Rahnuma E Zaer (Part 1)

fpl_ydp-A-TpBf
cpN - 1
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qL$spb_y _pd
fpl_ydp-A-TpBf (cpN-1)
Aphq : `lgu (abyApfu 2014)
_L$g : 2000
lqv$ep : $p.70/- (cpN-1 A_ 2)
kL$g_ A_ L$pi_ :
lp _p ddpqfeg V$V$
DF/L 8[SZF4 VF\AFRMS4
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... b bpg ...

Apl kylp_ly h sApgp_p aTgp
L$fd\u A_ Qlpfv$p dpAk|du_p_p
hkugp\u k_ 1990dp lp _p
kpl b _p dy M guk QplL$p A_
AL$uv$sdv$pA Ap`_u dTlbu A_
kpdprS>L$ rMv$ds_u L$v$fv$p_u$` Ap`_pS>
_pd\u cph_Nf dyL$pd lp _p
ddpqfeg V$V$_u \p`_p L$fu. S>dp
dfl|d Apdp lp _p kplb_u A^|fu
hprli_ `|fu L$fhp r_Mpgkcph
dTlbu A_ kpdprS>L$ hq i$ L$fhpdp
Aphu ApS> kyûdp _hy S>V$gu v$u_u
qL$spbp_y L$pi_ L$fg R> kp\ kp\

ApS>_p Ap^yr_L$ eyN_u S>$fsp_ ep_dp
gB hbkpBV$dp qL$spbp d|L$hpdp Aphu R>.
s D`fps Ap hbkpBV$dp ApqX$ep A_
huX$uAp_u `Z kyrh^p D`g^ R>. A_
AL$ bpX$N_y `Z kQpg_ L$fhpdp Aph R>
S>dp lpgdp bph_ bpmL$p gpc gB
fp R>.
Ap qL$spb L$pi__p dL$kv$ dpV$u
v$mv$pf qL$spbp_u S>epA `pL$V$ kpBT_u
_p_L$X$u `yqsL$pdp qTepfsp, Apdpgp,
vy$ApAp hNf sys L$fhp_p R>. Ap
qL$spbdp qTepfs_u ANe_u dye dye
bû S> bpbsp Aphfu ghpdp Aphu R>.

Ap qL$spb_p k`pv$_ L$fhpdp _uQ dyS>b
qL$spbp_p DèpN L$fhpdp Apep R>.
1) splaA _|f (cpN-8)
2) d$p-dv$u_p-BfpL$-Bfp_ A_ ipd_u
qTepfsp
3) dapsulyg rS>_p_
4) qTepas Tful
5) Dv|$-NyS>fpsu iv$L$pi
6) X$ZuL$pi
7) aufpTyg gyNps
8) rdbplyg gyNps
Ap qL$spb_p L$pedp klL$pf

Ap`_pf sdpd cpBAp Mpk L$fu_ lp
L$pkdcpB hpZu_p Apcpfu Ry>. Ap
qL$spb_p gpc g_pf sdpd hpQL$p_
Adpfp dpV$ vy$ApA Mf L$fhp rh_su R>.
lp Nygpdlyk_ dOpZu
(d_N V$V$u)
lp _p ddpqfeg V$V$
A_y$drZL$p
1
2
AdyL$ S>$fu dkpAg

AdyL$ Afbu A_ apfku
iv$p_u kdS>Z
3 Apv$pb kaf
4 `rh \mp_u rhNs
5 ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p
Apv$pb
6 _S>a Aifa_p _L$ip
7 lTfs Agu A.k._u
qTepfs_u aTugs
8 lTfs Agu A.k._u qTepfs
9 l. Apv$d A.k._u qTepfs
10 l. _|l A.k. _u qTepfs
01
05
11
17
20
24
26
30
80
82
11 rhv$pA Adu$g
dpAd_u_ A.k.
12 dqS>v$ lp_p
13 fpTA L$pdg
14 dqS>v$ L|$ap_p _L$ip
15 dqS>v$ L|$ap_u aTugs
16 dqS>v$ L|$ap_p Apdpg
17 dL$pd Bbplud A.k.
18 dL$pd rMTf A.k.
19 v$$syg L$Tp
20 dL$pd bsys ss
21 dL$pd lTfs dpldv$
dysyap k.A.h.
22 dL$pd lTfs Apv$d A.k.
23 dL$pd rS>bBg A.k.
90
97
106
108
110
112
117
127
127
130
135
137
158
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
dL$pd B.T_yg Apbv$u_ A.k.

dL$pd lTfs _|l A.k.
lTfs Agu A.k._u dlfpb
dL$pd B. S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k.
lTfs Agu A.k._p kyaap
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
l.dyqgd rb_ AL$ug A.k.
_u qTepfs
S>_pb lp_u rb_ Dfhpl_u
qTepfs
rTepfs dyspf kL$au (A.f.)
dqS>v$ klgp_p _L$ip
dqS>v$ klgp
dL$pd B. S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k.
dL$pd lTfs Bbplud A.k.
163
172
175
177
180
188
194
213
217
220
222
231
237
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
dL$pd lTfs Bv$fuk A.k. 240

dL$pd lTfs qMTf A.k.
242
dL$pd kpglu_ A.k.
244
dL$pd B. T_yg Apbv$u_ A.k. 248
dL$pd B.kplbyTTdp_ A.k. 250
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ A_ kpAkp
rb_ kplp__u dqS>v$ rhi 263
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ (fTu.)_u
dqS>v$
264
kpAkp rb_ kplp_ (fTu.)_u
dqS>v$
275
qTepfs dAl
284
vy$ApA Apguesyg dTpdu_ 289
AdyL$ S>$fu dkpAg
AdyL$ S>$fu dkpAg

1) dk
y pafs_u lpgsdp Qpf fL$pshpmu
_dpT_ L$ AV$g L$ b fL$ps `X$hp_u lpe
R>. A_ s_p dpV$ AdLy$ isp R>. S>dL$
Aphhp-S>hp_u dk
y pafu_y Asf ApW$ afkM
(gNcN 45 L$u.du.) lphy BA. v$k qv$hk
k^yu fpL$phhp_p Bfpv$p _ lpe. rhNf...
2) L$pB S>epA v$k qv$hk kyû
fpL$phhp_p Bfpv$p lpe A_ AL$ Qpf
fL$pshpmu _dpT `Y$u ghpdp Aph. `R>u
Bfpv$p bv$gpe A_ v$k qv$hk L$fsp ApRy>
fpL$phhp_p Bfpv$p L$f sp ep kyû ep
fli. _dpT `|fu `X$i.
1
A_y$drZL$p
AdyL$ S>$fu dkpAg
3) L$pB S>epA v$k qv$hk kyû

fpL$phhp_p Bfpv$p lpe A_ AL$ Qpf
fL$pshpmu _dpT `Y$ep `lgp A\hp
_dpT v$frdep_ Bfpv$p bv$gpe A_ v$k
qv$hk L$fsp ApRy> fpL$phhp_p Bfpv$p L$f sp
_dpT L$ `X$i.
4) dykpafu v$frdep_ bk, V$_ L$
g_dpS> _dpT_p kde husu e sd
lpe sp Qpgy bk V$_ L$ g_ hNfdp S>
isp_u mhZu ie b_ s isp kp\
_dpT `Y$hu. S>d L$, sdpd _dpT
v$frdep_ qL$gp sfa flhy iL$e _ lpe. sp
as sL$bufsyg Alfpd L$lsu hMs
qL$gp sfa fl. $L|$A, kySyv$ bhu gphhy
2
A_y$drZL$p
AdyL$ S>$fu dkpAg
ie _ lpe sp bW$p bW$p S> fus ie b_

s fus Ad v$hy BA rhNf...
5) dqS>vy $ g lfpddp , dqS>v$
_bhudp A_ dqS>v$ Ly$apdp dykpaf `|fu
_dpT `X$u iL$ R>, bL$ d$p dv$u_p A_
Ly$ap_p ApMpe ilfdp `psp_u _dpTp `|fu
`X$u iL$i. D`fps lTfs kevy$iplv$p
Bdpd lyk_ Agrlkgpd_p lfddp
Ad_u L$b dybpfL$\u `Quk lp\_p Asf
kyû `|fu _dpT `X$u iL$ R>.
D`f S>Zphg S>epA `|fu _dpT
`Y$hp_p Bqsepf R>. AV$g Qpl sp `|fu
`X$ A_ Qpl sp L$ `Y$.
6)
Apfsp_ lT (dprkL$ph)_u
3
A_y$drZL$p
AdyL$ S>$fu dkpAg
lpgsdp lfd dybpfL$_u Av$f Tfulhpmp

$ddp v$pMg \hy lfpd R>. `fsy
Apk`pk_p fhpL$ ($d)dp Dcp flu_
qTepfs `Y$hpdp L$pB hp^p _\u.
7)
epf lpV$g hNfdp S>dhp e epf

(A) S>dhp_y gph_pf dk
y gdp_ R> L$ _rl
s_u s`pk L$fhu S>$fu _\u. cg `R>u
s`pk L$fhy Apkp_ lpe.
(B)
S>dhp_y gph_pf dyiqfL$ lpe.
Ap b_ lpgsdp Nps A_ s_u b_phV$

rkhpe_u hsyAp _k \hp_y eL$u_ _
lpe. sp Mphpdp L$pB hp^p _\u. (S>v$uv$
auL$lu dkpAg, dkAgp _.155-156)
4
A_y$drZL$p
AdyL$ Afbu A_ apfku iv$p_u kdS>Z
AdyL$ Afbu A_ apfku

iv$p_u kdS>Z
NyS>fpsu
`p
A^y
`p
AL$
b
Z
Qpf
`pQ
R>
Afbu
$bA
r_a
kyk
hplv$
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kgpkp
AfbA
Mkp
rkp
apfku
$bA
r_d
kyk
eL$
v$p
k
Qlpf
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rii
A_y$drZL$p
kps
kbAp
ApW$
kdp_ep
_h
rskAp
v$k
Aifp
ArNepf
Alv$pAif
bpf
B_pAif
sf
kgpkpAif
QDv$
AfbpAif
`v$f
MkpAif
kpm
rkpAif
kf
kbApAif
AY$pf
kdp_epAif
ApNZuk rskApAif
6
las
ls
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v$l
epTv$p
v$hpTv$p
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rlav$p
rlQv$p
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A_y$drZL$p
hui
uk
Qpguk
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kpBW$
rkf
Aiu
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kp
bkp
Zkp
Qpfkp
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Bi$_
kgpk|_
AfbD_
Mk|_
rk|_
kbD_
kdp_|_
suD_
dAl
dAs_
kgpkpdAl
AfbApdAl
MkpdAl
rbs
ku
Qlg
`l
is
laspv$
lspv$
_hv$
kv$
v$hus
kukv$
Qlpfkv$
`p_kv$
A_y$drZL$p
R>kp
kpskp
ApW$kp
_hkp
lf
iy qL$ds R> ?
gB Aph
Aph
dpOy
ksy
Ap`
gB g
bf
rkpdAl
kbApdAl
kdp_edAl
rskApdAl
Aa
L$rdg qL$dsp
b
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Npgu
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ApAs
MyT
k|L$
iuikv$
laskv$
lskv$
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lTpf
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rbephf
rbep
rNfp_
AfS|>_
bv$l
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A_y$drZL$p
Ap
s
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Dsfu h
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lpTp
TpL$
BfL$b
A_Tgy
kepfl
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rdep
MyT
lgub
gb_
gld
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B_
D_
khpf ihuv$
èpv$ ihuv$
dpiu_
bbu_
Apb
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iuf
dps
Nys
Qpe
My_L$
A_y$drZL$p
Nfd
yV$
HXy$
AMbpf
fsp
lpf
ahpL$l
bvy$_
S>fuv$sy_
ipfA
v$pN
dhp
syM dyfO
fpT_pd
Mepbp_
ly budpf Ry> A_p dfuTy_ d_ budpf Ad
ly Apep
Xy$Nmu
Ngu
S>Asp
bkg
TpL$pL$
Apdv$d
rèpT
Ly$Q
10
A_y$drZL$p
Apv$pb kaf
Apv$pb kaf
kaf `f S>sp `lgp
1) kaf `f S>sp `lgp Nyg L$f. b
fL$ps _dpT `Y$. Apesyg Ly$fku A_ k|fA
Aglv$ `Y$. `R>u kghps `Y$u_ Ap vy$Ap
`Y$.
V<,FC]dD .gGL99 V:TJ\N[VM2S,3 IjD

GO;L J V[C3,L J DF,L J J],3NL J DG3
SFG lDgGL A[ ;AL,L GLX3XFC[N
lDG3C]D J,3 UF1V[AP V<,FC]dDC14 Oh5GF
A[ lC2O3hL6,3 .DFG[ JC14Oh54 V1,iGF
V<,FC]dDH3 V1,3GF OL ZC14DT[S J,F
T;3,]aGF Oh14,S .gGF .,iS ZFU2[A]G
11
A_y$drZL$p
Apv$pb kaf
V<,FC]dD .gGF Gp2hM8A[S lDG3

JV14;F7.;3 ;OZ[P JSFATL, D]G3S1,A[ J
;].,3 DG3h5Z OL,3 VC3,[ J,3 DF,[P J,3
J,N[ lON3 N ] l GIF J,3 VFB[ 2 Z T[ P
V<,FC]dD .gGL VTJHHCM .,iS
CFh7T3 TJHHMC T1,AG3 ,[ DZ3hF1T[S J
TS1Z0MAG3 .,iSP V<,FC]dD
OA<,LU14GL DF VMVdD[,MC] J VZH]CM
OLS JOL VJ3,LIFV[S IF VZ3C1DZ3
ZFC2[DLGP
Ae Apl ! ApS>_p qv$hk dpfu
_, dp$ Mp_v$p_, dpfu Apgpv$ A_ S>
L$pB dpfp\u kb^ fpM R>. Qpl s lpS>f
12
A_y$drZL$p
Apv$pb kaf
lpe L$ Npeb. s_ kp`y Ry>. spfu `_pldp

Ap`y Ry>. Ae Apl ! Adpfu rlapS>s
L$f. Adpfp Bdp_ A_ Adpfu __u
rlapS>s L$f. Ae Apl ! Ad_ spfu
flds_u R>pepdp fpM A_ Ad_ spfp
aTgp L$fd\u v|$f _ L$f. Ad spfu sfa
fNbs ^fph_pf R>uA. Ae Apl
kafdp dyL$guAp\u dpeyk \B_ `pRy>
afhp\u A_ Adpfp Mp_v$p_, Adpfp dpg
A_ Adpfu Apgpv$_u bpbsdp vy$r_ep
A_ ApMfs_u b|fpB\u Ad spfu `_pl
dpNuA R>uA. Ae Apl ! Ad spfu sfa
shS L$fuA R>uA. spfu Myi_yv$u A_
spfu _S>v$uL$u lprkg L$fhp dpV$. bk
13
A_y$drZL$p
Apv$pb kaf
Adpfu A ApfS|>Ap kyû Ad_ `lpQpX$u

v$ S> spfp\u A_ spfp AprgepAp\u R>.
Ae fld L$f_pfpApdp kp\u h^pf fld
L$f_pf.
2) kgpdsu dpV$ kv$L$p Ap`. kv$L$p
Ap`su hMs Ap vy$Ap `Y$.
V<,FC]dD .gGL xTZI3TM A[

CFh[8CL;14 ;1NS1T[P ;,FDTL J ;,FDT
;OZL JDF D.1 V<,FC]dDC14 Oh54GL JC14
Oh54 DF D.1 J ;<,LDGL J ;<,LD3 DF
D.1 J A<,LU1GL J A<,LU41 DF D.1P A[
A,F U2[S,3 C1;GL,3 HDL,[
Ae Apl ! ly Qply Ry> L$ Ap kv$L$p_p
14
A_y$drZL$p
Apv$pb kaf
bv$gpdp dpfu kgpdsu, dpfu kaf_u

kgpdsu A_ A QuS>-hsyAp_u
kgpdsu S> dpfu kp\ R>. Ae Apl !
dpfu rlapS>s L$f A_ S> dpfu kp\ R> s_u
rlapS>s L$f A_ d_ kgpdsu Ap`. A_
S> dpfu kp\ R> s_ kgpdsu Ap`. d_
A_ S> dpfu kp\ R> s_ Mfp-Apaues
kp\ dqTg `f `lpQpX$u v$.
3) kgpdsu dpV$ \pX$uL$ MpL$ riap kp\
fpM. A_ kp\ fpMsu hMs Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD CFh8[CL T2LGTM S1A|L,3

C1];{G V1,liC:;,FDM J,LiI[S JaG[
J,LiI[S .B1h47TMCF lC1Z3hG3 ,[DF
VBF1OM J DF,F VBF1OMP
15
A_y$drZL$p
Apv$pb kaf
Ae Apl ! Ap Bdpd lyk_

(A.k.)_u L$b_u dpV$u R>. S> spfp hgu R>
A_ spfp hgu_p afTv$ R>. A hsy\u L$
S>_p\u ly X$$ Ry> A_ A hsy\u L$ S>_p\u ly
_\u X$fsp s_u `_pl dpV$ Ap_ (MpL$
riap_) D`pXy$ Ry>.
4) kgpdsu dpV$ AL$uL$ A_ aufpTp_u
h]V$u kp\ fpMhu.
5) kafdp kp\uAp kp\ kv$hs_
fpMhy.
6) kaf\u `pR>p afsu hMs `psp_p
Ly$Vy$bu, kNp _luAp A_ v$psp dpV$
splap (cpsy) gph.
16
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
`rh \mp_u rhNs

_S>a : lfddp :
(1) lTfs Agu A.k._u L$b (2)
lTfs Apv$d A.k. _u L$b (3) lTfs
_|l (A.k.)_u L$b (4) Apdp eykya
rb_ dTprlf rlu fl._u L$b (5)
Apdp dyL$v$k Afv$bgu fl._u L$b (Ap
b L$bp lfd_p rd_pfpdp Ry>`pAgu R>.)
lfd_u blpf :
(1) dL$pd Bdpd T_gy Apbv$u_ A.k. (2)
Apdp iM
Aby S>Aaf sk
| u_p dL$bfp
(3) Apesypl MBy_u L$b A_ dqS>v$
hpv$uDkgpd :
(1) lTfs lyv$ A.k. _p dL$bfp (2)
17
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
lTfs kpgl A.k._p dL$bfp (3) dL$pd

Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k. (4) dL$pd
Bdpd Tdp_p
Ly$ap ilf_u _S>v$uL$ :
(1) lTfs Ly$dg rb_ qTepv$_p dL$bfp
(2) dqS>v$ l_p_p (3) lTfs Bbplud
B_ dykp B_ Bdpd lk_ A.k._p
dL$bfp (4) S>_pb rdkd sdpf_p
dL$bfp, (5) dqS>v$ Tv$ A_ dqS>v$
kpAkp (dqS>v$ klgp_u _S>v$uL$)
Ly$ap :
(1) dqS>v$ ayL$p : dlfpb A_ rdbf
lTfs Agu A.k., `Nbfp A_ ABdp
A.k._p dykp, A S>ep S>ep\u s|ap_
18
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
_|l_u i$Aps \B lsu, lTfs dyqgd

rb_ AL$ug_p dL$bfp, S>_pb Aduf
dyspf_u L$b, S>_pb lp_u B_
Dfhpl_p dL$bfp, (2) lTfs Agu
A.k._y Of (3) S>_pb Mv$u kgp.
B_ Agu A.k._p dL$bfp (4) lTfs
ey_yk A.k._p dL$bfp (s S>ep L$ S>ep
Ap`_ dpR>guA `psp_p `V$dp\u Ap`_
`pR>p L$pY$ep lsp) dqS>v$ klgp : Bdpd
S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k._p dykp, lTfs
Bbplud A.k._p dykp, lTfs Bv$fuk
A.k._p dykp, lTfs rMTf A.k._p
dykp, dL$pd kpglu_, Bdpd T_yg
Apbv$u_ A.k._p dykp, dL$pd Bdpd
Tdp_p A.k.
19
A_y$drZL$p
ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p Apv$pb
ABdp A.k._u
qTepfs_p Apv$pb
(1) TpBfu_ dykpafu_ _uL$mhp
`lgp Nykg L$f (2) dpNdp _L$pdu hpsp
A_ gX$pB TOX$p\u bQ (3) v$fL$ Bdpd_p
fpTp_u qTepfs dpV$ S>hp `lgp Nykg L$f
(4) _p`pL$u\u v|$f fl, A_ bphTy fl.
(5) `pL$ kpa A_ hR> L$`X$p `lf (6)
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs rkhpe
bpL$u_p ABdp_u qTepfs L$fhp S>su
hMs Myb| gNph (7) fpTp dybpfL$
D`f S>su hMs lmh `Ng Qpg, dp\p_
S|>L$phu_ Qpg, ApSy> bpSy> Sy>A _rl.
20
A_y$drZL$p
sL$buf, lv$ A_ kghps `Y$sp fl . (8)

lfd dybpfL$_p v$fhpTp `pk Dcp flu
BT_ vy$M|g `Y$, _dsp A_ Ap kp\,
L$prii L$f L$ ApMdp\u Apky _uL$m . (9)
lfd dybpfL$dp v$pMg \su hMs `lgp
S>dZp `N Av$f d|L$ A_ blpf _uL$msu
hMs X$pbp `N. (10) Tful dybpfL$\u
AV$gp _L$ fl L$ Tful dybpfL$\u hmNu
iL$pe, Tful dybpfL$_ Q|d A_ lp\p\u
`L$X$ (11) ANf Dcp Dcp qTepfs
`X$hpdp L$pB sL$gua lpe sp bku_ `Z
qTepfs `Y$. (12) qTepfsp Ahu `Y$ L$
S> Bdpdp\u qfhpes \egu lpe. `psp_u
21
A_y$drZL$p
s L$ buAp_u b_phgu qTepfsp _

`Y$. (13) qTepfs `Y$u gu^p `R>u b
fL$ps _dpT lqv$eA qTepfs `Y$. (14)
lfd dybpfL$dp v$pMg \hp V$pBd _dpT
\B flu lpe sp \d _dpT `Y$. `R>u
qTepfs `Y$. (15) Tflu dybpfL$ `pk
bku_ Ly$fAp_ dv$_u rsgphs L$f.
(16) `psp_p Ny_plp_u spbp L$f A_
Bfpv$p L$f L$ lh\u Ny_plp\u `flT L$fui
(17) `psp_p ilfdp `pR>p S>su hMs
v$fL$ lfd dybpfL$dp qTepfs rhv$pA `Y$
(18) iM, iluv$ fl. A afdpey R> L$,
S>epf qTepfs L$fu g sp ep\u `pR>p
22
A_y$drZL$p
hmhp dpV$ Dsphm L$f A_ bu hMs

qTepfs dpV$ Aphhp_u BR>pAp es L$f
(19) `rh \mpA ep_p Nfub gpL$p_u
cf`|f dv$v$ L$f.
23
A_y$drZL$p
GHO[ VXZOGF ZMhFGM GSXM

K
J
C
F
24
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Agu A.k._p fpTp_u rhNsp

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
CP V,L VP;PGL SA|

CP G}C VP;PGL SA|
CP VFND VP;PGL SA|
V<,FDF D]S; VZNA[,LGL SA|
V<,FDF lC<,LGL SA|
:+LVM DF8[ GDFhGL HuIF
5ZXF/
D]bI NZJFHF[
AFA], SLa,F
VFIT]<,FC B}.GL SA|
VFIT]<,FC B}.GL Dl:HN
25
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Agu A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs
_S>a Aifa
lTfs Agu A.k._u
qTepfs_u aTugs
_S>a Aifa A `rh S>ep R> ep
dyqL$g Ly$ip lTfs Adu$g dpAd_u_
Bdpd dyL$u_ Agu A.k._p `pL$ fpTp
Aphgp R>. lv$ukp\u `|fhpf \pe R> L$ s_u
Apk`pk, S>_pb Apv$d A.k. S>_pb
_|l A.k. S>_pb lyv$ A.k. S>_pb kpgl
A.k. S>_pb ey_yk A.k. A_ sd_p
rkhpe OZp _buAp A_ hkuAp_u L$bfp
Aphgu R> lTfs Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$
A.k. afdph R> L$, dpZk dpfp v$pv$p
26
A_y$drZL$p
Adu$g dpAd_u_ A._u qTepfs bhu

gph A_ s Ap`_p l$p_ ApmMsp lpe
A_ Ap`_ rbgp ag Mguap dp_sp lpe
sp Myv$p s_p dpV$ AL$ gpM iluv$p_p khpb
Asp L$f R>, A_ s_p `lgp_p A_ `R>u_p
sdpd Ny_plp_ bnu Ap` R> A_ s_
L$epdsdp r_cf DW$pX$hpdp Aphi s_p `f
rlkpb qL$spb Apkp_ L$fu v$hpdp Aphi.
lv$ukp\u h^ydp Zhp dm R> L$
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._y dsL$ `Z Al] v$a_
L$fhpdp Apey R>.
S>epf TpBf qTepfs dpV$ Aph R>
epf aqfspAp s_y hpNs L$f R> A_
hp`kudp Of kyû `lpQpX$hp Aph R>.
27
A_y$drZL$p
fspdp budpf \B e sp s_u kpfhpf

L$f R>, A_ dfu e sp s_p S>_pTpdp
ifuL$ \pe R>. s_p dpV$ bqni_u vy$Ap
L$fsp L$fsp s_ L$bf kyû `lpQpX$ R>, A_
S> L$pB lTfs Adu$g dpAd_u_
A.k._u qTepfs dpV$ e R> sp Myv$p s_p
v$fL$ L$v$d `f AL$ dL$b|g lS> A_ `kv$uv$p
Ddfp_p khpb Asp L$f R> A_
`N`pmp e sp v$fL$ `Ng b dL$b|g lS>
A_ b `kv$uv$p Ddfp_p khpb Ap` R>.
epf `R>u Ap` B_ dpfv$_ kbpû
afdpey L$ Ae B_ dpfv$ ! Myv$p_u L$kd !
A dpZk_ S>ld_u ApN S>gphi _rl,
S> lTfs Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k._u
28
A_y$drZL$p
rTepfs L$fhp ^|mdp MfX$pAgu lpgsdp

`N `pmp A\hp khpfu `f S>i. Ae B_
dpfv$ dpfu Ap hps_ kp_p_p `pZu\u gMu
g. qTepfs_u aTugs A_ khpb rhi
OZu lv$ukp V$pL$hpdp Aphg R>. `Z
gbpZ_u buL$ ApV$gy `|fsy kdS>hpdp
Aph R>. ep_dp fl L$ epf lTfs Agu
A.k._u qTepfs `Y$hp_p Bfpv$p L$f epf
`lgp Nykg L$f. `pL$ kpa L$`X$p `lf A_
Myb| gNpX$.
29
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Agu A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs Agu A.k._u

qTepfs
kl__p apV$L$ D`f `lpQ sp `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD .gG CFh7,3 C1ZD C1ZDMS J,3

DSF1D DSF1DMS J VGF VN3BM2,M .,I3C[
VMGFS A[ DF VG3T VV14,DM A[CL
lDgGL J lDG3 l;Z3ZL J GH3JFI V,3
C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 C1gGFlG,3 DgGFlG,3
DMTT1jJ[l,,3 ,hL8 lDG3 TT1jJM,[CL
;C3 C , ,L lhIFZT DJ3 , FI A[
V[C14;FG[CL J ,D3 IH3V1,3GL V1G3
lhIFZT[CL DD3G}V1G3 J ,F V1G3
30
A_y$drZL$p
lJ,FIT[CL DN3O}V1G3 A,3 TT1jJ, J

DGC1 V<,FC]dD SDF DGG3T V1,iI A[
DV14Z[OT[CL OH3V1,3GL lDG3 XLV1T[CL J
VN3lB1,3lG,3 HgGT A[ lXOFV1T[CL IF
VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
ep Apl ! MfMf Ap lfd sp$
lfd R> A_ Ap \m sp \m R> A_ ly
sdp dy_ps L$fsp v$pMg \B fp Ry> A
cp_ kp\ L$ sy dpfp qv$g_u Ry>ù hpsp_
dpfp\u h^pf Z R>. sdpd hMpZ s
Myv$p_ gpeL$ R> S> dlfbp_u L$fhphpmp,
D`L$pf L$fhphpmp A_ dpa L$fhphpmp R>.
sZ `psp_u dlfbp_u\u dpfp dpgp_u
31
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dpfp dpV$ Apkp_ L$fu v$uû sZ

d_ s S>_pb_u qTepfs\u hrQs A_
sd_u dlpbs\u v|$f _ fpep bgL$ dpfp
`f dlfbp_u L$fu A_ d_ qTepfs _kub
L$fu. Ae Myv$phv$p ! S>d s d_ sd_u
dpAfas\u _hpep R> shu fus dpfp
iydpf sAp_p dp_hphpmpApdp L$f A_
sd_p hkugp\u d_ S>sdp v$pMg L$f,
Ae kp\u h^pf fld L$fhphpmp.
S>epf kl_dp v$pMg \pe epf `Y :
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8 VS3ZDGL A[

DV14Z[OT[CL J DV14Z[OT[ Z;},[CL J DG3
OZh1 V1,iI TF1V1TC} ZC14DTG3 lDG3C}
32
A_y$drZL$p
,L J TT1jJM,G3 lDG3C} V1,iI J DgG

V1 , iI lA,3 .DFG[ V,3 C1 D 3 N M
l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8 VN3B1,GL C1ZD VBL2
Z;},[CL J VZFGLC[ OL VF1O[IlTGP V,3
C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8 HV1,GL lDG3
h]jJFZ[ S1A3Z[ J;L2iI[ Z;},[CL VX3CNM
V,3 ,F .,FC .<,<,FCM JC14NC} ,F
XZLS ,C} J VX3CNM VgG DMC1dDNG3
V1A3NMC} J Z;},MC} HF99V lA,3 C1S14S2[ lDG3
.2G3lN<,FC[ J VX3CNM VgG V1,LiIG3
V1A3N]<,FC[ J VB1} Z;}l,<,FC[ V<,FCM
VS3AZM V<,FCM VS3AZM V<,FCM
33
A_y$drZL$p
VS3AZM ,F .,FC .<,<,FCM J<,FCM

VS3AZM J,3 C1D3NM l,<,FC[ V1,F
lCNFIT[CL J TJ3OLS2[CL ,[ DF NVF1
.,I3C[ lDG3 ;AL,[CLP V<,FC]dD
.gGS VO3h1,M DS14;1}lNG3 J VS3ZDM
DV3 T LI3 l IG3 J S1 N 3 VTI3 T MS
DMTS1Z3Z[AG3 .,I3S A[ GALiI[S
GALI3lIZ3 ZC14DT[ J A[ VB2LC[ VDLlZ,3
D] V 3 D [ G LG V1 , LI3 l IA3 G [ VAL
TF1,[lAG3 V1,I3C[D];3 ;,FDM O ;1<,[
V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlN\\J3 J
,F TMB1I3lIA3 ;V14IL JG3h5]Z3 .,iI
Gh45ZTG3 ZCL2DTG3 TG3V1XMGL A[CF
34
A_y$drZL$p
JH3V1,3GL .2G3NS JCG3 lON3 N]G3IF

J,3 VFB2[ZT[ J D[G,3 DMS1Z3ZALGP
sdpd spfua A Myv$p_u S>Z d_ s_u
dpAfas\u _hpS>ep, s_p fk|g_u
ApmMpZ L$fphu, sd_u spbv$pfu dpfp `f
hprS>b L$fu, S> dpfp dpV$ flds R> A_
dpfp `f Alkp_ R> L$ d_ Bdp_ Apù
dpfp `f D`L$pf L$ep. sdpd spfua A
Myv$p_u S>Z d_ `psp_p fk|g k.A.h._p
cpB_p lfddp v$pMg \hp_p dpL$p Apep
A_ svy$fsu A_ kgpdsu kp\ sd_u
qTepfs L$fphu, sdpd spfua A Myv$p_u
S>Z d_ `psp_p _bu_p hku_p TpBf
b_pep.
35
A_y$drZL$p
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Apl rkhpe

L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u. s AL$gp R> A_
s_p L$pB cpNuv$pf _\u A_ Nhplu Ap`y Ry>
L$ dpldv$ k.A.h. s_p fk|g A_ Mpk
bv$p R>. sAp Apl sfa\u lL$ gB_
Apep A_ Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Agu A.k.
Apl_p Mpk bv$p R> A_ Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p cpB R>.
Apl dlp_ R> ! Apl dlp_ R> !
Apl dlp_ R> ! Apl rkhpe L$pB
Bbpv$s L$fhp gpeL$ _\u A_ Apl dlp_
R>. sdpd spfua A Apl_u S>Z `psp_p
dpN sfa Ad_ bpgpep, Adpfu rlv$pes
L$fu A_ Ad_ spauL$ Apù. Ae Apl !
36
A_y$drZL$p
MfMf sy S> kp\u $ dL$k|v$ (ee) R>

A_ Ap`_pfpApdp kp\u Dv$pf Ap`_pfp
R>. ly spfu `pk lpS>f \ep Ry>. spfp
fldshpmp _bu_p A_ s_p cpB Adug
dpAd_u_, Ab| sprgb_p afTv$ Agu
A.k._p hpsp\u. b lTfs `f Adpfp
kgpd. `k dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg
dpldv$ k.A.h. `f vy$$v$ _prTg L$f A_
dpfu Ap L$prii_ _L$pdu _ S>hp v$. Adpfp
`f L$`p r$\u _S>f L$f. d_ spfu kpd
dp_hsp L$f. vy$r_epdp A_ ApMfsdp A_
spfp Mpk bv$pApdp dpfp `Z iydpf L$f.
37
A_y$drZL$p
fhpL$ (`fkpm)_p v$fhp

`f `lpQ sp `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1 , F Z;} l ,<,FC[ $

VDLlG<,FC[ V1,F JC14I[CL J V1hF99V[D[
VD3Z[lC,3 BF1T[D[ ,[DF ;AS1 J,3 OFT[C2[
,[ D;3T]S14A[, J,3 DMCI3D[G[ V1,F
hF7,[S S]<,[CL J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP V:;,FDM V1,F ;F1C[2lA;3
;SLGT[ V:;,FDM V1,,3 DN3O}G[ lA,3
DNLGT[P V:;,FDM V1,,3 DG3;1}lZ,3
DMViIN[P V:;,FDM V1,F VlA,3
SF1;[D[ DMC1dDlNA3G[ V1A3lN<,FC[ J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
38
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp ! Apl_p fk|g `f.

Apl_u hlu_p A_ s_p lsdu lyL$dp_p
Adu_ `f. s_u `lgp Aphgp fk|gp_u
ifuAsp_ Msd L$f_pf A_ Aph_pf
Apkdp_u `Npdp_u i$Aps L$f_pf. A_
s_y fnZ L$f_pf. sd_p `f Myv$p_u flds
A_ bfL$sp lp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
kplb kL$u_p. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
dv$u_pdp v$a_ \_pfp. kgpd lp Ap` `f
S>_u dv$v$ L$fhpdp Aphu. Ae Abyg
L$prkd flds s\p bfL$sp \pe.
`R>u fhpL$dp v$pMg \pe A_
`ps
p_p S>dZp `N `lg
p dL|$ A_
fhpL$_p bu v$fhp `f `lpQ
u `Y$ :
39
A_y$drZL$p
VX3CNM V,3 ,F9 .,FC .<,<,FCM

JC14NC} ,F XZLS ,C} J VX3CNM VgG
DMC1dDNG3 V1A3NMC} J Z;},MC} HF9V lA,3
C1S14S2[ lDG3 .2G3N[CL J ;1N3NS1,3 D]Z3;,LGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF Z;},<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1ALA<,FC[ J
lB1IZTC} lDG3 B1,3S[2CLP V:;,FDM
V1,F VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1A3lN<,FC[
J VBL2 Z;}l,<,FC[ IF DJ3,FI IF
VDLZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1A3NMS JA3GM
V1 A 3 N [ S JA3 G M VDT[ S HF9 V S
D];3TZG3 A[ lh7dDT[S SF1;2[NG3 .,F
C1ZD[S DMTJH3H[CG3 .,F DSF1D[S
40
A_y$drZL$p
DMTJ:;[,G3 .,<,FC[ TVF1,F A[SP V

VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI V VN3BM2,M IF
VDLZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V VN3BM2,M IF
C1 ] H 3 H T<,FC V VN3 B M2 , M IF
VDLG<,FC V VN3 B M2 , M IF
D,F9V[ST<,FlC,3 DMSL2DLG OL CFh7,3
DX3CN IF DJ3,FI V TV3h7GM ,L lAN3
NMB1},[ VO3h1, DF Vlh7G3T ,[ VC1lNG3
lDG3 VJ3,[IF99V[S O .G3 ,D3 VS]G3 ,C}
VC3,G3 O VG3T VC3,]G3 ,[ hF7,[SP
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Apl rkhpe
L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u. s AL$gp R> A_
s_p L$pB cpNuv$pf _\u.
41
A_y$drZL$p
A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ dpldv$

k.A.h. s_p Mpk bv$p A_ fk|g R>.
sAp Myv$p `pk\u lL$ gB_ `^pep A_
b^p fk|gp_u sdZ sv$uL$ L$fu (kQpB_u
kpnu Apù) kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p fk|g. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p v$ps A_ s_p kS>_pdp kp\u
$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adu$g
dpAd_u_ A_ Apl_p Mpk bv$p A_
Apl_p fk|g_p cpB. Ae dpfp dpgp !
Ae Adu$g dpAd_u_ ! Ap`_p Nygpd,
Ap`_p Nygpd_p bV$p A_ Ap`_u
L$_uT_p `y lpS>f \ep R>. Ap`_p Apifp
_uQ ifZ ghp, Ap`_p lfd_u qTepfs
42
A_y$drZL$p
L$fhp_p Bfpv$p\u Ap`_p dfsbp_ ep_dp

fpMu, Ap`_p hkugp\u Myv$p_u _Tv$uL$u
dmhhp.
Ae dpgp ! iy d_ Av$f Aphhp_u f
R> ? Ae Adu$g dpA
d_u_ ! iy ly Av$f
v$pMg \B iL$y R>y ? Ae lyS>s Mvy$p d_
BTs Ap`p sp ly v$pMg \pJ. Ae Mvy$p_p
Adp_sv$pf, iy ly Av$f Aphu iL$y R>y ? Ae
Ap `rh dTpf_p fMhpm aqfspAp iy
d_ Av$f v$pMg \hp_u BTs R> ? Ae
dpgp ! ly Ap`_p `pk v$pMg \hp_u BTs
Qply R>y S> sd sdpfp L$pB
$dp
$ v$ps_
Apù lpe. L$ ly Ap hps_ gpeL$ _\u `Z
sd_ sp Ar^L$pf R>.
43
A_y$drZL$p
`R>u QpMV$_ Q|d A_ S>dZp `N

ApNm d|L$ A_ `rh Ly$bpdp
v$pMg \B `Y$ :
lA;3 l D<,FC[ J lA<,FC[ J OL

;ALl,<,FC[ J V1,F lD<,T[ Z;}l,<,FC[
;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[ J VF,[CL V<,FC]D3
DU14lOZ3 ,L JZ3C1D3GL J T]A3 V1,iI
.1gGS VG3TT3 TjJFA]Z3 ZCL2DP
v$pMg \pJ Ry> ly Apl_p _pd kp\,
Apl_p dpNdp, A_ Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._u rds `f lphp kp\. Ap` `f
A_ Ap`_u Apgpv$ `f Apl_u flds
\pe. Ae Apl ! sy Ny_plp dpa L$fu v$.
44
A_y$drZL$p
dpfp `f v$ep L$f A_ dpfu spbp L$b|g L$f

L$dL$ sy kp\u h^pf spbp L$b|g L$f_pf A_
v$ephp_ R>.
`R>u ApNm h^ A_ `rh L$bf_u
kpd Dcp fl A_ Tful `pk `lpQhp
`lgp \pcu e A_ `Y$ :
V:;,FDM D[G<,FC[ V1,F DMC1dDlNG3

Z;}l,<,FC[ VDLlG<,FC[ V1,F JC14I[CL
J lZ;F,FT[CL J V1hF9V[D[ VD3Z[CL J
DV14N[lG,3 JC14I[ JtTG3hLl,,3 BF1T[D[ ,[
DF ;AS1 J,3 OFT[C2[ ,[D;3T]S14A[, J,3
DMCI3D[G[ V1,F hF7,[S S]<,[lCX3 XFC[N[
45
A_y$drZL$p
V1,,3 B1,3lS;3 ;[ZFlH,3 DMGLZP

J:;,FDM V1,I3C[ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F
DMC1 d DlN\ \ J 3 J VC3 , [ AI3 T [ l C,3
Dh5,}DLG VO3h1, J VS3D, J VZ3OV1
J VX3ZO DF ;1<,I3T V1,F VC1lNG3
lDG3 VD3A[IF99V[S J ZM;M,[S J
V;14O[IF99V[SP V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F
VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1A3N[S J B1I3Z[
B1,3S2[S AV14N GALliIS J VBL2
Z;},[S J Jl;1iI[ C1ALA[S,3 ,hL8
G3THA3TC} lDG3 B1,3S[2S JN3 N,L,[ V1,F
DG3 AV1;47TC} A[ lZ;F,FT[S J
46
A_y$drZL$p
NiIFlGN3 NLG[ A[ V1N3,[S J O;14,[

S1hF92V[S AI3G B1,3S[2S J:;,FDM
V1,I3C[ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,,3 V.dDT[ lDG3
J],3N[lC,3 S1jJFDLG A[ VD3Z[S lDG3
AV1 4 N [ l C,3 DMT1 C 3 C ZLG,3 ,hL8 G Z3
Th1I3TC]D3 VG3;F1ZG3 ,[ NLG[S J
C1Oh5TG3 ,[ l;Z3Z[S J XMCNF9V V1,F
B1,3S2[S J VV14,FDG3 ,[ V[2AFN[S
;1 , JFTMS V1 , I3 l CD3 VH3 D .2 G P
V:;,FDM V1,F VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG
V,LI3lIA3G[ VAL TF1,[lAG3 J;L2iI[
Z;}l,<,FC[ J B1,LOT[CL J,3 SF92V[D[ A[
47
A_y$drZL$p
VD3 Z [ C L lDG3 AV1 4 N [ C L ;iI[ l N,3

J;L2iILG J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
V:;,FDM V1,F OFT[2DT lAG3T[
Z;}l,<,FC[ ;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[ J
VF,[CL ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP
V:;,FDM V1,,3 C1;G[ J,3 C]1;I3G[
;iINI3 XAFA[ VC3l,,3 HgGT[ D[G,3
B1,S[2 VH3D.2GP V:;,FDM V1,,3
V.dDlTZ3 ZFX[NLGP V:;,FDM V1,,3
VD3lAIF9V[ J,3 D]Z3;,LGP V:;,FDM
V1 , ,3 V.dDlT,3 D] ; 3 T J3 N [ . 1 G P
V:;,FDM V1,F BM992:1;1lT,3 ,FC[
lDG3 B1,3S2[CLP V:;,FDM V1,,3
48
A_y$drZL$p
DMTJ:;[ D LGP V:;,FDM V1 , ,3

D]V1D[GLG,3 ,hL8G SF1D} A[ VD3Z[CL J
JFh~ VJ3,[IF99 V<,FC[ J BF1O} A[
B1J3O[lCDP V:;,FDM V1,,3
D,F99V[SlT,3 DMS1Z3ZALGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3GF J V1,F V[2AFlN,3 ,FlC;14
;F1,[CL2GP
Apl_p sfa\u kgpd \pe dpldv$
k.A.h. Apl_p fk|g `f, S>Ap
Apl_u hlu_p A_ s_p `Npd_p
Adp_sv$pf R>, s_p lyL$dp_ `lpQpX$_pf
R>, hlu A_ Apl_p sfa\u _prTg
\_pf lyL$dp_u MpZ R>. `lgp_u
49
A_y$drZL$p
ifuAsp_y kd\_ L$f_pf A_ cprh_u

ifuAs (Bgpd) _y Dv$OpV$_ L$f_pf R>
A_ ifuAs_p fnL$ R> A_ kS>__p Nhpl
R> A_ fpi_ rQfpN (qfkpgs_p
Apaspb) R>. Ap`_p `f kgpd lp A_
Apl_u fldsp s\p bfL$sp lp Ae
Apl ! dpldv$ k.A.h. `f A_ s_p
dTg|d Algbs `f vy$$v$ _prTg L$f.
Ahu vy$$v$ S> kp\u Dd, k`|Z, DQd
A_ A_ Aifa lpe, S> s ApS> kyûdp
_bu fk|gp A_ kyauAp_ dpL$ep lpe s
b^p\u.
Ae Apl sy kghps dpL$g Adu$g
dpAd_u_ `f L$ S> spfp Mpk bv$p, spfp
50
A_y$drZL$p
_L$ kS>_, spfp fk|g_p cpB A_ spfp

lbub_p _peb D`f S>d_ s spfp
kS>_pdp\u Q|V$u L$pY$ep A_ S> spfp
fk|g_p qsr_q^ R>. v$u__ epe kp\
L$ped L$f_pf R>, gpL$p hQ Bkpa`|hL$
akgp L$f_pf R>. sd_p `f kgpd lp A_
Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp _prTg \pe.
Ae Apl kghps dpL$g sd_u
Apgpv$dp_p Bdpdp D`f S>Ap spfp
lyL$dp_ \pr`s L$f_pf R>, S>Ap `pL$
`pL$uTp R>, S>_ s `kv$ afdpep R>, S>
spfp v$u__u dv$v$ L$f_pfp R>, spfp cv$p_u
rlapTs L$f_pfp R>. spfp kS>_ D`f Nhpl
R>, spfp bv$pAp_p flbf R>, spfu A b^p
51
A_y$drZL$p
`f flds, _pqTg \pe.

kgpd lp, Adu$g dpAd_u_ Agu
B_ Abu sprgb `f A_ Apl_p
fk|g_p hku A_ Mguap `f A_ sd_p
`R>u sd_p lyL$dp `f Adg L$fph_pf
hkuAp_p kfv$pf `f sd_p `f Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe. kgpd
lp , vy $ r_ep_u Ap f sp _ u kfv$pf,
fk|gypl_u bV$u apsdp `f. kgpd lp
S>s_p S>hp_p_p kfv$pf A_ sdpd
dMg|L$ps_p kfv$pf Bdpd lk_ A_ Bdpd
lyk_ `f. kgpd lp, lL$_u rlv$pes L$f_pf
Bdpdp D`f. kgpd lp sdpd _buAp A_
fk|gp `f kgpd lp Apl_p cfpkp`p
52
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpdp D`f. kgpd lp, Apl_p Mpk

bv$pAp D`f, kgpd lp A ApNhp_p `f
S>Ap gpL$p_ s_p Bdp_ A_ Ly pfp
ApmMu g R>. kgpd lp, A dpAd_p
D`f S>Ap Apl_p lyL$d `f kprbs L$v$d
fp, Apl_p v$psp_u dv$v$ L$fu A_
sAp_p X$f_u kp\ sAp Apl_p Mpa\u
X$fsp fp.
kgpd lp Apl_p r_L$V$_p
aqfspAp `f kgpd lp Adpfp `f A_
_L$ bv$pAp D`f.
53
A_y$drZL$p
`R>u Tful dybpfL$_u `pk rL$gp

sfa dp L$fu `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF VDLZ,3
D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C1ALA<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;1O3JT<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
J,LI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C1]H3HT<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
.DFD,3 CMNFP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
V1 , DtTMSF1 P V:;F,DM V1 , I3 S
ViIMC,3 J;L2iI],3 AZ3~T3 TSL2iI]G3
GS2LiI],3 JOLiIMP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF VA,3 C1;G[ J,3 C1];I3GP V:;,FDM
54
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S IF V1D]NN3 NLGP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S IF ;iI[N,3 J;L2iILG J
VDLG ZA3lA,3 VF1,DLG J NiIFG
IJ3lDN3 NLG J B1I3Z,3 D]V3D[GLG J
;iI[N;14 l;1N3NLSL2G J:1;1O3JT lDG3
;M,F,lTG3 GALliIG J AFA lC2S3DT[
ZA3lA,3 VF1,DLG J BF1h[G JC14I[CL J
V1I3AT .1,3D[CL JG3 GF;2[C1 ,[ pdDT[
GALiI[CL JT3 TF,[I ,[ Z;},[CL J,3
DMJF;[I ,C} A[ GO3;[CL JG3 GFT[2S1 A[
C]1H3HT[CL JN3 NF.2I .,F XZLV1T[CL J,3
DFh[2I V1,F ;]gGT[CLP V<,FC]dD .gGL
VX3CNM VgGC} S1N3 A<,U1 V1G3 Z;},[S
55
A_y$drZL$p
DF C1]dD[, J NVF1 D;3T]C14O[h5 J C1O[h5

D;3T}N[V1 J C1<,, C1,F,S J C1Z3ZD
C1ZFDS J VSF1D VC14SFDS J HFCNG3
GFS[;L8G OL ;AL,[S J,3 SF1;[TL2G OL
C]1S3D[S J,3 DFZ[SL2G V1G3 VD3Z[S
;F1A[ZG3 D]C1T;[AG3 ,F TV3BM2hM8C} OLS
,J3DTM ,F9V[lDGP V<,FC]dD ;1<,[
V1,I3C[ VOh1, DF ;1<,I3T V1,F9
VC1 l ND3 lDG3 VJ3 , [ I F9 V [ S J
V;14O[IF9V[S J VJ3;[2IF99V[
VD3A[IF9V[S V<,FC]dD CFhF7 S1A3ZM
J,LiI[S,3 ,hL8 OZh14T TF1V1TC} J
HV1 , 3 T OL VV1 4 G FS2 [ V2 [ A FN[ S
56
A_y$drZL$p
DMAFIV1TC} J B1,LOT[S,3 ,hL8 A[CL

TFV3BM2hM8 J T]V14TL2 J A[CL TM;L8AM J
TMVF1S2[AM J S1N3 S1;1N3TMC} T1DV1G3 ,[ DF
VV14NN3TC} ,[ VJ3,[IF99V[S O A[ V1hL6D[
S1N3Z[CL .1G3NS J H,L,[ B1T1Z[CL ,NI3S
J S]1Z3A[ DG3h[,T[CL lDG3S ;1<,[ V1,F
DMC1dDlN\\J3 J VF,[ DMC1dDN3P JO3V1,3 AL
DF VG3T VC3,MC} O .gGS VC3,],3
SZD[ J,3 H}N[ J:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
DJ3,FI J V1,F h1V1I3S VFND J
G}lC2J3 J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adu$g
dpAd_u_. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
57
A_y$drZL$p
Apl_p v$ps. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae

Apl_p Q|V$gp bv$p. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Apl_p hgu. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Apl_u ly$s. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae rlv$pes Ap`_pfp Bdpd. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae sL$hp_p r_ip_. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p hku. _L$u_p
L$f_pf, `flTNpf, `pL$uTp A_ hapv$pf.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae v$u__p kys|_.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae hkuAp_p kfv$pf,
Apgdu__p `pg_lpf_p Adp_sv$pf, A_
L$epds_p qv$hk_p lpL$ud A_ dpAd_pdp
kp\u $ A_ kpQpAp_p kfv$pf,
_buAp_p hidp\u Q|V$pegp A_
58
A_y$drZL$p
Apgdp_p `pg_lpf_u rlL$ds_p v$fhp

A_ s_u hluAp_p M_Qu, s_p Bd_p
ky`p A_ s_p _bu_u Dds_ _kuls
L$f_pf, s_p _bu_u kp\ fl_pf A_
sd_p kyMvy$:M_p kp\u, s_p Ar^L$pf\u
bpg_pf, s_u ifuAs_u v$phs v$_pf A_
s_u Dds_p Mguap A_ s_p sfuL$p D`f
Qpg_pf.
Ae Apl ! ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$
sdZ A hsy `lpQpX$u v$uû S>_p fk|g
sd_p `f cpf d|L$ep lsp A_ S> hsy_u
fnp L$fhp_y L$y lsy s_u fnp L$fu A_ S>
hps `f sd_p cfpkp L$ep lsp sdp
hapv$pf fp. s S> hsy_ lgpg L$fu lsu
59
A_y$drZL$p
s_ lgpg W$fhu A_ S>_ lfpd L$fu lsu

s_ lfpd NZu. spfp lyL$dp_ L$ped L$ep
A_ spfp dpNdp hQ_cN L$f_pfpAp kp\
S>lpv$ L$ep, spfp lyL$dp_p A_pv$f L$f_pfp
kp\ gX$ep A_ spfu kpd bX$ `pL$pf_pfp
kp\ gX$ep, d$dsp\u spfu M|_|v$u_u
Apipdp, s_ L$pB r_v$pMpf_u r_v$p
kedpN\u lV$phu _\u iL$su. Ae Apl
sy flds _prTg L$f kp\u $ A b^pdp
S> s spfp v$pspdp\u L$pB `f A\hp
Q|V$pAgp bv$pApdp\u L$pB `f ep
_buApdp\u L$pB `f _pqTg L$fu lpe.
bpf Bgplp ! Ap spfp hgu_u L$bf R>,
S>_u `fhu Adpfp `f afT R>, spfp
bv$pAp_u Nfv$_p `f sd_u bAs s
60
A_y$drZL$p
hprS>b L$fu R>. Ap spfp Mguap_u L$bf R>

S>_p hpsp\u sy Adpfp Apdpg L$b|g L$f
R> A_ kyv$f bv$gp Ap` R>, S>_p \Lu
Adpfu _L$uApdp h^pfp L$f R> A_ Adpfp
(Ny_pl_p LpfZ Adpfp) `f ATpb
_pqTg \pe R>. d A Apipdp Bfpv$p L$ep
R> L$ s S> L$B sd_ dlp Apù R> s_p
gpc d_ `Z dm. sp spfu `pk sd_u S>
dlp R>, sd_p S> dp_ dpcp R> A_ spfu
r_L$V$sp S> sd_ p R> A_p sp`
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u Apg D`f
flds dpL$g A_ dpfu kp\ Ahp hsph L$f
S> s_ ipc R>. MfMf sy dlfbp_ A_
v$epmy R> A_ kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp
dpgp ! A_ Ap`_p `X$Mpdp ky_pfp b_
61
A_y$drZL$p
_buAp Apv$d A.k. A_ _|l A.k. `f

Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
5R>u Tful_ Q|d A_ rkflp_p `pk
Dcp flu `Y$ :
IF DJ3,FI .,I3S JMO}NL J A[S

VTJ:;,M .,F ZaAL OL AM,}U[2
DS14;1}NL J VX3CNM VgG,3 DMTJ:;[,
A[S U1I3ZM BF92V[lAG3 JT14 TF1,[A A[S
V1G3 DV14Z[OlTG3 U1I3ZM DZ3N}lNG3 .<,F
A[ S1hF92V[ C1JF9V[H[CL O S]G3 ,L XOLV1G3
.,<,FC[ ZaA[S J ZaAL OL S1hF992V[
C1JF9V[ J TI3;LZ[ VMD}ZL J SX3O[
lXN3NTL J U1]O3ZFG[ h7D3AL J;V1T[
62
A_y$drZL$p
lZh3SL2 J TT14JL,[ p2D3ZL J V[V14TF92V[

;]V3,L OL VFB[2ZTL J N]G3IFIP
V<,FC]dD,3V1G3 S1T,T VDLlZ,3
D]V3D[GLGP V<,FC]dD,3V1G3 S1T,T,3
C1;G[ J,3 C]1;I3GP V<,FC]dD,3V1G3
S1T,T,3 V.dDT[ J V1h74lh7A3C]D
V1hF7AG3 V,LDG3 ,F TMV1h74h8[AMC}
A[CL VC1NG3 D[G,3 VF1,DLG V1hF7AG3
S;L8ZG3 ,G3 S[2TF1V1 ,C} J ,F VH,
J,F VDN A[ DF XF9S14S1} JM,FT VD3Z[S J
V.1N3N ,C]D3 V1h7FAG3 ,D3 TMlC2<,C} A[
VC1lNG3 lDG3 B,3S[2SP V<,FC]dD
VN3lB1,3 V1,F S1T,T[ VG3;F1Z[ Z;},[S
63
A_y$drZL$p
J V1,F S1T,T[ VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J

V1,F S1T,lT,3 C1;G[ J,3 C]1;I3G[ J
V1,F S1T,T[ Vg;F1lZ,3 C1;G[ J,3
C1];I3G[ J S1T,T[ DG3 SM2T[, OL
lJ,FIT[ VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 VH3D.1G
V1h7FAG3 V,LDG3 DMhF1V1OG3 OL
V;3O,[ NZlSG3 D[G,3 HCL2D[ ,F
IMB1O3OOM V1G3CMD],3 V1hF7AM J C]D3
OLC[ D]A3,[;}G D,32G}G GFS[;}
ZMp;[lCD3 .1G3N ZaA[lCD3 S1N3 VF1IG]G3
GNFDT J,3 lB1h3IT14 T1JL, ,[ S1T3,[lCD3
.1T3ZT VD3A[IF9V[S J ZM;M,[S J
VT3AFV1C]D3 lDG3 V[2AFN[S;14 ;F1,[CL2GP
64
A_y$drZL$p
V<,FC]D3 D,3V1G3C]D3 OL D];3Tl;Z3lZ;3

l;Z3Z[ J hF5C[lZ,3 V1,FG[IT[ OL VZ3h2[S
J ;DF9V[SP V<,FC]D3 DH3V1,3 ,L S1ND
l;1N3lS1G3 OL VJ3,[IF9V[S J C1A3lA,3
.,iI DXFC[NC]D3 J D];3TS14ZZC]D3 C1tTF
T],3C2[S1GL A[lCD3 J TH3V1,GL ,C]D3
TAV1G3 lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZT[ IF
VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
Ae dpfp dpgp ! ly sdpfu khpdp
lpS>f \ep Ry>. Ap`_p \L$u Apl kyû
`lpQhpdp sdpfp kp\ dpNy Ry> A_ ly
Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sdpfp kp\ ghphpmp L$v$u
lspi _\u \sp A_ Ap`_p hpsp\u
65
A_y$drZL$p
dpN_pfp dpAfas dmep rh_p `pR>p _\u

afsp A_ `psp_u dpNZuAp `|fu L$fphu_
fl R>. AV$g ly sd_ rh_su L$$ Ry> L$ sd
Apl `pk dpfu cgpdZ L$fp, S> sdpfp
A_ dpfp `pg_lpf R>, L$ dpfu lpS>sp `|fu
L$f. dpfp L$pdp_ kfm b_ph, dpfp kL$V$p_
v|$f L$f, dpfp Ny_plp_ dpa L$fu Ap`, dpfu
fpdp h^pfp L$f, dpfu Ddfdp h^pfp L$f,
vy$r_ep A_ ApMfsdp dpfu dpNZuAp
`|fu L$f.
Ae Apl ! Adu$g dpAd_u__p
L$prsgp D`f gp_s dpL$g, Ae Apl
gp_s dpL$g Bdpd lk_ A_ Bdpd lyk_
A.k._p L$prsgp D`f. Ae Apl gp_s
66
A_y$drZL$p
dpL$g Bdpdp A.k._p L$prsgp `f A_

sAp D`f Ahp ks ATpb L$f S>hp s
ApS> kyû sdpd S>lp_pdp L$pB_p D`f _
L$ep lpe. ATpb OZp lpe, AM|V$ lpe, _
s_p L$pB As lpe _ Msd \hp_u Apip
lpe. L$dL$ sApA spfp lyL$dp_ _pauT
L$f_pfpAp_p rhfp^ L$ep A_ sd_p `f
Ahp ATpb sepf L$f S>hp s spfp
kS>_pdp L$pB AL$ `f `Z _prTg _
L$ep lpe.
Ae Apl ! fk|g_p Akpfp_p
L$prsgp_, Adu$g dpAd_u__p L$prsgp_,
Bdpd lk_ A_ Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p
L$prsgp_ A_ sd_p Akpfp_p L$prsgp_
67
A_y$drZL$p
A_ Apg dpldv$_u v$psudp dpep

S>_pfp v$ps_p L$prsgp_, ksdp ks
ATpb L$f bL$ sd_ S>ld_p kp\u
_uQp sb$pdp _pMu v$, ATpbdp h^pfp
L$f A_ s_p ATpbdp L$B ApRy> _ L$fS>
ATpbdp kX$hp v$, r^$pf`p flhp v$,
ep kyû L$ sd_p lL$uL$u `pmhphpmp
Apl kpd dp\y _dphhy `X$ A_ A hps_y
cp_ \pe L$ spfp fk|g A_ _buAp_u
Apgpv$_ L$sg L$fhp_p L$pfZ L$hu gpbu
$hpB bfv$ps L$fhu `X$ R>.
A_ spfp _L$ bv$pApdp\u Arbep_p
spbv$pfp `f Tyd L$fhp_p L$hp Ad
Aph R>. Ae Apl ! gp_s dpL$g sAp
68
A_y$drZL$p
`f Mp_Nudp, Mp_Nu fus A_ lfdp

spfu S>du_dp A_ spfp Apkdp_pdp.
Ae Apl ! sd_p (dpldv A_
Apg dpldv A.dy.k.)rhi dpfp L$v$ddp
kQpB Asp L$f A_ sd_u ilpv$s_u
S>ep A_ sd_p flW$pZ rhi dpfp qv$gdp
dlpbs cfu v$ ep kyû L$ vy$r_epdp A_
ApMfsdp sy d_ sd_p kp\ dmhu v$. Ae
kp\u h^y fld L$f_pfp sdpd fld
L$fhphpmpApdp.
5R>u Tful_ Q|d, ApMp `f
gNpX$ A_ ùW$ qL$gp sfa A_ dp
L$fbgp sfa L$fu kevy$iplv$p_u
qTepfs `Y$ :
69
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF VAF
V1A3lN<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
Z;}l,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
VDLlZ,3 D] V 3 D [ G LGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G OFT[2DTh3 hCZF9V[
;iINT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF VA,3 V.dDlT,3 CFNLG,3
DC3NLiILGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;1ZLV1N3 ND3V1lT;3 ;FS[ACP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF ;F1C2[A,3 DM;L2AlTZ3
ZFT[ACP V:;,FDM V1,I3S J V1,F
HN3N[S J VALSP V:;,FDM V1,I3S J
V1,F9 pdD[S J VBL2SP V:;,FDM
70
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S J V1,,3 V.dDT[ lDG3

h7]Z3ZLiIT[S J AGLSP VX3CNM ,S1N3
T1iI[A<,FCM A[ST3 TMZFA J VJ3h1C1
A[S,3 lSTFA J HV1,S J VAFS J
HN3NS J VBF1S J AGLS .1A3ZTG3 ,[
VMl,,3 V,3AFA[ IA3G,3 DIFDLlG,3
VT14IFlAT3 TF,L99G,3 lSTFA JH3HC3TM
;,FDL .,I3 S ;1 , JFT] < ,FC[ J
;,FDMC} V1,I3S J HV1, VO3V[NTG3
D[GG3 GF;[ TC3JL .,I3S DF BF1A DG3
TD:;S A[S J VD[G DG3 ,HMV
.,I3SP
71
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Abp

Arv$pl Bdpd lyk_ A.k., kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae fk|gypl_p `y. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k._p
`y. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae apsdp Tlfp
sdpd Apgdp_u _pfuAp_u kfv$pf_p `y.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae rlv$pes L$fhphpmp
A_ rlv$pes `pdgp Bdpdp_p r`sp. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae Apky kpf_pfpAp_u
aqfepv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae kL$V$p `f
kL$V$p hW$_pf. kgpd lp Ap` `f, Ap`_p
_p_p `f A_ Ap`_p r`sp `f. kgpd lp
Ap` `f, Ap`_u dpsp `f A_ Ap`_p
cpB `f, kgpd lp Ap` `f A_ Ap`_u
72
A_y$drZL$p
Apgpv$ A_ hidp \_pfp Bdpdp `f.

ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ MfMf AplA
Ap`_p gu^ (L$fbgp_u) dpV$u `rh
b_phu A_ Ap`_p dpfas AplA
Ly$fAp__ `$ L$ey A_ Ap`_ Ap`_p
r`sp_ A_ Ap`_p cpB_, Ap`_p _p_p_
A_ Ap`_u Apgpv$_ kdS>v$pfp_p flbf
b_pep. Ae Ly$fAp__p `fhp_p dybpfL$
A_ `pL$uTp afTv$, ly dpfp kgpd_
Ap`_u sfa dpL$gy Ry>. Ap` `f Apl_u
flds \pe A_ s_p kgpd lp Ap` `f !
Apl gpL$p_p qv$gp_ v$fL$ L$pmdp Ap`_u
sfa hpmu v$, Ap`_u kp\ k`L$ kp^_pf
L$pB ik r_fpi _\u \sp A_ Ap`_p
73
A_y$drZL$p
Apif Aph_pf r_ce \B Nep.

5R>u `pesu sfa Dcp flu `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1,F VlA,3 V.dDT[ J

B1,Ll,G3 GMA]jJT[ J,3 DB14;1};2[ lA,3
VMB1}jJT[P V:;,FDM V1,F IV14;}lAN3
NLG[ J,3 .DFG[ J S,[DlTZ3 ZC14DFG[P
V:;,FDM V1,F DLhFlG,3 VV14DF,[ J
DMS1<,[lA,3 VC14JF,[ J ;I3O[ lh7,3
H,F,[ J ;FlS2;3 ;,3;lAl,h3 hM,F,[P
V:;,FDM V1,F ;F1,[lC2,3 D]V3D[GLG J
JFZ[;8[ .1,3lDG3 GALliIG3 J,3 CF1lSD[
IJ3DN3 NLGP V:;,FDM V1,F XHZlTT3
TS14JF J ;FD[.1;3 l;Z3Z[ JG3 GH3JFP
74
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1,F C]1HH3lT, ,FlC,3

AF,[U1T[ J G[V14DlTlC;3 ;FA[U1T[ J
lGS14DT[lCN3 NFD[U1T[P V:;,FDM V1,;14
;[2ZFlT1,3 JFh2[C2[ JG3 GH3lD,3 ,F9V[C2[ J,3
.DFlDG3 GF;2[C2[ J,3 lhGFlN,3 SF1N[C2[ J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP V<,FC]dD
;1<,[ V1,F VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1,L
lIA3G[ VAL TF1,[lAG3 VBL2 GALliIS
J J,LiI[CL J GF;[2ZLCL J J;L2iI[CL J
JhLZ[CL J D];3TJ3NV[2 .1,3D[CL J
DJ3h2[V2[ l;Z3Z[CL J AFA[ lC1S3DT[CL JG3
GFT[2S[2 A[ C1]H3HT[CL JN3 NF.1 .,F
XZLV1T[CL J B1,LOT[CL OL pdDT[CL J
75
A_y$drZL$p
DMOZ3Z[lH,3 SZ3A[ V1G3 JH3C[CL SF1;[2lD,3

SOZT[ J D]ZU[2lD,3 OHZlT,3 ,hL8
HV1,3TC} lDG3 GALliIS A[ DG3h[,T[
CF~G lDD3 D};FP V<,FC]dD JF,[ DG3
JF,FC} J VF1N[ DG3 VF1NFC} JG3;1]Z3 DG3
G;1ZC} JB14h]7,3 DG3 B1h7,C} J,3V1G3
DG3 G;1A ,C},3 V1NFJT D[G,3
VjJ,LG J,3 VFB[2ZLG J ;1<,[ V1,I3C[
VOh1, DF ;1<,I3T V1,F9 VC1lNG3 lDG3
VJ3;[2IF9V[ VD3A[IF9V[S IF ZaA,3
VF1,DLGP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Bdpdp_p
bp`, A_ _byhs_p v$ps, cpB kp\
76
A_y$drZL$p
Mpk kb^ ^fph_pf, v$u_ A_ Bdp__p

^Zu s\p Apl_p L$gpd, Ap` `f kgpd
lp, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adpfp
Adgp_ `fM (QLpkZu) L$f_pf, q\rs_
afhu _pM_pf, qL$rshp_ Apl_u sghpf,
kpa kbkbug_p ùhfph_pf, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae dpAd_u_dp kp\u _L$,
_buAp _ p Bd_p hpfkv$pf, A_
L$epds_p qv$hk lyL|$ds L$f_pf, kgpd lp
Ap` `f `flTNpfu_p hn, cv$p A_
flep_ kpcm_pf, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Apl_u `|Z ly$s `f, k`|Z
_Ads `f: A_ s_p ks L$p` D`f,
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae S> Myp fsp `f
AX$N R>, Tmlmsp rkspfp R> : A_
77
A_y$drZL$p
_kuls L$f_pf Bdpd R>. fpi_u v$_pf R>.

Ap` `f Apl_u flds lp A_ bfL$sp
Dsf. Ae Apl sy flds _pqTg L$f
Adu$g dpAd_u_ Agu B_ Abu
sprgb A.k. `f spfp _bu_p cpB s_p
hgu, s_p dv$v$Npf s_p hku, s_p hTuf,
s_p Bd_p hpfk, s_p flep_y \p_,
s_u rlL$ds_p v$fhp, s_u ly$s_p
hL$sp, s_u ifuAs_u v$phs Ap`_pf A_
Dds `f sd_p Mguap R>. sd_p Qlfp
`f\u hv$_p lV$ph_pf R>. L$pafp_ spX$_pf
A_ apfp_p _pL$ fNX$_pf R>, S>_ s
_bu_u kp\ A dfsbp Apep S> lp$__
d|kp kp\ lsp.
Ae Apl ! S> gpL$p s_p\u v$psu
78
A_y$drZL$p
fpM s_u kp\ sy v$psu fpM, S> s_u kp\

vy$d_u L$f s_u kp\ sy vy$d_u fpM. sd_
dv$v$ L$f_pf_u sy dv$v$ L$f S> s_ $hp L$f
s_ sy $hp L$f. Ahgu_ (`|h) A_
ApMfu_ (A_y) dp\u S> L$pB sd_u
vyd_u L$f s_p `f sy gp_s L$f A_ sd
(lTfs Agu A.k.)_p v$psp `f kghps
dpL$g, kp\u $ kghps S> s spfp
hkuAp A_ _buApdp\u L$pB AL$ `f `Z
dpL$gu lpe, Ae sdpd S>lp_p_p
`pg_lpf.
epf `R>u rkflp_p sfa S>B lTfs
Apv$d A.k._u A_ _|l A.k._u
qTepfs `Y$.
79
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Apv$d A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs Apv$d A.k._u

qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;1OLiI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1ALA<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF GALI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VDLG<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF B1,LOT<,FC[ OL
VZ3h[2CLP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VA,3
AXZP V:;,FDM V1,I3S J V1,F ~C2[S
J ANG[S J V1,T14 TF1C[ZLG lDG3 J],3N[S
J h]7Z3ZLiIT[S J ;1<,<,FCM V1,I3S
;1,FTG3 ,F I]C14;L2CF .<,F CMJ J
80
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Apv$d A.k._u qTepfs
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p
hfpAgp bv$p ! kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p lbub ! kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p _bu ! kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p Adp_sv$pf ! kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae ^fsu `f Apl_p rsr_r^ ! kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae dp_h-r`sp ! kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ap`_u $l `f Ap`_p v$l `f
A_ Ap`_u _L$ `pL$ Apgpv$ `f Apl_u
flds lp Ap` `f Ahu flds S>_u NZu
s_p rkhpe L$pB _\u L$fu iL$sy Apl_u
flds A_ bfL$sp \pe Ap` `f.
81
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs _|l A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs _|l A.k._u

qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF GALI<,FC
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;1OLI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LiI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1ALA<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF XI3 B 1 , 3
D]Z3;,LGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
VDLG<,FC[ OL VZ3h[2CL ;1,JFT]<,FC[ J
;,FDMC} V1,I3S J V1,F ~C2[S J ANG[S
J V1,T14 TF1C[ZLG lDG3 J],3N[S J
82
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs _|l A.k._u qTepfs
Ae Apl_p _bu Ap` `f dpfp

kgpd lp, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p hfpAgp bv$p, kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Apl_p hgu, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Apl_p lbub, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae fk|gp_p ApNhp_, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae ^fsu `f Apl_p Adp_sv$pf,
Apl_u kghps \pe Ap` `f s_p kgpd
Dsf Ap`_u $l D`f Ap`_p v$l D`f A_
Ap`_u `pL$uTp Apgpv$ A_ `yp `f
Apl_u flds A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
`R>u lTfs Agu A.k._u
qTepfs_u b fL$ps _dpT `Y$, A_
S>_pb kev$p k.A._u sbul `Y$u
83
A_y$drZL$p
Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC] d D .gGL ;1 < ,I3 T M

CFTI3lGZ3 ZS3V1TI3G[ CNLiITG3 lDgGL
.,F ;iI[NL J DJ3,FI J,LiI[S J
VBL2 Z;},[S VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J
;iI[lN,3 J;L2iILG V1,LI3lIA3G[ VAL
TF1,[lAG3 ;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3C[ J V1,F
VF,[CL V<,FC]dD O ;1<,[ V1,F
DMC1dDlN\\J3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlN\\J3 J
TS1aA,CF lDgGL JH3h[GL V1,F hF7,[S
HhF9V,3 D]C14;[GLG3P V<,FC]dD ,S
;1<,I3TM J ,S ZSV14TM J ,S ;HN3TM
JC14NS ,F XZLS ,S ,[ VgGC} ,F
84
A_y$drZL$p
TS}G];14 ;1,FTM JZ3 ZMS}VM2 J;3 ;MH}NM

.<,F ,S ,[ VgGS VG3T<,FCM ,F
.,FC .<,F VG3T V<,FC]dD ;1<,[
V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J
TS1aA,3 lDgGL lhIFZTL J VV14T2[GL
;]V3,L A[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[lCT14
TF1C[ZLGP
Ae Apl d Ap b fL$ps _dpT S>
`Y$u R> s_ ly dpfp sfa\u dpfp ApL$p A_
dpgp_ lqv$ep L$$ Ry>, S> Ap`_p hgu A_
fk|g_p cpB Adu$g dpAd_u_ Agu
B_ Arb sprgb A.k. R>. sd_p `f
A_ sd_u Apgpv$ `f spfu flds _pqTg
85
A_y$drZL$p
L$f . AV$g sy dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u

Apg `f vy$$g dpL$g A_ dpfu Ap _dpT_
L$b|g L$fu g : A_ Ap _dpT `f d_
cgpB L$fhphpmp_p bv$gp Ap`.
Ae Apl ! d spfu _dpT `Y$u R>
A_ spfu $L|$A L$fu R> A_ spfp kS>v$p L$ep
R>, s_ AL$ A_ cpNuv$pf hNf_p Zu_.
_dpT, $L|A A_ kS>v$p spfp rkhpe L$pB_p
dpV$ epe _\u, spfp rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_
gpeL$ _\u, Ae Apl dpldv$ k.A.h.
A_ Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f flds
_pqTg L$f A_ dpfu Ap qTepfs_ L$b|g
L$fu g A_ dpfu dpNZu `|fu L$f. dpldv$
k.A.h. A_ sd_u `pL$ Apg_p kv$L$pdp.
86
A_y$drZL$p
`R>u b fL$ps _dpT S>_pb

Apv$d A.k. A_ b fL$ps S>_pb _|l
A.k._ lqv$ep_u r_es\u bhu
gph. `R>u iy$_p rkS>v$p L$f A_
rkS>v$pdp Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FCd]D .,IS3 TJHH3CT3M J AS[V41

T;1 D 3 T M J V1 , I3 S TJS3 S ,3 T MP
V<,FCd]D VGT3 ;S8[T1L J ZHF.9 OSO3G
[ L
DF VCdDGL J DF ,F IMlCdDMGL J DF
VGT3 VV,
41 DM AC[L lDgGL Vh
1 h
3
HFZMS J H<, ;G
7 FV
9 MS J ,F .,FC
UI
1 Z3MS ;<1,[ V,
1 F DMCd1DlNJ3 J VF,[
DMCd1DlNJ3 J SZ1l3ZA3 OZHCD]P
87
A_y$drZL$p
Ae Apl ! spfu sfa ep_ ^$ R>y

A_ spfp ifZ Apep Ry> A_ spfp `f
cfpkp fpep R>. Ae Apl sy dpfp
qhpky A_ dpfu Apip R>, sp d_ v$fL$
Nd\u bQphu g A_ A hps\u `Z L$ S>
d_ NdNu_ L$f A_ A hps\u `Z L$ S>_ sy
dpfp\u h^pf Z R> d_ spfp `pX$pi Nd
R>, spfu kip qL$rsdp_ R> A_ spfp
rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u. dpldv$
k.A.h. A_ sd_u Apg `f flds
_pqTg L$f A_ sd_u My_zvu L$fub L$fu v$.
`R>u S>dZp Npg kS>v$Npl `f
fpMu_ `Y$ :
.Z3C1D3 h]7<,L AI3G INI3S J Th1Z3ZM.1

88
A_y$drZL$p
.,I3S J JC14XTL D[GG3 GF;[ J pG3;L

A[S IF SZLDM IF SZLDM IF SZLDMP
Ae Apl fld L$f dpfp `f S> spfu
kdu` R>. spfu `pk fpL$L$m L$f R>, gpL$p_p
ce\u d_ dys L$f, spfu sfa dpfp d_
h^pfu v$, Ae L$`pmy Ae L$`pmy Ae L$`pmy.
`R>u `Y$ :
,F .,FC .<,F VG3T ZaAL C1S14S1G3

C1 S 1 4 S 1 G 3 ;HN3 T M ,S IF ZaA[
TV1aAMNG3 J lZS14S1G3 V<,FC]dD .gG
V1D,L h1.2O]G3 O hF1.2O3C} ,L IF SZLDM
IF SZLDM IF SZLDP
89
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k.
spfp rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u,

sy kpQpdp kpQp R>. s_ ly rkS>v$p L$$ R>y AL$
Ngypd A_ AL$ bv$p_u lk
ues\u, Ae
Apl dpfp Apdpg MfM
f _bmp R> sp
s_ h^pfu v$ A L$`pm,y A L$`pmy A L$`pm.y
rhv$pA Adu$g dpAd_u_

A.k.
V:;,FDM V1,I3S J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP V;3TJ3 N[VM2S<,FC J
V;3TZ3.1S J VS14ZVM V1,I3S;3 ;,FD
VFDgGF lA<,FC[ J lAZ3 ZM;M,[ J A[ DF
HF9VT3 A[CL J NV1T3 .,I3C[ J N<,T3
90
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3C[ OS3T]A3GF DV1X3 XFC[NLGP

V<,FC]dD ,F TH3V1,3C} VFB[2Z,3 V1C3N[
lDG3 lhIFZTL .iIFC} O .G
TJO3OI3TGL S1A3, hF7,[S O .gGL
VX3CNM OL DDFTL V1,F DF XlCN3TM
V1,I3C[ OL C1IFTLP VX3CNM VgG
VDLZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1,LiIG3 J,3
C1;G J,3 C]1;I3G J V1,LiIA3G,3
C]1;I3G[ J DMC1dDNA3G V1,LI3lIG3 J
HV14OZA3G DMC1dDlNJ3 J D};A3G
HV14OlZG3 J V1,LiIA3G D};F J
DMC1dDNA3G V1,LI3lIG J V1,LiIA3G
DMC1dDlNJ33 J,3 C1;GA3G V1,LI3lIG3
91
A_y$drZL$p
J,3 C1]H3HTA3G,3 C1;G[ ;1,JFTMS

V1,I3lCD3 VH3D.2G V.dDTL J
VX3CNM VgG DG3 S1T,C]D3 J CF1ZAC]D3
D]X3Z[S}G J DG3 ZN3N V1,I3lCD3 OL
V;3O,[ NZlSG3 D[G,3 HCL2D[ J VX3CNM
VgG DG3 CF1ZAC]D3 ,GF VV14NF9pG3 J
GC14GM lDG3C]D3 AMZ9Fp J VgGC]D3
lC1h3A]X3 XI3TF1G[ J V1,F DG3 S1T,C]D3
,V14GT]<,FC[ J,3 D,F9V[ST JG3 GF;[
VH3D.2G J DG3 XZ[S OL lCD3 J DG3
;Z3ZC} S1T3,C]D3 V<,FC]dD .gGL
V;3V,MS AV14N;14 ;1,FT[ JT3 T;3,LD[
VG3 TM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J
92
A_y$drZL$p
V1,LI3lIG J DMC1dDlNJ3 J HV14OlZJ3 J

D};F J V1,LI3lIJ3 J,3 C1;G[ J,3
C]1H3HT[ J ,F TH3V1,C} VFB[2Z,3 V1C3N[
lDG3 lhIFZT[CL O .G3 HV1,3TC}
OC14X]Z3GL DV1 CFVM,F9.,3
DM;ldDI3G,3 V.dDT[ V<,FC]dD J
h7,3l,,3 SM2,}AMGF ,C]D3 lAT14 TF1V1T[
J,3 DMGF;1C1T[ J,3 DC1aAT[ J C1];3lG,3
DMJFhZT[ JT3 T;3,LD[P
kgpd \pe Ap` `f, Apl_u
flds Dsf A_ bfL$sp. ly Ap`_
Apl_ kp`y Ry>. Ap`_y ep_ Qply Ry> A_
93
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_ kgpd L$ Ry>. Apl `f Bdp_ fpMy

Ry>, fk|gp `f A_ sAp S> `Npd gpep R>
s_p `f, S>_p sfa v$phs Apù A_ S>_p
sfa dpN k|Qep, AV$g dp$ _pd kpnu
Ap`hphpmpdp gMu g.
Ae Apl ! Ap qTepfs_ dpfu
R>u _ W$fhS>, AV$g ly Ap `lgp dfu
J sp biL$, dpfu dep `R>u_u Nhplu
`Z AS> li, S> ly dpfu lepsudp Apù
fp Ry>.
ly A hps_u Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$
dpAd_p_p Aduf lTfs Agu, lk_,
lyk_, Agu B_ lyk_, dpldv$ B_
Agu, S>Aaf B_ dpldv$, d|kp B_
94
A_y$drZL$p
S>Aaf, Agu B_ d|kp, dpldv$ B_

Agu, Agu B_ dpldv$, lk_ B_
Agu A_ lySS>s B_ lk_. A b^p `f
spfu flds \pe Ap dpfp Bdpdp R>.
A_ Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ s_u kp\ gX$pB
L$f_pfp A_ sd_ L$sg L$f_pfp dyiqfL$p R>,
S>ApA sd_p lyL$dp_y DgO_ L$ey A b^p
S>ld_p kp\u _uQ_p cpNdp li.
A_ Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ S>Ap
Ad_p\u gX$, sAp Adpfp vy$d_p R>, A_
Ad sAp_ r^$pfuA R>uA L$dL$ sAp
isp__p V$pmp R>, A_ S>ApA Bdpdp
A.k._ L$sg L$ep, sAp `f gp_s \pe
Apl_u A_ b^p aqfspAp A_
95
A_y$drZL$p
Bkp_p_u A_ A gpL$p `f `Z gp_s \pe

S>ApA sd_p L$sgdp cpN gu^p A_ A
hps `f Myi \ep.
Ae Apl ! ly vy$$v$ A_ kgpd
`R>u s_ khpg L$$ Ry> L$ flds Dspf
dpldv$ k.A.h. Agu A.k. apsdp
kgp., lk_ A_ lyk_ A.k., Agu,
dpldv$, S>Aaf, d|kp, Agu, dpldv$,
Agu, lk_ A_ ly$s A.k. `f A_
dpfu Ap qTepfs_ R>u qTepfs _
r_dpZ L$fS>. sy Ad L$f sp d_ A
gpL$p kp\ DW$pX$S>, S> Bdpdp A.k._p
_pd ghpdp Apep. Ae dpAb|v$ !
Adpfp qv$gp_ Ad_u spbv$pfudp _dphu
96
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
v$, A_ sd_p\u riMpdZ NlZ L$fhpdp

sd_p\u dplbs fpMhpdp, sd_u
khpdp lpS>f \hpdp A_ sd_p lyL$dp
dp_hpdp gNphu v$.
dqS>v$ lp_p
Ap dqS>v$ _S>a Aifa A_ L|$ap
hQ Aphgu R> Al] epf Algbs
A.k. _ L$v$ L$fu L|$ap gphhpdp Apep epf
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._y kf dybpfL$ fpMhpdp
Apey lsy.
epf dqS>v$_p v$fhp `f `lpQ sp
L$l :
97
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
lA;3lD<,FC[ J lA<,FC[ J D[G<,FC[ J

.,<,FC[ J B1I3~,3 V;3DF9V[ l,<,FC[
TJS3S,3TM V1,<,FC[ V<,FC]dD S1N3
NB1,3TM AI3TS J VGF VFD[G]G3 A[S O
VFlDgGL D[GgGFZ[ JH3V1,3GL D[G,3
D]V3D[GLG,3 VB14IFZ[ JC14X]Z3GL OL
h]D3ZlT,3 V.dDlT,3 VT14CFZ[ A[
ZC14DT[S IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
S> L$B R> A Apl_p _pd\u A_
bfL$s\u R> A_ s_p S> gu^ R> A_ s_p
sfa\u S> R> A_ s_p sfa R> A_
Apl_p b^p _pdp kyv$f R>. ly Apl `f
cfpkp fpMy Ry>. Ae Apl ! ly spfp
98
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
Ofdp v$pMg \B fp Ry> A_ ly spfp

Apifp dpNy Ry> sp sy d_ S>ld_u ApN\u
spfu `_pldp fpM A_ dpfp iydpf
dpAd_u_pdp L$f, S>Ap _L$ R> A_ `pL$
Bdpdp A.k._p hsymdp dpfp iydpf L$f.
Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf
fld L$f_pf s_ spfu fldsp_p hpsp.
`R>u dqS>v$dp v$pMg \pe A_ Ap
qTepfs `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IAG Z;}l,<,FCP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G VDLlZ,3
D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G;14
l;1N3NLS1lTT14 TF1C[ZT[ ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3
99
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S J

DJ3,FI IF VAF V1A3lN<,FC[ J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP VX3CNM
VgGS S1N3 VS1D3T;14 ;1,FT J
VFTI3Th3 hSFT J VDZ3T lA,3
DV14~O[ J GCI3T V1lG,3 D]G3SZ[ J
T,J3T,3 lSTFA C1S14S2[ lT,FJT[CL J
@CN3T OL ;ALl,<,FC[ C1S14S2[ H[CFN[CL J
;1AZ3T V1,,3 VhF7 OL HD3A[CL
DMC14T;[AG3 C1tTF VTFS,3 ISL2GM J
VX3CNM VgG,3 ,hL8G B1h7,]S
J<,hL8G S1T,]S D,3p2G]G V1,F
,[;FlGG3 GALI3lI,3 pD3lDiIL J S1N3
100
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
BF1A DlGO3TZF ,V14G<,FC]h54 hF5,[DLG

,S]D3 D[G,3 VjJ,LG J,3 VFB[2ZLG J
hF1V1O V1,I3C[D],3 V1hF7A,3 V,LD
VTI3 T MS IF DJ3 , FI IA3 G
Z;}l,<,FC[ hF.ZG3 VF1Z[OG3 A[ C1S14S2[S
DMJF,[IG3 ,[ VJ3,LIF9V[S DMVF1N[IG3
,[ VV14NFV[S D];3TA3;2[ZG3 lA,3
CMN<,hL8 VG3T V1,I3C[ VF1Z[OG3 A[
h1,F,T[ DG3 BF1,OS OX3OV14,L .2G3N
ZaA[S J:;,FDM V1,I3S J ZC14DT]<,FC[
J AZSFTMCP
kgpdp lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p `|. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
101
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
Adu$g dpAd_u A.k._p `y kgpd lp

Ap` `f Ae rkvuL$p, splfp, sdpd
S>lp__u Apfsp_u kfv$pf S>_pb kev$p
kgp._p `y. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp
ApL$p, Ae Ab| Aqv$pl, Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp \pe Ap` `f.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` _dpTp L$ped
L$fu, TL$ps Av$p L$fu, _L$ L$pdp_u rlv$pes
L$fu A_ b|fp L$pdp\u gpL$p_ fpL$ep A_
Ly$fAp_ ifua_u rsgphs gpeL$ rsgphs
L$fu A_ S>lpv$ L$fhp_p lL$ lsp Ahp
Apl_u fpldp S>lpv$ L$ep A_ Apl_u
Myi_yv$u_u Mpsf v$fL$ s_p kL$V$p DW$pep
ep kyû L$ sd dps_ S>B cV$ep. A_ ly
102
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ S> gpL$pA Ap`_p rhfp^

L$ep A_ Ap`_u kp\ gX$pB L$fu A_
Ap`_ R>pX$u v$u^p A_ Ap`_ iluv$ L$ep.
A b^p gp_sp_p lL$v$pf R>. Ddu _bu_p
L$\_ dyS>b A_ Apl_u flds\u sAp
_pDduv$ R> S>ApA Ap` `f bplsp_
bpey. Apl_u gp_s sAp `f S>ApA
Ap` `f Tyd L$ep. `R>u s Ahgu_dp\u
lpe L$ ApMfu_dp\u A_ sd_p `f ks
ATpbdp Apl h^pfp L$f.
ly Ap`_u khpdp lpS>f \ep Ry> Ae
dpfp ApL$p,, Ae Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p afTv$, AL$ TpBf b_u_,
Ap`_p lL$_p cp_ kp\, ly Ap`_p v$psp_
103
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
v$ps fpMy Ry> A_ Ap`_p vy$d_p\u

vy$d_u. Ap`_u rlv$pes\u fpi_u dmhu_
A_ ly Ry> L$ S>ApA Ap`_p rhfp^
L$ep A Nydfpl \ep. sp Ap` Apl_u
bpfNpldp dpfp dpV$ cgpdZ L$fp. kgpd
lp Ap` `f A_ Apl_u fldsp A_
bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
`R>u b fL$ps _dpT `Y$ A_ `R>u
Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD .gGS TZF DSFGL J

T;3DFVM2 S,FDL J,F IB14OF V1,I3S
XI3pG3 lDG3 VD3ZL J SI3O IB14OF
V1,I3S DF VG3T DMSjJ[GMC} J
AFZ[VMC} J S1N3 H[V3TMS D];3TX3O[V1G3
104
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ lp_p
A[ GALiI[S GALI3lIZ3 ZC14DT[ J

DMTJ:;[,G3 A[ J;2LiI[ Z;},[S O
V;3V,MS A[CF ;7AFT,3 S1ND[ J,3CMNF
J,3 DU14O[ZT lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB2[ZCP
Ae Apl ! sy dpfp \p__ B fp R>
A_ dpfu epQ_p_ kpcmu fp R>, spfp\u
dpfu L$pB hps Ry>ù _\u A_ L$d Ry>ù flu
iL$ A hsy S>_p sy kS>_lpf R> A_ `v$p
L$f_pf R>, ly spfp v$fbpfdp spfp _bu,
spfp fld qv$g _bu A_ spfp fk|g
k.A._p hku_p hkugp kp\ lpS>f \ep Ry>
AV$g ly A b__p hpsp kp\ vy$Ap L$$ Ry> L$
sy d_ qlv$pes `f kprbs L$v$d fpM A_
vy$r_ep s\p ApMfsdp d_ bnu Ap`.
105
A_y$drZL$p
fpTA L$pdg
fpTA L$pdg
Ap fpTp lTfs Adu$g dpAd_u_
A.k._p Mpk klpbu S>_pb L$pdg rb_
qTepv$_p R>. Ap fpTpdp S>_pb L$pdg rb_
qTepv$, $iev$ lyS>fu A_ Al_a rb_
L$k_u L$bfp R>. b fL$ps _dpT lpS>s_u
`Y$u A_ `R>u Ap dyS>b `Y$ :
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FC[ V1,F DB14T:1;1GL

A[CL lDG3 T1I3lA,3 DJ3,N[
J;3TB14,;2[GL .S3ZFDG3 A[CL D[G,3
DJF,FT[ l,,3 VA3ZFlZ;3 ;OZlT,3
VT14CFZ[ J,3 B{2IZlT,3 VV14,FD[
V<,FC]dD O TS1aA,3 ;V14IL .,I3S J
106
A_y$drZL$p
fpTA L$pdg
Th1]Z3ZM.2 AI3G INI3S JU14lOZ3 ,[Ih74

hM7 G ] A <,TL ,F TB1 4 O F V1 , I3 S
.gGS,3 D,[S],3 U1O3OFZP
sdpd spfua A Apl dpV$ kTphpf R>
S>Z d_ `rh S>d kp\ dkyk L$ep A_
`psp_p L$fd\u d_ Mprgk (r_dm) L$ep
_L$ kp\ dlpbs L$fhpdp A_ `pL$uTp
AgQuAp A_ Q|V$pAgp _pdhpf gpL$p
kp\ dlpbs L$fhpdp.
Ae Apl ! dpfu Ap L$prii_ L$b|g
L$fu g A_ spfu kpd dpfp L$fNfhp_
huL$pfu g A_ dpfp A b^p Ny_plp bnu
v$ S> spfp\u Ry>`p _\u. sy S> dprgL$ A_
dpa L$fhphpmp R>.
107
A_y$drZL$p
Dl:HN[ S}OFGM GSXM

A
H I
J
E
M
C
N
F
108
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap_u rhNs

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
HGFA[ D]bTFZ
HGFA[ D]l:,D ALG VSL, VP;P
Jh] SZJFGL HuIF
HP CFGL ALG pZJF
DSFD[ .DFD HFOZ ;FlNS VP;P
ChZT V,L VP;PGL VNF,T
DMV_hFGL HuIF
DSFD[ hZAT
DSFD[ G}C VP;P
DSFD[ .DFD h{G], VFA[NLG VP;P
DSFD[ VFND VP;P
DSFD[ lHA|., VP;P
DSFD[ CP DMCdDN ;PVPJP
CP G}C VP;P GM S}JM
DSFD[ CP lBhZ VP;P
DSFD[ HGFA[ .A|FCLD VP;P
D]bI 5|J[X FZ
109
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
dqS>v$ L|$ap_u aTugs

qfhpesdp R> L$, S>hu fus d$A
dpATdl Apl_y lfd R> Ahu S> fus
L|$ap lTfs Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k._y
lfd R>. L|$apdp AL$ qv$fld kv$L$p Ap`hp_p
khpb bu S>epA kp Ap`hp bfpbf
R>. dqS>v$ L|$ap A dqS>v$ R> ep lfp
_buApA _dpT `Y$u R>, dqS>v$ L|$apdp
AL$ fL$ps _dpT `Y$hp_p khpb bu
dqS>v$pdp lf fL$ps _dpT `Y$hp
bfpbf R>. Ap dqS>v$ L|$apdp hprS>b
_dpT `Y$hp_p khpb Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h. kp\ lS> L$fhp S>V$gp R>, A_
kys _dpT `Y$hp_p khpb Ap lTfs
110
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
kp\ Ddfp L$fhp S>V$gp R>. Al] S>_pb

_|l A.k.A Apl_p lyL$d\u L$su
b_phu lsu. A_ Al]\u S> AL$ c$u
(L|$hp) dp\u `pZu Dcfp lsy S>Z L$su
rkhpe `|fu vy$r_ep Xy$bpX$u v$uû lsu. epf
dqS>v$ L|$ap Aphhp _uL$mp sp fspdp
sbulps Afbp `Y$sp flp.
epf L|$ap ilfdp v$pMg \ph sp `Y$p:
lA;3 l D<,FC[ J lA<,FC[ J OL

;ALl,<,FC[ J V1,F lD<,T[ Z;}l,<,FC[
;1 < ,<,FCM V1 , I3 C [ J VF,[ C L
V<,FC] d D VG3 l h,3 G L D] G 3 h ,D3
DMAFZSJ3 J VG3T B1I3~D3 D]G3h[,LGP
111
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
v$pMg \ph Ry> ly Apl_y _pd gB_ A_

s_p\u S> dv$v$ dpNhp kp\ A_ ly fk|g
k.A.h._u rds `f Ry>. ep Apl ! dp$
Al] Aphhy dybpfL$ L$f, L$dL$ sy S> kp\u
$ Dspfp Ap`_pf A_ dTbp_ R>.
dqS>v$ L|$ap_p Apdpg

drS>v$_p v$fhp `f Dcp flu_ `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1,F ;iI[N[GF Z;}l,<,FC[

DMC1dDlNA3G[ V1A3lN<,FC[ J VF,[lCT14
TF1C[ZLGP V:;,FDM V1,F VDLlZ,3
D] V 3 D [ G LG V1 l ,I3 l IA3 G [ VAL
TF1,[lAG3 J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC} J
V1,F D@,[;[CL J DXFC[N[CL J DSF1D[
112
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
lC2S3DT[CL J VF;F7Z[ VFAF9V[CL VFND J

G}lC2G3 J .A3ZFCLD J .;3DF.2, J
lTA3IFG[ AiI[GFT[CLP V:;,FDM
V1,,3 .DFlD,3 C1SLlD,3 V1N3l,;14
l;1N3NLl2S,3 VS3AlZ,3 OF~S[2 lA,3
lS2;3l2T,3 ,hL7 OZ3ZS1<,FCM A[CL AI3G,3
C1S14S2[ J,3 AFT2[,[ J,3 S]O3Z[ J,3 .DFG[
JX3 lXZ3S[ JT3 TJ3CL2N[ ,[ IC3,[S DG3
C,S V1D3 AiI[GlTG3 J IC14IF DG3 C1iI
V1D3 AiI[GlTG3P VX3CNM VgGS
VDL~,3 D]V3D[GLG J BF92:1;1TM GO3l;,3
D]G3THALG J hI3G];14 l;1N3NLS2LG J
;F1 A [ ~ ,3 D] D 3 T C1 G LG J VgGS
113
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
C1SD]<,FC[ OL VZ3h[2CL J SF1hL2 VD3Z[CL

J AFAM l2CS3DT[CL J VF1S2[NM V1C3N[CL
JG3 GFT[2SM2 A[ JV14N[CL J,3 C1A3,],3
DJ3;}1,M AI3GC} J AI3G V[2AFN[CL J
SC3O}G3 G@T[ J lDG3 CFH]tTMSF1 JN3
NZHT],3 p2,3IF J DMCI3D[G],3 SF1l2h,3
VV14,F IF VDLZ,3 D]V3D[GLG A[S
VTS1Z3ZAM .,<,FC[ h],3OF VG3T
J,LiIL J ;iI[NL J J;L,TL lON3
N]G3IF J,3 VFB2[ZCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adpfp kfv$pf
Apl_p fk|g dpldv$ rb_ Avy$pl
k.A.h. A_ Ap`_u `pL$ Apg `f.
114
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adu$g

dpAd_u_ Agu B_ Arbsprgb A.k.
Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp lp Ap` `f
A_ kgpd lp sd_u dS>rgkp `f. sd_p
`pL$ dTpfp `f A_ sd_p ipZ`Z_p
\mp `f. sd_p `|h_u r_ip_uAp `f.
Apv$d A.k., _|l A.k., Bbplud A.k.
A_ BdpBg A.k. `f A_ sd_p
dpATpAp lf \hp `f. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae op_u Bdpd, S> Apqv$g R>,
kp\u dlp_ sv$uL$ L$f_pf R>, S> lL$ A_
bprsgdp afL$ L$f_pf R>. Apl sd_p
pfp lL$ A_ bprsgdp, Ly$af A_
Bdp_dp, riL$ A_ spluv$dp afL$ L$fu
bspep. S>\u S> _pi `pd A v$gug kp\
115
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
A_ hsp fl sp v$gug kp\.

ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd MfMf
dpAd_u__p Aduf R>p. dysMb gpL$p_p
ApNhp_, qkvuL$p_u ipcp, A_ Bslp_
Ap`_pfpApdp ûfS>hp_, A_ MfMf
sd S>du_ `f Apl sfa\u `kv$ L$fgp
ghpv$ R>p, s_p lyL$dp dyS>b akgp
Ap`_pf R>p A_ s_u rlL$ds_p v$fhp
R>p s_p hQ_\u bp^_pfp R>p A_ s_p
hpev$p `f hQ_b R>p A_ s_p s\p s_p
bv$pAp hQ kb^_u L$X$u R>p. _s_y
\m R>p, sL$hp_p fsp R>p, Ap`_p
dfsbp KQp R>, Ap`_p akgp AV$g R>,
Ae Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k. Ap`_u
116
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
dpfas ly Apl_u r_L$V$sp Qply Ry> sd S>

dpfp hpgu R>p dpfp kfv$pf R>p A_ vy$r_ep
sdS> ApMfsdp dpfp hkugp R>p.
`R>u dqS>v$dp v$pMg \pe. A_
dqS>v$ L|$ap_p Apdpg Av$p L$f.
(1)
dL$pd Bbplud A.k.
Ap dykp `f Qpf fL$ps _dpT `Y$. `lgu

b fL$psdp k|fA lv$ A_ Ly$g lphpl.
bu b fL$psdp k|fA lv$ A_ k|fA Bp
A_Tg_p. _dpT `R>u S>_pb kev$p
k.A._u sbul `Y$u_ `psp_u lpS>sp
dpN.
117
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
`R>u `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1 , F V[ 2 A FlN<,FlC2 ; 1 4
;F1,[C2LGZ3 ZFX[NLG,3 ,hL7G Vh74CA
v<,FCM V1G3CMD]Z3 lZH3; J T1C3CZC]D3
TT14CLZFP J HV1,C]D3 VD3A[IF9V
D]Z3;,LG J C]1H3HTG3 V1,,3 B1,3S2[
VH3D.2G J ;,FD]G3 V1,,3 D]Z3;,LG
J,3 C1D3NM l,<,FC[ ZA3lA,3 VF1,DLG
hF7,[S TS14NL~,3 V1hLlh,3 V1,LDP
kgpd \pe Apl_p _L$ bv$pAp D`f
S>Ap rlv$pes L$fhphpmpAp R> S>_p\u
Apl v$fL$ L$pf_u Nv$Nu v|$f fpMu R> A_
Ahp `pL$ b_pep R> S>hp `pL$ b_phhp_p
118
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
lL$ R>. A_ sd_ _buAp A_ fk|gpdp

W$fpep A_ kS>_ `f `psp_u ly$s
b_pep. kgpd \pe b^p fk|gp `f bû
spAfua A Apl dpV$ ipcpedp_ R>, S>
bû vy$r_epAp_ `pmhphpmp R>, Ap
r_dpZ R> Nprgb A_ Zhp hpmp
sfa\u.
`R>u kps hMs L$l :
;,FD]G3 V1,F G}l2CG3 lO,3 VF1,DLGP

kgpd lp S>_pb _|l A.k. `f
`R>u L$l : GC3GM V1,F J;2LiI[T[S IF
J,LiI,3 D]V3D[GLG,3 ,TL VJ3;1I3T

A[CF h]7Z3ZLiITS D[G,3 D]Z3;,LG J;14
119
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
l2;N3NLSL2G J GC14GM lDG3 XLV1T[S J

XLV1 T [ GALiI[ G F DMC1 d DlNG
;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[ J VF,[CL J
V1,I3S J V1,F HDL.2,3 D]Z3;,LG J,3
VD3A[IF9V[ J;14 ;F1N[S2LG J GC14GM V1,F
lD<,T[ .A3ZFCLD J NLG[ DMC1dDlNG3
GALI3lI,3 pdDLiI[ J,3 V.dDlT,3
DC3NLiILG J lJ,FIT[ DJ3,FGF
V1 , LI3 l IG3 VDLlZ,3 D] V 3 D [ G LGP
V:;,FDM V1,,3 AXLlZG3 GhL7Z[
;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3C[ J ZC14DTMC} J
lZh14JFGMC} J AZSFTMC} J V1,F
J;2LiI[CL J B1,LOT[lCX3 XFC[N[ l,<,FC[
120
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
lDD3 AV14N[CL V1,F B1,3S[2CL V1,LI3lIG3

VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG;14 l2;N3NLl2S,3
VS3AZ[ J,3 OF~lS2,3 DMALlG,3 ,hL7
VB1h74T AI3V1TC} V1,,3 V1F,DLG
Zh2LTM A[lCD3 VJ3,[IF9V J DJF,[I J
C1]S3SFDG3 OL GO3;L J J],NL J VC3,L J
DF,L J l2S;3DL J l2C<,L J V[C14ZFDL J
.;3,FDL J NLGL J N]G3IFI J VFB[2ZTL
J DC14IFI J DDFTL VG3TMD],3
V.dDTM lO,3 lSTFA[ J O;14,],3 DSF1D[
J O;14,],3 lB1TF1A[ J VV14IMG],3
C1I3lI,3 ,hL7 ,F IGFDM J VG3T]D3
CM2SDF9p<,FC[ J A[ S]D3 C1SD<,FCM J
121
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
A[S]D3 VM2Z[O C1S14S1]<,FC[ ,F .,FC

.<,<,FCM DMC1dDN]Z3 Z;},]<,FC[ VG3T]D3
G}~<,FC[ lDG3 AI3G[ VI3NLGF J lDG3
B1,3O[GF VG3T]D3 ;]gGT]<,F lC,3 ,TL
A[CF ;AS1,3 S1hF92VM IF VDLZ,3
D]V3D[GLG VGF ,S}D3 DM;<,[D]G3
T;3,LDG3 ,F pX3Z[SM lA<,FC[ XI3VG3
J ,F VtTB[2hM7 lDG3 N}G[CL J,LiIG3$
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FlC, ,hL7 CNFGL A[ S]D3
J DF S]G3TM ,[ VC3TN[I ,J3 ,F VG3
CNFG[ I <,FCM V<,FCM VS3 A ZM
V<,FCM VS3AZM V<,FCM VS3AZM V,3
C1D3NM l,<,FC[ V1,F DF CNFGFP
122
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Ae dpAd_u__p hpgu Ad Ap`_u

hrkes `f L$ped R>uA. S> hrkes Ap`
Ap`_u Apgpv$_ L$fu, S>Ap fk|gp A_
rkvuL$pdp\u R> A_ Ad Ap`_p qiepAp
R>uA A_ Adpfp _bu dpldv$
k.A.h._p qiepAp R>uA. Apl_u
flds \pe sd_p `f sd_u Apg `f A_
Ap` `f A_ b^p fk|gp `f A_ kpQp
_buAp `f, A_ kpQpAp `f, A_ Ad
Bbplud A.k._u rds `f R>uA, A_
Ddu _bu dpldv$ k.A.h._p v$u_ `f
R>uA A_ rlv$pes Ap`_pfp Bdpdp_p
dTlb `f R>uA A_ Adpfp ApL$p
Adu$g dpAd_u_ k.A._u rhgpes_
123
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
dp__pfp R>uA.
kgpd lp, Ad_ S>s_u Myi Mbfu
Ap`_pfp `f A_ Ad_ S>ld_u ApN\u
X$fphu _L$u sfa hpm_pfp `f. Apl_u
sd_p `f kghps _pqTg \pe, s_u Mpk
fldsp _pqTg \pe, s_u Myiu p \pe,
A_ s_u bfL$sp _pqTg \pe A_ sd_p
_iu_ hku `f A_ sd_p Mguap `f
S>Ap sd_p `R>u rh_p gpL$p `f
Apl_p sfa\u Nhpl R>, AV$g L$ lTfs
Agu Adu$g dpAd_u_ `f S>Ap kuvuL$
AL$bf R> A_ `$ fus lL$ A_ bprsg_
Sy>v$p L$f_pf R>, S>d_u bAs sdpd gpL$p
`pk\u ghpdp Aphu. ly A hps `f Myi Ry>
124
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
L$ sAp hguAp R>, dpfu _ `f, v$fL$

hps_p Ar^L$pf ^fph R> A_ dpfp h,
dpfu Apgpv$ A_ dpfu Ofhpmu `f, dpfp
dpg, dpfp cpN, dpfp rlg A_ lfd `f,
dpfp Bgpd, dpfp v$u_, dpfu vy$r_ep A_
dpfu ApMfs, dpfp h_ A_ dpfp dfZ
`f lL|$ds L$f_pfp R>p. sd Ly$fAp__u _k
(lyL$d) dyS>b Bdpdp R>p sdp$ \p_
fpi_ R>, sdp$ L$\_ lL$ A_ bprsg_
AgN L$f_pf R> A_ Ap`_u ApMp kv$p
Ns R> S> L$v$u KOsu _\u. A_ sdp
Bdpdp, Apl_p sfa\u lpqL$dp R>p A_
Ap`_p pfp S> Apl_p lyL$dp fu \ep
A_ sdpA Apl_p l$p_u `lQp_
125
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
L$fphu. Agpl rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$

_\u dpldv$ k.A.h. Apl_p fk|g R>.
A_ Ap` kplbp Apl_p _|f R>p Adpfu
kpd A_ Adpfu `pR>m `Z. sd kplbp
Apl_u A kys R>p S> Apl_u f `f
fp flhpdp ApNm hû Nep.
Ae Adu$g dpAd_u_ d Ap`_p pfp
Ahp Bgpd L$b|g L$ep R> S>hp L$b|g
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126
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127
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128
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129
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131
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132
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134
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136
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140
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141
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142
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148
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149
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150
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Ae dlp_ spfp lL$_p hpsp\u, S>
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ s_u lLuLu Apgpv$
`f R> A_ dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u
Apgpv$_p lL$_p hpsp\u S> spfp `f R>
A_ spfp A lL$_p hpsp S> Agu A.k.
`f R> A_ Agu A.k._p A lL$_p hpsp
S> spfp `f R> A_ spfp A lL$_p hpsp S>
apsdp k.A. `f R> A_ S>_pb apsdp
k.A._p A lL$_p hpsp S> spfp `f R>
151
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
A_ spfp A lL$_p hpsp S> Bdpd lk_

A.k. `f R> A_ Bdpd lk_ A.k._p A
lL$_p hpsp S> spfp `f R> A_ spfp A
lL$_p hpsp S> Bdpd lyk_ A.k. `f R>
A_ Bdpd lyk_ A.k. _p A lL$_p hpsp
S> spfp `f R>. L$dL$ MfMf sd_p lL$p S>
spfp `f R> A spfp $ B_Apddp\u R>
S> s Ad_ A`Z L$ep R> A_ spfu A
ip__p hpsp S> sd_u _S>v$uL$$ R> A_
sd_u A ip__p hpsp S> spfu _S>v$uL$ R>
L$ sy kghps dpL$g sd_p `f Ae
`pg_lpf, Ahu r_fsf kghps S> spfu
A_lv$ Myiu_p sp` lpe A_ sd_p
hpsp\u dpfp A Ny_plp bnu Ap` S>
152
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
spfu A_ dpfu hQ R> A_ spfu dg|L$_

dpfp\u fp fpM A_ dpfp `f spfu
_Adsp sdpd L$f. S>hu fus s sdpd L$fu
_Adsp_ dpfp bp`-v$pv$pAp `f. Ap
`lgp A_ Ap rhjedp dpfp `f spfu AL$
`Z dMg|L$_p Alkp_ _ QX$hp v$ A_
dpfp `f Ahp Alkp_ L$f S>hp s Ap
`lgp dpfp bp`v$pv$pAp `f L$ep R>. Ae
L$pa, lp, Ae_, hpv$. bpf Bgplp ! S>hu
fus s dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u Apg
`f vy$$v$ _pqTg L$ey R> Ahu fus dpfu vy$Ap
`Z L$b|g L$fu g. Ae L$`pmy ly spfp\u
khpg L$$ Ry> Ae L$`pmy Ae L$`pmy.
153
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
`R>u rkS>v$pdp S>B `Y$ :
IF DI\3 ISN41Z[M V,
1 F CJ1FV
9 l[H;3
;FV
9 ,
[ LG J IVD41, DF OL hD1LlZ;41
;FD1T[LG IF D,3 ,F ICT41F@[ V,
[ T3
TO;
3 LZ[ IF DG3 IV,
41 DM BFV
29 G
[ T,3
VVI
41 MG[ J DF TB
] l41O;41 ;MN2Z}M IF DG3
VGh
3 ,,3 Vh
1 FA
7 V,
1 F SJ1D3[ IG
} ;
] J
CMJF IMZLNM VI\3 IMVh
1 h
47 A
8[ CD]3 O
NVJ1C3} J ThZ1Z3p2 .,IC3[ O SXO
VG
1 C3MD,
] 3 Vh
1 FA
7 J DtTVC1D]3 .,F
CLl2GG3 SN13 TZF DSFGL J T;D3VM2 NV
] F.29
J TV,
41 DM CFH1TL OSO3G
[ L DF VCdDGL
lDG3 VDZ3[ NLGL J NG
] I
3 FI J VFBZ2[CP
154
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Ae dpNhphpmpAp_u lpS>sp_ `|fu

L$fhp iqsdp_, A_ Q|` fl_pfpAp_p
d__ hpQ_pfp Ae s L$ S>_ rhspf\u
kdhhp_u S>$fs _\u, Ae ApMp_u
Qpfu_ `pfMu g_pf, A_ qv$gp_p cv$p_
Z_pf, Ae L$ S>Z L$pd ey_yk D`f
ATpb _pqTg L$ep `Z l ATpb
_pqTg L$fhp_p Bfpv$p S> Tprlf L$ep lsp
ep sp sZ vy$Ap A_ L$pL$g|v$u_ huL$pfu
ATpb V$pmu v$u^p A_ sd_ AL$ dplgs
Apù L$ sAp _L$u L$fu g. MfMf sy dpfu
q\rs_ Z R>, dpfp bpg_ kpcm R>
A_ dpfu lpS>sp_ Z R>, sp sy dpfp
fS>_ v|$f L$f, S> d_ v$u__p AlL$pddp,
155
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
vy$r_ep_p L$pfpbpfdp L$ ApMfs_p

rlkpbdp NdNu_ L$f.
`R>u rkS>v$pdp 70 hMs L$l IF ;iINL
(Ae dpfp kfv$pf)
rkS>v$pdp\u dp\y DW$phu A_ `Y$ :
U1NJ3TM A[C1J3l,<,FC[ J S]1jJT[CL

U1NJ3TM A[ U1I3Z[ C1J3l,D3 lDgGL J,F
S1]jJlTJ3 J,F lSD3 A[C1J3l,<,FC[ J
S1]jJT[CL IF ZaA[ V;3V,MS AZST
CFh7,3 DJ3h[2V[2 J AZST VC3,[CL J
V;3V,MS VG3 TZ3hMS1GL lDG3
lZh3S[2S,3 C1,F,T14 T1iI[lA,3 JF;[V2[
156
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
lZh3S1G3 C1,F,G3 T1iI[AG3 JF;[V1G3

T;}SM2C} V[,iI A[ C1J3,[S J S1]jJT[S J
VGF OL lC2O3lh5D3 lDG3S BF92V[h1]G3 OL
V1FO[IlTG3 IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
d Apl_u dv$v$ A_ iqs kp\
qv$hk_p Apfc L$ep, d L$B dpfu iqs A_
bm\u khpf _\u L$fu `Z Agpl_u
iqs A_ dv$v$\u L$fu R>. Ae `pg_lpf,
ly dpNZu L$$ Ry>, L$ sy d_ spfu `pL$uTp
lgpg A_ rhipm qfTL$dp\u `pL$uTp,
lgpg A_ rhipm fp Asp L$f A_ spfu
dv$v$ A_ iqs\u s_ dpfu sfa dpL$g A_
ly spfp Apifpdp kyfrns A_ kyMu fly.
Ae kp fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf
157
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
fld L$f_pf.
dpN.
(7) dL$pd rS>bBg A.k.

Ap dykp `f b fL$ps _dpT `Y$,
`R>u S>_pb kev$p k.A._u sbul
`Y$ A_ `R>u Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD .gGL V;3V,MS A[

HDLV[2 V;3DF9V[S S]<,[CF DF V1l,D3GF
lDG3CF J DF ,F GV14D,M J V;3V,MS
lA;3 D [ S ,3 V1 h 6 L lD,3 VV1 4 h 5 l D,3
SALlZ,3 VS3AlZ,3 ,h8L DG3 NVF1S
A[CL VHA3TC} J DG3 ;V,S A[CL
158
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
VV14T1I3TC} J DlG;3 TG3;1ZS A[CL

G;1Z3TC} J DlG;3 TU14OZS A[CL U1OZ3T
,C} J DlG;3 TVF1GS A[CL VV14GTC} J
DlG;3 TZ3hS1S A[CL ZhS14TC} J DlG;3
TUF1;7S A[CL VU1;3TC} J DlG;3
TZ3C1DS A[CL ZlC2D3TC} J DlG;3 T@ZS
A[CL VHZ3TC} J DG3 TJS3S, V1,I3S
A[CL SOI3TC} J DlG;3 TV14;1DS A[CL
V1;1D3TC} J DlG;3 TG3S1h7S A[CL D[GG3
GFZ[ VG3S1h74TC} J DlG;3 TV14T1OS
A[CL TV1t1T1O3T ,C} J DG3 VdD,S
A[CL VV14T1I3TC],3 ,hL7T3 TB1h74T A[CL
VFND ;1OLiIG3 J G}C1G3 GI\J3 J
159
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
.A3ZFCLD B1,L,\J3 J D};F S,LD\J3 J

.1;F ~C1J3 J DMC1dDNG3 C1ALAJ3 J
V1 l ,iI\ J 3 J;L2 i IG3 ;1 < ,<,FCM
V1,I3lCD3 VH3D.2G VG3 TS14h2[I ,L
C1JF9V[ J TV14OMJ V1dD ;,O lDG3
hM8G}AL J TTOh14h1, V1,iI A[DF
VG3T VC3,MC} J ,[ HDL.1,3 D]V3D[GLG
J,3 D]V3D[GFT[ l,N3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZT[
IF DMOZ3Z[H CD3lD,3 DC3D}DLG J IF
U2[IF;7,3 D,3C}OLG ,F .,FC .<,F
VG3T ;]A3CF1GS IF ZaA,3 VF1,DLGP
Ae Apl ly khpg L$$ Ry> spfp A b^p
_pdp_p hpsp\u S>_ ly Ry> A_ S>_ ly
160
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
_\u Zsp A_ ly spfp Bd ApTd_p

hpsp\u khpg L$$ Ry>, S> O dpVy$ _pd R>.
dlp_dp dlp_ _pd R>, Ahy _pd R> L$ S>
L$pB A _pd\u spfp `pk vy$Ap dpN sp s
L$b|g \pe R> A_ A _pd\u dpNZu L$f sp
sy s_ Ap` R> A_ s _pd\u spfu dv$v$ dpN
sp sy s_u dv$v$ L$f R>. A_ spfp A _pd
kp\ spbp L$f sp sy s_u spbp L$b|g L$fu g
R>. Ap _pd\u L$pB klpe dpN sp sy s_
klpe L$f R>. fp dpN sp sy fp Ap`
R>. S> spfp\u aqfepv$ L$f sp s_u aqfepv$_
`lpQ R> A_ S> v$ep dpN s_ sy v$ep L$f R>.
Ap _pd\u L$B `_pl dpNsp sy s_
`_pl Ap` R>. A_p hpsp\u spfp `f
161
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
cfpkp L$f sp sy s_ dpV$ L$pau R>, Ap

_pd\u L$pB fnZ dpN sp sy s_y fnZ
L$f R>. Ap _pd\u L$pB v$pTM_u ApN\u
bQhp Qpl sp sy s_ bQph R>. L$pB Ap
_pd \L$u spfu dlfbp_u Qpl sp sy s_p `f
dlfbp_u L$f R>. Ap _pd \L$u L$pB ApfT|
L$f sp sy s_u ApfT| `|fu L$f R>. Ap _pd
hX$ s Apv$d A.k._ kau, _|l A.k._
_s `pd_pfp, Bbplud A.k._p v$ps,
d|kp A.k. _ hps L$f_pf, A_ Bkp
A.k._ spfu $l A_ dpldv$ k.A.h. _
spfp lbub b_pep A_ Agu A.k._
hku, A sdpd `f spfu kghps _pqTg
\pe. sy Adpfu lpS>sp_ `|fu L$f v$, A_
162
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Adpfp `pR>gp Ny_plp_ dpa L$fu v$, A_ sy

Adpfp `f aTg L$f S> spfu ip__ gpeL$
R>. b^p dpAd_p A_ dpAd_ps `f
v|$r_ep A_ ApMfsdp aTg L$f. Ae
aqfepv$ L$fhphpmpAp_u aqfepv$ `lpQ_pf,
A_ dv$v$ dpN_pfpAp_u dv$v$ `lpQ_pf,
spfu rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u, sy
b^p Abp\u `pL$ R>, Ae sdpd
vy$r_epAp_p `pg_lpf.
(8) dL$pd Bdpd T_yg Apbv_

A.k.
Ap dykp `f b fL$ps _dpT `Y$
163
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
`Y$u_ Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
lA;3lD<,FlCZ3 ZC14DFlGZ3 ZCL2D

V<,FC]dD .gG hM8G}AL S1N3 S;M8ZJ3
J ,D3 IA3S1 ,CF .<,F Z@9VM V1O3J[S J
S1N3 S1N3ND3TM VF,T,3 lC1Z3DFG[ .,I3S O
VGFP V;3V,MS V<,FC]dD DF ,F
V;3TJ3H[AMC} J VT14,MAM lDG3S DF ,F
V;3 T lC1 S 1 4 S M2 C } P V<,FC] d D .G3
TMV1h74lh7A3GL O A[ hM8G}AL J ,D3
Th45l,D3GL XI3V\J3 J .G3 TU14lOZ3 ,L O
B1I3ZM ZFC2[lDG3 VG3T IF ;iI[NLP
V<,FC]dD VG3T VG3T J VGF VGF
164
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
VG3T,3 V1jJFNM lA,3 DU14O[ZT[ J VG,3

V1jJFNMlAh74 hM8G}A[ J VG3T,3
DMTOh41h2[,M lA,3 lC2,3D[ J VG,3
V1jJFNM lA,3 HC3,[P V<,FC]dD O .gGL
V;3V,MS IF SG3hh14 hM2V1OF9V[ IF
V1hL6DZ3 Z@9V[ IF D]G3S[2h7,3 U1Z3S1F IF
D]G3H[I,3 C,3SF IF DMDLT,3 VC14IF9V[
IF D]C14I[I,3 DJ3TF VG3T<,FC],3 ,hL8
,F .,FC .<,F VG3T VG3T,3 ,hL8
;HN ,S XMVFp2X3 XD3;[ J G}~,3 S1DZ[
J h5],3DT],3 ,I3,[ J h1J3pG3 GCFZ[ J
B1 O S1 F G] 1 T 3 T1 I 3 Z [ O V;3 V ,MS
V<,FC]dD IF V1hL6DM A[ C1S14S2[S IF
165
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
SZLDM V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[lC2;3

;F1N[SL2G J A[ C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlN\J3 J
VF,[lC;14 ;F1N[SL2G V1,I3S J A[ C1S14S2[S
V1,F V1,LI3lI\J3 J A[ C1S14S2[ V1,LI3lIG3
V1,I3S J A[ C1S14S2[S V1,F OFT2[DT J A[
C1S14S2[ OFT2[DT V1,I3S J A[ C1S14S2[S
V1,,3 C1;G[ J A[ C1S14lS2,3 C1;G[ V1,I3S
J A[ C1S14S2[S V1,,3 C]1;I3G[ J A[ C1S14lS1,3
C]1;I3G[ V1,I3S O .gG C]1S1}S1C]D3 lDG3
VO3h1,[ .G3VF1D[S V1,I3lCD3 J lAX3
XV3lG,3 ,h8L ,S .1G3NC]D3 J lAX3
XV3lG,3 ,hL8 ,C]D3 .1G3NS ;1<,[ IF
ZaA[ V1,I3lCD3 ;1,FTG3 NF9V[DTG3
166
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
D]G3TCF Z[hF1S JU14lOZ3 ,L A[C[D]h74

hM8G}A,3 ,TL AI3GL J AI3GS J
VT3 l DD3 G[ V 1 4 D TS V1 , iI SDF
VT3DD3TCF V1,F VFAF9. lDG3 S1A3,M
IF SF9O CF IF V92I3G ;1JF9NP V<,FC]dD
SDF ;1<,I3T V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 O;3TlHA3 ,L N]VF92. OL DF
;V,3TMSP
i$ L$$ Ry> Apl_p _pd\u S> Aes
v$epmy A_ L$`p L$f_pf R>. Ae Apl !
MfMf dpfp Ny_pl AV$gp hû Nep R> L$
lh spfu brni_u Dqdv$ rkhpe L$B bpL$u
_\u. d dpfu r_fpip_y v$pd_ spfu kpd
167
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
agphu v$u^y R>.

Ae Apl ! ly A dpNZu L$$ Ry> S> ly
dpNhp_ gpeL$ _\u. ly spfp\u A hsy
dpNy Ry> S> dpNhp_ ly gpeL$ _\u. Ae
Apl ANf lh sy dpfp Ny_plp_p
bv$gpdp sy dpfp `f ATpb L$f sp sdp
S>fpe Tyd L$ep _l] L$lhpe A_ sy
bnu Ap` sp spfp\u $ v$ep L$f_pf
buSy> L$pZ R>. sy dpfp dprgL$ R>. Ae
Apl sy sy R> A_ ly ly Ry>. sy hpfhpf bnu
Ap` R> A_ ly hpfhpf Ny_pl L$$ Ry>. sy
krlsp`|hL$ rhij D`L$pf L$f R> epf
ly hpfhpf d|MpB L$$ Ry>. lh ly spfp\u dpNy
Ry> Ae r_fp^pfp_p Ap^pf, Ae dpfu
168
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Apip_y L$ , Ae X| $ b_pfpAp _ p
spfZlpf, Ae _pi `pd_pfpAp_
bQph_pf, Ae hspAp_ dpf_pf A_
dyv$pAp_ hpX$_pf, sy Apl R> spfu
qkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u. Ae s
lsu S>_ k|fS>_p qL$fZpA rkS>v$p L$ep,
A_ Qpv$_u fpi_uA, fps_p A^L$pf, A_
qv$hk_p DS>mpA A_ `nuAp _ p
V$pmpApA rkS>v$p L$ep, AV$g Ae dlp_
Apl ly spfp lL$_p hpsp\u dpNy Ry>.
Ae L$fud spfp A lL$_p hpsp S>
dpldv$ k.A.h A_ s_u Apg `f spfp
lL$ R>, A_ dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u
kpQu Apg_p lL$ S> spfp `f R>. spfp
169
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Agu A.k. `f_p lL$_p hpsp A_ Agu

A.k._p spfp `f lL$_p hpsp spfpA
lL$_p hpsp S> S>_pb apsdp kgp. `f
spfp R> A_ spfp `f S> lL$ S>_pb apsdp
Tlfp k.A._p R>. spfp A lL$_p hpsp S>
lk_ A.k. `f R> A_ spfp `f S> lL$
lk_ A.k._p R>. A lL$_p hpsp S> spfp
Bdpd lyk_ A.k. `f R> A_ Bdpd lyk_
A.k._p A lL$_p hpsp S> spfp `f R>.
MfMf sd_ S> lL$p s Apep R> A AL$
dpVy$ BApd R> sp$ sAp `f. spfu A
ip__p hpsp S> sAp_u `pk R> A ip__p
hpsp S> spfu `pk sAp_u ip_ R>. Ae
`pg_lpf sd_p `f ldip ldip_y vy$$v$
dpL$g S> spfu My_|v$u_p As lpe, A_
170
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
sd_p hpsp\u dpfp A Ny_plp_ bnu

Ap` S> dpfu A_ spfu hQ R> A_ dpfu
D`f _Adsp_ sdpd L$f S>hu fus s
_Adsp sdpd L$fu R>. dpfp bp`-v$pv$p
`f. Ae L$pa, lp, ep, Ae_, hpv$, dpfu
vy$ApAp_ L$b|g afdph, S> L$B d spfp\u
dpNu R>.
`R>u rkS>v$pdp S>B S>dZp Npg_ MpL$
`f fpMu_ OZu hMs L$l :
IF ;iI[NL IF ;iI[NL IF ;iI[NL ;1<,[

V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlN\J3
JU14lOZ ,L JU14lOZ ,LP
Ae dpfp kfv$pf, Ae dpfp kfv$pf, Ae
171
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
dpfp kfv$pf dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg

dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vy$$v$ _pqTg L$f A_
d_ bnu Ap`, d_ bnu Ap`.
`R>u X$pbp Npg_ MpL$ `f fpMu A_
Ahu S> fus rkS>v$pdp OZu hMs
`Y$, A_ `psp_u lpS>sp Apl
sApgp\u dpN.
(9) dL$pd lTfs _|l A.k.

Ap dykgp `f Qpf fL$ps _dpT `Y$,
`Y$u_ Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J

VF,[ DMC1dDlN\J3 JS14h[2 CF1HTL IF
172
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
V<,FCM IF DG3 ,F IBL2AM ;F9V[,MC} J

,F IG3ONM GF9V[,MC} IF SF1h[2I,3 CF1HFT[
IF DMAN3 NV14JFT[ IF ZaA,3 VZ3h2LG
J;3 ;DFJFT[ IF SFX[O,3 SMZMAFT[ IF
JF;[V1,3 V1T2LiIFT[ IF NFO[V1G3
GS[2DFT[ IF DMAN3N[,;3 ;iI[VFT[
C1;GFlTG3 p2N3 V1,iI A[ T1J3,[S J
Oh14,[S J V[C14;FG[S J;3TlHA3 N]VF92.
OL DF ;V,3TMS J T1,A3TM lDG3S A[
C1S14S2[ GALliIS J J;2LiI[S J
VJ3,[IF9V[S;14 ;1F,[C2LGP
Ae Agpl ! dpldv$ k.A.h. A_
Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f kghps dpL$g
173
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
A_ dpfu lpS>s `|fu L$f. Ae Agpl,

Ae L$ S>_u `pk khpg L$f_pfp r_fpi _\u
\sp _ L$pB _yL$kp_dp fl R>. Ae lpS>sp
`|fu L$f_pf, Ae vy$ApAp L$b|g L$f_pf,
Ae Apkdp_p S>du__p `pg_lpf, Ae
vy$:Mp_ V$pm_pf, Ae rhipm Asp L$f_pf,
Ae ATpb_ v|$f L$f_pf, Ae Ny_plp_
_L$udp bv$gu _pM_pf, dpfu kp\ spfu
Dv$pfsp, spfu L$`p A_ spfp Alkp_ kp\
hsph L$f. dpfu vy$Ap L$b|g L$fu g, S> L$B d
spfu `pk dpey R> A_ S> L$B sgb L$ey s
spfp _bu k.A.h. A_ s_p hku A_
s_p kpgl hguAp_p kv$L$ d_ Asp L$f.
174
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
(10) lTfs Agu A.k._u

dlfpb
Al] b fL$ps _dpT A_ S>_pb
kev$p k.A._u sbul `Y$u_ Ap
vy$Ap `Y$ :
IF DG3 Vh54CZ,3 HDL, J ;TZ,3

S1ALC1 IF DG3 ,D3 IMVFlB2h74 lA,3
HZLZT[ J ,D3 IC3T[lS;3 l;T3Z J;3
;ZLZT IF V1hL6D,3 V1O3J[ IF C1;GT3
THFJMh[ IF JF;[2V1,3 DU14O[ZT[ IF
AF;[T1,3 INI3G[ lAZ3 ZC14DT[ IF ;F1C2[A
S]<,[ GH3JF IF D]G3TCF S]<,[ XS3JF IF
SZLD;14 ;1O3C2[\ IF V1hL6DZ3 ZHF9V[ IF
175
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
;iI[NL ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[

DMC1dDlN\J3 JO3V1,3 AL DF VG3T
VC3,MC} IF SZLDP
Ae _L$uAp_ NV$ L$f_pf, A_
b|fpBAp_ Y$pL$_pf, Ae S> Ny_plp_ dpa
L$fu v$ R> A_ `|R>p _\u L$fsp, Aebp_
Ry>`phu v$ R> A_ bv$pAp_ bv$_pd _\u
L$fsp A dlp_ bnhphpmp, Ae kpfu fus
v$fNyTf L$f_pfp, Ae Ny_plp_ Dv$pfsp\u
dpa L$f_pf, Ae v$u_u A_ vy$ehu
_Adsp_ flds_u kp\ agph_pf, Ae
v$fL$ Nys hpsp_ kpcmu g_pf. Ae
riL$pes L$f_pfp_u riL$pesp kpcm_pf,
176
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Ae v$fNyTf L$f_pf A_ Ae dlp_ Apip

v$_pf, Ae kfv$pf, dpldv$ k.A.h. `f
A_ Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vyv$
_pqTg L$f A_ dpfp kp\ Ahy hs_ S> s_
ipc Ae dlp_ L$`pmy.
`R>u `p s p_u lpS>sp Agpl
sApgp\u dpN.
(11) dL$pd Bdpd S>Aaf

kpqv$L$ A.k.
Ap dykgp `f b fL$ps _dpT A_
S>_pb kev$p k.A._u sbul
`Y$u_ Ap vy$Ap `Y$:
177
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
IF ;F1G[V1 S]<,[ D;14G}.2J3 J IF HFA[Z

S]<,[ S;LlZJ3 J IF CF1h[2Z S]<,[ D,.\J3 J
IF XFC[N S]<,[ GH3JF J IF VF1,[D S],,[
B1OLiIlT\J3 J IF XFC[NG3 U1I3Z
UF92V[lA\J3 J IF UF1,[AG3 U1I3Z
DU14,}lA\J3 J IF S1ZLlA\G3 U1I3Z A.2lNJ3
J IF D}G[; S]<,[ JCL2lN\J3 J IF C1iIG3
CL2G ,F C1iI U1IZMC} IF D]C14I[I,3 DJ3TF
J DMDLT,3 VC14IF9.,3 SF92V[D V1,F S]<,[
GO3l;D3 A[ DF S;AT3 ,F .,FC .<,F
VG3T ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[
DMC1dDNP
178
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
Ae v$fL$ hsy_p b_ph_pf Ae c_

qv$gp_ kp^_pf Ae v$fL$ dS>dpdp lpS>f,
Ae v$fL$ Ry>ù hpsp_p Nhpl, Ae v$fL$
Ry>ù hpsp_ Z_pf, Ae Ahp dpS|>v$ S>
L$v$u Npeb _\u. Ahp s_pf S> L$v$u
`fprS>s _\u \sp Ahp `pk fl_pf L$ L$v$u
v|$f _\u \sp, Ae v$fL$ AL$ghpep_p
dv$v$Npf, Ae hs Ahp hs L$ S>epf
L$pB hsy _ lsy, Ae dyfv$p_ kh_
L$f_pf A_ hspAp_ dps v$_pf, Ae
v$fL$ h_p s_p kpdp_ kp\ fnZ L$f_pf,
spfp rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u,
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg dpldpv$
A.dy.k. `f vy$v$ _pqTg L$f.
179
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
`R>u `psp_u lpS>sp Agpl

sApgp\u dpN.
(12) lTfs Agu A.k._p

kyaap
Al] Qpf fL$ps _dpT, b b fL$ps
L$fu_ `Y$, S>_pb kev$p k.A._u
sbul `Y$u_ Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD .gGL C1,,3TM A[ ;FC1T[S ,[

.1,3DL A[ JC14NFGLiIT[S J
;1DNFGLiIT[S J VgGC} ,F SF1N[Z
V1,F S1hF92V[ CF1HTL U1I3ZMS J S1N3
V1l,D3TM IF ZaA[ VgGC} S]<,DF
180
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
XFCN3TM G[V14DTS V1,iIX3 TN3NT3

OFS1TL .,I3S J S1N3 T1ZS1GL IF ZaA[
lDD3 D]lCdD[ VD3ZL DF S1N3 V1ZO3TC} ,[
VgGS VF1,[D],3 U1I3ZM DMV1<,lD\J3 J
V;3V,MS lA,3 .;3lD<,hL8 Jh1V3TC
V1,:;DFJFT[ Og3 XS1S1T3 J V1,,3
VZhL2G Og3 A;T1T3 J V1,gGMH]D[ Og3
TXZT3 J V1,,3 H[AF,[ O:TS1Z3T J
V;3V,MS lA, .;3lD<,hL HV1,3TC}
.1G3N DMC1dDlN\J3 J .1G3N V1,LI3lI\J3 J
.1G3N,3 C1;G[ J .1G3N,3 C]1;I3G[ J .1G3N,3
V.dDT[ S] < ,[ l CD3 ;1 , JFT] < ,FC[
V1,I3lCD3 VH3D.1G VG3 TM;1<,[I
181
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlN\J3 J

VG3 TS14h[2I ,L IF ZaA[ CF1HTL J
TMI:;[Z ,L V1;LZCF J TS3O[IGF
DMlCdDCF J TO3TC1,L S1]O3,CF O .,3 ,D3
TO3V1,3 O ,S,3 C1D3NM U1I3Z HF9V[ZLG OL
C1]S3D[S J,F CF1V[OLG3 OL V1N3,[SP
Ae Agpl ly spfp ApNZpdp spfu
spluv$ A_ spfu b_epTu_p Bd kp\
Dsfu fp Ry> A_ ly A `Z Mpsfu`|hL$
Ry> L$ dpfu lpS>sp_ spfu rkhpe L$pB
`|fu L$fu iL$sp _\u A_ ly A `Z Ry>
L$ Ae dpfp `pg_lpf, d spfu S>V$gu
_Adsp_ B AV$gu S> s_ dmhhp dpV$
182
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
dpfu S>fs hû NB.

Ae `pg_lpf, OZp Ahp `Z rhL$V$
kNp Dcp \ep S>_ sy S> Z R>, L$pfZ L$
sy Ahp ZL$pf R> L$ S>_ L$pB hps
bsphhp_u S>fs _\u A_ ly spfp A
_pd_p hpsp\u khpg L$ Ry> S>_p L$pfZ
Apkdp_p agpB Nep A_ ^fsu `\fpB
NB, A_ spfpAp rhMfpB Nep, A_
`lpX$p MpX$pB Nep, A_ spfp A _pd_p
hpsp_u khpg L$ Ry>, S>_ s dpldv$
k.A.h. `pk A_ Agu A.k. `pk,
Bdpd lk_ A.k. `pk Bdpd lyk_ A.k.
`pk A_ bu b^p Bdpdp A.k. `pk
dyL$ff$ L$ep R>. sd_p `f spfp vy$v$ \pe. sy
183
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
vy$v$ _pqTg L$f dpldv$ k.A.h. `f, A_

s_u Apg A.k. `f A_ dpfu vy$Ap L$b|g
L$f. Ae dpfp `pg_lpf, sy dpfu dyqL$gp_
Apkp_ L$fu v$, A_ dpfu L$W$ZpBAp_ v|$f
L$f, A_ dpfp Nrs_p v$fhp Mpgu v$.
ANf sy Apd L$f sp spfp Apcpf A_ _
L$f sp `Z spfp iy$ L$pfZ L$ spfp lyL$ddp
L$v$u Tygd _\u lpsp A_ sy Bkpa\u
lV$hphpmp _\u.
`R>u S>dZp Npg_ rkS>v$Npl `f
fpMu_ `Y$.
V<,FC]dD .gG I]GM;A3G DtTF

V1A3NS J GALiIS NVF1S OL AT14lG,3
C1]T[ O;3 THA3T ,C} J VGF VN32S O;3
184
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
TA3,L A[ C1S14S[2 DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[

DMC1dDN
Ae Agpl ! ey_yk B_ dsp spfp bv$p
A_ spfp _bu lsp, sdZ dpR>gu_p `V$dp
spfu `pk vy$Ap L$fu sp s sd_u vy$Ap L$b|g
L$fu guû A_ ly `Z vy$Ap L$ Ry> dpldv$
k.A.h. A_ Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k._p
hpsp\u s_ L$b|g L$fu g.
`R>u vy$Ap dpN A_ S>dZp Npg
S>du_ `f fpMu L$l :
V<,FC]D .gGS VDZ3T lAN3 N]VF1V[ J

TSO3O,3T lA,3 .HFAT[ J VGF
VN32S ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[
185
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
DMC1dDlN\J3 J;3 TA3,L SDF JV1N3TGL

IF SZLDP
Ae Agpl, s vy$Ap dpNhp_p lyL$d L$ep
A_ s_p `|fp L$fhp_u Mpsfu Apù R>
AV$g ly vy$Ap dpNy Ry> S>hp s lyL$d L$ep R>.
sp lTfs dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg
dpldv$ k.A.h. `f vy$v$ _pqTg L$f, A_
spfp hpev$p dyS>b dpfu vy$ApAp L$b|g L$fu
g, Ae dlp L$`pmy.
`R>u vy$Ap dpN A_ L$`pm S>du_
`f fpMu L$l :
IF DM.1h3h S]<,[ h7,Ll,G3 J IF

D]lh7<, S]<,[ V1hLlhG3 TV14,DM
186
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ L|$ap
S]Z3ATL O ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[

DMC1dDlN\J3 J;3 TA3,L SDF JV1N3TGL
IF SZLDP
Ae v$fL$ lX$^|s_ dp_hs b_ph_pf,
A_ v$fL$ dp_hs_ Tgug L$f_pf, sy dpfu
bQ_u_y L$pfZ Z R> sp dpldv$ k.A.
`f A_ Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vy$v$
_pqTg L$f A_ d_ Apfpd A`Z L$f Ae
dlp L$`pmy.
187
A_y$drZL$p
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
dy_ps Adu$g
dpAd_u_
DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3T,3 DJ3,F J
VG,3 V1A3NM J C,3 IZ3C1D],3 V1A3N
.<,,3 DJ3,F DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3T,3
V1hLhMP J VGh74 h7,L,M J C,3
CZ3C1D]h74 h7,L, .<,,3 V1hLhMP
DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3T,3 BF1,[2SM2 J
VG,3 DB14,}SM2 J C,3 IZ3C1D],3 DB14,}S1
.<,,3 BF1,[S1P DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3T,3
D]V14TL J VG;3 ;F9V[,M J C,3 IZ3C1D];3
;F9V[, .<,,3 D]V14TL2P DJ3,FI DJ3,FI
188
A_y$drZL$p
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
VG3T,3 D]U2L;M8 J VG,33 D];3TU2L;M8 J

C,3 IZ3C1D],3 D];3TU2L;7 .<,,3 D]U2L;7P
DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3T,3 AFS2L J
VG,3 OFGL J C,3 IZ3C1D],3 OFGL .<,,3
AFS2LP DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3TN3 NF9V[DM
J VGh3 hF9V[,M J C,3 IZ3CD1]h3
hF9V[, .<,N3 NF9V[DP DJ3,FI DJ3,FI
VG3T,3 C1iIM J VG,3 DiITM J C,3
IZ3C1D],3 DiIT .<,,3 C1iIP DJ3,FI
DJ3IF, VG3T,3 S1lJiIM J VGh14
h1.2OM J C,3 IZ3C1D]h14 h1.2O .<,,3
S1lJiIP DJ3,FI DJ3,FI VG3T,3
SALZM J VG;14 ;1UL2ZM J C,3 IZ3C1D];14
189
A_y$drZL$p
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
;1UL2Z .<,3 SALZMP DJ3,FI DJ3,FI

VG3T,3 DF,[SM J VG,3 DD3,}SM J C,3
IZ3C1D],3 DD3,}S .<,,3 DFl,SMP
Ae dpfp dprgL$ ! Ae dpfp dprgL$ !
sy `pg_lpf R> A_ ly AL$ bv$p Ry>; A_
bv$p D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe
`pg_lpf;
sy i[sipmu R> A_ ly syR> Ry>; A_
syR> D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe
i[sipmu;
190
A_y$drZL$p
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
sy kS>_lpf R> A_ ly krS>s Ry>; A_

krS>s D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe
kS>_lpf;
sy Asp L$f_pf R>; A_ ly dpN_pf Ry; A_
dpN_pf D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe
Asp L$f_pf.
sy dv$v$Npf R> A_ ly S>$fsdv$ R>y; A_
S>$fsdv$ D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe
Asp L$f_pf;
sy A_s R> A_ ly _pihs Ry>; (ap_u Ry>)
A_ _pihs D`f L$pZ fld afdphi
191
A_y$drZL$p
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
rkhpe A_s;
sy ldip R> A_ ly a_p \_pf Ry>; A_ a_p
\_pf D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe A
S> ldip R>;
sy hs R> A_ ly ds Ry>; A_ ds D`f
L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe hs ;
sy spL$shf R> A_ ly r_bm Ry> ; A_
r_bm D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe
spL$shf;
sy shNf R> A_ ly L$Npm Ry>; A_ L$Npm
192
A_y$drZL$p
dy_ps Adu$g dpAd_u_
D`f L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe shNf;

sy dlp_ R> A_ ly syR> Ry> ; A_ syR> D`f
L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe dlp_ ;
sy dprgL$ R> A_ ly khL$ Ry>; A_ khL$ D`f
L$pZ fld afdphi rkhpe dprgL$;
193
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs dyqgd rb_ AL$ug A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs dy[gd rb_ AL$ug

A.k._u qTepfs
fpTp dybpfL$_p v$fhpTp D`f Dcp
flu_ `Y$ :
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 D,[lS,3

C1S14lS2,3 DMALlG,3 DMT;F1U[2Z[ ,[
V1 h 5 D T[ C L HAFA[ Z T] T 1 4 TF1 U L2 G ,3
D]V14TZO[ A[ ZMA}ALiIT[CL HDLVF[2
VC3l,;3 ;DFJFT[ J,3 VZ3hL2G,3
DMlS2Z3Z[ A[ TJ3CL2N[CL ;F9V[~,3 B1,3S2[
VH3D.2G J ;1<,<,FCM V1,F ;iI[lN,3
VGFD[ J VC3,[ AI3T[lC,3 S[ZFD[
;1,FTG3 TS1Z3ZMA[CF VV14IMGMC]D3 J
194
A_y$drZL$p
IZ3U1DM A[CF VG3OM XFG[V[lCD3 D[G,3

lHgG[ J,3 .G3;[ VH3D.1G
;,FD]<,FlC,3 V1,LI3lI,3 V1hL6D[ J
;,FDM D,F9V[SlT,3 DMS1Z3ZALG J
VD3 A [ I F9 V [ l C,3 D] Z 3 ; ,LG J
V.dDT[lC,3 D]G3THALG J V[2AFN[lC;14
;F1,[CL2G J HDL.1X3 XMCNF9V[ J;14
l;2N3NLSL2G Jh3 hFS[IFT]T14 T1iI[AFTM
OL DF TU14TNL J T~NCF[2 V1,I3S IF
D];3l,A3G[ VS2Ll,A3G[ VAL TF1,[lAG3
J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP VX3CNM
VgGS VS14D3T;14 ;1,FT J VFTI3Th3
hSFT J VDZ3T lA,3 DV14~O[ J GCI3T
195
A_y$drZL$p
V1lG,3 D]G3SZ[ J HFCN3T lO<,FC[ C1S14S1

H[CFN[CL SM2lT,3T V1,F lDG3CFlH,3
DMHFC[ N LG OL ;AL,[ C L C1 t TF
,SL2T<,FC V1h3h J H<, J CMJ V1G3S
ZFlh2G3 J VX3CNM VgGS JOI3T A[
V1C3lN<,FC[ J Ah7,3T GO3;S OL
G];14ZT[ C1]H3HlT<,FC[ JA3G[ C1]H3HT[CL
C1tTF VTFS,3 ISL2GM VX3CNM ,S lAT3
T;3,LD[ J,3 JOF9V[ JG3 G;L2C1T[ ,[
B1,lOG3 GALI3lI,3 D]Z3;,[ J;3
l;A3lT2,3 D]G3THA[ JN3 N,Ll,,3 VF1,[D[
J,3 J;L2I3lI,3 DMA<,[U2[ J,3 Dh54,}lD,3
D]C3Th1D[ O HhFS<,FCM V1G3 Z;},[CL J
196
A_y$drZL$p
V1G3 VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J V1lG,3

C1;G[ J,3 C]1;I3G[ VO3h1,,3 HhF9V[ A[
DF ;1AZ3T JC14T;A3T J VV1G3T O
G[V14D p2S14AN3 NFZ[ ,V1G<,FCM DG3
S1T,S J ,V1G<,FCM DD3 h5,DS J
,V1G<,FCM DlGO3TZF V1,I3S J
,V1 G <,FCM DG3 HC[ , C1 S 1 4 S 1 S
J;3TB1O3O A[ C1]Z3DT[S J ,V1G<,FCM
DG3 AFIV1S J U1xXS J B1h7,S J
V;3,DS J DG3 V,aA V1,I3S J ,D3
IM.1G3S V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8
HV1,G3 GFZ D;74JFC]D3 J A[V3;,3
lJZ3N],3 DJ3~NM VX3CNM VgGS SM2lT,3T
197
A_y$drZL$p
Dh54,}DG3 J VgG<,FC D]G3H[h]G3 ,S]D3

DF JV1NS]D3 H[V3TMS hF9V[ZG3 VF1Z[OG3
A[ C1S14S2[S]D3 DM;<,[DG3 ,S]D3 TFA[V1G3
,[ ;] g GT[ S ] D 3 J G] ; 1 4 Z TL ,S] D 3
DMV1N3NT]G3 C1tTF IC14SMD<,FCM J CMJ
B1I3~,3 CF1S[DLG O DV1S]D3 DV1S]D3 ,F
DV1 V1N]jJ[S]D3 ;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3S]D3
J V1,F VZ3JFC[2S]D3 J VH3;FN[S]D3 J
XFC[N[S]D3 J UF92V[A[S]D3 J;3 ;,FDM
V1,I3S]D3 J ZC14DT]<,FC J AZSFTMCP
S1T<,<,FCM pdDTG3 S1T,T3S]D3 lA,3
VI3NL J,3 V,3;MGP
sdpd spfua Agpl_ dpV$ R>, S>
198
A_y$drZL$p
bflL$ A_ Tprlf dprgL$ R>, S>_u

dlp_sp ApNm kfL$i A_ Tprgd lL$uf
b_u Nep A_ sdpd Apkdp_p A_
S>du_p_p flhpkuApA s_p `pg_lpf
lphp_p huL$pf L$ep A_ sdpd dg|L$ s_u
hlv$pr_es_p BL$fpf L$ep.
Ae Agpl kghps dpL$g ML$_p
kfv$pf A_ sd_u dp_hs Apgpv$ `f,
Ahu kghps S> sd_u ApMp_ W$X$L$ Ap`
A_ sd_p vy$d_p_y _pL$ OkX$ph `R>u s
rS>_pspdp\u lpe L$ Bkp_pdp\u. kgpd
\pe dlp_ Agpl_p A_ sd_p r_L$V$
fl_pfp aqfspAp_p A_ dyfkgu_
_buAp_p, A_ hfpAgp Bdpdp_p A_
199
A_y$drZL$p
_L$ bv$pAp_p A_ sdpd iluv$p_p A_

qkv$uL$p_p S>_pb dyqgd rb_ AL$ug
A.k. `f khpf kpS> `pL$ A_ `pL$uTp
splapAp A_ Agpl_u fldsp A_
bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ biL$ sdpA
_dpT L$ped L$fu, TL$ps Av$p L$fu,
cgpB_p L$pdp_u cgpdZ L$fu A_
b|fpB_p L$pdp\u gpL$p_ fpL$ep A_
Agpl_u fpldp S>hp S>lpv$ L$fhp BA
Ahp S>lpv$ L$ep A_ dyrlv$p_u Av$p\u
Ap` ilpv$s `pep ep kyû L$ `qfZpd
sd Agpl_p BTTshp_ A_ L$ursdp_
v$fbpfdp dyL$fb bep A_ s Ap`\u
200
A_y$drZL$p
fp \ep. ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap`

Agpl kp\ L$fg hpev$p_y `pg_ L$ey A_
s_u _ykfsdp Ap` `psp_u __y _S>fp
ì L$ey A_ Agpl_u ly$s A_ s_p
afTv$_u _ykfsdp _ Apù v$uû ep
kyû L$ Ap` dps_ cV$ep.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd sgud
\_pfp, hapv$pf A_ _kuls L$f_pf lsp.
_buA dy f kg_p afT v $_u, s d _p
_hpkp_p, vy$r_ep_p fl_ydp, hkuA fk|g,
v$u__u sguN L$f_pfp_p A_ S>_p l$p
R>u_hu ghpdp Apep Ahp dTg|d_p
AgQu lsp. Adug dpAd_u_ A.k.
sfa\u A_ Bdpd lk_ A_ Bdpd lyk_
201
A_y$drZL$p
A.k. sfa\u Agpl $ bv$gp Ap` A

dpV$ L$ Ap` ûfS> ^fu A_ Agpl\u
bv$gp_u Apip fpMu A_ Ap` A gpL$p_u
dv$v$ L$fu, sp L$epdsdp s_p L$hp kpfp
bv$gp R>.
Agpl gp_s L$f A ik `f S>Z
Ap`_ L$sg L$ep A_ Agpl gp_s L$f A
ik `f S>Z Ap`_ L$sg L$fhp_p lyL$d
Apep A_ Agpl gp_s L$f A ik `f
S>Z Ap` `f Tyd L$ep A_ Agpl
gp_s L$f A ik `f S>Z Ap` `f
splds gNphu. Agpl gp_s L$f A
ik `f S>Z Ap`_p lL$_p A_pv$f L$ep
A_ Ap`_u BTTs OV$pX$u. Agpl gp_s
202
A_y$drZL$p
L$f A ik `f S>Z Ap`_u bAs L$fu

`Z kp\ _ Apep. bû spfuap Agpl
dpV$ R> S>Z Aphp gpL$p dpV$ S>ld_y
rbsf b_pey A_ A L$V$gy Mfpb \m
R>. ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` `f Tyd L$fu
Ap`_ L$sg L$fhpdp Apep A_ Agpl
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L$fhp_p Bfpv$p\u Apep Ry>. ly Ap`_p lL$_
ApmMy Ry> A_ s_p huL$pf L$ Ry> A_ ly
Ap`_p _L$i L$v$d `f Qpgy Ry> A_ Ap`_u
dv$v$ dpV$ sepf Ry>. ep kyû L$ Agpl
lyL$d Ap` A_ s $ lyL$d Ap`hphpmp
R>. bk ly Ap`_u kp\ S> Ry> Ap`_p
203
A_y$drZL$p
vy$d_p kp\ lfrNS> _\u. Ap` `f

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Ap`_p rS>d `f. Ap`_p Tprlf `f A_
Ap`_p bprs_ `f. kgpd \pe Ap` `f
A_ Agpl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp \pe.
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A_ cp\u Ap`_ L$sg L$ep.
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204
A_y$drZL$p
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205
A_y$drZL$p
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206
A_y$drZL$p
O HDV1<,FCM AI3GGF J AI3GS J

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fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe Ap` `f
A_ s bnu Ap` Ap`_u l_ A_
207
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_p rS>d_.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` A L$pd
Ad Apey S> L$pd bv$f hpmpApA L$ey
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ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` _kuls
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208
A_y$drZL$p
sApgpA Ap`_p iydpf iluv$pdp L$fu

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dmhu v$uû A_ Ap`_ S>_spdp AL$
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bpL$u fpep A_ _buAp kp\ Ap`_p
lif L$ep A_ qkv$uL$p, iluv$p A_ _L$ gpL$p
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kp\uAp R>.
ly Nhplu Ap`yRy> L$ _ sp sd Apmk
L$fu L$ _ sd `pR>u `p_u L$fu A_ Ap` Bd
eL$u__u kp\ Adg_ Ad Apep. _L$
gpL$p_u `fhu L$fu. _buAp_p _L$i L$v$d
209
A_y$drZL$p
`f Qpep Asdp Agpl Ap`_ A_

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AL$ kp\ cNp L$f rh_d gpL$p_p \p_dp.
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fld L$fhphpmp R>.
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dygud A.k._ lqv$ep L$f A_ Ap
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210
A_y$drZL$p
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rh_p fpMS> _l], A_ dpfu budpfu_ iap
211
A_y$drZL$p
hNf_u _ flhp v$S> A_ dpfp L$pB Ab

lf _ \hp v$ A_ dpfu fp_ rhipm L$fu
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kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf.
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dpN.
212
A_y$drZL$p
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213
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214
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Ae lp_u B_ Dfhl fTu. kgpd lp

sdpfp `f Ae Agpl_p _L$ bv$p A_
s_p fk|g k.A.h. A_ Adug
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ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd_ Tyd L$fu
iluv$ L$fhpdp Apep. bk Agpl gp_s
L$f s dfv|$v$ `f S>Z sd_ iluv$ L$ep A_
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s _uQ gpL$p_u L$bp_ Agpl ApN\u cfu
v$ A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd Agpl_p
v$fbpfdp Ahu q\rsdp `lpep L$ s
sdpfp\u fp R>. sd S> L$B Ad Apey
A_ S> _kuls L$fu A dpV$.
215
A_y$drZL$p
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd iluv$p_p

dfsbp `f `lpep A_ sdpfu l_ _L$
gpL$p_u lpdp iydpf L$fu A L$pfZ L$ sd
s_p fk|g k.A.h. kp\ r_hp\`Z
hsep A_ sd Agpl dpV$ sdpfu __
Ly$fbp_ L$fu v$uû A_ s_u df dmhu sp
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fp \B e A_ sdpfp lif (NZu)
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kp\ fpM A_ sdpfp `f kgpd \pe A_
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`R>u b fL$ps _dpT S>_pb lp_u_
lqv$ep L$f A_ vy$Ap dpN.
216
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dyMspfA kL$au (A.f.) Ly$ap
qTepfs dyMspfA kL$au

(A.f.) Ly$ap
lAl:D<,FlCZ3 ZC14DF lGZ3 ZCL2D
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S ViIMC,3
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217
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hprgv$ dyspf, kgpd \pe sdpfp `f Ae
L$paufp A_ apfp \u gX$pB dpfas bv$gp
218
A_y$drZL$p
g_pf, kgpd \pe sdpfp `f Ae

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fp \sp A_ A fp \pe S> S>sS>ld_u hlQZu L$f_pf, Nd A_
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S>ApA `psp_u _ `pL$ Bsfs_u dv$v$dp
A_ ABdpl_u fTp lprkg L$fhpdp MQ
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bv$gp gu^p Apl sd_ _bu (k.A.h.)
A_ sd_p Algbs (A.k.) sfa\u
blsfu_ bv$gp Ap`.
219
A_y$drZL$p
Dl:HN[ ;C,FGM GSXM

F
D
C
B
A
220
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp_u rhNs

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
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221
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
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`f S> L$B dpNhpdp Aph s Agpl
222
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dqS>v$ klgp
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223
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
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224
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dqS>v$ klgp
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225
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dqS>v$ klgp
s L$f R> A_ b^p kpfp kpfp _pd s_p S>

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NZ_p dqS>v$p A_ spfp Ofp_ Apbpv$
L$f_pfpApdp L$f. Ae Agpl ly MfMf
spfu sfa ep_ ^ Ry> A_ dpldv$
k.A.h. A_ sd_u Apg dpfas A_ ly
sd_p hpsp\u khpg L$ Ry> L$ sy dpfu
lpS>sp_ `|fu L$f A_ Ae Agpl dpfp
iydpf sAp_u kp\ L$f A_ vy$r_ep A_
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A_ d_ spfp Mpk bv$pApdp v$pMg L$f.
Ae Agpl dpfu _dpT_ sAp_p kv$L$
L$b|g L$f A_ dpfp Ny_plp_ dpa L$fu v$ A_
sd_p kv$L$ dpfu fp rhipm L$f A_ dpfu
226
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
vy$ApAp_ sAp_p syag\u L$b|g L$fu g A_

sd_p kv$L$ dpfu lpS>sp `|fu L$f.
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kv$L$pdp dpfp `f v$epr$ L$f, S>_ L$pfZ ly
spfu `pk dp_hs b_y. `R>u spfu
L$`pr$_ dpfp\u `pR>u afhS> _l] L$epf
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L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pfp.
Ae qv$gp A_ _S>fp_ `gVph_pfp. dpfp
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_bu_p v$u_ `f A_ s_p hgu_p v$u_ `f. s
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qv$g_ `pRy> hmhp _ v$S> A_ d_ spfp
sfa\u flds Asp L$f. sy sp ldip Dv$pf
227
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
qv$g Ap`hphpmp R> Ae Agpl ly spfp

sfa ep_ ^ Ry> A_ spfp fp`p Qply Ry>.
spfp khpb_u Apip fpMy Ry>. ly spfp `f
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Ry>. Ae Agpl sy dpfp sfa ep_ Ap`
A_ dpfp gn_ spfu sfa afhu v$.
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k|fA Ly$g ADTp b fqbg agL$ A_
k|fA Ly$g ADTp b fqb_pk `Y$
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228
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
spfua s_p dpV$ S> R>, s_p rkhpe L$pB

Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u, A_ Agpl
dlp_ R>.
`R>u `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD ,S,3 C1D3NM V1,F DF

CNI3 T GL ,S,3 C1 D 3 N M V1 , F DF
Oh14h1,3TGL J ,S,3 C1D3NM V1,F DF
XZ3ZO3TGL J ,S,3 C1D3NM V1,F S]<,[
A,F9.G3 C1;lGA3 T,I3TGLP V<,FC]dD
TS1aA,3 ;1,FTL J N]VF92. J T1C3lCZ3
S1,3AL JX3ZC14 ,L ;1N3ZL J T]A3 V1,iI
.gGS VG3TT3 TjJFA]Z3 ZCL2DP
229
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
Ae Agpl sdpd spfua spfp dpV$ S>

R> L$ s dpfu rlv$pes L$fu A_ sdpd spfua
spfp dpV$ S> R> L$ s dpfp `f Alkp_ L$ep
A_ sdpd spfua spfp dpV$ S> R> L$ s d_
D_rs Apù A_ spfp iy$ A hps `f R> L$
s dp kfk Bslp_ gu^y. Ae Agpl
dpfu _dpT L$b|g L$f. dpfu vy$Ap L$b|g L$fu
g. dpfp qv$g_ r_dm b_phu v$ A_ dpfu
R>psu_ rhipm L$f A_ dpfu spbp L$b|g
L$f. biL$ sy S> hpfhpf spbp L$b|g L$f_pfp
A_ fld L$f_pfp R>.
230
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
dL$pd B. S>Aaf kpqv$L$

A.k.
`R>u dqS>v$dp v$pMg \pe A_
kl__u hQdp b fL$ps _dpT Av$p L$f.
lTfs Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k.\u
qfhpes R>L$ S> L$pB dNmhpf_p dNqfb
A_ Bip_u hQ b fL$ps _dpT dqS>v$
klgpdp `Y$ sp lL$ sApgp s_p Nd_ S>f
v|$f L$fi A_ Apas_ V$pmu v$i A_ s_u
lpS>sp `|fu L$fi _dpT `Y$ep `R>u S>_pb
kev$p_u sbul `Y$ `R>u `psp_p b_
lp\p_ Apkdp_ kpd KQp L$fu L$l :
VG3T<,FCM ,F .,FC .<,F VG3T

D] A 3 N [ p , B1 , 3 S [ 2 J DF.1 N MC] D 3 J
231
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
VG3T<,FCM ,F .,FC .<,F VG3T

BF1,[S1],3 B1,3S[2 J ZFh[SM2C]D3 J
VG3T<,FCM ,F .,FC .<,F VG3T,3
SF1A[h1],3 AF;[TM2 J VG3T<,FCM ,F
.,FC .<,F VG3T DMNaA[~,3 VMD}Z[ J
AFV[2;M8 DG3 OL,3 SM2A}Z[ VG3T JFZ[;7],3
VZ3h[2 J DG3 V1,I3CFP V;3V,MS
lA;3 D [ S ,3 DB1 4 h } l G,3 DS3 G } l G,3
C1I3lI,3 S1iI}D[ J VG3T<,FCM ,F .,FC
.<,F VG3T V1F,[D];3 l;Z3Z[ J VB14OFP
V;3V,MS lA;3D[S,3 ,hL8 V[hF7 N].1T
A[CL VHA3T J V[hF7 ;M.2,3T A[CL
VV14T1I3T J V;3V,MS A[ C1S14S2[S V1,F
232
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VC3,[ AI3T[CL J A[

C1S14S1C[D],3 ,hL8 VJ3HA3TC} V1,F
GO3;[S VG3 TM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3
J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J VG3 TS14h[2I ,L
CF1HTL;3 ;FV1T;3 ;FV1T IF ;FD[V1N3
N]VF92VP IF ;iI[NFCM IF DJ3,FCM IF
U[2IF;F7CMP V;3V,MS A[ S]l<, .;3lDG3
;dDI3T A[CL GO3;S VlJ;3 TFV3;7Z3T
A[CL OL .1,3lD,3 U1I3A[ .1G3NS VG3
TM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VG3 TMV1H3H[, OZHG;3
;FV1T IF DMS1<,A,3 SM2,}A[ J,3
VA3;F1Z[ IF ;DLV1N3 N]VF92VP
233
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
Ae Agpl, sy S> Agpl R>. spfp

rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u. sy S>
gpL$p_ `v$p L$f_pf R> A_ dpfhp `R>u
`pR>p kh_ L$f_pf R> A_ sy S> Agpl
R>, spfp rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u.
s S> gpL$p_ `v$p L$ep A_ sy S> A_ fp
Ap` R>. sy S> Agpl R> A_ spfp rkhpe
L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u sy S> fpL$hphpmp
R> A_ sy S> agphhphpmp R> A_ sy S>
Agpl R> A_ spfp rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_
gpeL$ _\u sy S> L$pekp^L$ R> A_
dyfv$pAp_ afu Dcp L$f_pf R> A_ sy S>
S>du__p ^Zu R> A_ S> L$B `Z sdp R> A
b^p_p.
234
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
ly spfp\u khpg L$ Ry> A _pd_p

hpsp\u S> Ry>`y A_ kOfgy R>, A _pd\u
S> hs A_ k_ps_ R>, A_ sy S>
Agpl R> A_ spfp rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_
gpeL$ _\u sy v$fL$ Ry>ù A_ cv$ cfgu
hpsp_ Z R>. ly dpNy Ry> spfp A _pd_p
hpsp\u L$ S> \L$u vy$Ap dpNhpdp Aphu,
sp L$b|g \B NB A_ S> L$B dpNhpdp
Apey s Ap`hpdp Apey.
A_ ly dpNZu L$ Ry> spfp A lL$_p
hpsp\u S> spfp dpldv$ k.A.h. A_
sd_u Algbs A.k. `f R> A_ A
gpL$p_p lL$_p hpsp S> s spfp `f hprS>b
L$fu gu^p R>. dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg
235
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vy$v$ _pqTg L$f A_

dpfu lpS>sp `|fu L$f Ap OX$uA Ap OX$u A
vy$ApAp_p kpcm_pf, Ae kfv$pf, Ae
dpgp A_ Ae aqfepv$ `lpQ_pfp A_
khpg L$ Ry> spfp A v$fL$ _pd\u S> s spfp
dpV$ `kv$ L$fg R> A_ Bd Nb\u spfp `f
dk|k L$ep. dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg
dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vy$v$ _pqTg L$f A_
Ap OX$uA d_ Apfpd `lpQpX$, Ae qv$gp_
`gV$ph_pf A_ ApMp_ afh_pf Ae
vy$ApAp_ kpcm_pf.
`R>u `psp_u lpS>sp dpN A_
iy$_p rkS>v$p L$f.
236
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
dL$pd lTfs Bbplud A.k.

Al] b fL$ps _dpT `Y$ A_
S>_pb kev$p k.A._u sbul `Y$
`R>u L$l :
V<,FC]dD A[ C1S14S2[ CFh[8lC,3

A]S14V1lTX3 XZLOT[ J A[ C1S14S2[ DG3
TV1aAN ,S OLCF S1N3 V1l,D3T
C1JF9V[HL O ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 JS14h1CM J S1N3
VC14;1IT3 hM8G}AL O ;1<,[ V1,F
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 JU14lOZ3CFP
V<,FC]dD VC14I[GL DF SFGlT,3 C1IFTM
B1I3Z,3 ,L J VlDT3GL V[h7F SFGlT,3
237
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
JOFTM B1I3Z,3 ,L V1,F DMJF,[T[

VJ3,IF9V[S J DMVF1NFT[ VV14NF9V[S
JO3V1,3 AL DF VG3T VC3,MC} IF
VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
ep Apl, Ap dybpfL$ \m_p
hpsp\u A_ Ap \m spfu Bbpv$s
L$f_pfp byTyNp_p hpsp\u sy dpfu
lpS>sp_ Z R> AV$g dpldv$ k.A.h.
A_ Apg dpldv$ A.k. `f v$yv$ _pqTg
L$f A_ dpfu lpS>sp_ `|fu L$f A_ s dpfp
Ny_plp_u NZu L$fu guû R>. AV$g
dpldv$ k.A.h. `f A_ sd_u Apg `f
v$yv$ _pqTg L$f A_ dpfp Ny_plp_ dpa L$f.
238
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
bpf Bgplp! S>ep kyû dpfu qS>v$Nu

_L$ A_ kpfp L$pdpdp MQ \pe ep kyû
d_ hsp fpM A_ d_ Ahp kde dps
v$, S> kde dps dpfp dpV$ blsf lpe. ly
spfp v$psp\u v$psu A_ spfp vy$d_p\u
vy$d_u_ kpfu N Ry> A_ d_ Ahp b_phu
v$ S>hp sy Qpl R>. Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf.
`R>u vy$Ap dpN A_ iy$_p rkS>v$p
bhu gph.
239
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
dL$pd lTfs Bv$fuk A.k.

Al] b fL$ps _dpT `Y$, S>_pb
kev$p A.k._u sbul `Y$ `R>u b
lp\p Apkdp_ sfa EQp L$fu L$l :
V<,FC] d D .gGL ;1 < ,I3 T M

CFh[8lC;14 ;1,FTA3 T[UF92V DZ3hF1T[S J
T1,A GF9V[,[S J ZHF9V lZO3N[S J
HJF9V[h[S O ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J TS1aA,CF lDgGL A[
VC14;G[ S1A}l,J3 J A,3l,lU14GL A[
ZC14DT[S,3 DV3D}, JO3V1,3 AL DF VG3T
VC3,MC} IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
240
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
Ae Apl! d Ap _dpT spfu

Myi_yv$u dmhhp_p lsy\u A_ spfu Asp_u
Dduv$dp A_ spfp BApd A_ bqni_u
Apipdp `Y$u R>. sp sy dpldv$ k.A.h.
A_ Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vy$v$
_pqTg L$f A_ dpfu Ap _dpT A_ vy$Ap_
L$b|g L$fu g. $ huL$pf kp\ A_ d_
spfu flds\u dpfp dL$kv$ kyû `lpQpX$u v$
A_ dpfu kp\ Ahp hsph L$f S>hp s_
ipc, Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u
h^pf fld L$f_pf.
`R>u vy$Ap dpN A_ iy$_p qkS>v$p
bhu gph.
241
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
dL$pd lTfs rMTf A.k.

Al] b fL$ps _dpT bhu gph
A_ S>. kev$p A.k._u sbul `Y$
A_ `R>u b_ lp\p_ Apkdp_ sfa
EQp L$fu L$l
V<,FC]dD .G3 SFGlTh74 hM8G}AM

J,3 B1TF1IF S1N3 VB14,S1T3 JH3CL .1G3NS
O ,D3 TZ3OV14 ,L .,I3S ;1J3TG3 J ,D3
T;3TlHA3 ,L NV14JTG3 O .gGL
V;3V,MS A[S IF V<,FCM O >gGC}
,I;3 lD;74,S VC1N]G3 J VTJ:;,M
.,I3S A[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[CL J
V;3 V ,MS VG3 TM;1 < ,[ I V1 , F
242
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J VG3

T]S14A[, .,iI A[ JH3C[S,3 SZLD[ J
T]S[2A[, A[ JH3CL .,I3S J ,F
TMB1I3lIA3GL CL2G VN3p2S J ,F
TC14lZD3GL CL2G VZ3H}S IF VZ3C1DZ3
ZFC2[DLGP
Ae Apl! dpfp N_yplp A_ cg|pA

dpfp Qlfp_ spfu kpd A^dA
| p L$fu v$u^p
R>. S>_p L$pfZ dpfu AhpS> spfu k^yu _\u
`lpQsu A_ dpfu v$yAp L$bg| _\u \psu
AV$g ly spfp hpsp Apù spfp\u v$yAp L$$
R>y, MfM
f spfp S>hy L$pB _\u A_ ly spfp\u
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u Apg_p
243
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
sayg\u khpg L$$ R>y A_ khpg L$$ R>y L$

dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg dpldv$
A.d.yk. `f v$v$ _pqTg L$f A_ dpfu sfa
_S>f L$fd L$f. A_ dp ep_ spfu sfa
afhu v$ A_ d_ r_fpi _ L$fS> S>epf ly spfu
`pk v$yAp L$$ A_ ly spfu `pk ApTu L$$
sp d_ hrQs _ fpMS> Ae fld$
L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf.
bhu gph.
dL$pd kpglu_ A.k.

Al] b fL$ps _dpT `Y$ A_
244
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
`R>u b_ lp\ Apkdp_ sfa EQp

L$fu L$l :
V<,FC] d D .gGL V;3 V ,MS

lA;3D[S IF V<,FCM VG3 TM;1<,[I
V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J
VG3 TH3V1, B1I3Z p2D3ZL VFB2[ZC} J
B1I3Z VV14DF,L B1JFTLDCF J B1I3Z
ViIFDL IJ3D V,3SF1S OLC[ .gGS
V1,F S]<,[ XI3.G3 S1NLZP V<,FC]dD
TS1aA,3 N]VF92. J;3DV14 GH3JFI IF
V1,LiIM IF V1hL6DM IF SF1N[ZM IF SF1C[ZM
IF C1iIG3 ,F ID}TM ;1<,[ V1,F
245
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 JU14lOZ3

,[Ih74 hM8G}A,3 ,TL AI3GL J AI3GS
J ,F TO3h1C14GL V1,F ZMpl;,3 VX3CFN[
JC14~;3GL A[ V1I3G[S,3 ,TL ,F TGFDM
JZ3C14D3GL A[ S]1N3ZT[S V1,iI IF VZ3C1DZ3
ZFC[2DLG J ;1<,<,FCM V1,F ;iI[N[GF
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[lCT14 TF1C[ZLG IF
ZaA,3 VF1,DLGP
Ae Apl ly spfp _pd_p hpsp\u
spfp\u khpg L$$ Ry> L$ dpldv$ k.A.h.
A_ Apg dpldv$ A.k. `f vy$v$ _pqTg
L$f A_ dpfu he_p R>p cpN_ _L$ b_phu
v$ A_ dpfp ApMfu Apdpgp_ _L$ Apdpg
246
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
b_phu v$ A_ dpfp de_p qv$hkp_ kpfp

qv$hkp b_phu v$. MfMf sy v$fL$ QuT `f
i[s ^fph R>. Ae Apl! dpfu vy$Ap
L$b|g L$f A_ dpfu Bs L$b|g L$fu g.
Ae dlp_, Ae ATud, Ae
i[sdp_ Ae Tbfv$s, Ae Ahp hs
S>_ dey _\u. dpldv$ k.A.h. A_
Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f vy$v$ _pqTg L$f
A_ dpfu s\p spfu hQ S> dpfp Ny_pl R>
s_ dpa L$fu v$ d_ Nhplp_u kpd hp _
L$fS> A_ spfu A ApM\u dp ep_
fpMS> S> L$v$u b^ \su _\u. (k|su _\u)
dpfp `f fld L$f spfu A i[s\u S> dpfp
`f cyh ^fph R>. Ae kp fld
247
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf

A_ v$v$ _pqTg L$f dpldv$ k.A.h. `f
A_ sd_u `rh Apgpv$ `f Ae sdpd
Apgdp_p `pg_lpf.
bhu gph.
dL$pd Bdpd T_yg

Apbv$u_ A.k.
Al] b fL$ps _dpT Av$p L$f A_
`R>u b_ lp\ EQp L$fu L$l :
IF DG3 CMJ VS14ZAM .,iI lDG3

C1A3l,,3 JZLN[ IF OV14VF1,G3 ,[ DF
248
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
IMZLNM IF D\I3 IC1},M AI3G,3 DZ3V[ J

S1,3A[CL ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J
VF,[CL J C]1<, AI3GGF J AI3G DG3
I]V3hL8GF A[ C1J3,[S J S1]jJT[S IF SFOL
lDG3 S]<,[ XI3.\J3 J ,F IS3OL lDG3C}
XI3pG3 .S3O[G,3 DMlCdD lDG3 VD3lZN3
N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZT[ IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
Ae dpfu Opfu _k\u `Z h^pf r_L$V$
fl_pfp A S> Qpl s L$fu R|>V$_pfp, Ae
Bkp_p_p qv$g A_ s_p Bfpv$p_u hQ
Aph_pfp, dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u
Apg `f v$v$ _pqTg L$f A_ dpfu s\p d_
vy$:M v$_pfp_u hQ L$phV$ \B . spfu
249
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
Ly$hs A_ spL$s kp\. Ae bû QuTpdp

qL$apes L$f_pf A_ S>_p\u L$pB QuT
b`fhp _\u \B iL$su. dpfu vy$r_ep A_
ApMfs_p L$pdpdp Apkp_u `v$p L$f. Ae
fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld
L$f_pf.
dL$pd Bdpd
kplbyTTdp_ A.k.
Al] lpS>f \B Ap dyS>b aqfepv$ L$f:
;,FD]<,FlC,3 SFD[,]T3 TF9dD]X3

XFD[,],3 VF92dDM J ;1,JFTM C]N3 NF9V[DTM
J AZSFTM C],3 SF92V[DT]T3 TF9dDTM V1,F
C]H3HlT<,FC[ J J,LiI[CL OL VZ3h[2CL J
250
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
A[,FN[CL J B1,LOT[CL V1,F B1,3S2[CL J

V[2AFN[CL J ;M,F,lTG3 GMA]jJT[ J
ASL2 i IlT,3 .2 T 3 Z T[ J;1 4 ;1 O 3 J T[
;F1C2[lAh3 hDFG[ J D]h54C[lZ,3 .DFG[ J
DM,S14S2[G[ VC14SFlD,3 S]1Z3VFG[ J
DMT1C1C[lZ,3 VZ3h[2 J GFX[lZ,3 V1N3,[
lOt1T1},[ J,3 V1Z3h2[ J,3 C]1H3HlT,3
SF9 2 V [ l D,3 DC3 N LI3 l I,3 .DFlD,3
D]G3Th5lZ,3 DZ3hL2iI[ JA3lG,3
V.dDlT2T3 T1FC[ZLG,3 J;L2iILA3lG,3
VJ3 ;[2IF9.,3 DZ3hL2iILG,3 CFNL,3
DV14;1}lDA3lG,3 V.dDlT,3 CMNFlT,3
DV14;}1DLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
251
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
DM.1h3h,3 D]V3D[GLG,3 D];3Th14V1OLGP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DMlh7<,,3
SFO[ZLG,3 DMTSaA[ZLGh54 hF5,[DLGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FI IF
;F1C2[Ah3 hDFG[P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IA3G Z;}l,<,FC[P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IA3G VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G OFT2[DT]h3 hC3ZF9V[
;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 V1F,DLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G,3 V.dDlT,3 CM2HlH,3
DV14;1}DLG J,3 .DFD[ V1,,3 B1,3S2[
VH3D.2GP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
DJ3,FI ;,FD D]B14,[l;1G3 ,S lO,3
252
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
lJ,FIT[P VX3CNM VgGS,3 .DFD],3

DC3NLiIM S1J3,G3 J O[V14,G3 J VG3T,3
,hL8 TD3,p,3 VZ3h1 lS1;T1G3 J V1N3,G3
AV14N DF DM,[VT3 h5],3DG3 J HJ3ZG3 O
V1H3H,<,FCM OZHS J ;C3C, DB14ZHS
J S1Z3ZA hDFGS J S:7;7Z VG3;F1ZS J
VV14JFGS J VG3Hh ,S DF JV1NS O
CMJ V;14NS1],3 SF91V[,LG J GMZLNM VG3
GD]gG V1,,3 ,hL8G;3 T]h14V2[O} lO,3
VZ3h[2 J GH3V1,C]D3 V.dDTG3 J
GH3V1,CMD],3 JFZ[;L8G IF DJ3,FI IF
;F1C2[Ah3 hDFG[ IA3G Z;}l,<,FC[
CFh7CL CF1HTLP
253
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
`R>u `psp_u lpS>sp dpN A_ L$l.
OX3OV14 ,L OL GHFC[2CF O S1N3

TJH3HC3TM .,I3S A[ CF1HTL ,[ .1,3DL
VgG ,S .1G3N<,FC[ XOFV1TG3
DS1A},TG3 J DSF1DG3 DC14D}NG3 O A[
C1S14S2[ DlGB14 T:1;1S]D3 A[ VD3Z[CL JZ3
ThF1S]D3 ,[ l;Z3Z[CL J lAX3 XV3lG,3
,h8L ,S]D .1G3N<,FC[ AI3GS]D3 J
AI3GC} ;l,<,FC TVF1,F OL G]H3C2[
T1,[ATL J .HFAT[ NV14JTL J SX3O[
S]Z3ATLP
Apl_p L$prdg, iprdg, sdpd A_
Apd kgpd lp. Ap` `f A_ s_u ldip
254
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
flhphpmu vy$v$ A_ k`|Z A_ k_ps_

bfL$psp Dsf Apl_u ly$s `f A_
S>du_ `f_p s_p hgu `f A_ sdpd ilfp
`f_p lpqL$d A_ s_u dg|L$ps A_
bv$pAp `f s_p Mguap `f A_ A ly$s
`f S> _byhs_p Mygpkp R> A_ s_u
Apgpv$dp bpL$u fl_pf `f. A_ S>
dysMb A_ Tdp_p_p ^Zu R>. Bdp__p
lf L$f_pfp R>. Ly$fAp__p lyL$dp_u
sgL$u_ (cgpdZ) R>, A_ S>du__ `pL$
L$f_pf R> A_ S>du__p `V$ `f Bkpa_
L$ped L$f_pfp R>, S> ly$s R>, L$ped R>,
dlv$u R> A_ Bdpd R> S>_u hpV$ hpB flu
R>. S> Q|V$pegp R>. `pL$ Bdpdp_p bV$p R>,
S> hku R> A_ dysMb hkuAp_p afT$v$
255
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
R>, S> rlv$pes `pdgp A_ dpAk|d R>,

A_ dpAk|d lpv$u Bdpdp_p afT$v R>.
kgpd lp sdpfp `f Ae r_bm
dpAd_u_p_ B$sv$pf b_ph_pf. kgpd
lp sdpfp `f Ae dNf A_ Tprgd
L$prafp_ hp L$f_pf. kgpd lp sdpfp `f
Ae dpfp ApL$p, Ae Tdp_p_p Bdpd, Ae
dpldv$ k.A.h._p afTv$ sdpfp `f
kgpd lp Ae Adug dpAd_u__p
afTv$. sdpfp `f kgpd lp, Ae vy$r_ep
A_ AMfs_u Apfsp_u kfv$pf S>_pb
apsdp Tlfp k.A._p afTv$. sdpfp `f
kgpd lp, Ae dpAk|d ly$sp A_
Bdpdp_p afTv$. sdpfp `f kgpd lp sd
sdpd dg|L$ `f Bdpd R>p. kgpd lp
256
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
sdpfp `f Ae dpfp ApL$p Ap`_p Ap

dyguk QplL$_p. Ap` `f kgpd lp. ly
Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` hpZu A_ hs_\u
rlv$pes L$f_pfp R>p A_ Ap` ^fsu_
Av$gp Bkpa\u cfu v$_pfp R>p. S>epf s
Tyd A_ AepQpfdp S>L$X$pegu li.
Agpl Ap`_p Aphhpdp S>v$u L$f A_
Ap`_ S>v$u lf L$f A_ sdpfu lL|$ds_p
L$pm Adpfp\u _S>v$uL$ L$f. sdpfp
dv$v$Npfpdp h^pfp L$f A_ Ap`_p v$pspdp
h^pfp L$f A_ sdpfu kp\ L$fgp hpev$p_
Apl `|fp L$f L$pfZ L$ s hpev$pdp kp\u
kpQp R>. (A_ A afdph R>) Adpfp Bfpv$p
R> L$ S>du_ `f, r_fp^pf L$fu v$hpAgp D`f
Ad Alkp_ L$fuA A_ sd_ S> Ad
257
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
khp`fu b_phuA A_ sd_ S> S>du__p

dprgL$ b_phu v$BA Ae dpfp dpgp, Ae
kde_p dprgL$, Ae Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p afTv$ Ap dpfu lpS>sp R>.
`R>u `psp_u lpS>sp dpN A_ L$l :
Ap dpfu lpS>sp `f|u \hpdp dpfu
iapAs L$fp. d sdpfu `pk dpfu lpS>sp
AV$g ì L$fu R> L$ Apl `pk sdpfu
iapAs L$bg| \pe R> A_ ly R>y A_
s_u `pk sdp EQy \p_ R>. s_p lL$_p
hpsp S>Z
`psp_p lLy$dp dpV$ sd_ Mpk
_uep A_ `psp_p flep dpV$ sdpfu
hfZu L$fu A_ A ip__p hpsp S> sdpfu
`pk R>. Apl\u khpg L$fp L$ s dpfu
258
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
dpNZuAp huL$fu g A_ dpfu v$yAp_ L$bg|

afdph A_ dpfu `fip_uAp_ v$|f L$f.
`R>u v$yAp dpN
A_ Al] b fL$ps
_dpT `Y$ A_ S>_pb kev$p k.A._u
sbul `Y$ `R>u Ap v$yAp `Y$ :
V<,FC]DD V1hM6D,3 A,F9VM J

AZ[C1,3 B1OF9VM JG3 SXO,3 U2[TF92VM JG3
S[2T1V1Z3 ZHF9VM J hF1S1lT,3 VZ3hM2 J
DMG[ V 1 l T;3 ;DF9 V M J VG3 T ,3
D];3TVF1GM J .,I3S,3 D]X3TSF J
V1,I3S,3 DMV1jJ,M lOX3 lXN3NT[ JZ3
ZBF9 2 V [ P V<,FC] d D ;1 < ,[ V1 , F
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 p,L,3
259
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
VD3lZ,3 ,hL8G OZ3h1T V1,I3GF

TF1V3TC]D3 J V1Z3ZO3TGF A hF7,[S
DG3h[,TC]D3 O OZ3lZH3 V1gGF A[
C1S14S[lCD3 OZHG3 VF1H[,G3 S1ZLAG3
S,D3lC,3 A;1Z[ VJ3 CMJ VS14ZAM IF
DMC1dDNM IF V1,LiIM IF V1,LiIM IF
DMC1dDNM .S3O[IFGL O .gGSMDF
SFO[IFG[ JG3;M2ZFGL OL .G3GSMDF
GF;[2ZFG[ IF DJ3,FGF IF ;F1C2[Ah3
hDFG V,3 U1J3;7 V,3 U1J3;7 V,3
U1J3;7P VN3lZS3GL VN3lZS3GL VN3lZS3GL
V:;FV1T V:;FV1T V:;FV1T V,3
V1H, V,3 V1H, V,3 V1H,P IF
260
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC2[DGL A[ C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlNG3 J

VF,[lCT14 TF1C[2ZLGP
Ae `fhfqv$Npf ! bgp dpV$u \B NB.
Ny hpsp lf \B NB. `v$pAp DOX$u Nep
A_ ApipAp s|V$u NB. S>du_ sN \B NB
A_ Apkdp_ (v$ep_) fpL$u guû. lh dp
spfp\u S> riL$pes L$fu iL$pe R> A_ kyM
vy$:Mdp spfp `f S> cfpkp L$fu iL$pe R>.
Ae Apl dpldv$ k.A.h. `f A_
sd_u Apg `f vy$v$ _pqTg afdph. S>d_u
BspAs Adpfp `f s hprS>b L$fu v$uû R>
A_ sd_p dfsbp_y Ad_ cp_ L$fpey R>
sd_p hpsp\u Adpfu dyrL$$gp_ Apkp_
L$f S>v$u L$f, ldZp S>, nZ cfdp bgL$
261
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ klgp
s_p\u `Z _S>v$uL$, Ae dpldv$

k.A.h. Ae Agu A.k. Ae Agu
A.k. Ae dpldv$ k.A.h. Ap` b
lTfps dpfu dv$v$ afdphp L$d sd S> dpfu
dv$v$ L$fu iL$p R>p A_ Ap` b lTfps
dpfu qL$apes L$fp L$pfZ L$ Ap` b S>
dpfp dpV$ L$pau R>p, Ae dpfp dpgp ! Ae
S>dp_p_p ^Zu aqfepv$ R>, aqfepv$ R>,
aqfepv$ R>. dpfu dv$v$ L$fp, dpfu dv$v$ L$fp,
dpfu dv$v$ L$fp, Ap OX$uA, Ap OX$uA Ap
OX$uA, S>v$u, S>v$u S>v$u. Ae b^p fld
L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u Apg_p kv$L$
dpfu vy$Ap L$b|g afdph.
262
A_y$drZL$p
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ A_ kpAkp rb_ kplp__u dqS>v$
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ A_

kpAkp rb_ kplp_ _u
dqS>v$ rhi
Tv$, A_ kpAkp rb_ kplp_ b
cpBAp lTfs Agu A.k._p Mpk
klpbu lsp. A_ lTfs Agu A.k._u
ilpv$s `R>u dpgp_p Nykg L$a_dp `Z
ipdug lsp.
Ap dqS>v$p sAp_p Of lsp. Al]
Bbpv$s L$fhp_p OZp khpb R>. Al]ep
Myv$ lTfs Agu A.k.A `Z _dpT `Y$u
R> A_ gNcN Bdpdp A.k. `Z Al]
Aphu Q|L$ep R>. Al] Bbpv$s L$fhp_p OZp
khpb R>.
263
A_y$drZL$p
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ (fTu.)_u dqS>v$
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ (fTu.)_u

dqS>v$
Tv$ rb_ kplp_ fTu. lTfs Agu
A.k._p Mpk klpbu lsp. Ap dqS>v$
sd_ kbr^s R>.
dqS>v$dp v$pMg \su hMs
v$fhp `f Dcp flu L$l :
lAl:D<,FC[ J lA<,FC[ J B1I3~,3

V:DF9V[ l,<,FC[ T1JS3S<TM V1,<,FC[
,F C1J, J,F S]1jJT .<,F lA<,FC[
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 JO3 TC14,L VaJFA
ZC14DT[S J Vu1,LS14 V1gGL VaJFA
264
A_y$drZL$p
DV14l;1iIT[S JH3V1<GL lDG3 h]jJFZ J

p2dDFZ D;FH[N[S J lDdDG3 IMGFS
lA,3 ,I3,[ JgGCFZ[ J D[G<,h6LG C]D3
OL ;1 , FT[ l CD3 BF1 X [ p 2 G 3 JN3 C1 Z 3
V1gGLIX3 XiTF1GLZ3 ZD J HF[G]N[
.a,L;P
Apl_p _pd\u Apl_u dv$v$\u
Apl sfa, v$fL$ blsfu_ _pd Apl
dpV$ S> R>. Apl `f S> cfpkp L$$ Ry>
S>_p rkhpe L$pB iqs L$ spL$s _\u,
Apl dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$ D`f
flds _pqTg afdph dpfp D`f spfu
flds A_ spbp_p v$fhp Mpgu v$ A_
265
A_y$drZL$p
Ny_pl_p v$fhp b^ L$fu v$ d_ spfp

Of_p qTepfs L$f_pf, spfu drS>v$p
Apbpv$ L$f_pf, fps-qv$hk spfp\u
dy_ps L$f_pf, _dpTdp rh_dsp
v$MpX$_pf b_ph, isp_ fd A_
Bguk_p gL$f_ dpfp\u v|$f L$f.
`R>u dqS>v$dp v$pMg \pe A_
b fL$ps _dpT `Y$, A_ S>_pb
kev$p kgp. _u sbul `Y$, A_
`ps
p_p lp\p v$yAp dpV$ KQp L$fu L$l :
.,FCL S1N DNN3 .,iS,3 BF1T[2p,3

D]h74G[AM INiC[ A[ C]1:G[ h5gG[CL A[S
.,FCL S1N3 H,;,3 DM;LVM AiG INiS
266
A_y$drZL$p
DMlS2Z3ZG3 ,S A[ ;}9V[ V1D,[CL J

ZFHI[IG3 lDgS;14 ;1O3C1 V1G3 h,,[CLP
.,FCL S1N3 ZOV1 .,iSh54 h5F,[DM
SO3OiC[ ZFH[IG3 ,[ DF ,NiS O ,F
TMB1I3lIaCM A[ ZC14DT[S lDG3 Oh14,[SP
.,FCL S1N3 H;7,3 VF1V[NM V[,,3 DVF1;2L
AiG INiS BF92V[OG3 lDG3 IJ3lDG3
TH3;}7 OLlC,3 B1,FV[S2M AiG INiS$
.,FCL HF9VS,3 V1aN],3 BF1T[2VM
Oh[V1G3 D]xO[S1G3 J ZOV1 .,iS T1Z3OC}
C1h8[ZG3 ZFH[IG3 J OFh1T3 V1A3ZTMC}
D]:Tu1O[ZG3 GFN[DG3 J .1h3hT[S J
H,F,[S DF VZN3TM A[ DV14;2[ITL
267
A_y$drZL$p
DMBF1,OTS J DF V1;1iTMS .h74

V1;1iTMS J VGF A[S HFC[,]G3 J ,F ,[
VM2S1}AT[S DMTV1Z3Z[h1]G3 J ,F ,[ Gh5Z[S
D]:TlB1O3O]G3 J ,FlSG3 ;jJ,T3 ,L
GO3;L J VVF1GtGL V1,F hF7,[S
lXS14JTL J U1Z3ZGL l;T3ZMS,3 D]Z3BF1
V1,iI O D[G,3 VFG lDG3 V1hF7A[S
DG3 I:TG3S2[hM8GL J A[ C1a,[ DG3
VV14T;[2DM .G3 S1T1V14T C1a,S V1gGL O
IF ;jVTFCM U1NG3 D[G,3 JMS1}O AiG
INiS V[hF7 S2L, l,,3 DMlB1O3OLG H}h}
J l,,3 D]:7S2[,LG C]11} VODV1,3
DMlB1 O 3 O LG VH} h M VD3 DV1 , 3
268
A_y$drZL$p
D]:7S2[,LG VC1]M2 Ji,L S]<,DF SAMZ

l;gGL S;M8ZT3 hM8G}AL Ji,L S]<,DF
TF1, p2DZL S;M8ZT3 DVF1;2LiI OSD3
VT}AM J SD3 Vp2NM VDFVF9G ,L VG3
V:TC2LiI lDG3 ZaALP V<,FC]dD O A[
C1S14S[2 DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3
.U14lOZ3,L JZ3C1dGL IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC2[DLGP
J B1I3Z,3 U1FO[ZLGP
Ae Apl Ny_lNpf A_ MspL$pf
bv$p _L$ Nydp_u kp\ spfu bpfNpldp
lp\ agph R> Ae Apl Ny_lNpf bv$p
spfu kpd R> A_ `psp_p Mfpb
Apdpgp_ L$b|g L$fu fp R>. A Dduv$_u
269
A_y$drZL$p
kp\ L$ sy s_u c|g sfa ep_ _lu Ap`

Ae Apl spfp sfa Tpgud bv$pA
`psp_u l\mu bygv$ L$fgu R>. S> L$pB
spfp `pk R> s_u Dduv$ gNphu_, sp
spfu flds A_ aTgp L$fd_p hpsp\u
s_ _p Dduv$ _ L$fS>. Ae Apl spfu
kpd Ny_plp sfa `pR>p af_pf spfp
bv$pA NpW$Zp V$L$ep R>. A qv$hk_p X$f
kp\ S> qv$hk sdpd dg|L$ spfu kpd
NpW$Z V$ep li. Ae Apl spfu
bpfNpldp MspL$pf bv$p Apep R> X$fgp
A_ Ncfpegp R> A_ spfu sfa Apip
A_ X$f_u kp\ h R> A_ s_u ApMp\u
Apky fu R> A_ Ny_plp\u spbp L$fu
270
A_y$drZL$p
fp R> A_ `sphp L$fu fp R>. spfu

BS>s A_ Tgpg_u L$kd d spfu
dyMpgas_p L$pfZ Ny_pl _\u L$ep. A_
A lpgsdp `Z Ny_pl _\u L$ep L$ ly
lug lsp. A_ spfu k_ `p \hp
`Z _ lpsp dpNsp A_ _ A L$pfZ L$
spfu _Tf_ lL$u NZsp lsp. `Z dpfp
_ak Ny_pl_ dpfp dpV$ kyipcus L$fu
v$MpX$ey A_ dpfu bv$bsuA s_u dv$v$
L$fu A_ spfu `fv$p`piuA d_ dN$f L$fu
v$u^p. ANf s spfp\u dpfp kb^ L$pù
_pep sp L$pg L$epds_p v$uhk Dcp
flhp_p kde ly $hp \Bi. epf ApR>p
bpS>hpmp gpL$p_ L$lhpdp Aphi L$
271
A_y$drZL$p
`kpf \B Ap A_ h^y bpS>hpmp

gpL$p_ `R>pX$u v$hpdp Aphi. iy ly s
qv$hk h^y bpS>hpmp b_u A_ `X$u
S>Bi? hpe \pe dpfp D`f S>d S>d
kde `kpf \pe R>, sd sd dpfp
Ny_plp_p bpS> h^sp e R>. L$V$gu
spbp L$$. L$V$gp `sphp L$$. iy. A hMs
_\u Apep L$ ly sfs dpfp `fhfv$uNpf
\u ifd L$$. Ae Apl s_ dpldv$
A_ Apg dpldv$_p lL$_p hpsp Ap`y
Ry> d_ dpa L$f, dpfp `f dlfbp_u L$f.
Ae dlfbp_u L$f_pfpApdp h^pf
dlfbp_. Ae dpa L$f_pfpApdp
blsfu_.
272
A_y$drZL$p
`R>u fX$ A_ `psp_y L$`pm S>du_

`f fpM A_ L$l :
.Z3C1D3 DG3 V;FV JS14TZO J:TSFG

JV14TZO
dlfbp_u L$f A_p D`f S>Z Mfpb
L$pdp L$ep, Ny_pl_p L$pddp lp\ _pep
A_ `R>u gpQpf \B Nep A_ Ny_plp_p
Asfpa L$f R>.
`R>u `psp_p S>dZp Npg S>du_ `f
fpM A_ L$l :
.G S]gTM A[V3;,3 V1aNM O VgT

G[V14DZ3 ZaAMP
273
A_y$drZL$p
L$ ly spfp Mfpb bv$p Ry>, `Z sy

dpfp kpfp `fhfqv$Npf R>.
`R>u `psp_p X$pbp Npg S>du_
`f fpM A_ L$l :
V1hM6Dh74 h7gAM lDG3 V1aN[S O,3

IC14;MlG,3 V1O3JM lDG3 .1gN[S IF SZLDMP
bv$p sfa\u Ny_pl dpV$p R>, `Z
spfu sfa\u dpau blsf R>, Ae
dlfbp_.
`R>u L$`pm_ MpL$ `f fpMu kp hMs
V,3 V1O3J V,3 V1O3J L$l `R>u vy$Ap
dpN.
274
A_y$drZL$p
kpAkp rb_ kplp_ fTu._u dqS>v$
kpAkp rb_ kplp_ fTu.

_u dqS>v
kpAkp rb_ kplp_ fTu._u
dqS>v$_y `Z O dlh R>. Al] Myv$
lTfs Agu A.k. A `Z _dpT `Y$u
R>. A_ gNcN Bdpd A.k. `Z Alu
Aphu Q|ep R> Al] Bbpv$s L$fhp_p OZp
khpb R>.
dqS>v$dp v$pMg \pe A_ b fL$ps
_dpT `Y$ S>_pb kev$p kgp._u
sbul `R>u Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
V<,FC]dD IF h7,3 D[GlG;3 ;FA[U1T[

J,3 VF,F9.,3 JFh[V1T[ JZ3 ZC14DlT,3
275
A_y$drZL$p
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276
A_y$drZL$p
HFh CJFH[;,3 VO3SFZ[P IF DG3 TJC14C1N

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277
A_y$drZL$p
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J VlDtGL D:~ZG3 J Du1O}ZG3 J TJ<,
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278
A_y$drZL$p
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J VF,[CL S;L8ZFP
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Ap`_pf, Ae _Adsp_ hlQ_pf, Ae
rhipm fldshpmp, Ae `|fu Ly$v$fs
hpmp, Ae dlp_ _Adshpmp, Ae
dlp_ brnihpmp, Ae kpfu kpfu
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AspAphpmp S>_p NyZ bep_ L$fhp dpV$
279
A_y$drZL$p
L$pB rdkpg _\u Apù iL$psu, s_p S>hp

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iL$psp _\u Ae L$ S>_ `v$p L$ep A_ fpTu
Apù Ae L$ S>Z Blpd L$ey A_
bpghp_u iqs Apù. Ae L$ S>Z _hu_
_L$ipAp L$ep A_ s fu L$ep, bygv$
L$ep, bly bygv$ sL$v$uf L$fu blsfu_
sL$v$uf, ApL$pf Apep dS>b|s, v$gug
L$ped L$fu sp k`|Z fus `lpQpX$u _Ads
Apù sp gNpspf Apù Asp L$ey sp
h^pf dpZdp Asp L$ey. A_ S> Apey s
h^sy Ney. Ae `psp_u BSS>sdp Ahp
bygv$ S> ApMp\u Npeb R>. A_ `psp_p
gyap L$fd\u _S>v$uL$ R>. Ahp _S>v$uL$ L$
280
A_y$drZL$p
S>_p qhQpf `Z _\u Aphu iL$sp. Ae

bpv$ipludp Ahp AX$ L$ S>_u
bpv$ipludp L$pB L$pf_u bp^R>pX$ _\u,
S> `psp_u _Adsp A_ dlp_spdp
AX$ R>. A_ s_u dlp_ ATds_p L$pB
dyL$pbgp _\u L$fu iL$sp. A Ahu
ATdshpmp R> L$ S>_u ATds kyû
rhQpfp_u k|dsp `lpQu _\u iL$su.
s_u ATds_u byTyN} kyû gpL$p_u _S>f
`lpQu iqs _\u. Ae A L$ S>_u lbs
kpd QlfpAp S|>L$u e R>, A_ Nfv$_p
_uQu \B e R>, qv$gp Ncfpe e R>, ly
spfp Ap hMpZ pfp L$ S> spfp rkhpe
L$pB dpV$ epe _\u, A_ A_p hpsp\u L$
281
A_y$drZL$p
S>_p L$pfZ vy$Ap L$f_pf dpAdu_p dpV$

spfp _ak `f gpTud L$ey R> A_ A_p
hpsp\u L$ S>_p L$pfZ vy$Ap L$f_pf_u
vy$Ap L$b|g L$fhu spfp dpV$ S>$fu W$fey
R>. Ae kpcm_pfpApdp blsfu_
kpcm_pf, Ae _pfdp blsfu_
_pf, Ae TX$`\u rlkpb L$f_pf, Ae
dS>b|s spL$shf, flds _pqTg afdph.
lTfs dpldv$ (k.A.h.) `f S>Ap
_byhs_p rkgrkgp_ Msd L$f_pf R>
A_ s_p Algbs `f A_ dpfp dpV$ Ap
drl_p_u Av$f S> cgpB_u hlQZu L$fu
R> sdp blsfu_ rlkp B_pes afdph.
A_ dpfp dpV$ blsfu_ akgp L$f A_
282
A_y$drZL$p
Ap drl_p cgpB kp\ k`|Z L$f. A_

ep kyû sy d_ hs fpM rhipm fpTu
A`Z L$fS> A_ epf sy d_ dps Ap`
epf brni A_ Mylpgu_u lpgsdp
dps Ap`S>. A_ bfTM_p khpg
S>hpbdp dpfp kf`fs b_u, dpfp\u
dyL$uf A_ _L$uf_ v|$f L$fS>. A_ biuf
A_ dybiuf_ v$MpX$S>. d_ spfp
qfThp_ A_ S>s_p fsp `f QgphS>,
A_ ApMp_ W$X$L$ v$_pf rS>v$Nu A_ dlp_
lL| $ ds B_pes L$fS> . dp l dv$
(k.A.h.) A_ s_u Apg D`f OZuOZu fldsp _pqTg afdph.
283
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
qTepfs dAl
iM kv$vy$L$ >aL$ul dp qfhpes L$fu R> L$
sdpfp dpV$ AV$gy `yfsy R> L$ S> L$pB Bdpd,
_bu L$ hku_u qTepfs h epf ep
Ap `Y$p :
V:;,FDM V1,F VJ3,[IF9.<,FC[ J

V;1 4 O [ I F9 V [ C L V:;,FDM V1 , F
VMDGF9 . <,FC[ J VlC1 A 3 A F9 V [ C L
V::,FDM V1,F VG3;1FlZ<,FC[ J
BM2,OF9V[CL V:;,FDM V1,F DC2F9,3,[
DV1 4 Z [ O lT,3 , FC[ V:;,FDM V1 , F
D;FS[G[ lh7S3lZ<,FC[ V:;,FDM V1,F
284
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
D] h 0 4 C [ Z L VD3 l Z<,FC[ J GC3 I [ C L

V:;,FDM V1,N3 N]VF1T[ .,<,FC[
V:;,FDM V1,,3 D];3TlSZ14ZLG OL
DZ3 h F1 l T<,FC[ V:;,FDM V1 , ,3
D]B14,[;2LG OL TF1V1lT<,FC[ V:;,FDM
V1,,3 VlN<,F9V[ V1,<,FC[ V:;,FDM
V1,,3 ,hL8G DG3 JF,FC]D3 O S1N3
JF,<,FC J DG3 VF1NFC]D O S1N3
VF1N<,FC J DG3 V1ZOC]D3 O S1N3
V1ZO<,FC J DG3 HC[,C]D3 O S1N3
HC[<,,FC J DlGV14T;1D A[lCD3 O
S1lNV14 T;1D lA<,FC[ J DG3 TB1,3,F
lDG3C]D3 O S1N3 TB1,3,F D[G<,FC[ V1h3h
285
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
J H,3, J pX3C[N]<,FC VG3GL l;,3D]G3

,[ DG3 ;F,D3T]D3 J C1Z3A]G3 ,[ DG3
CF1ZA3T]D3 D]V3D[G]G3 A[ l;Z3Z[S]D3 J
V1,FlGIT[S]D3 DMOJ3J[h1]G3 OL hF7,[S
S],3,[lC .,I3S]D3 ,V1G<,FCM V1N]J3J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 D[G,3 lHG3G[ J,3 .G3;[
J VA3ZVM .,<,FC[ lDG3C]D3 J
;1<,<,FCM V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[CLP
kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p v$psp A_
`kv$ L$fpegp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p
Adp_sv$pfp A_ v$psp, kgpd \pe Ae
Apl_p dv$v$Npfp A_ _iu_p, kgpd
\pe Ae Apl_u dpAfas dmhhp_u
286
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
S>epAp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p

qT$_u dqTgp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p
lyL$d A_ d_pB_ luf L$f_pfpAp, kgpd
\pe Ae Apl_u sfa, bpgph_pfpAp
kgpd \pe Ae Apl_u dfdp kprbs
L$v$d fl_pfpAp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_u
sfa rlv$pes L$f_pfpAp, kgpd \pe Ae
gpL$p D`f S>_p\u dplbs L$f_pf
Ap\u dplbs L$fu S>_p\u vy$d_u
L$f_pf Apl\u vy$d_u L$fu, S>_u
dpAfas dmh_pf Apl_u dpAfas
dmhu S>_p\u rlg fl_pf Apl\u
rlg fp, S>_p\u Adp_ dmh_pf
Apl\u Adp_ dmey, S>_ d|L$u v$_pf
Apl ATT hS>_ d|L$u v$u^p, Apl_
287
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
Nhpl b_phy Ry>, ly A_p\u kygl fpMy Ry>

S>_u sdpfu kp\ kygl R>, ly A_p\u gX$pB
L$$ Ry> S> sdpfp\u gX$pB L$f R>. sdpfu Ry>ù
A_ lf bpbsp `f Bdp_ fpMy Ry>, v$fL$
bpbsp sd_ kp`y Ry>, Apl Apg
dpldv$_p v$fL$ vy$d_ rS>_dp\u lpe L$
Bkp_dp\u s_p D`f gp_s L$f. ly Apl
`pk sd_p\u bTpfu Qply Ry> Apl
dpldv$ (k.A.h.) A_ s_u Apg `f
flds _pqTg L$f.
288
A_y$drZL$p
vy$ApA Apguesyg dTpdu_
vy$ApA Apguesyg
dTpdu_
i$ L$$ Ry> Apl_p _pd\u S> fldp_
A_ flud R>.
Ae Apl ! d Ap Bdpd (A.k.)
_u qTepfs sd_u Bdpds_p BL$fpf A_
sd_u BspAs afS> lphp_p AL$uv$p_u kp\
L$fu R>. d Ap Bdpd (A.k.) _u qTepfsNpl_p Bfpv$p dpfp Ny_plp, dpfu yqV$Ap,
lgpL$sdp _pM_pfu dpfu _pafdp_uAp,
dpfu Ake b|fpBAp A_ dpfu c|gp A_
S> L$pB sy dpfp L$fsp h^pf Zp R>p s
b^p_u kp\ L$ep R>. spfu dpau \L$u
Ry>V$L$pfp Qpl_pfp Ry>, spfp rld \L$u `_pl
289
A_y$drZL$p
Qpl_pfp Ry>, spfu flds_u Dduv$

fpM_pfp Ry>, spfp $L$__ `L$X$ep R>. spfu
dlfbp_udp fnZ dmh_pfp Ry>. sy spfp
hgu A_ spfp hguAp_p afTv$, spfp
dp_uspAp_p afTv$, spfp Adu_ A_ spfp
Adu_p_p afTv$, spfp Mguap A_ spfp
MguapAp_p afTv$_u iapAs Qply Ry>. L$
S>Ap_ s spfu flds A_ spfu My_yv$u
dmhhp_p hkugp b_pep R> A_ spfu
dlfbp_u A_ spfu dpau_p dpedp
b_pep R>. Ae Apl ! spfu bpfNpldp
dpfu kp\u `lgu lpS>s Ap R> L$ dpfp
ANpD_p Ny_plp_ OZp lphp R>sp sy dpa
L$fu v$ A_ dpfu bpL$u_u rS>v$Nudp d_
Ny_plp\u bQph. A_ dpfp v$u__ Ahu
290
A_y$drZL$p
hsyAp\u `pL$ fpMS> L$ S> s_ L$gqL$s

A_ A`dpr_s L$f R>. sy s_p iL$p, Ly$iL$p,
riL$ A_ akpv$\u fnZdp fpM. sy d_ spfu
BspAs A_ spfp fk|g (k.A.h.)_u
BspAs A_ sd_u DQ A_ kApv$sdv$
Apg_u BspAs A_ spbv$pfu D`f
kprbs L$v$d fpM. sAp D`f spfu
kghps, spfu flds A_ spfu bfL$sp
_pqTg L$f. A_ ep kyû sy d_ hs
fpM ep kyû sAp_u BspAs D`f bpL$u
fpMS> A_ epf sy d_ dey Ap` sp
sAp_u BspAs D`f S> d_ dps Ap`S>.
A_ A L$ sAp_u dhvs, sAp_u
dplbs, sAp_p vy$d_p e_u vy$d_u
A_ sAp_p v$psp_ kp\ Ap`hp_y A_
291
A_y$drZL$p
sAp kp\ _L$u L$fhp_y sy dpfp qv$gdp\u

rdV$phu _pMsp _l]. Ae dpfp `fhfqv$Npf
! ly spfu `pk khpg L$$ Ry> L$ dpfu Ap
hps_ L$b|g L$f. A_ sy spfu Bbpv$s A_
s_u `pbv$u_ dpfp dpV$ `kv$uv$p b_phu v$
A_ sdp d_ a|rs Ap`. spfu lfpd L$fg
bpbsp A_ Ny_plp_ dpfu _S>fdp
rsfL$pf cep b_phu v$ A_ d_ s_p\u v|$f
fpM. A_ d_ Ahu spauL$ Ap` L$ _dpT
`X$hpdp kysu _ L$$, A_ s_ lL$u _
kdSy> A_ s_ Av$p L$fhpdp dpXy$ _ L$$.
A_ d_ spauL$ Ap` L$ ly A (_dpT)_
Ahu fus Av$p L$$ L$ S>hu fus s aT L$fu R>
A_ S>hu fus s lyd L$ep R>. spfp fk|g,
sd_p D`f A_ sd_u Apg D`f spfu
292
A_y$drZL$p
kghps, spfu flds A_ spfu bfL$sp

dpL$g, L$ (_dpT_) sd_u kys dpZ
_dsp A_ rh_dsp kp\ Av$p L$$. A_
TL$ps Av$p L$fhp dpV$, kv$L$p Ap`hp dpV$,
_L$ L$pedp MQ L$fhp dpV$ A_ Apg
dpldv$ (A.dy.k.)_p riepAp kp\ _L$u
A_ Alkp_ L$fhpdp, A_ sd_u kp\
kvhsph L$fhp dpV$ sy dpfp qv$g_ rhipm
L$fu v$. A_ d_ ep kyû dps Ap`sp _l]
ep kyû spfp dplsfd Of L$p"bp_u lS>
A_ spfp _bu (k.A.h.) s\p Bdpdp
(A.dy.k.) _u L$bfp_u qTepfs _ L$fu
gJ. Ae dpfp `fhfqv$Npf ! ly spfu `pk
_k|l_p S>hu spbp_p khpg L$$ Ry>. L$
S>_p\u sy fp \B , Ahu r_es L$ S>_p
293
A_y$drZL$p
sy hMpZ L$f A_ Ahp _L$ Adg L$ S>_ sy

L$b|g L$fu g. A_ A L$ sy d_ dpa L$fu v$
A_ epf sy d_ dps Ap` sp dpfp D`f
fld L$fS> A_ dps_p kde kL$fps_u
dyL$gu_ dpfu D`f Apkp_ L$fS> A_
dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$ sd_p D`f
A_ sd_u Apg D`f Apl_u kghps
\pe. sAp_p Qpl_pfpAp_p kd|l_u kp\
d_ DW$pX$S> A_ spfu flds \L$u d_
S>sdp v$pMg L$fS>. A_ A L$ spfu
BspAsdp dpfu ApMdp\u Qp^pf Apky
hlhp gpN A_ Ahu hpspdp d_ $v$_
L$fhp_u spauL$ v$ L$ S> d_ spfp\u _S>v$uL$
L$fu v$. A_ dpfp qv$g_ spfp v$psp e
gpNZuiug b_phu v$. A_ Ap vy$r_epdp
294
A_y$drZL$p
_yL$ip_p, Apasp, dpV$u budpfuAp, lWugp

fpNp A_ v$fL$ L$pf_u bgpAp A_
vyOV$_pAp\u sy d_ bQphS>. A_ sy dpfp
qv$g_ lfpd\u `pL$ L$fu v$, spfu _pafdp_u
e rsfL$pf `v$p L$fu v$, A_ dpfpdp
lgpg e_u dplbs _pMu v$. A_ sy
dpfp dpV$ s (lgpg hsyAp) _p v$fhp
Mpgu _pM A_ s_u D`f S> dpfu r_es
s\p Adg_ d$d fpMS>. A_ dpfu he
gpbu L$f. A_ f Nd_p v$fhpAp_
dpfp dpV$ b^ L$fu v$. A_ dpfp D`f s S>
L$pB D`L$pf L$ep R> s_ dpfu `pk\u R>u_hu
gsp _l]. A_ S> hsy Apù_ s dpfp
D`f S> L$pB Alkp_ L$ep R> sdp\u dpfu
`pk L$pB `pRy> gB gsp _l]. A_ s
295
A_y$drZL$p
_Adsp L$ S> s d_ Asp L$fu R> s_p\u d_

hrQs L$fsp _l]. A_ s d_ S> L$pB Apey
R> sdp h^pfp L$fS>, s_ bd A\hp
s_p\u h^pf L$fu v$S>. A_ sy M|b S> h^pf
A_ rhipm dpg, S> blpmp lpe, Myi
L$f_pfp lpe, dybpfL$ lpe, h^sp fl A_
BA sV$gp lpe. A_ Ahu BTTs Ap`
L$ S> bpL$u fl_pfu A_ `|fsu lpe. A_
Ahp v$f$p Ap` S> dS>b|s A_ kyfrns
lpe. A_ Ahu _Ads Ap` S> rh`yg
A_ blpmu lpe. A_ s_p \L$u d_ sL$gua
cfgu hsyAp\u A_ dyL$gucep L$pdp\u
br_epT L$fu v$. A_ dpfp v$u_, dpfu s,
dpfu Apgpv$ A_ S> L$pB s d_ Asp L$ey R>
A_ _hpep R> s_p \L$u A b^p
296
A_y$drZL$p
(dyL$gucep) L$pdpdp\u d_ _s Ap`.

sy dpfp dpg A_ S> L$pB s d_ Asp L$ey R>
s b^p_ kyfrns fpM. A_ d_ Tprgdp_p
lp\p\u bQphS>, A_ d_ dpfp hs_ `fs
`lpQpX$u v$S>. A_ sy dpfu vy$r_ehu A_
ApMfs_u ApfS|>Ap_ `|fu L$fu v$. A_ sy
dpfp L$pe_p Ad ki_ue, kpfp A_
yqV$ hNf_p L$fS>. A_ sy d_ Dv$pf
qv$ghpmp, kd^ lpgshpmp A_ kpfp
AgpL$hpmp b_phu v$ L$ S> L$S|>ku,
r_apL$, S|>W$, bplsp_ A_ _L$pdu hpsp\u
v|$f lpe. dpldv$ (k.A.h.) A_ Apg
dp l dv$ (A.dy . k.) A_ s d _p
riepAp_u dplbs_ dpfp qv$gdp Y$ L$fu
v$. Ae dpfp `fhfqv$Npf ! dpfu s_,
297
A_y$drZL$p
dpfp Ly$Vy$buAp_, dpfp dpg_, dpfu

Apgpv$_, dpfp ldv$v$p_ dpfp cpBAp_,
dpfp\u dplbs fpM_pfpAp_ A_ dpfp
hi_ spfu flds A_ spfu kMphs hX$
fnZdp fpMS>. Ae Apl ! spfu
bpfNpldp Ap dpfu lpS>sp R>, S>_ d
dpfu V|$L$u _S>f_p L$pfZ OZu dp_u R>,
epf L$ spfu _S>fdp s sv_ _hu A_
s_ `|fu L$fhu spfp dpV$ OZu klgu A_
kfm R>. s\u dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$
(A.dy.k.)_p S> v$f$p spfu _S>v$uL$ R>
s_p hpsp\u, sAp_p s lL$ L$ S> spfp
D`f R> A_ sAp_p dpV$ S> L$pB s spfp
D`f S>$fu W$fpey R> s_p hpsp\u A_
spfp bu b^p _buAp, spfp fk|gp,
298
A_y$drZL$p
spfp Q|V$u L$Y$pAgp A_ r_Mpgk L$fpAgp

bv$pAp_p hpsp\u A_ s Bd ApTd_p
hpsp\u s bû S> lpS>sp_p spfu `pk
khpg L$$ Ry> L$ S>_ s l kyû `|fu L$fu
_\u. A_ dpfu s BR>pAp_ S>_ s `|fu
L$fu_ dpfu Apip A_ dpfu A`npdp d_
r_fpi L$ep _ lsp sy Ap kplb L$b_ dpfu
iapAs L$f_pf b_phS>. Ae dpfp kfv$pf
! Ae Apl_p hgu ! Ae Apl_p
Adp_sv$pf ! Ap`_p `pL$uTp AS>v$pv$_p
l$_p hpsp A_ Ap`_p Q|V$u L$Y$pAgp
afTv$_p l$_p hpsp \L$u khpg L$$ Ry> L$
dpfu Ap bû S> lpS>sp dpV$ Ap` Apl
ATT h S>_u bpfNpldp dpfu iapAs
L$fp. L$pfZ L$ Apl_u _Tv$uL$, L$ S>_p
299
A_y$drZL$p
_pdp `pL$uTp R>, Ap`_p dpV$ Apv$fZue

v$f$p, Npfhipmu dfsbp A_ dS>b|s
\p_ R>. Ae Apl ! ANf ly Ahp L$pB_
ApmMsp lps L$ S> Ap Bdpd, sd_p
AS>v$pv$ A_ sd_p `pL$uTp afTv$p, sAp
D`f kgpd A_ kghps \pe, L$fsp spfu
bpfNpldp h^pf dp_hs lpe sp ly sAp_
S> dpfp iauA b_phs A_ dpfu Ap
lpS>sp A_ dpNZuAp_ sd_u kpdS> fS|>
L$fs. s\u d_ kpcm A_ dpfu vy$Ap_
L$b|g L$f, A_ sy dpfu kp\ Ahp hsph L$f
S> spfu ip__ gpeL$ R>. Ae fld
L$f_pfpApdp kp\u $ fld L$f_pf ! Ae
Apl ! A_ dpfu dpNZuApdp S> L$pB
L$du flu NB R> A_ ep kyû dpfu kdS>
300
A_y$drZL$p
`lpQu iL$u _\u L$ S> dpfp v$u_, dpfu

vy$r_ep A_ dpfu ApMfsdp DèpNu lpe
sy d_ sd_p\u _hpS>. A_ sy dpfu
rlapTs L$f A_ dp$ fnZ L$f A_ d_
bnu v$ A_ d_ dpa L$fu v$. A_ kfL$i
isp_ A\hp vy$d_ bpv$ipl A\hp v$u_dp
dpfp rhfpû A\hp vy$r_epdp TOX$pMpf
A\hp dpfu _Adsp D`f Bjp L$f_pf
A\hp Tprgd A\hp bNphs L$f_pf Ap
b^pdp\u S> L$pB `Z dp$ b|$ BR> A\hp
d_ ksphhp_p Bfpv$p L$f sp sy s_p lp\_
dpfp\u fpL$u gS>, d_ s_u m\u Ry>V$L$pfp
A`phS> A_ s_ S> sdp akphu v$S>. A_
s_u b|fpB A_ s_p A_yepeuAp_u s\p
s_p isp_p_u b|fpB kpd sy dpfp dpV$
301
A_y$drZL$p
`|fsp \B . A_ s_u b|fpB d_ _yL$ip_

`lpQpX$ A_ d_ B `lpQpX$ s v$fL$\u
d_ spfu `_pldp fpM. A_ bû S
cgpBAp L$ S> L$pB ly Ry> A_ S> L$pB ly
_\u Zsp s bûS> sy d_ Asp L$f. Ae
Apl ! dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg
dpldv$ A.dy.k. D`f flds _pqTg L$f.
d_, dpfp dp-bp`_, dpfp cpBAp_,
dpfu bl_p_, dpfp L$pL$pAp_, dpfu
ap B Ap _ , dpfp dpdpAp _ , dpfu
dpkuAp_, dpfp v$pv$pAp_, dpfu v$pv$uAp_,
sAp_u Ahgpv$_, sAp_p hi_, dpfu
`_uAp_, dpfp hi_, dpfp kNpAp_,
dpfp v$psp_, dpfp `pX$piuAp_, `|h s\p
`qddp flsp Ap`_p kbû\u S>Ap
302
A_y$drZL$p
dpfp cpBAp R> s b^p_, dpdu_p A_

dpd_psdp\u dpfu dplbs ^fph_pfpApdp\u S>Ap hsp R> A_ sApdp\u
S>Ap dey `pep R> sAp_ A_ sAp L$
SdZ d_ _L$ hpsp iuMhpX$u A\hp S>Z
dpfu `pk\u Bd lprkg L$ey sAp b^p_
sy dpa L$fu v$. Ae Apl ! spfu flds_p
kv$L$pdp sy sAp_ dpfu _L$ vy$ApApdp A_
spfu ly $s A_ spfp hgu_u
qTepfsNpldp S> qTepfs L$fu fp Ry>
sdp sAp_ ifuL$ L$fu v$ A_ sAp_u _L$
vy$ApApdp d_ ifuL$ L$fu v$. Ae fld
L$f_pfpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf !
A_ sd_p sfa\u spfp hgu_ kgpd
`lpQpX$u v$. Ap`_p D`f kgpd \pe A_
303
A_y$drZL$p
Apl_u flds A_ s_u bfL$sp \pe.

Ae dpfp kfv$pf ! A_ Ae dpfp dpgp !
(Al] S>d_u qTepfs L$fu fp lpe sd_y
dybpfL$ _pd g) Apl Ap`_p D`f
Ap`_u $l D`f A_ Ap`_p bv$_ D`f
kghps _pqTg L$f. Apl_u bpfNpldp
Ap` S> dpfp hkugp A_ s_u sfa Ap`S>
dpfp dped R>p. dpfu `pk sdpfp rs
dplbs_p A_ Dduv$_p lL$ R>. s\u
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Rahnuma E Zaer (Part 1)

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Rahnuma E Zaer (Part 1)

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