BOOK-1: GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT

AND ENERGY AUDIT

Table of Contents
Chapter
1

ENERGY SCENARIO

1.1

Introduction

1.2

Primary and Secondary Energy

1.3

Commercial Energy and Non commercial Energy

1.4

Renewable and Non Renewable Energy

1.5

Global Primary Energy Reserves

1.6

Indian Energy Scenario

1.7

Energy Needs of Growing Economy

1.8

Long Term Energy Scenario for India

1.9

Energy Pricing in India

10

1.10

Energy Sector Reforms

11

1.11

Energy and Environment

13

1.12

Energy Security

21

1.13

Energy Conservation and its Importance

22

1.14

Energy Strategy for the Future

24

1.15

The Energy Conservation Act, 2001 and its Features

25

BASICS OF ENERGY AND ITS VARIOUS FORMS

2.1

Definition

38

2.2

Various Forms of Energy

38

2.3

Electrical Energy Basics

40

2.4

Thermal Energy Basics

45

2.5
3

Units and Conversions

52

ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND AUDIT

3.1

Definition & Objectives of Energy Management

57

3.2

Energy Audit: Types and Methodology

57

3.3

Energy Audit Reporting Format

66

3.4

Understanding Energy Costs

71

3.5

Benchmarking and Energy Performance

72

3.6

Matching Energy Usage to Requirement

75

3.7

Maximising System Efficiency

75

3.8

Fuel and Energy Substitution

76

3.9

Energy Audit Instruments

77

MATERIAL AND ENERGY BALANCE

4.1

Basic Principles

82

4.2

The Sankey Diagram and its Use

84

4.3

Material Balances

85

4.4

Energy Balances

91

4.5

Method for Preparing Process Flow Chart

96

4.6

Facility as an Energy System

98

4.7

How to Carryout Material and Energy (M & E) Balance

100

ENERGY ACTION PLANNING

5.1

Introduction

108

5.2

Energy Management System

108

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
6.1

Introduction

139

6.2

Investment Need, Appraisal and Criteria

139

6.3

Financial Analysis

140

6.4

Financial Analysis Techniques

142

6.5

Sensitivity and Risk Analysis

148

6.6

Financing Options

150

PROJECT MANAGEMENT
7.1

Introduction

154

7.2

Steps in Project Management

154

8.

ENERGY MONITORING AND TARGETING

8.1

Definition

172

8.2

Elements of Monitoring & Targeting System

172

8.3

A Rationale for Monitoring, Targeting and Reporting

173

8.4

Data and Information Analysis

173

8.5

Relating Energy Consumption and Production

175

8.6

CUSUM

179

8.7

Case Study

180

9.

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

9.1

Global Environmental Issues

184

9.2

Ozone Layer Depletion

184

9.3

Global Warming

187

9.4

Loss of Biodiversity

189

9.5

Climatic Change Problem and Response

190

9.6

The Conference of the Parties (COP)

194

9.7

Prototype Carbon Fund (PCF)

199

9.8

Sustainable Development

200