumping out ER Bilges inside special area.
1. The ship should be proceeding enroute from Point A to Point B.
2. The oily mixture is processed through an Oil filtering Equipment approved by the
Administration.
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceeds more than 15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from Cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
6. Any discharge into sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited in Antarctic area.
19. Name special areas.
As Per MARPOL Annex 1, Regulation 1, the special areas are:1. Mediterranean Sea
2. Baltic sea
3. Black sea
4. Red Sea
5. Gulf area

15

6. Gulf of Aden area

7. Antarctic area.
8. North West European Waters
9. Oman area of the Arabian sea.
20. Regualtions for pumping out p/p room bilges.
As per MARPOL Annex 1, Regulation 34.
Outside Special area.
1. The tanker is not within a special area.
2. The tanker is more than 50 nautical miles away from the nearest land.
3. The tanker is proceeding enroute from Point A to point B.
4. The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceeds 30litres/ nautical miles.
5. The total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceeds 1/30000 of the total quantity
of the particular cargo.
6. The tanker has in operation an Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System & slop tank
arrangement approved by the Administration.
Inside Special Area
Any discharge into the sea of oil or oily mixture from the cargo area of an oil tanker shall be
prohibited while in special area.
21. What to do if bilge oil separator for ER is not working.
1. Make an entry into the Oil Record book.
2. Inform the nearest port authority or the port where the V/L is heading.
22. Explain the procedure to pump out ER Bilge step by step.
a. Inform Chief Engineer.
b. Note down the V/L Position from the bridge.
c. Take the sounding of the bilge tank.
d. Check the 15ppm alarm for its proper working.
e. Open the overboard valve , open sea water valve & bilge pump inlet and outlet valve.
f. Note down the time of starting.
g. Start the bilge pump & fill the OWS with sea water. Let the OWS run on sea water for 10-15
mins.
h. Slowly close the sea water inlet valve & start opening the outlet valve of the bilge tank.
23. SOPEP ? purpose
SOPEP :- Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan
As per MARPOL Annex 1, Regulation 37.
Every oil tanker of 150GRT and above and every ship other than oil tanker of 400GRT & above
shall carry onboard a SOPEP approved by the administration.
The SOPEP consists of:1. The procedure to be followed by Master & other person having charge of the ship to report an
Oil Pollution incident.
2. The list of authorities or persons to be contacted in event of Oil Pollution incident.
3. A detailed description of the action to be taken immediately by persons onboard to reduce or
control the discharge of oil.
4. The procedures & point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating ship board action with national
& local authorities.
24. Garbage disposal how.
As per MARPOL Annex V, Regulation for the prevention of pollution by Garbage from ship.
1. The disposal into the sea of all plastics, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic
products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues is prohibited.
2. The disposal of garbage i.e., dunnage, lining & packing materials to be made 25 Nautical miles
away from the nearest land.

16

3. Disposal of food wastes and all other garbage including paper products, rags, glass, metal to
be made 12 Nautical miles away from the nearest land.
4. Disposal of food wastes can be permitted if it has passed through a comminuter or grinder ,
distance is more than 3 Nautical miles from the nearest land. Such comminuted or ground
garbage shall be capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25mm.
25. What chapter of Solas refers to Bulk carriers, Chemical tankers, ISM code, ISPS code
Bulk Carrier : SOLAS Chapter 12 Additional Safety Requirement for Bulk Carriers
Chemical Tankers:- SOLAS Chapter 7 Carriage of Dangerous goods.
ISM Code: SOLAS Chapter 9 Management for the safe operation of ship.
ISPS Code: SOLAS Chapter 11-2 Special Measures to enhance maritime security.
26. How to test emergency generator . What all places it supplies.
27. Markings on Life boat and life raft.
As per LSA Code book Chapter 4.
Marking on Lifeboat.
a. Name of Ship
b. Port of Registry
c. IMO Number
d. Lifeboat dimension
e. Carrying Capacity
f. Maker Name
g. Serial number
Marking on Liferaft:
a. Name of Ship.
b. Port of Registry
c. IMO Number
d. Carrying Capacity
e. Maker Name
f. Serial Number
g. Date of last servicing.

28. Types of brakes on life boat.

1. Centrifugal brake
2. Deadman Handle
29. Purpose of limit switches on life boat.
To prevent the overloading of motor, in case the person operating the heaving of lifeboat gets
unconscious.
30. Specialty of tanker lifeboat.
Sprinkler System.
Enclosed type
Oxygen bottle.
31. What type of fixed fire extinguishing system on board. Description. Mainteannace.

32. Types of foams.

a. Low Expansion Foam
b. Medium Expansion Foam
c. High Expansion foam
33. Sprinkler system how tested?

17

Testing procedure
a. Close the section isolating valve, this will raise an alarm indicating zone isolation.
b. Now, open the test valve, if no water comes out, then it means the NR valve placed
after the section isolating valve is not leaking.
c. Since, the section after the NR valve remains pressurized, opening of the drain valve
will cause the water pressure in the section line to decrease. A pressure switch sensor senses the
decreased pressure & raises an alarm.
d. Now, close the drain valve, open the section isolating stop valve. To check the flow
switch, open the flow test switch to activate an alarm.
e. All the above alarms will be indicated on the navigation bridge, E/room as well as in the
Fire Control Room. The alarm will also indicate the particular zone from where it has risen.
f. If all the alarm conditions are satisfied, close all the testing valves, open the section
isolating valve, purge the sprinkler line by air and again keep the line pressurized. Check from the
pressure gauge, that proper pressure has been maintained or not.
34. Chemicals in DCO extinguisher.
Sodium bicarbonate & Magnesium striate
35. Sketches of DCP and Co2 extinguisher

36. Maintenance on Co2 system.

a. Check the hinges of the CO2 Room door & grease it.
b. Check the pressure gauge.
c. Check the condition of the blower.
d. Check all lightings are properly working.
e. If Manual pull cables operate the remote release controls, they should be checked to verify
the cables & corner pulleys are in good condition and freely move and do not require an
excessive amount of travel to activate the system.
f. Check the weight of the CO2 Bottles.
g. The discharge piping & nozzles should be tested to verify that they are not blocked. The
test should be performed by isolating the discharge piping from the system & flowing dry
air or nitrogen from test cylinder or through any other suitable means.
h. The hydrostatic test of all the cylinders should be done once in 10 years atleast.
i. The alarm to be tested.
j. The CO2 Lines should be blown through with service air.
37. Why fire line fitted with relief valve and drain valve
Relief valve:- Relief valve is provided if pumps are capable of developing the pressure exceeding
the design pressure of water service pipes, hydrants & hoses. It assists to avoid any overpressure
to develop in any part of the fire main.
The fire line is fitted with relief valve to prevent the damage to pipe in case , the V/L is fighting fire
with the help of shore while in dry-dock.
Drain Valve :- Drain valve is fitted to drain the fire line when not in use & also prevent the damage
to pipe due to icing, while V/L is operating in Sub-zero temperature area.
38. Purpose of isolating valve and where situated
An isolating valve is fitted to separate the section of fire main within machinery space containing
main fire pumps from the rest of fire main.
Generally Situated in the Fire station
39. Discharge procedure for Co 2 in Er and Rentry.

40. International shore connection purpose and drawing

As per SOLAS Chapter II-2, Regulation 10 :- Construction Fire Detection, Fire Extinction & Fire
Prevention.

18

Purpose of International Shore Connection is to facilitate such a connection to be used on either

side of ships hydrant.
Dimension:O.D 178mm
I.D 64mm
Bolt Circle Diameter- 132mm
Slots in Flange 4 Holes 19mm diameter equidistantly placed.
Flange Thickness- 14.5 mm
Bolts & nuts 4 Each of 16mm diameter & 50mm long.
41. Maintenance of fire hoses, coupling, hydrants, nozzles
42. Bunkering procedure and precautions
43. What entries abt bunkers in oil record book.
a. Date and time of start & stop of bunkering.
b. Position of vessel.
c. Quantity of bunker taken.
d. Bunker taken in which tank
e. Any internal fuel transfer done while bunkering.
44. Purpose of ISM code.
ISM Code:- As per SOLAS Chapter IX. Management for the Safe Operation of Ship.
ISM is International Safety Management Code for safe operation of ships & for pollution
prevention as adopted.
Purpose of this code is to provide an international standard for safe management and operation of
ships and for pollution prevention.
The objective is to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life & avoidance of
damage to the environment , in particular to marine environment and to property.
45. Where u will find information on code on ship.
On Navigational Bridge
46. What certificate issued for ISM code.
DOC- Document of Compliance . Valid for 5 years
SMC- Safety Management Certificate. Valid for 5 Years
Interim DOC- Valid for 12 months.
Interim SMC- Valid for 6 months
47. What is difference between Non conformity and observation.
48. What is major non conformity
49. Which Imo publication gives u guidelines for watch keeping.
STCW95
50. What certificate u r appearing for.
Officer in-charge of an engineering watch at Operational Level.
51. Enclosed space entry. How to prepare a tank for enclosed space entry.
52. IG system, function of PV valve, high velocity vent.
53. What is regulation 13G and 13 H
54. What is CAS
CAS- Condition Assessment Scheme
Tanker type 1:- Oil Tankers above 20000 DWT, not having segregated ballast tank(SBT)

19

Tanker Type 2:- Oil tankers above 20000 DWT having SBT.
Type 1 tankers have already been phased out by 2005.
CAS Applies to only Type 2 tankers. Which are to be phased out in segregated manner by April
2015.
CAS is a method of checking structural integrity of ship, & its certification by regular inspection by
authority. The said inspections are carried on annually by authorities.
55. How u measure rudder drop and purpose
Rudder drop is measured by Trammel Gauge.
Purpose:- To know about the rudder jumping.
56. what happens if allowed rudder drop is not kept.
The bearings on which rudder weight is coming will wear down fastly.
57. works done in dry dock.

58. What is transom post?

59. What is the function of Stern frame.
60. draw cross sectional view of stiffner
62.What are the routine tests and maintenance on high expansion foam system?
63. What are the preparations before the ship going for drydocking?
64. Your have just joined a ship then how will you identify that the ship is following the regulations of
Marpol Annex 1?
65.What are the entries made in Oil record book?

As per MARPOL Annex 1. Regulation 17. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil. Enteries
done in Oil Record book are:a. Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks.
b. Discharge of dirty ballast or cleaning water from fuel oil tanks.
c. Collection & disposal of oil residues, sludge & bilge oil.
d. Bunkering of fuel or bulk lubricating oil.
e. Any failure of the Oil Filtering Equipment.
f. Date & time of the operation.
66. p-v valve & p-v breaker settings
67. Alarms and trips of boiler and IG system

Alarms in IG System
a. Scrubber High Level
b. Scrubber low level
c. Deck seal High level
d. Deck seal low level
e. High O2 Content
f. High blower casing temp.
g. Low lube oil pressure alarm.
Trips in IG System
a. High Casing Temp. trip
20

b. Low lube oil pressure trip.

c. Low/ no flow scrubber water
d. Low / no flow deck seal water.
e. High boiler pressure trip.
f. Low boiler pressure trip.
Alarms in Boiler
a. Low water level Alarm
b. Too low water level alarm.
c. High water level alarm
d. High fuel oil temp. alarm.
e. Low fuel oil temp. alarm
f. Low boiler pressure alarm.
Trips in Boiler
a. Low Low level water trip
b. High boiler pressure trip.
c. Flame failure
d. Low fuel oil pressure trip.
69.EEBD/SCBA checks and operation.
Checks on SCBA
a. Examine all tubing for any cracks, cuts or any damage.
b. Examine inhalation/ exhalation valve and face mask is clear, clean & dry.
c. Open cylinder valve, listen for audible leaks( with positive pressure sets)
d. Check whether correct pressure is maintained inside the cylinder.
e.To check actual cylinder air pressure & that there are no leaks in the system. Open the cylinder
valve & read the pressure registered on the gauge, compare with full pressure marked on the cylinder.
Close the valve & observe the pressure gauge. Pressure should not drop more than 10 bars in 1 min.
f. Check correct operation of the audible warning whistle. When 80% of Oxygen is consumed
whistle should blow automatically telling wearer that only 20%( 10 mins) of air is left inside.
g. Tightness of face mask & wearers face be checked for effective tightness of the seal.
h. Pressure gauge to be checked for proper working.
i. Cylinder valve should operate freely.
68. Why emergency bilge suction is BELL MOUTHED?
69. WHAT IS THE DIFF betn stiffeners of collision BKHD and normal BKHD .
70.What safeties on deck on tanker?
71.If fire takes place in CO2, What action to take?
72. Various alarms & trips in COPT System?
73. Diagram of Crankcase relief door?
(a) L.O.Low pressure alarm & trip.
(b) L..O High temperature alarm.
(c) Overspeed trip
(d) High back pressure alarm & trips.
(e) High discharge pressure alarm & trip.
(f) Steam inlet low pressure trip.
(g) Rotor axial movement trip.
(h) I.G. system abnormal trip.
(i) Pump bearing high temperature trip.

21

(j) Intermediate shaft bearing high temperature trip.

(k) Casing overheat trip.
(l) Emergency trip.

75. What is given in SOLAS Chapter 4, 5 & 11-1?

SOLAS Chapter 4 refers to Radio communication. In this chapter International Navtex, Sea Area
A1, A2, A3 & A4 , GMDSS, Digital selective Calling are defined.
SOLAS Chapter 5 refers to Safety of Navigation . This chapter tells about Voyage Date
Recorders, Navigation Bridge visibility, steering gear testing & drills.
SOLAS Chapter 11-1 refers to Special measures taken to enhance maritime safety. In this
chapter, it is told about Ships Identification Number, Continuous Synopsis Record.
76.Meaning of Panting,Pounding?
Panting :- As the waves pass along the ship they cause fluctuations in water pressure which tend to
create an in- and- out movement of the shell plating. The effect is mostly found to be greatest at the
ends of the ship, particularly at the fore end. Such effect is termed as Panting.
Pounding:- When a ship meets heavy weather and commences heaving and pitcxhing, the rise of the
fore end of the ship occasionally synchronises with the trough of the wave. The fore end then emerges
from the water and re-enters with a tremendous slamming effect known as pounding.
77. Function of Bulbous bow?

78. What is COW?

COW :- Crude Oil Washing
As per MARPOL Annex 1, Regulation 33. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil .Every crude
oil tanker of 20000 Dwt and above shall be fitted with cargo tank cleaning system using crude oil
washing.
The purpose of COW is to reduce accumulation of sludge in tanks & reduce the amount of carry over
cargo.
During operation of COW, tanks must have oxygen content less than 8 % and under positive IG
Pressure.
The advantage of COW is that tank remains clean & ROB cargo is less & hence increases cargo carrying
capacity.
79. What IG System Requirement. Why IG System not used on ships which are less than 20000 dwt?
Every oil tanker of 20000 DWT or above should be provided with an IG System.
IG System is not used on ship which are less than 20000Dwt because COW is not applicable to ship
which are lesser than 20000 DWT .
80. What is Bilge keel, duct keel , camber, flare?

81. Explain Sprinkler system operation, bulb colour code operation & draw diagram of quartzoid bulb?
82. How to measure propeller drop?
Propeller drop is measured with Poker Gauge.
83. How to calibrate Oxygen Analyser?
a. SPAN Gas:- SPAN gas consists of 99.99% Nitrogen. As per it the O2 analyser should show
0.01% oxygen.
b. The analyzer is kept in fresh air where it should show 20.97% oxygen.

22

84. Limits of NOx & SO x and why they are not applicable to boilers? What are the precautionary &
prevention measure to reduce? What are the certificates concerning this?
Limits of NOx:a. 17.0 g/Kw-h when n less than 130 rpm.
b. 45.0 x n -0.2 g/Kw-h when is 130 or more but less than 2000 rpm
c. 9.8 g/Kw-h when n is 2000 rpm or more.
Limits of Sox.
Outside SECA the Sox content in fuel oil should not be more than 4.5 %.
Inside SECA the Sox content in fuel oil should not be more than 1.5 %.
If the fuel oil taken in SECA is having more than 1/5 % Sox content , then Exhaust Gas Cleaning
system be fitted to reduce the total emission of sulphur oxides from ship, including both auxiliary and
main propulsion engines to 6.0 g Sox / Kw-h or less.
85. Difference between Major Non conformity & Non-conformity?
86. What is free-surface effect?
87. Regulation regarding air pollution?
MARPOL Annex VI:- Regulation for the prevention of pollution by air from ships.
Regulation 12:- Ozone depleting Substance
Any deliberate emissions of Ozone depleting substance shall be prohibited. Deliberate emissions include
emissions occurring in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing or disposing of systems or
equipments.
New installations which contain ozone depleting substance shall be prohibited on all ships, except that
new installations containing HCFCs are permitted until January 2020.
The substances & equipment containing such substances, shall be delivered to appropriate reception
facilities when removed from ships.
Regulation 13:- Nitrogen Oxide(NOx)
This regulation applies to the diesel engine with a power output of more than 130 KW which is installed
on a ship constructed on or after 1st January2000. & to diesel engines with a power output of more than
130 KW which has undergone major conversion on or after 1st January2000.
This regulation does not applies to emergency diesel engine, engines installed in lifeboats & any device
intended to be used solely in case of emergency.
Regulation 14:- Sulphur Oxide (Sox)
The sulphur content of any fuel used on board ships shall not exceed 4.5% m/m.
In SECA Area the sulphur content should not exceed 1.5% m/m.
If in SECA area fuel used is having sulphur content more than 1.5% m/m , then exhaust gas cleaning
system to be provided to limit emission of Sox to 6.0g Sox /Kw-h or less.
Regulation 15:- Volatile Organic Compound
Regulation 16:- Shipboard Incineration
88. Why the ship's rudder stock diameter is always preferred to be more than 230 mm?
89. what is the difference between flame arrester and flame screen?
Flame Arrrester will not let the fire to come out from inside.
Flame Screen will not let the fire to come in from outside.
90. what is a sole plate?
shoe
plate
is
dat
plate
which
is
placed
it helps give the ship a streamline finish and also reduces eddies formed
91. diffrence between code & convention?

23

at

the

bottom

of

sterframe

onvention

code
a
book
which
example imdg code, blu code

meeting
has

recommendatory

(example
legal

mandate,

imo
published

convention)
after

convention.

92. Which Type of Pump is used to Drain Water from Cahin Locker?
Centrifugal pump.
93. What Is the Weight of a CO2 Bottel of Fixed Installation System.
94. What are the safety on Engine room Overhead Crane.
a. Overload trip.
b. Limit switch at fore & aft side.
c. Limit switch port & starboard movement.
d. Switch button have non-metallic body.
e. Emergency stop.
f.
95. How You will Identify in Fixed CO2 Installation System that Which Particular Bottel is Leaking.

96. How We Will Drain The Water & Mud From Chain Locker.
97. What are the regulation regarding use of Low Expansion Foam system on deck?
The ratio of low expansion foam system used on deck should not have ratio more than 1:12.
98. NRT & GRT of your ship and definations?

NRT :- Net Registered Tonnage

It is the tonnage obtained by deduction from the Gross Tonnage, the tonnage of spaces which are reqd. for the safe
working of ship:
(a) Masters Accomodation
(b) Crew Accomodation and allowance for provison stores.
(c) Wheel House, Chartroom, Navigation Aids room
(d) Space for safety equipment & batteries.
GRT :- Gross Registered Tonnage
The Gross Registered Tonnage is found by adding to the Underdeck Tonnage, the tonnage of all enclosed spaces
between the upper & the second deck.

99. Emergency Generator- Location & services supplied.

Location:- Should be on the uppermost continuous deck outside from the engine room but not
located at the forward collision bulkhead.
Services Supplied:(c) For a period of 3 Hrs at Emergency lighting at every muster & embarkation station.
(d) For a period of 18 hrs at:(i)
In all service & accommodation alleyways, stairways & exits, personal lift cars &
personnel lift trunks.
(ii)
In the machinery spaces & main generating stations including their control
positions.
(iii)
In all control stations, machinery control rooms, and at each main & emergency
switchboard.
(iv)
At all stowage positions.
(v)
At the steering gear.
(vi)
At the fire pump & in all cargo pump rooms.
(vii)
The navigational lights.
(viii) VHF & MF Radio installation.
(ix)
The ship earth radio station.
(x)
At all internal communication equipment
(xi)
The fire detection & fire alarm system.
(xii)
Intermittent operation of the daylight signalling lamp & all integral signals that are
required in an emergency.
100.

Emer. Fire pump-Location ,Capacity & how to check performance?

Location of Emergency Fire pump :- The space containing the pump should not be
contiguous to the boundaries of machinery space or those spaces containing main fire pumps.

24

Normally located at : Steering Gear Compartment, Aft of Collision Bulkhead, Shaft Tunnel, Forward part
of ship.
Capacity:- Shall have capacity not less than 25 m3/hr & pump should be able to deliver
water at following pressure with two hydrants opens:
Passenger Ship above 4000 GRT :- 4 bar
Passenger ship below 4000 GRT :- 3 Bar
Cargo ship above 6000 GRT
:- 2.7 Bar
Cargo ship below 6000 GRT
:- 2.5 bar
The throw at the top most deck should not be less 12 meter.
101.

Precautions to be taken before entering battery room?

102.

f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.

Lifeboat lowering procedure?

Minimum of 5 persons are required to lower the L/B.
One person goes inside the L/B and passes the end of toggle painter and plugs the drain.
Check all lifeline and falls are clear of L/B.
Make fast the other end of toggle painter on a strong point forward of the ship.
Remove forward and aft gripes and both person stand by for passing bowing tackle and
tricing pendant.
Remove harbour safety pin.
Make sure the ships side is free of everything, no water or garbage is there.
Now, one person lifts the dead mans handle slowly which releases the brake.
The boat along with cradle sides downward till it comes to the embarkation deck.
By pulling tricing pendant , bring it alongside the embarkation deck.
Persons embark inside the boat.
Now, tricing pendant is removed and the whole load comes on falls.
Now, boat is further lowered with deadmans handle.
As soon as the boat comes around 1meter above the sea-water, it can be released.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
v.
w.
x.

What are the lifeboat equipments?

Sufficient buoyant oars
2 boat hook.
2 Buckets
6 Hand Flares
2 Rocket parachutes
2 smoke signals.
EPIRB
SART
Food Ration.
1 knife and 3 tin opener.
Hand Pump
Tow line
Anti-sea sickness tablets
1 set of fishing tackles.
Waterproof torch
Day light signalling lamp.
Radar reflector
First Aid Kit
Tools
Compass
Sea Anchor
1 Whistle
Portable fire extinguisher
Thermal Protective aid

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

103.

25

104.

What is Garboard Strake?

Strake adjacent to the keel on each side of the ship is called Garboard strake.

105.

What is sheer strake?

Uppermost strake in the side shell.

106. What is Stringer plate?

Outboard deck strake.
107. What is stealer strake?
Number of adjacent strakes fitted at the end of the ship area called stealer strake.
108. What all things are written in BDN( Bunker Delivery Note)?
a. Name of Barge/Port
b. Position of vessel.
c. Delivery date
d. IMO number
e. Gross tonnage of Vessel
f. Vessel name
g. Time of starting
h. Time of stopping
i. Product name & code
j. Viscosity at 50 Degree C
k. Density @ 15C
l. Water Content % V/V
m. Flash Point C
n. Sulphur Content % m/m
o. Pour Point C
p. Quantity taken @ 35C

FUNCTION: OPERATION OF THE VESSEL AND SAFETY OF PERSONNEL ONBOARD

1.What is KVA?
2. What is special about Steering gear Overload safety?
3. Explain the condition for Paralleling of Alternators?
4. What does different position of the synchroscope needle mean; what is the difference between 6 o clock
and 12 clock?
5. Why do we close the switch at 11 o'clock and not at 12 o' clock?
6. Why is a Megger used for insulation test and not a multi meter?
7. What are the safeties on MSB?
8. When does Reverse power flow?
9. What is the harm if reverse power flows?
10. How is the protection against reverse power given?
11. How do you test reverse power trip?
12. What is the full form of ACB?
13. If you press the ACB Close button on an idle generator what will happen?
14. What is Under-voltage protection?
15. What is the meaning of preferential trip? Why is it provided?
16. What is the purpose of the earth fault indication on the switch board?
17. If you get an earth fault alarm what will you do?
18. What is Direct Current?
19. What is alternating current?
20. What is meant by phase in AC?
21. Is there phase in DC?
22. Why is DC not much in use now?
23. Where are you likely to see it used?

26

24. What does three-phase current mean?

25. What is rms value?
26. What is the meaning of power factor?
27. What is the usual value you see onboard?
28. What is the best value possible?
29. What is the benefit of improving power factor?
30. How can it be improved?
31. What is the meaning of saying I and V are in phase?
32. What is the difference between KW, KVA and KVAR?
33. Why are motor ratings given in KW and that of alternator and transformer given in KVA?
34. Where does reactive power go?
35. What is a semi conductor?
36. What is doping?
37. What happens to insulation when temperature rises?
38. What happens to resistance of conductors when temperature rises
39. What is an induction motor?
40. What is "slip"?
41. What is a synchronous motor?
42. Where is it used?
43. How do you use a multimeter?
44. What is an AVO meter?
45. How do you check continuity?
46. What limits the electrical load?
47. What is the voltage used in a meggar?
48. How does current flow during welding?
49. What do we use for welding on ships? AC or DC?
50. What is the voltage?
51. What is the voltage used for ignition in boilers/incinerators etc.?
52. Why is it different from that for welding?
53. Does current flow through hull during welding?
54. If so why don't you get a shock?
55. What is safe voltage to prevent shock?
56. What is the meaning of earthing in a ship?
57. What is the meaning of Star winding/ Delta winding?
58. Is the ship's alternator Star wound or Delta wound?
59. What is the meaning of ACB, MCCB, NFB?
60. What is a magnetic contactor? Where is it used?
61. What is a relay? How is it different from a magnetic contactor?
62. Can you draw a DOL starter circuit?
63. What is the meaning of overload?
64. What is meaning of short circuit?
65. How is protection provided for OL and SC?
66. What is the function of a fuse?
67. What is the normal setting of overload relays?
68. How does a thermal overload relay work?
69. What is single phasing?
70. How can it happen?
71. What is the harm caused by this?
72. What protection is provided against this?
73. Why is it necessary that incoming alternator frequency is more than bus bar?
74. What is dark lamp and bright lamp method for synchronizing? How is the connection made?
75. Apart from renewing bearings is there any reason for opening up motors for maintenance?
76. Why is reverse power protection required?
77. Why is this reverse power used instead of reverse current in alternators?
78. What is the meaning of excitation in an alternator?
79. Is the field current in an alternator AC or DC ?
80. Is the field rotating or stationary?
81. How is it supplied?
82. What is a brush less alternator?
83. How is the excitation achieved in this?
84. What is the meaning of residual magnetism?
85. Why is an air compressor started unloaded?

27

86. How is the speed of a 3-phase induction motor varied?

87. How is the direction of rotation varied?
88. How does this cause a rotation to change?
89. How is the speed of a DC motor varied?
90. How is the direction varied?
91. What is a diode?
92. What is a zener diode?
93. What is a thyristor? What is an SCR?
94. How does an inverter work?
95. How does a tube light work?
96. What is the function of the starter in a tube light?
97. What is the function of the choke?
98. Where is a slip ring used and where is a commutator used?
99. What is capacitance?
100.
Does current flow though a capacitor?
101.
What is the unit for capacitance ?
102.
What is a neutral?
103.
What is the difference between neutral and earth?
104.
What is a synchronous condenser?
105.
Where and why is it used?
106.
If a motor is wound star and you want to change to delta what should you do?
100 If the AVR, is defective, when additional loads come on will the generator be able to take it?
How do you test, reverse power trip, high current trip, preferential trip?
102. What is residual magnetism? Where is it important?
103. Sometimes, when you change the running direction of a E/R blower (from supply to exhaust) it trips.
Why?
104. What is the function of the friction clutch mechanism used in purifiers?
105. What is the regular maintenance done on batteries?
106. What safety precautions need to be taken during maintenance on batteries?
107. Why is special lighting used in battery rooms?
108. What is the voltage available from each cell in a lead acid battery?
109. What is the full battery voltage ?
110. How is this voltage achieved?
111. What is the meaning of a normally open contact?
112. How does a Salinometer function?
113. How does the air compressor start and stop automatically?
114. How is the cold room temperature maintained?
115. What is a self-monitoring alarm circuit?
116. Out at sea, if there is a black out during your watch, what action will you take?
117. After a black out the emergency generator comes on; On restoring the main supply we are closing the
circuit breaker of the main generator with out bothering about synchronizing. How is this possible?
118. How does the emergency generator start automatically?
119. If all your air bottles are at low pressure and there is a blackout how do you start the generators?
120. What is a shaft generator?
121. Even though the main engine runs at varying speeds, how does the alternator maintain constant
frequency?
122. Is the alternator connected star or delta
123. Why is 440 V used for motors and 110/220 V used for lighting?
OPERATION OF THE VESSEL AND SAFETY OF PERSONNEL ONBOARD
1.Fire main line fittings
2. Purifier room fire
3. Paint locker fire
4. CO2 flooding procedure
5. Uptake fires
6. O2 and C2H2 storage and operation safety
7. EPIRB and SART
8. SOPEP
9. LB brake/ lowering procedure
10. 103.Deck foam system?
11. 104.Where isolation valves given in fire main?

28

12. What is hydrogen fire?

13. What are the indications of EGB fire?
14. 2.DCP fire extinguisher?
15. Routine checks on FFA
16. Flammability diagram
17. In your kitchen what fuel is used
18. Why is the flame not traveling to the cylinder
19. LEL, UEL
20. Flammability range?
21. Between a log and a small stick which burns faster
22. When you blow on a matchstick the fire goes out. In a stove/or a black smith's hearth blowing air
increases the fire.Why?
23. Why is a Relief Valve fitted on fire main?
24. International shore connection; Size? Where fitted? Which part is standard?
25. Enclosed entry procedure
26. ELSA, EEBD
27. 33 Fire main line isolating valves
28. How does a flame screen work? What is the difference between a flame screen and a flame arrestor?
29. What is a flashback arrestor?
30. Why should Acetylene bottles be used in the upright position?
31. What is the correct position for using a portable foam extinguisher?
32. Why is a sand box provided on the boiler flat?
33. What are gas-free conditions for man entry?
34. Should the ventilation blower be running in supply mode or exhaust mode, when the Oxygen check is
made?
35. In a tanker, why are bonding straps used on cargo pipelines?
36. What is the rating of the electrical hand glove?
37. What is the important first aid for an electrical shock victim?
38. Is there any protection for a CO2 cylinder in case of a fire in the CO2 room itself?
39. Is the CO2 in the bottle in liquid condition or gas?
40. How does the CO2 alarm ring when the panel door is opened?
41. Can engine room bilges be pumped out in special areas?
42. What will be your action when you discover smoke coming out of
43. During your watch, if you get a under piston temperature high alarm, what will you do?
44. During your night duty on a UMS vessel, there is a fire alarm from E/R. What will be your action in case
of
a. Purifier room fire
b. Running generator exh manifold on fire
c. Boiler front on fire
d. Bilges on fire.
45. 102.CO2 and DCP difference?
46.. Man overboard drill
47. Oil spill drill
48. Life raft floatation
49. Ship's Whistle? How does it work? Where is it fitted?
50. L boat tricing pendant / Bowsing in tackles; Purpose.
51. What is HRU? How does it work? Where is if fitted?
52. What is a Life buoy? Where is it fitted?
53. What is flash point, firepoint and auto ignition temp.
54. What are the tests done before enclosed space entry?
55. What spaces are defined as such?
56. What is the acceptable HC level for man entry?
57. What is TLV? How many types are there?
FUNCTION: SHIP CO AND STABILITY
Deep tank construction
2. Garboard strake, sheer strake
3. Stability and buoyancy
4. Collision bulkhead
5. Camber, margin plate, intercoastal?
6. Free surface effect?
7. Static and dynamic stability?

29

8. LOLL, GZ,righting lever

9. Pounding effect on rudder
10. What are Skates?
11. Types of floor
12. How ship turns? Rudder function?
13. Why is rudder angle not more than 36 deg?
14. How does the ship move? Propeller function?
15. Why is the thrust bearing fitted aft?
16. What action will you take if there is a thrust bearing high tr alarm?
17. What is a "Torsion Box" in a container ship?
18. Protection/safeties on a generator
19. What is metacentric height? What is its importance?
20. What is dynamic stability? What is its importance?
21. What is a chain stopper?
22. What is a dead man brake?
23. How many brakes are there on a life boat winch?
FUNCTION 3: Marine engineering practice
1.Explain how will you o'haul a fuel injector
2. Explain how you will change gland packing of a pump.
3. What is a SDNR valve?
4. How do you o'haul a globe valve?
5. How does a gate valve work?
6. If a gate valve is stuck, what could be the reason?
7. How is a job centered on a chuck in a lathe
8. What safety precautions will you take if working on a lathe?
9. What is a reamer? Where is it used?
10. How does a Quick closing valve work?
11. How do you reset a QC valve after operation?
12. Is there any difference between relief valve and safety valve?
13. Explain how will you prepare for Bunkering?
14. How do you set tappet clearance?
15. What are the steps to take after a blackout at sea?
16. How do you pressure test a fuel vale?
17. How will you replace an exhaust valve seat?
18. How do you install a bearing on a shaft?
19. How do you specify pipe size?
20. What do the numbers on bearings mean?
21. What is the common size between different schedules of a pipe?
22. If an A/E does not start what will be your action?
23. Your action if T/C is surging?
24. Why is a Steam trap used in condensate return lines?
25. How is gas cutting done?
26. How many valves are there on a gas-cutting torch?
27. How do you light a gas-cutting torch and adjust the flame?
28. How do you set up a new pipe for welding?
29. What is GPR/GPO/LH electrodes?
30. How do you select the correct current setting for welding?
31. Crank pin brg clearance
32. Telescopic feeler gauge
33. Piston removal procedure
34. Welding defects?
35. Bridge gauge main brg clearance
36. How does a Stud extractor work?
37. How does a chain block work?
38. What are the safeties on cargo cranes ?
39. What are the safeties on ER crane?
40. How is the load controlled during lowering?
41. How is the E/R crane load tested?
42. Fuel valve not coming out?
43. Setting exhaust valve timing
44. Pumps o'haul?

30

45. Type of drill bits?

46. Types of threads?
47. Pipe schedule?
48. Important dimensions of flanges? Types of flanges?
49. Indications of scavenge fire? What action will you take?
50. Where are wear rings used? What is their purpose?
51. Boiler gauge glass? Reflex type? Blow through procedure?
52. .ISSA code book?
53. SG hunting gear?
54. Axe blade? How fitted?
55. Load test?
56. SCBA pressure testing
57. Welding surface preparation
58. No water in GG ? What action
59. Flaring tool
60. What is an ermato joint?
61. Why is a copper gasket annealed ?
62. How will you supervise a lub oil Filter cleaning?
63. What precautions have to be taken during cleaning of SW line filters?
64. What is a Dead mans alarm
65. What will be your action if your Reliever appears drunk
66. Your oiler appears drunk. What is your action?
67. Compound gauge?
68. Method of blowing through gauge glass
69. Pump shaft broken? Suggest epairs?
70. What is Gear Back lash?
71. What are different types of gears seen in ship?
72. What is hunting tooth
73. Why is gear oil different others?
74. What are the different types of Taps and Dies?
75. Why do you take Ullages? How do you calculate liquid quantity?
76. What is VRF?
77. What do you check up while opening piston?
78. Q closing valve operation? Why do you shut the valve again before opening?
79. Start airline getting hot - what action?
80. Draw a LS of ball bearing fitted on a shaft.
81. What is a lip seal? Sketch
82. Sketch a mechanical seal.
83. Exhaust bellow sketch?
84. What is a dresser coupling
85. What is Bumping Clearance? How do you measure it?
86. Why is a centrifugal pump started with its discharge valve shut?
87. How will you align a pump to its motor?
88. What checks will you make on a bottom end bearing bolt?
89. How do you measure ovality of a crank pin?
90. How does hydraulic tightening work?
91. Why is the jack turned back a little while slackening?
92. What will you check in UP space inspection?
93. How will you do crankcase inspection?
94. Shipside valve is leaking into E/R. What will you do?
FUNCTION 1: Marine Engineering
1. Why is Boiler water treatment required?
2. What is the allowed chloride content?
3. Why is the boiler water circulating pump required for EGB?
4. How does a bourbon pressure gauge work?
5. How do you blow through a boiler gauge glass?
6. Why is a ball given in the gauge glass?
7. How do you tighten a gauge glass after assembly?
8. What is the setting of a boiler safety valve?
9. What is the normally allowed chloride content in a water tube boiler?
10. How do you blow down a boiler and inspect it?

31

11. Why is pre purging necessary before firing boilers?

12. How does flame failure alarm come?
13. Type of boiler burner on last ship
14. What is the voltage used for the ignitor?
15. How will you know EGB is leaking?
16. How will you stop the leak?
17. What is the purpose of soot blowing?
18. When do you start the circulating pump?
19. What is the temperature of steam in the boiler?
20. What is meant by superheated steam?
21. How is a boiler safety valve set?
22. What is the setting?
23. What is the meaning of accumulation of pressure test?
24. How do you blow down a boiler and inspect?
25. How do you repair leaks?
26. How do you blow through gauge glasses?
27. What is the safety mechanism in case the glass breaks?
28. Which part of a ship's boiler has a higher safety valve setting? EGB or auxiliary?
29. When is the pressure testing of boilers done? How is it done?
30. Why is Fridge compressor belt driven?
31. What is meant by 1 ton of refrigeration?
32. Is there any difference in lub oil pressure readings of fridge compressors when compared to air
compressors?
33. How do you read the lub oil pressure of fridge compressors?
34. Some times the pressure gauges used in fridge systems also have temperature readings. What is
the use of this?
35. How is the temperature of cold room maintained ?
36. What is the role of the TEV?
37. What is mean effective pressure of diesel engine?
38. What is the cooling water treatment
39. What tests are done on L.O.?
40. What is the correct procedure for L.O. sample collection?
41. Exhaust temp of one unit is high; what could be the reason?
42. How is LO for X head lubrication delivered in (B&W/ SULZER Engines)
43. Why is a bursting disc provided in air compressors?
44. Where is it provided?
45. If a bursting disk ruptures, what will be your action?
46. What are the safeties fitted on air compressors?
47. If the interstage relief valve is lifting, what could be the reason?
48. Why is multistage compression used?
49. How will you test the working of a compressor safety valve?
50. How does the Oil mist detector work?
51. How will you test the opening pressure of a crank case relief door?
52. How many tie rods will be there? Function of tie rods?
53. What is a lantern ring?
54. What is the role of the Thrust block ?
55. Where is the thrust bearing in MC series or RTA engines?
56. Why is the thrust bearing at the aft end of the engine and not at the forward end?
57. Why is the thrust bearing close to the engine and not close to the stern tube?
58. What is the allowed O2 content in IG? How is it controlled?
59. M/E stuffing box components?
60. What is the role of the stuffing box?
61. What is the difference between stuffing box drain oil and scavenge space drain oil?
62. Why are piston rings changed?
63. What is the difference between a PV breaker and PV valve? What are the settings?
64. Why is deck seal used in IG systems?
65. What are the COPT trips?
66. What is the starting procedure for COPT?
67. 4 stroke Valve timing diagram
68. What are the strokes in 2 stroke and four stroke engines
69. Difference between purifier and clarifier
70. What is the separation principle used in purifiers?

32

71. What is the relation between oil density and gravity disc diameter?
72. Why are telescopic pipes used for oil lubrication?
73. Why is Fuel timing important?
74. How is checked and adjusted? (engine type based on candidate's experience)
75. What is the principle of a diesel engine?
76. Why are 2 springs sometimes used in inlet and exhaust valves?
77. What will you check in springs during o'haul?
78. How does a roto cap work?
79. How is BHP calculation using indicator diagram done?
80. What is MEP and MIP?
80. What is MEP and MIP?
81. What is the difference between the two?
82. Why is cylinder head fitted in engines
83. Are there engines w/o cylhead?
84. Draw 2s timing diagram
85. Why is an expansion tk provided in jcw system?
86. Why do we Blow through' Engines?
87. How is T/C RPM measured?
88. Is there any difference between A/E and M/E Governors
89. Indicator cards why and how are they taken?
90. What is Hydrodynamic lubrication?
91. What is a rolling contact bearing?
92. What is MCR and CSR?
93. What is PS? What is its relation to kW?
94. What was the specific fuel consumption in your last ship?
95. What was the specific Cyl oil consumption?
96. What is the relation between power and rpm of a main diesel engine?
97. What will be the power developed by a main engine if it runs in DD?
98. What is the relation between the ship's speed and engine power?
99. Will the engine develop any power, if it is run when a ship is aground?
100. What is a CPP? How does it function?
101. What is the difference between fuel valve opening pressure and fuel injection pressure?
102. What is an under slung crankshaft?
103. How many crankshafts are there in Vee type engines?
104. How are connecting rods fitted?
105. Do two stroke engines need tappet clearance adjustment?
106. How will you know, without opening anything, that an engine is 2S or 4S?
107. What are the two strokes in 2S engines called?
108. Why does Sulzer use hydraulic jack bolts for main bearings?
109. What is the meaning of TBN in lub oils?
110. Why is LO of different TBN used for M/E cyl oil and Crankcase oil?
111. What are the values of TBN for A/E crankcase oil?
112. What is the difference between "heat" and "temperature" ?
113. If water is found in crank case lo, what could be the cause?

Marine Electro Technology

1.

What is the use of 'kvar' meter fitted on the MSB?

2.

Where auto transformer starter is used on board ships and why?

3.

Explain star delta starter?

4.

Why starters are not used for land based installations?

5.

Any two applications of zener diode on board ships?

6.

How will you come to know whether a fuse is blown out or not, explain two methods?

7.

What is meant by intrinsically safe?

8.

Name any three intrinsically safe equipments on board other than a torch light and lamp?

9.

Explain the working principle of an explosimeter and reasons for false readings?
33

10.

How will you check reverse power and overload relay in the MSB?

11.

What are the routine maintenance in an alternator?

12.

How will you confirm a solenoid is working or not?

13.

What kind of starter could be used for force draught fan for the boiler?

14.

How to check the insulation resistance of a DC motor?

15.

How to use a voltmeter for synchronization in the absence of synchroscope and

synchronizing lamps?

16.

How does earth fault detector work?

17.

Explain the conditions of paralleling alternators?

18.

Draw the synchronizing method?

19.

What is he difference between a megger and a multimeter?

20.

Comment on air circuit breakers?

21.

What are the safeties provided on Main Switch Board?

22.

Describe how a self excited generator works?

23.

What is the function of AVR?

24.

How will you find out earth fault in the system?

25.

What is reverse power protection for?

26.

What is Wheatstone bridge?

27.

Draw the synchroscope system?

28.

What do you understand by preferential trip and when they operate?

29.

Describe AC and DC? Where DC is used on board ships?

30.

What is induction motor?

31.

What are star delta windings?

32.

What is a short circuit?

33.

What is meant by earth fault?

34.

What is meant by overload?

35.

What is single phasing and how it happens?

36.

What is fuse and how many types of fuses have seen before?

37.

Why an air compressor is started unloaded?

38.

What is the difference between ordinary diode and zener diode?

39.

What is the function of starter and choke in a tube light?

40.

What is the regular maintenance done on batteries?

41.

How does salinometer work?

42.

What will be your action on a blackout a sea?

34

43.
44.
45.
46.

How does emergency generator starts on its own?

What are the cut out provided on the OWS and checks to be done before putting it into
operation?
Draw star, delta 3 phase connections?
What are the motor safeties, deck crane safeties, and engine room over head safeties to be
checked?

47.

What is relay? How it is different from a magnetic contactor?

48.

What is ohm's law?

49.

What is the expression for resistance in terms of length and area of conductor?

50.

What is sequential starting?

51.

What is the function of circuit breaker?

52.

What essentials are supplied from emergency switchboard?

53.

How will you confirm a minimum insulation resistance reading?

54.

Describe steering power supply regulations?

55.

What is Coulomb's law?

56.

Describe Fleming's left and right hand rule?

57.

Describe lenz's law?

58.

What is the difference between electric and magnetic circuit?

59.

Describe and Draw battery charging method?

60.

How many types of DC motors are there?

61.

How many types of AC motors are there?

62.

What is magnetic hysteresis?

63.

What is eddy current and how to minimize it?

64.

How many types of electric circuits are there?

65.

Describe Kirchoff's laws?

66.

How many types of battery used on board ships?

67.

What is the constructional difference between AC and DC generators?

68.

How to calculate number of poles of a generator?

69.

What are the causes of zero voltage in a running generator?

70.

What is the difference between an induction motor and synchronous motor?

71.

What is the reading of hydrometer reading in full charge and discharge?

72.

What is meant by transformer and rectifier?

73.

What is he units for voltage, current, power and resistance?

74.

Comment on the starting current while using a direct online starter for an induction motor?

75.

What is reluctance?

35

1. Procedure for Overhaul of A/E.

a. Check whether all tools and spares are available or not.
b. If so, then start the Stand by generator.
c. Check all parameters are normal.
d. Now share the load with the help of synchroscope.
e. Again check all the parameters are within normal range.
f. Put full load on the Stand by generator.
g. Stop the generator on which work has to be carried out.
h. Put MEN AT WORK tag.
i. Shut the air starting valve, fuel oil inlet & outlet valves and isolate the system.
j. Let lube oil priming pump run for half hour after then stop it.
k. Drain the jacket water.
l. Remove the cylinder head cover.
m. Remove high pressure pipe.
n. Take out the injector using its tool.
o. Open the rocker arm bolts & remove it from its place.
p. Remove the Jacket water outlet pipe.
q. Disconnect the scavenge & exhaust manifold from the cylinder head.
r. Open the cylinder head bolts using the Torque spanner or hydraulic jack(As provided on your
vessel).
s. Check the lifting gear (Crane & chain block, Eye bolt, etc.)
t. Lift the cylinder head & put it at a suitable place.
u. Open the crankcase door.
v. Bring the piston to TDC position & attach eye-bolt on it and Attach hook of chain block to
it.(Before bringing Piston to TDC, the top part of liner needs to be cleaned)
w. Bring the piston to BDC and open the bottom-end bolts & remove bottom end bearing.
x. As load of piston is now on Lifting gear, so take it out & put it on the piston stand.
y. Remove the piston rings using ring extractor.
z. Remove the circlip from the gudgeon pin & take out the gudgeon pin, so connecting rod can be
taken out.
2. How do you decide if piston rings should be changed or not?
a. Butt clearance increased then its normal range.
b. Axial clearance increased.
c. Visual condition of piston ring.
3. How you check lifting gear.
a. Check the condition of wire rope & grease it.
b. Check the visual condition of chain.
c. Check the limit switches in the forward, aft, Port & starboard direction are working.
d. Check that emergency button is working.
e. Check the visual condition of the insulated cover is satisfactory.
f. Check overload trip is working satisfactorily.
g. Check the visual condition of chain block, no cracks should be there.
h. Check that safety latch is there on chain block.
4. What checks on piston and liner.
a. Piston:i. Check the piston for any cracks.
ii. Check the piston top profile.
iii. Check for any carbon deposits.
iv. Check the butt clearance, axial & radial clearance.
5. What to do if valve seat damaged?
6. Checks on crankcase inspection in Main Engine?

36

Safety Precautions:
a. Inform bridge and Chief Engineer.
b. If in port, take Immobilization certificate.
c. Get propeller clearance from the duty officer.
d. Shut off starting air valve.
e. Put Men at Work tag.
f. Stop lube oil pump.
g. Indicator cocks to open.
h. Turning gear should be engaged
i. Wear proper PPE, Shoes & helmet.
j. No naked lamp to be taken inside.
k. Open the crankcase door taking it as a shield.
l. Ventilate the crankcase door properly.
m. No items should be inside the pockets of boiler suit.
Inspection:
a. Check the condition of lube oil, for any smell, discoloration, degradation.
b. No paint parts to be there in the sump.
c. Turn the engine to BDC and under stuffing box area for any black oil.
d. Check piston rod for any scoring & roughness.
e. Check piston palm bolts & locking.
f. Check the guide shoes and the area around it.
g. Check guide shoe end cover bolts.
h. Check X-head bearing general condition.
i. Check all bearing for white metal.
j. Check oil pan area of every unit for any sludge formations, bearing metals &
foreign particles.
k. Check top & bottom of connecting rod bolts, nuts & locking device.
l. Check the axial movement of bottom end bearing.
m. Check slippage of web & journal by reference marks.
n. Check the teeth of transmission gear.
o. Check the tightness of chain drive.
p. Check c/case relief door spring tension, wire mesh & sealing ring.
q. Check & clear the O.M.D sampling pipes.
r. Start the lube oil pump & check flow .
s. Check c/case door sealing condition & close it c/case door.
t. Make sure no foreign matter or tools should be left inside the c/case.
7. Tappet clearances why plus how to check.
Tappet clearance is taken to ensure positive closing of the valve & for thermal expansion of the
valve.
Taking all safety precautions.(See Ans. 1)
Make sure the piston is on TDC.
i. From the marking on the flywheel.
ii. From the fuel cam.
iii. Push rod should be free.
Make sure the engine has cooled down.
Loosen the lock nut of the rocker arm.
Now adjust the tappet clearance between the rocker arm & valve stem by tightening or loosing the
nut below the lock nut.
If tappet clearance is less:
i. Valve will open early & close late
ii. Air induced through inlet valve may leak out. So, less air for combustion.
iii. Power will be reduced.
iv. Fuel consumption will increase, engine may become unbalanced, exhaust temp. will be very
high.
v. In worst condition, valve may remain open, resulting in loss of compression pressure, burning
of exhaust valve, T/C fouling will increase.

37

If tappet clearance is more:

i. Valve will open late & close early.
ii. Lesser heat energy to T/C, so reduction in scavenge air & hence power.
iii. No proper removal of gases.
iv. Hammering of valve stem-may cause damage to valve stem.
8. What to check if Engine is not starting on air and fuel
Engine not starting on Air:a. Low air bottle pressure or air line valve may be shut.
b. Air bottle isolating valve or automatic valve or distributor not functioning.
c. Control air valves faulty or less control air pressure.
d. Start air automatic valve jammed.
e. Turning gear engaged.
f. Reversing has not taken place completely.
g. Control valve for fuel or start is not in its end position.
h. Bursting diaphragm on start air line damaged.
i. Fuel lever on maneuvering stand not on remote mode.
j. Auxiliary blower not running or not on auto mode.
k. Emergency stop has activated.
l. Interlock is operated.
m. Cylinder air start valve defective or sticky.
n. Piston not in firing mode.
Engine not starting on fuel:
a. Less fuel in service tank.
b. Fuel filter is chocked.
c. Fuel supply pumps not delivering required pressure. Or fuel pump tripped.
d. Fuel level on local maneuvering stand, is not on remote stand.
e. Fuel rack stuck.
f. Fuel pump malfunctioning, jammed plunger.
g. Injector nozzle needle sticking or holes blocked.
h. Compression pressure is too low due to broken piston ring or exhaust valve not closing
properly.
i. Fuel pump relief valve leaking.
j. Start air pressure insufficient to turn the engine fast enough.
9. What to check if Engine is not taking load.
10. What precautions to take to start A/E After overhaul.
a. Water tightness to be checked.
b. Air to be removed from jacket water outlet line.
c. Priming lube oil pump to run before starting the engine.
d. Check the lube oil level.
e. Check the flow of lube oil.
f. Blow through the engine before starting.
11. How to change purifier to clarifier.
Remove the gravity disc.
12. How to select damn ring for purifier.
From the monogram provided with manual, which is drawn with respect to viscosity of oil & which
size damn ring to be used.
If monogram not there, then
a. Chief Engineers experience will come into use.
b. Hit & trial method to be used.

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i. First use the largest gravity disc and whether oil is overflowing, if so, then use small size
gravity disc and follow this process until oil stops overflowing.

13. What to check if purifier over flowing.

a. Size of gravity disc.
b. High throughput.
c. Temperature of the oil.
14. How to stop Aux Engine if not stopping by stop handle.
a. Pull the fuel rack to zero position.
b. Operate any trip.
15. Charging gas in Dom Fridge?
a. Close the receiver outlet valve and collect the gas in the receiver.
b. Check the liquid level, if it is below L/3, Charging is reqd.
c. Check the weight of the refrigerant bottle & keep it upright.
d. Connect the charging line to the connecting point and keep it loose.
e. Open the bottle valve slightly and purge the line into the collecting cylinder and
then tighten the connection.
f. Open the charging valve and fully open the bottle valve.
g. Check the liquid level in the sight glass and make sure no air bubble present in
the system.
h. Close the charging valve and the bottle valve.
i. Open the receiver outlet valve & start the compressor.
j. Carry out let detector test.
16. Charging oil in Domestic fridge.
Method 1.
a. Mostly ships have hand p/p provided which develop more pressure than the
inside pressure.
Method 2.
a. Reduce the L.P Cut out setting.
b. Dip the pipe inside the c/case of compressor.
c. Run compressor, vaccum will develop.
d. So, compressor will start sucking the oil.
e. Make sure the pipe is diped fully, because it has got chances of sucking air.
f. If air gets in, then purge it in a separate bottle after charging of oil gets
completed.
17. What to check if Room temp (one room) not coming down?
18. What to check if all room temp not coming down?
- Room doors not shut properly.
- Room insulation is bad.
- Air in system.
- Room fans not running.
- Evaporators frosted.
- Compressor not working satisfactorily, unloader defective, valve leaky, rings damagd.
- Expansion valves choked/ malfunctioning.
- Evaporator blocked.
19. What to do if dom. fridge is short cycling/
- L.P Cut out is defective.
- L.P Cut out setting not correct, too low difficult for Cut In.
- Lesser gas flow

39

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Less gas in system.

Drier Choked.
Expansion valve filter choked or Expansion valve Malfunction.
Evaporator Choked.
Compressor valves leaking.

Actions:a. Check L.P. Cut out setting, Cut out pressure OK.
b. Check flow of gas by seeing sight glass which should show full flow of refrigerant.
c. If no full flow- Either less gas or drier chocked, Clean the drier.
d. Check level in receiver, if low, then charge gas.
e. Expansion valve filter choked, then clean it.
f. Expansion valve malfunctioning- Change it.
g. Evaporator choked- Blow-thru evaporator with nitrogen.
20. Overhaul of centrifugal pump.
21. Changing pipe join below floor plate without removing pipe.
22. Can not pump out bilges. What checks? What to do if pipe holed?
a. Check Sounding of bilge tank.
b. Check Bilge tank outlet v/v open or not.
c. Check P/p inlet v/v open or not.
d. Check p/p working properly.
e. If vaccum developing that means hole in pipeline.
If pipe is holed:a. Carry out Vaccum test by closing inlet valve & opening outlet /v.
b. If hole is between the inlet v/v and p/p, vaccum will develop, now remove top of v/v and put
water.
c. If hole is in between Inlet v/v and bilge tank outlet v/v, then again put S.W
23. Boiler press coming up and gone above the safety valve lifting pressure. What to do?
Use the easing gear to release the excess pressure.
24. Bridge informs steering not responding. What to do?
25. Air comp bumping clearance how to check and adjust.
a. Start the Stand by compressor.
b. Stop the compressor whose bumping clearance has to be taken.
c. Isolate the system.
d. Put Men at Work tag.
e. Loosen the cylinder head bolts and lift it.
f. Measure the diameter /size of the lead ball.
g. Bring piston to TDC and put lead ball on centre of it.
h. Now, put the cylinder head and tighten it to required torque.
i. Now, again loosen the cylinder head bolt and remove the ball.
j. Measure the size of the ball.
k. The difference between the initial size and final size is the bumping clearance.
It can be adjusted by either putting a thinner gasket or putting shim on top half of the bottom end
bearing.
26. Removal of broken stud.
First drill the stud little bit & then use Thread extractor which has left hand thread.
27. Bridge informs lot of smoke from funnel what to do?
a. Reduce load on engine.
b. Check purifier operating alright/ reduce throughput to have better purification.
c. Drain water from settling & service tank.

40

d. Check scavenge air temperature & adjust if reqd. .

e. Soot blow the economizer.
f. Ensure, fuel oil end heater outlet temperature proper corresponding to attain
viscosity at the point of injection.
g. Check, if any particular Exhaust temperature is higher than others, if so, then
stop the engine, Change the injector with a spare overhauled injector.
h. Check all fuel pump timings are correct or not.
i. Dismantle and carry out overhaul of T/C.
j. Send fuel oil for Laboratory analysis.
Reasons:
k. Improper combustion.
l. Burning of carbon particles collected at EGE.
m. Overloading of engine.
28. Flooding in Engine Room what to do?
a. Inform bridge & Chief engineer.
b. Raise engineers call/emergency alarm.
c. Before starting bilge pump note down the position of vessel & time of starting.
d. Other engineers will in between try to locate the hole or burst of pipe and repair.
e. If ingress of water very high, start another pump.
f. Reduce the engine r.p.m.
g. Change over main s.w suction to emergency bilge suction.
h. If level is still coming up try to protect the motor from short-circuiting , if required
start emergency bilge suction valve.
i. If situation is not coming in control, prepare lifeboat for lowering.
29. What checks to be made on Aux Engine when running?
Checks:
a. Check scavenge air temperature.
b. Check Exhaust gas temperature.
c. Check r.p.m
d. Check load on A/E.
e. Carry out peak pressure.
f. Check for any abnormal noise or vibration.
g. Check jacket water inlet & outlet temperature.
h. Check Lube oil temperature & pressure.
30. During running Main Engine stops. What checks?
a. Check whether Emergency stop operated by any personnel.
b. Check level of fuel oil in Service Tank.
c. Check whether purifier working properly.
d. Check whether water is there in Service tank due to improper purification.
e. Low lube oil pressure trip operated, Check L.O P/p developing correct pressure.
f. Control air trip operated, Check control air pressure.
31. Boiler blow back what to do and reasons?
Reasons:a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Insufficient pre-purging.
Blower not working.
Accumulation of oil.
Leaky solenoid valve.
Dripping of burner.

Action:a.
Stop the firing.
b. Check the condition of burner, if it is dripping, then overhaul is required.

41

c. Do the inspection of the furnace.

d. Carry out sufficient pre-purging.
e. Start the boiler on Auto mode.
32. Boiler extinguishes what to do?
a. Accept the alarm.
b. Find out the reason for extinguishing:i.
if too low water level alarm came, then check pump is developing
correct pressure or not , its is working properly.
ii.
If Tripped on high pressure, let the steam pressure come down.
iii.
Fuel oil low pressure alarm , then check functioning of fuel pump, oil in
service tank.
iv.
Fuel oil low temp. alarm, then use the heater.
v.
Flame failure trip, then clean flame eye, check the furnace & overhaul
the burner.

33. Overhaul of fuel valve?

Safety Precautions:a. Check whether all tools and spares are available or not.
b. If so, then start the Stand by generator.
c. Check all parameters are normal.
d. Now share the load with the help of synchroscope.
e. Again check all the parameters are within normal range.
f. Put full load on the Stand by generator.
g. Stop the generator on which work has to be carried out.
h. Put MEN AT WORK tag.
i. Shut the air starting valve, fuel oil inlet & outlet valves and isolate the system.
j. Let lube oil priming pump run for half hour after then stop it.
k. Remove the lock nut of the high pressure pipe.
l. Now, remove the high pressure pipe.
m. Take out the fuel injector using it tool.
n. Put it on the testing kit.
o. Check the lifting pressure, atomization, pressure falling steadily, dripping of oil.
p. Now, take out the injector from the testing kit, put in a diesel oil & clean it.
q. Make sure the workshop table should be clean, no rags or jute to be there.
r. Put the injector on the vice and tighten it.
s. Loosen the lock nut of the injector.
t. Now loosen the compression nut to release the spring pressure, then take out the spring.
u. Open the cap nut and take out the needle and guide.
v. Put the parts on the cleaned table.
w. Check the condition of spring by dropping on the floor plate, it should jump and also check it by
tightening in the vice and then releasing. The difference in the length,no cracks to be there.
x. Check visually needle, there shouldnt be any scoring marks because it is made of Nitrite
material.
y. Try to insert the needle inside the guide at angle of 45degree, the needle should on its own
weight.
z. Check the size of injecting holes by using Go or No go gauge.
i. If go gauge is going then hole size is OK.
ii. If no go gauge going, then it means the size has increased, then nozzle needs to be changed.
iii. Now assemble the injector and do the lifting pressure setting on test kit by adjusting the
compression nut.
-iv. After this check the injector again for its lifting pressure, atomization, steady fall of pressure
and dripping.

34. How pressure testing of Globe Valve is done?

42

a. Blank one side of valve and put water from the other side, check for any leakage.
35. Overhaul of a cylinder head & what all to check?
36. Overhaul of Inlet & exhaust valve of aux.enine?
37. Function of Roto-Cap in valves & how it is overhauled?
a. It helps to rotate the valve during operation with the help of the exhaust gas, so as less wear
occurs and stress doesnt comes only at one point.
38. What is dye-pentration test, why is it done & how is it done?
Dye-Penetration test is a leak test carried out to know about the leakage/ crack in any part.
In it, first the part or unit is cleaned, paint is removed where the crack is suspected, then it marked
on the unit. If water is coming, then colour will change, which shows the crack.
39. How alkalinity test is carried out?
a. Take 200 ml water sample in the stoppered bottle.
b. Add one P.Alkalinity tablet & shake or crush to disintegrate.
c. If P.Alkalinity is present the sample will turn blue.
d. Repeat the tablet addition, one at a time, until the blue colour turns to permanent
yellow.
e. Count the number of tablets used and carry out the calculation:
P.Alkalinity, ppm CaCO3 = (Number of tablet x 20) -10
f. Record the result obtainied on the log sheet provided, against the date on
which result was obtained.
40. Why water is kept heated in hot-well?
a. To prevent oxidation
b. To avoid thermal stress on boiler.
41. Position of Unloader in AC & Ref. compressor ?
Unloader in AC & Ref. compressor is located near the suction valve of the compressor.
42. What all clearances taken in centrifugal pump?
a. The wear ring & impeller.
b. The wear ring & the casing.
c. Shaft and the bush.
43. Why centrifugal pump is not self priming?
Because of the churning effect it is not be able to remove air positively as mass of air is relatively
zero.
44. What is the position of bearing in centrifugal pump?
Near the impeller.
45. What is the position of piston when taking bearing clearances
-

Main Bearing Clearance --B.D.C

Bottom End bearing clearanceB.D.C
Cross-head bearing clearance.B.D.C

46. How to overhaul gear pump and centrifugal pump? And clearance to take.
47. How to take out connecting road?

43

48. How to test cylinder head relief valve onboard?

49. During maneuvering Bursting disc of air compressor get damaged, what action to take?
a. Inform the bridge about the problem and to give lesser kicks.
b. Start the stand by compressor.
c. Isolate the compressor whose bursting disc is damaged.
d. Change the bursting disc, if available onboard.
e. If Not available, then let the S.W go into the E/room bilges, otherwise Fresh
water cooled , then join a flexible hose and put into the expansion tank.
50. How will you test the crankcase relief door?
The testing of the C/case relief door is done at shore.
51. Reasons of Purifier overflow?
52. Procedure for doing boiler blow down?

Precautions
i.
Ensure nobody is near the ship side blow down valve.
ii.
Not to be carried out in drydock or alongside.
iii.
Valve sequence to be followed.
iv.
Boiler shouldnt be left unattended during blow down.
v.
Monitor the end of blow down. Long blow down to be avoided.
vi.
Dont blow down to the E/room bilges.
Procedure
i.
Ship side valve 1 is opened followed by valve 2.
ii.
Valve 2 is NR which is fully opened to avoid cutting off seat.
iii.
Rate of blow down controlled by Valve 3.
iv.
For scum blow down valve 4 & 5 are used.
53. Action to be taken, if chloride content is excess?
Blow down of boiler to be carried out.
54. How to blow through boiler Gauge Glass?
Procedure:
i.
Make sure drain line is clear
ii.
Close the steam outlet valve.
iii.
Close the water outlet valve.
iv.
Open the drain valve.
v.
Open the water out valve & let water flow thru it and close the valve
after blowing down with water.
vi.
Open the steam out valve and blow thru with steam.
vii.
Close steam valve.
viii.
Close the drain valve.
ix.
Now, open the water side valve.

44

x.
xi.

Let water fill up 3/4th gauge glass.

Open the steam valve slowly.

55. How to tighten boiler gauge glass after overhauling?

Procedure of tightening:
i.
First tighten all the bolts by hand slightly without putting any pressure.
ii.
Now, tighten bolt 1 & 2 equally. Then 3 & 4.
iii.
Tighten bolt 5 & 6. then 7 & 8 equally.
iv.
Tighten bolt 9 & 10.
v.
Now again tighten 7 & 8. Then 5 & 6.
vi.
Tighten bolt 3 & 4. then 1 & 2.
Or you can say we first tighten outward bolts of both side & then inward side.
Then we move in opposite steps. i.e. tight inward bolts & then outward bolts.

45