Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Enzyme Kinetics
Enzyme Kinetics
The model proposed is the one that accounts for the kinetic properties of many
enzymes:
Vinit =
Vmax [S]
KM + [S]
Michaelis-Menten
equation
k1
k-1
ES
k2
1 [E][S]
-1 [ES]
+ k2[ES]
k-1 + k2
= KM
k1
= KM
Or alternatively
[ES]
[E]T [S]
=
KM + [S]
Vinit
= k2 [ES]
k 2[E]T [S]
=
KM + [S]
Vinit
= Vmax = k2 [E]T
Vinit =
Vmax [S]
KM + [S]
Michaelis-Menten
equation
= KM
[E]affinity
T [S] - [ES][S]
A measure of the
of E for= S:KifM [ES]
k2 is <k-1 or k1,
neglecting k2, therefore [E]
KM =[S]
k-1=/k[ES](K
1
T
M + [S])
The lower the KM value, the more affinity has the
enzyme for its substrate
V=
Vmax [S]
KM + [S]
Vmax [S]
[S] + [S]
Vmax
2
V=
Vmax [S]
KM + [S]
1
V
1
V
KM + [S]
Vmax [S]
KM
Vmax [S]
KM
Vmax [S]
1
Vmax
[S]
Vmax [S]
Lineweaver-Burk Plot
The Lineweaver-Burke plot has the form y = mx + b, and is
the formula for a straight line
1
V
KM
=
Vmax
[S]
1
Vmax
a plot of 1/V versus 1/[S] will give a straight line with slope
of KM/Vmax and y intercept of 1/Vmax
such a plot is known as a Lineweaver-Burk double
reciprocal plot
Double reciprocal plots can easily be understood and
provide recognizable pattern for the study of ENZYME
INHIBITION
Turnover Numbers
Vmax is related to the turnover number of enzyme:also
called kcat
V max
Enzyme Inhibition
Reversible inhibitor: a substance that binds to an enzyme to inhibit
it, but can be released
Competitive Inhibition
o Substrate must compete with inhibitor for the active
site; more substrate is required to reach a given
reaction velocity
EI
E + S
ES
KI =
[E][I]
[EI]
Competitive Inhibition
Competitive Inhibition
No inhibition
1 = KM
V
Vmax
m
y =
1
S
1
Vmax
b
KM
Vmax
1 +
m
[I]
KI
1
S
1
Vmax
b
E
-I
ES
E + P
-S
+I
-I
+S
EI
+I
ESI
-S
max =
Vmax
1 + [I]/K I
1
Vmax
y =
m x + b
In the presence of a noncompetitive inhibitor
1
V
KM
Vmax
1 +
m
[I]
KI
1
S
1
Vmax
1 +
[I]
KI
Uncompetitive Inhibition
Uncompetitive Inhibition
Summary
Effects of reversible inhibitors on kinetic constants
Type of Inhibitor
Effect
Competitive (I binds to E
only)
Uncompetitive (I binds to
ES only)
Non-competitive (I binds to
E or to ES)
Lowers Vmax; KM
unchanged