Construction 2

Surfaces and Paving

By
Roderick Nairn
rod@woodpeckerdesigns.co.uk

Surfaces
A key element in most schemes
Must be fit for purpose
In harmony with style and character of the location
Within budget

Surface Categories
Surfaces fall into two main categories
Flexible
Rigid

Anatomy Of A Paved Surface

A Flexible Surface Concrete Pavers

Sub Base Depths

A Plate Compactor

Materials For Surface Construction

1
Natural Stone
Sandstone
Limestone
Granite
Travertine
Basalt

Slate

Sandstone Flagstones

Limestone Flagstones

Granite Flagstones

Travertine

Basalt

Slate

Common Finishes for Stone

Stone can be further enhanced by being :Riven
Sawn
Picked
Flamed
Sand blasted

Tumbled

Concrete
Mix

Type of Concrete Work

Ratio

C7.5

Weak mix for light foundations, haunching and slab laying

1:3:6

C20

Concrete Foundations, sub bases, general reinforced concrete

1:2:4

C30

Heavy reinforced work, cast steps, water proof floors and tanks

1:1:3

Concrete

Materials For Surface Construction

2
Concrete and reconstituted stone flagstones

Pressed Flagstones

Concrete

Reconstituted Stone

Pointing Systems

Materials For Surface Construction

3
Small modular paving
Stone setts
Concrete and clay pavers

Granite Setts

Sandstone Setts

Sandstone Setts

Rectangular Concrete Blocks

Tumbled Blocks

Clay Pavers

Materials For Surface Construction

4
Granular Surfaces
The main group of flexible surfaces

Bitumen Bound -Tar and Chip or Spray and Chip

Sealed Gravel - Spray and Chip

Water Bound Surfaces

Self Binding Surfaces
BREEDON GRAVEL

HOGGIN

Loose Laid Surfaces

Resin Bound Shingle

Resin Bound Shingle

Resin Bound or Bonded Aggregates

Resin Bound or Bonded Aggregates

Concrete in situ

Concrete in situ

Concrete in situ

Concrete in situ

Concrete in situ

Concrete in situ

Edge Details
Edge restraints and kerbs
Mowing edges

Kerb

Restraint

Restraint

Materials For Surface Construction

5
Timber Decking

Hardwood or Softwood ?

Decking
In ground construction

Decking
Joist Support Pads

Decking
Paving Support Pads

Drainage
Foul water
Surface water
Land drainage

Falls

Drainage solutions
Where can the run off water go?

Beds

Gulleys

Channels or
Gutters

Linear Drains

French Drain

Soak Away

Soak Away

Attenuation Crates - Soak Away