Experiment 5

Topic

: Volumetric stochiometry

Purpose

: to determine the exact concentration of monobasic acid, HX

Question

: you are provided with a monobasic acid, HX, with a concentration in the
range of 0.5 mol dm-3 to 1.0 mol dm -3. You are required to plan and carry
out an experiment to determine the exact concentration of the HX solution
provided.

Materials
KA 1 is a solution containing an unknown acid, HX with a concentration varying from
0.5 mol dm-3 to 1.0 mol dm -3
KA2 is a solution containing sodium carbonate, NA2CO3 with a concentration of 1.0 mol
dm-3
Phenolphthalein as indicator

Apparatus
Weighing bottle, volumetric flask 500 ml or 500 cm 3, electric balance, filter funnel,
wash bottles, droppers, beaker, retort stand, burette, pipette, sucker, conical flasks,
white tiles, distilled water and a spatula.
Theory
The equation of neatralisation as following:
H 2 O
++ OH
H
To find the mass,m needed for the base , we have
No of moles =

MV
1000

m
MV
=
Mr 1000
m=

MV
Mr
1000

Where m= mass needed

M=concentration of the base
V=volume of the base

Mr=Relative molecular mass

The concentration of the monobasic acid can be found through the formula below :
MAV A x
=
MBV B y
Where

M A=

concentration of the monobasic acid

M B =concentration of the base

V A = volume of the monobasic acid from titration
V B =volume of the base
x =number of moles of the monobasic acid
y =number of moles of the base

Introduction
Preparation of a standard solution of sodium hydroxide, NaOH is done by dissolving
pure sodium metals in water, H2O. In the process, small sparks are seen as the
reaction takes place. The Na+ ions react with OH- ions to form sodium hydroxide
solution which used in second part of the experiment. Sodium hydroxide solution can
be prepared by dissolving sodium hydroxide pellets with certain amount of water to
get suitable molarity.
Procedure:
Part 1: preparing a standard solution of 1.0 mol dm -3 sodium hydroxide,
NaOH.
1. A electronic balance and weighing bottle are used to weigh 10 g of sodium
hydroxide powder using a spatula.
2. The solid are carefully tipped into a beaker containing distilled water.
3. Any solids remaining in the weighing bottle is washed into the beaker into the
beaker with a wash bottle.
4. After dissolving the solid, the final solution is carefully transferred into the
volumetric flask using a glass rod and a filter funnel.
5. About reaching the volume needed, stop at 1 or 2 cm from the line. By using a
dropper or a wash bottle, carefully filling it until the mark.
6. The flask is then shaken to mix the solution thoroughly.
7. The solution prepared is a standard solution of 1.0 mol dm -3 or 1.0M.
Part 2: Titration of 1.0 mol dm-3 sodium hydroxide, NaOH, with an unknown
acid, HX with a concentration between 0.5 mol dm-3 to 1.0 mol dm-3
Pipette 25cm3 of KA1 into the titration flask. Titre the solution with KA2.

Repeat titration as many times as you think it is necessarily to achieve accurate

results.

Results:
Titration

Rough

Accurate
Second
24.80

First
Third
Final
25.00
24.90
reading / cm3
Intitial
0.00
0.00
0.00
3
reading/ cm
Volume of
25.00
24.70
24.80
3
KA2/ cm
i)
25cm3 of KA 1 required __24.75__cm3 of KA 2 for a complete reaction.
24.70+ 24.80
2
=24.75 cm
ii)
Average titre value =
2
Calculation:
HX ( aq )+ NaOH ( aq ) Nax ( aq )+ H 2 O (l)
M AV A
MBV B

M AV A
MBV B

= 1

MA

x
y
1

1 M BV B
(
)
1
VA

()

1( 25.0)
= 24.75
=1.010 Mol dm-3
Conclusion:
The exact concentration of a monobasic acid , HX is 1.
Precaution

1. Sodium in metal form is highly reactive. Wearing protective gears and

precautionary steps are taken to minimize accidents during the process of
cutting Sodium (natrium , Na) solids.
2.Handle sodium metal with gloves. Sodium is reactive when come in contact with
water.