Rahnuma E Zaer (Part 2)

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cpN - 2
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Website : www.hajinaji.com, E-mail : hajinajitrust@yahoo.com
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fpl_ydp-A-TpBf (cpN-1)
Aphq : `lgu (abyApfu 2014)
_L$g : 2000
lqv$ep : $p.70/- (cpN-1 A_ 2)
kL$g_ A_ L$pi_ :
lp _p ddpqfeg V$V$
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Apl kylp_ly h sApgp_p aTgp
L$fd\u A_ Qlpfv$p dpAk|du_p_p
hkugp\u k_ 1990dp lp _p
kpl b _p dy M guk QplL$p A_
AL$uv$sdv$pA Ap`_u dTlbu A_
kpdprS>L$ rMv$ds_u L$v$fv$p_u$` Ap`_pS>
_pd\u cph_Nf dyL$pd lp _p
ddpqfeg V$V$_u \p`_p L$fu. S>dp
dfl|d Apdp lp _p kplb_u A^|fu
hprli_ `|fu L$fhp r_Mpgkcph
dTlbu A_ kpdprS>L$ hq i$ L$fhpdp
Aphu ApS> kyûdp _hy S>V$gu v$u_u
qL$spbp_y L$pi_ L$fg R> kp\ kp\

ApS>_p Ap^yr_L$ eyN_u S>$fsp_ ep_dp
gB hbkpBV$dp qL$spbp d|L$hpdp Aphu R>.
s D`fps Ap hbkpBV$dp ApqX$ep A_
huX$uAp_u `Z kyrh^p D`g^ R>. A_
AL$ bpX$N_y `Z kQpg_ L$fhpdp Aph R>
S>dp lpgdp bph_ bpmL$p gpc gB
fp R>.
Ap qL$spb L$pi__p dL$kv$ dpV$u
v$mv$pf qL$spbp_u S>epA `pL$V$ kpBT_u
_p_L$X$u `yqsL$pdp qTepfsp, Apdpgp,
vy$ApAp hNf sys L$fhp_p R>. Ap
qL$spbdp qTepfs_u ANe_u dye dye
bû S> bpbsp Aphfu ghpdp Aphu R>.

Ap qL$spb_p k`pv$_ L$fhpdp _uQ dyS>b
qL$spbp_p DèpN L$fhpdp Apep R>.
1) splaA _|f (cpN-8)
2) d$p-dv$u_p-BfpL$-Bfp_ A_ ipd_u
qTepfsp
3) dapsulyg rS>_p_
4) qTepas Tful
5) Dv|$-NyS>fpsu iv$L$pi
6) X$ZuL$pi
7) aufpTyg gyNps
8) rdbplyg gyNps
Ap qL$spb_p L$pedp klL$pf

Ap`_pf sdpd cpBAp Mpk L$fu_ lp
L$pkdcpB hpZu_p Apcpfu Ry>. Ap
qL$spb_p gpc g_pf sdpd hpQL$p_
Adpfp dpV$ vy$ApA Mf L$fhp rh_su R>.
lp Nygpdlyk_ dOpZu
(d_N V$V$u)
lp _p ddpqfeg V$V$
A_y$drZL$p
1
2
`rh \mp_u ZL$pfu

ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p
Apv$pb
3 L$fbgp A dpAp_p _L$ip
4 lTfs Bdpd lyk_ (A.k.)_p
fpTp_p _L$ip
5 lTfs Bdpd lyk_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs_u aTugs
6 lTfs Bdpd lyk_ (A.k.)_u
qTepfs
7 qTepfs hpfkp
8 lTfs Agu AL$bf (A.k.)
_u rTepfs
9 sdpd iluv$p_u qTepfs
10 rhv$pA Bdpd lyk_ (A.k.)
01
06
10
12
14
28
38
52
56
60
11 S>_pb lbub B_
dTprlf_u qTepfs
65
12 S>_pb Bbplud dyb (A.k.)
_u rTepfs
68
13 lTfs Abpk B_
Agu A.k._u rTepfs
71
14 rhv$pA lTfs Abpk A.k.
B_ Agu A.k.
99
15 S>_pb l|f A.k._u qTepfs 103
16 S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
109
17 dykeb
119
18 S>_pb dyqgd rb_ AL$ug_p
afTv$p_u qTepfs
120
19 L$pTd__p fpTp_p _L$ip
126
20 Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k. A_
Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._u
qTepfs
128
A_y$drZL$p
21 Bdpd d|kp L$prTd A.k._u

qTepfs
22 Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._u
qTepfs
23 rhv$pA B. d|kp L$pqTd A.k.
24 rhv$pA B. dpldv$ sL$u A.k.
25 dqS>v$ bfpkp
26 S>_pb kgdp_ apfku_u
qTepfs
27 rhv$pA S>_pb kgdp_ apfku
28 _hpb Afbp_u qTepfs
29 BdpdTpv$pAp_u qTepfs
30 kev$ dpldv$ B_ Bdpd
Agu _L$u A.k._u qTepfs
31 kpdfp_p fpTp_p _L$ip
32 Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k. A_
Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k._u
140
166
182
183
185
189
201
206
210
213
232
A_y$drZL$p
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
qTepfs
B. Agu _L$u A.k._u qTepfs
qTepfs
rhv$pA Bdpd Agu _L$u A_
Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k.
S>_pb _frS>k Mps|__u
qTepfs
S>_pb lL$udp Mps|__u
qTepfs
Bdpd Tdp_p A.k._u qTepfs
qTepfs Api|fp
qTepfs AfbB_
qTepfs dAl
vy$ApA Apguesyg dTpdu_
234
244
270
302
304
317
329
344
365
377
382
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
`rh \mp_u rhNs

L$fbgp : Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p
lfddp
(1) Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u L$b (2) Agu
AL$bf A.k._u L$b (3) Agu AkNf
A.k._u L$b (4) NS> iluv$p (5) lbub
B_ dTprlf_u L$b (6) L$gNpl (7) l.
Bbplud Ag dyb_u L$b
lfd dybpfL$_u blpf
(1) lTfs Abpk A.k._p fpTp (2)
rs T_buep (3) MdpNpl (4) Bdpd
S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k. _p bpN A_ _lf
a|fps (5) dL$pd Bdpd Tdp_p A.k. (6)
lTfs lyf_p dL$bfp (7) S>ep lTfs
1
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
Agu AL$bf A.k. iluv$ \ep lsp

(8) S>ep lTfs Agu AkNf A.k.
iluv$ \ep lsp (9) S>ep lTfs Bdpd
lyk_ A.k._y kf dybpfL$ fpMhpdp Apey
lsy, (10) S>ep lTfs Abpk A.k._p
lp\ L$`pep lsp, (11) S>_pb Ap__p
dL$bfp (12) lTfs dyqgd rb_
AqL$g_p afTv$p_u L$bp A D`fps dL$pd
if raTTp, dL$pd S>Aaf rS>_, dL$pd
dyL$pbgp, dL$pd Bdpd SAaf kpqv$L$
A.k. rhNf S>epAp `Z R>.
rlp :
(1) S>_pb lTp rb_ lk_ rb_
Avy$pl_p fpTp (f) S>_pb L$prkd B_
2
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
lTfs Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k._p fpTp,

(3) _bu Aeyb A.k._y Of A_ L|$hp,
(4) _bu Aeyb A.k._p dL$bfp, (5)
_bu v$pr_epg A.k._u dTpf (6) lTfs
_bu TyqL$ag A.k._u dTpf, (7) dL$pd
Bdpd Tdp_p A.k. (8) dqS>v$ fv$ ik
L$pTd_ :
(1) Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k._u L$bf
dybpfL$, (2) Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._u
L$bf dyybpfL$ (3) S>_pb iM dyauv$
Af._u L$bf, (4) S>_pb _ku$v$u_
s|ku_u L$bf (5) kev$ dyfsTp_p
dL$bfp, kev$ fTu_p dL$bfp (6) iM
Ly$g_u (A.f.)_u L$bf (7) kev$ BdpBg
3
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
ka$v$u_ (A.f.)_u L$bf (8) lTfs

qMTf `Nbf_u S>ep, bNuQp, Alu
L$suA _|l_u r_ip_u lphp_y d_pe R>.
(9) lTfs Bbplud B_ dprgL$
Asf_u L$bf (10) lTfs blgyg
v$p_p_u L$bf.
bgv$ :
(1) kev$ dpldv$ rb_ Bdpd Agu _L$u
A.k._p fpTp
bNv$pv$ :
Bdpd Tdp_p A.k._p _pebp_u L$bfp,
S>_pb Ddp_ rb_ kBv$, S>_pb dpldv$
rb_ Ddp_, S>_pb lyk_ rb_ fhl
_pbsu, S>_pb Agu rb_ dpldv$
4
A_y$drZL$p
`rh \mp_u rhNs
kpdfu, S>_pb L$bf_u dTpf, dqS>v$

bfpkp, Alg kys_p Bdpd Aby
l_uap_u dTpf, iM Avy$g L$pqv$f
rS>gp_u_p dTpf.
dv$pA_ :
(1) S>_pb kgdp_ apfku f.A._u L$bf
(2) S>_pb lpTap edp_u_u L$bf, (3)
S>_pb buf B_ Avy$pl A_kpfu_u
L$bf, (4) S>_pb dpldv$ sprlf afTv$
Bdpd T_yg Apbv$u_ $A.k._u L$bf, (5)
spL$ qL$kfp A_ eyTued.
kpdfp : lfddp :
(1) Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k._u L$bf
dybpfL$ (2) Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k._u
5
A_y$drZL$p
ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p Apv$pb
L$bf dybpfL$ (3) S>_pb lL$udp Mps|_

kgp. _u L$bf dybpfL$ (Bdpd lk_
AL$fu A.k._p ayB) (4) S>_pb _fk
Mps|_ kgp. _u L$bf dybpfL$, (Bdpd
Tdp_p A.k._p dpsp) (5) kfv$pb
Bdpd Tdp_p A.k. (dL$pd Nbs)
ABdp A.k._u
qTepfs_p Apv$pb
(1) TpBfu_ dykpafu_ _uL$mhp
`lgp Nykg L$f (2) dpNdp _L$pdu hpsp
A_ gX$pB TOX$p\u bQ (3) v$fL$ Bdpd_p
fpTp_u qTepfs dpV$ S>hp `lgp Nykg L$f
(4) _p`pL$u\u v|$f fl, A_ bphTy fl.
6
A_y$drZL$p
(5) `pL$ kpa A_ hR> L$`X$p `lf (6)

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs rkhpe
bpL$u_p ABdp_u qTepfs L$fhp S>su
hMs Myb| gNph (7) fpTp dybpfL$
D`f S>su hMs lmh `Ng Qpg, dp\p_
S|>L$phu_ Qpg, ApSy> bpSy> Sy>A _rl.
sL$buf, lv$ A_ kghps `Y$sp fl . (8)
lfd dybpfL$_p v$fhpTp `pk Dcp flu
BT_ vy$M|g `Y$, _dsp A_ Ap kp\,
L$prii L$f L$ ApMdp\u Apky _uL$m . (9)
lfd dybpfL$dp v$pMg \su hMs `lgp
S>dZp `N Av$f d|L$ A_ blpf _uL$msu
hMs X$pbp `N. (10) Tful dybpfL$\u
7
A_y$drZL$p
AV$gp _L$ fl L$ Tful dybpfL$\u hmNu

iL$pe, Tful dybpfL$_ Q|d A_ lp\p\u
`L$X$ (11) ANf Dcp Dcp qTepfs
`X$hpdp L$pB sL$gua lpe sp bku_ `Z
qTepfs `Y$. (12) qTepfsp Ahu `Y$ L$
S> Bdpdp\u qfhpes \egu lpe. `psp_u
s L$ buAp_u b_phgu qTepfsp _
`Y$. (13) qTepfs `Y$u gu^p `R>u b
fL$ps _dpT lqv$eA qTepfs `Y$. (14)
lfd dybpfL$dp v$pMg \hp V$pBd _dpT
\B flu lpe sp \d _dpT `Y$. `R>u
qTepfs `Y$. (15) Tflu dybpfL$ `pk
bku_ Ly$fAp_ dv$_u rsgphs L$f.
8
A_y$drZL$p
(16) `psp_p Ny_plp_u spbp L$f A_

Bfpv$p L$f L$ lh\u Ny_plp\u `flT L$fui
(17) `psp_p ilfdp `pR>p S>su hMs
v$fL$ lfd dybpfL$dp qTepfs rhv$pA `Y$
(18) iM, iluv$ fl. A afdpey R> L$,
S>epf qTepfs L$fu g sp ep\u `pR>p
hmhp dpV$ Dsphm L$f A_ bu hMs
qTepfs dpV$ Aphhp_u BR>pAp es L$f
(19) `rh \mpA ep_p Nfub gpL$p_u
cf`|f dv$v$ L$f.
A_y$drZL$p
SZA,FmV[mDMV<,FGM GSXM
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
H
G
I
10
A_y$drZL$p
L$fbgp-A-dpAp_u rhNs
A
ChZT VaAF; VP;P GM ZMhM
B .DFD C];{G VP;P GM ZMhM

C DSFD[ V,L V;UZ VP;P
D CP VaAF; VP;PGF CFY
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
S5FIFGL HuIF
DSFD[ V,L VSAZ VP;P
;ahL DFZS[8
AUNFN TZOGM Z:TM
GCZ[ O}ZFT
DSFD[ .DFD[ hDFGF VP;P
.DFD HVOZ ;FlNS VP;PGM AFU
B{DFUFC
lT<,[ h{GALIF
11
A_y$drZL$p
ChZT .DFD C];{G VP;PGF ZMhFGM GSXM
D
N
L M
A
E G
K
I
H
F
12
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p fpTp_u rhNs

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
AFA]:;,FD
AFA[ .DFD[ hDFGF VP;P
AFA[ lSa,F
:+LVM DF8[ GDFhGL HuIF
5]~QM DF8[ GDFhGL HuIF
HGFA[ .A|FCLD D]HFA
CALA .aG[ DhFCLZ
St,UFC
.DFD C];{G VP;PGL SA|
HP V,L V;UZGL SA|
HP V,L VSAZGL SA|
U\H[ XCLNF
13
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u

qTepfs_u aTugs
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u
dlp hZ_ L$fhu OZu dyL$g R>.
lv$ukp\u A `$ \pe R> L$ Bdpd lyk_
A.k._u qTepfs_u dlp lS>, Ddfp
A_ S>lpv$_u bfpbf R> bL$ s_p\u `Z
Ar^L$ R>, Ny_pl bnhhp_y kp^_ R>,
vy$Ap L$b|g \hp_y L$pfZ R>, Dddp h^pfp
L$f_pf R>. _ A_ dpg_p fnZ_y kbb
R> A_ fpdp h^pfp L$fhp_p hkugp R>.
s_p\u L$bf_p khpg S>hpb A_
L$epds_p rlkpbdp Apkp_u \pe R>.
14
A_y$drZL$p
Nd A_ fS>\u R|>V$L$pfp dm R>,

kevy$iiplv$p_u qTepfs R>pX$u v$hp\u
v$u_ A_ Bdp_dp DZ` Aph R>, bL$
Agpl_p fk|g k.A.h._p l$pdp\u
AL$ dpV$p lL$ Av$p _ L$fhp bfpbf R>.
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_p _p_pdp
_p_p khpb A R> L$ TpBf_p b^p Ny_pl
dpa L$fu v$hpdp Aph R>. Apl s_p _
dpg_y fnZ L$f R>, ep kyû L$ s `psp_p
bpg bQpApdp `pR>p af A_
L$epdsdp Apl s_p fnL$ li qTepfs
rhj OZu qfhpesp dAk|du_ A.k.\u
_L$g L$fhpdp Aphu R>, S>dp A `Z R> L$
qTepfs Bdpd lyk_ A.k. `pR>m S>
15
A_y$drZL$p
`kp MQ L$fhpdp Aphi s_p v$fL$

rèp_p bv$gpdp Apl sApgp AL$
lf p. bL$ v$k lf p. Agpl_u
fpldp MQ L$fhp_p khpb Asp L$fi
S>epf TpBf `psp_p Of\u _uL$m R> sp
Qpf lf aqfspAp s_y hpNs L$f R>
A_ S>epf Of `pR>p af R> ep kyû s_u
kp\ fl R>.
aqfspAp, _buAp, hkuAp A_
dAk|du_ Bdpdp S>epf Bdpd lyk_
A.k._u qTepfs dpV$ Aph R> sp Bdpd
A.k._p Thpf dpV$ vy$Ap L$f R> A_
dp_hs `pg_lpf `ps `Z Thpf_
flds_u [$A yA R>. L$epds_p
16
A_y$drZL$p
qv$hk S>epf dlifdp cNp \_pfp gpL$p

TpBf_y dp_ `p_ i sp v$fL$ e[s
ApfT| L$fi L$ L$hy kp \ps L$ ly `Z
Bdpd_p TpBfpdp lps.
B_ L$pghe, Ly$ge_u A_ kev$
spDk
rhN f A
cfp k p`p
lv$ukhpApA hZ_ L$fg R> L$
dAprhep bu_ hlb L$l R> L$ ly AL$
qv$hk Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k._u
khpdp lpS>f \ep, ey L$ Bdpd A.k.
Bbpv$s L$fhpdp dN|g R> AV$g ly sd_u
`pk bku Nep A lsy\u L$ lTfs _dpT
`|fu L$f sp ly sd_p gpc gJ. Apd d
sd_u dy_ps kpcmhp_u sL$ TX$ù
17
A_y$drZL$p
guû. kpcey L$ Ap Aggpl_p

v$fbpfdp rh_su L$fu fp lsp :
Ae Apl ! s Ad_ Mpk B$s
Apù, Adpfp\u iapAs_p hpev$p L$ep
A_ Ad_ _buAp_p hpfk b_pep A_
spfp fk|g lTfs dpldv$ dysyap
k.A.h.A Adpfp rhi Dds_
cgpdZ L$fsp fp, s Ad_ c|sL$pm_y
crhe_y op_ Apey, gpL$p_p qv$gp_
Adpfu sfa hpmu v$u^p, sp sy Ab|
Avy$plug lyk_ A.k._p Thpfp_
dpa L$fu v$ L$pfZ L$ sdZ dp Adpfu
dplbsdp `kp MQ L$ep A_ dykpafu
L$fu A_ spfp\u Adpfp kb^_p L$pfZ
18
A_y$drZL$p
khpb_u Apip fpMu R>, spfp èNbf

k.A.h._ Myi L$ep, Adpfp lyL$dp_ dp\
QX$pep, A_ Adpfp vy$d_p kp\ vy$d_u
L$fu, Ap bû hpspdp sAp_p lsy dp
spfp fp`p dmhhp_p R>, AV$g spfu
fTpdv$u kp\ sd_ bv$gp Ap`, fps
qv$hk sd_y fnZ L$f, A_ S> bpg
bQpAp_ sAp hs_dp R>pX$u_ Apep
R> s_p sy fMhpm flS>, sd_p\u v$fL$
vy$$sp A_ r_v$esp_ v|$f fpMS> A_ sd_y
fnZ L$fS>, `R>u s rS>pspdp\u lpe L$
Bkp_pdp\u A_ sd_u ApipAp\u
sAp_ h^pf Ap`S>, L$pfZ L$ sAp
`psp_p hs_dp `psp_p bpg bQpAp_
19
A_y$drZL$p
dp Adpfu dlpbs_p L$pfZ R>pX$u_

Apep R>.
Ae Agpl, Adpfp vy$d_pA
Adpfp Thpf `f dp qTepfs_p L$pfZ
Apn`p L$ep, dZp dpep, `Z sAp_p
L$pfZ Adpfp Thpf_u rlds _ s|V$u,
sd_p Bfpv$pApdp gi dp afL$ _ `X$ep,
A_ _ sd_ Adpfu `pk Aphhpdp
Ahfp^ Dcp L$fu iL$pep, AV$g sy fld
L$f A ifufp `f S> k|e_p sS>\u `gV$pB
Nep R>, A_ fld L$f A ifufp `f S>
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u L$bf `f Y$ep R>
A_ Tful kp\ AX$L$ep R> A_ v$ep [$
L$f A ApMp `f S>Z Adpfp `f Apky
20
A_y$drZL$p
hlpep R> A_ fld L$f A qv$gp `f S>

Adpfu dykubs `f vy$:Mu \ep R> A_
fld L$f A L$`psp `f S> Adpfu
dykubsp `f fXu DW$ep R>, Ae Apl
sd_p hp A_ ifufp_ ly s_ kp`y Ry>, sy
Ad_ sfkhpmp (L$epds_p) qv$hk
L$pkf_p d\u s L$fS>.
dpAprhep B_ hlb L$l R> L$, Ap`
rkS>v$pdp hpfhpf Ap vy$Ap `Y$sp fp.
S>epf Ap` vy$Ap `Y$u fp sp d L$y
Agpl_p fk|g k.A.h._p afTv$, S>
vy$Ap d Ap`_p dpA kpcmu s Ap`
ANf L$pafp_p dpV$ `Z L$fs sp S>ld_u
ApN s_p kyû _ `lpQs. Apl_u
21
A_y$drZL$p
L$kd d A hMs ApfT| L$fu L$v$pQ Ap

hfk ly `Z lS> dpV$ _ Nep lps A_ s_p
bv$g Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs dpV$
Nep lps sp kp \s.
Ap` afdpey L$ sy sp L$fbgp\u OZp
_L$ fl R> `R>u s_ iy AX$QZ R> ? Ae
dpAprhep ! qTepfs_ L$v$u _ R>pX$S> d
_dsp`|hL$ L$y, dpfp dp-bp` Ap` `f
Ly$fbp_ \pe ly qTepfs_u ApV$gu
dlp_sp R> A Zsp _ lsp.
Ap` afdpey : Ae dpApqhep !
kevy$iplv$p_p TpBfp dpV$ vy$Ap
L$f_pfpAp h^pf sp Apkdp_dp hk R>,
L$pB X$f_p L$pfZ Ap`_u qTepfs _
22
A_y$drZL$p
R>pX$S> L$pfZ L$ X$fu_ qTepfs R>pX$u

v$_pf_ OZp `sphp \i L$ L$v$pQ `rh
dTpf\u AV$gp _S>v$uL$ lps L$ ldip
qTepfs L$fsp fls A_ ep S> v$a_ \B
s. iy s_ A hps `kv$ _\u L$ Apl
s_ A gpL$pdp yA L$ S>_p dpV$ Apl_p
fk|g k.A.h. A_ lTfs Adug
dpAd_u_ A.k. A_ S>_pb apsdp
kgp. A_ b^p dAk|du_ A.k. vy$Ap
L$f R>. iy sy A _\u BR>sp L$ sy `Z A
gpL$pdp lpe L$ S>Ap L$epds Aph epf
sd_p `f Ny_plp_p L$pB bpS> _ lpe.
A_ iy sy A _\u Qplsp L$ L$epdsdp sy
`Z A gpL$pdp cmu Nep lpe S>Ap kp\
23
A_y$drZL$p
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. lp\ dmhi.

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs L$fhu
kys R>, bL$ Ahu cgpdZ R> L$ L$V$guL$
lv$ukp\u Zhp dm R> L$ qS>v$Nucfdp
AL$ hMs sp Ap`_u qTepfs L$fhu S>fu
R>, Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k.\u L$pBA
`|R>ey L$ sdp A dpZk_p rhj iy L$lhy R>
L$ S>Z i[sdp_ lphp R>sp kevy$iplv$p
A.k._u qTepfs R>pX$u v$uû sp Ap`
afdpey : s Apl A_ Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p _pafdp_ R> A_ sZ AL$
Ahp L$pd_ syR> Ney S> s_p dpV$
Aes gpcv$peu lsy. TpBf qTepfs L$ep
`R>u Ahu q\rsdp `psp_p bpg24
A_y$drZL$p
bQpAp hQ `pR>p af R> L$ s_p `f

Ny_plp_p L$pB bpS> _\u lpsp.
dykpafu_u lpgsdp dfu e sp
aqfspAp s_p L$a_ v$a_dp lpS>fu
Ap` R>.
Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k.A kyv$f
kfau\u `|R>ey L$ sy Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u
qTepfs L$fhp v$ffpS> e R> ? sZ L$y
_rl. iy v$f AW$hpqX$e e R> ? sZ L$y
_rl. v$f drl_ e R> ? sZ S>hpb
Apep _rl. v$f kpg e R> ? sZ L$y L$
L$epfL$ hfkpdp AL$ hpf S>hp_y \pe R>.
Ap` afdpey : s_ Mbf _\u L$ Qpf
lf aqfspAp v$ffpS> Ap`_u qTepfs
25
A_y$drZL$p
L$fhp Aph R> A_ sd_p `f fX$ R> A_

dfrkep `Y$ R>, S>_p khpb Ap`_p
TpBfp_ dm R>, A_ Aphu s_u OZu
lv$ukp R>.
Bdpd dpldv$ bpqL$f A.k.A
afdpey : lTfs Bdpd lk
y _ A.k._u
qTepfs L$f_pfp dL$p_ _uQ v$bpB S>hp\u,
X$|bu S>hp\u, bmu S>hp\u, A_ cep_L$
_hfp_p apX$u Mphp\u kfyrns fl R>,
L$pB dpAdu__ Ap`_u qTepfs_u
dlp_sp kdB e sp s qTepfs
qv$g\u L$f R>, L$pB Ap`_u qTepfs
qv$g\u L$f sp Apl s_ AL$ lf dL$bg|
l_p, AL$ lf `kv$uv$p DdfpAp A_
26
A_y$drZL$p
AL$ lf iluv$p_p khpb Apì A_

Ahp b$v$gp Apì S> AL$ lf fpT
p
fpMhp, AL$ lf kv$L$p Ap`hp, AL$
lf Ngypd Apl_u fpldp ApTpv$
L$fhp\u dm R>, A_ AL$ hfk k^yu bû
Apasp\u Adp_dp fl R>.
27
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u

qTepfs
fhpL$ (`fipm)_p `lgp v$fhp
`pk Dcp flu A_ L$l :
V<,FCM VS3AZM SALZF J,3 C1D3NM

l,<,FC[ S;L8 Z F J ;] A 3 C F1 G <,FC[
A]S3ZTG3 J V;L2,FP V,3 C1D3NM
l,<,FClC,3 ,hL8 CNFGF ,[ CFhF7 J DF
S]gGF ,[ GC3TN[I ,J3 ,F VG3
CNFG<,FCM , S1N3 HF9VT3 ZM;M,M
ZaA[GF lA,3 C1S14S1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF Z;},<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
28
A_y$drZL$p
GALiI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF

BF1 T DG3 GALiILGP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF ;iI[ N ,3 D] Z 3 ; ,LGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1ALA<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF VDLZ,3
D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;iI[N,3 J;L2iILGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF SF92VN,3 U1]Z3lZ,3 DMC1H3H,LGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G OFT[2DT
;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S J V1,,3 V.DDT[ lDG3 J],3N[SP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J;L2iI VDLlZ,3
D] V 3 D [ G LGP V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S
29
A_y$drZL$p
ViIMC;14 l;1N3NLS1]X3 XCLNP V:;,FDM

V1 , I3 S ] D 3 IF D,F9 V [ S T<,FlC,3
DMSL2DLG OL CFh7,3 DS1FlDX3 XZLOP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D3 IF D,F9V[ST
ZA3lA,3 D]C14N[SL2G A[ S1A3lZ,3 C1];I3G[
V1,I3lC;3 ;,FDP V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D3
lDgGL VANG3 DF ASL2TM J AS[2I,3
,I3,M JG3 GCFZ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
Apl dlp_ R>, Apl OZp dlp_
R> A_ s_u ikp A_L$ R>. khpf kpS>
s_u sysu L$fpsu fl R>.
kh hMpZ Apl_p dpV$ R> S>Z Ap
30
A_y$drZL$p
(qTepfs `Y$hp) dpV$ Adpfu rlv$pes L$fu

A_ Ad L$v$u rlv$pes _ `pds s Adpfu
rlv$pes _ L$fs. MfMf Apl_p
èNbfp lL$ hps gpep.
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae Apl_p
fk|g k.A.h., kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p _bu, kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae
Mpsdybueu_, kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae
èNbfp_p kfv$pf, kgpd \pe Ap` `f
Ae Apl_p lbub A_ kgpd \pe
Ap` `f Ae Adug dpAd_u_, kgpd
\pe Ap` `f Ae hkuAp_p kfv$pf.
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae Aby Aqv$pl,
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae vy$r_epcf_u
uAp_p ApNhp_ apsdp Tlfp k.A._p
31
A_y$drZL$p
`y. kgpd \pe Ap` `f A_ Ap`_p

hi_p Bdpdp `f, kgpd \pe Ap` `f
Ae Adug dpAd_u_ A.k._p hpfk.
kgpd \pe Ap` `f sd sv$_ kpQp A_
iluv$ R>p. kgpd \pe Ap `rh dlv$ `f
fMhpmu L$fhp r_eyL$s L$fpAgp aqfspAp
`f. kgpd \pe Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u
L$bf_u Apk`pk hsym b_phu Dcgp
aqfspAp Ap` `f. kgpd \pe Ap` `f
ldip ldip S>ep kyû ly hsp fly A_
Ap qv$hk A_ fps bpL$u fl. Apl_u
flds A_ s_u bfL$sp kv$p Dsfsu fl.
32
A_y$drZL$p
`R>u `fipm_p bu v$fhp `pk

`lpQ A_ L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VAF

V1A3lN<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
Z;}l,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1A3NMS JA3GM
V1A3N[S JA3GM VDT[S,3 DMlS1Z3ZM lAZ3
lZS14S2[ JT3 TFZ[SMl,,3 B2[,FO[ V1,I3S]D3
J,3 DMJF,L ,[ J,LiI[S]D3 J,3 DMVF1NL
,[ V1N}jJ[S]D3 S1;1N C1ZDS J;3THFZ A[
DX3CN[S J TS1Z3ZA .,I3S A[ S1;14N[SP V
VN3BM2,M IF Z;},<,FC V VN3BM2,M IF
GALiI<,FC V VN3BM2,M IF VDLZ,3
33
A_y$drZL$p
D]V3D[GLG V VN3BM2,M IF ;iI[N,3

J;2LiILG V VN3BM2,M IF OFT2[DTM
;iI[ N T[ lG;F9 . ,3 VF1 , DLG V
VN3 B M2 , M IF DJ3 , FI IF VAF
V1A3lN<,FC V VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI
IA3G Z;}l,<,FCP
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae Abp
A[v$pl, kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p afTv$, kgpd
\pe Ap` `f Ae Adug dpAd_u_
A.k._p afTv$ Ap`_p Ap Nygpd,
Ap`_p Nygpd_p `y, Ap`_u L$_uT_p
v$uL$fp, Ap`_u Nygpdu_p huL$pf L$f R>. ly
34
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_u rh_u v$fL$ hps s v$J Ry>.

Ap`_p v$psp_ v$ps fpMy Ry> A_
Ap`_p vy$d_p\u vy$d_u fpMy Ry>. Ap`_p
lfd_p L$v$ L$ Ry>. Ap`_p fpTpdp
Apifp gJ Ry> A_ Ap`_p S> dL$kv$\u
Ap`_u r_L$V$sp dmhy Ry>.
Ae Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. iy
d_, Av$f v$pMg \hp_u f R> ? Ae
Agpl_p _bu d_ v$pMg \hp_u f R>
? Ae Adug dpAd_u_ A.k. iy ly
Av$f v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry>>? Ae hkuAp_p
kfv$pf d_ v$pMg \hp_u BTs R> ?
Ae rh_u uAp_u kfv$pf S>_pb
kev$p kgp. iy ly Ap fpTpdp v$pMg \B
35
A_y$drZL$p
iLy$ Ry> ?>Ae ApL$p, Ae Abp

A[v$pl iy ly Av$f Aphu iLy$ Ry> ?
Ae ApL$p Ae Apl_p fk| g
k.A.h._p afT$v$, d_ f Ap`p sp ly
Av$f hi L$.
Apd L$lu lfddp v$pMg \pe Ap
kde qv$gdp _dsp A_ ApMpdp Apky
Aphu e sp kd L$ v$pMg \hp_u f
dmu NB.
`R>u L$l :
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 JFC[2lN,3

VC1lN,3 OZ3lN;14 ;1DlN,3 ,hL8 CNFGL ,[
lJ,FIT[S J B1:1;1GL A[ lhIFZT[S J
36
A_y$drZL$p
;C3C, ,L S1;14NSP
sdpd hMpZ A Apl_ gpeL$ R>,
S> AL$ R>, AL$gp R>, AX$ R>, b`fhp
R>, S>Z d_ Ap`_u dlpbs_u fZp
Apù A_ Ap`_u qTepfs_p Mpk dpL$p
Apep A_ dpfp ee_ Apkp_ b_phu
v$u^p.
37
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
qTepfs hpfkp
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF JFZ[;7 VFND
;1O3JlT<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
JFZ[;7 G}lC2G3 GALI3lI<,FCP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF JFZ[ ; 7 .A3 Z FCLD
B1,Ll,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
JFZ[;7 D};F S,LlD<,FCP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF JFZ[;7 .1;F ~lC2<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF JFZ[;7 DMC1dDlNG3
C1ALlA<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
JFZ[ ; 7 VDLlZ,3 D] V 3 D [ G LG
J,LiIL<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
38
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
IA3G DMC1dDN[lG,3 D];14T1OFP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S IA3G V1,LiI[lG,3 D]Z3ThF1P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G OFT2[DTh3
hC3ZF9VP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
B1NLHT],3 S]A3ZFP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;F7Z<,FC JA3G ;F7Z[CL J,3 lJT3Z,3
DJ3T}ZP VX3CNM VgGS S1N3 VS1D3T;14
;1,FT J VFTI3Th3 hSFT J VDZ3T
lA,3 DV14~O[ J GCI3T V1lG,3 D]G3SZ[ J
VT1V14T<,FC J Z;},C} C1tTF VTFS,3
ISL2 G M O ,V1 G <,FCM pdDTG3
S1T,T3S J ,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3
39
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
h5,DT3S J ,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3

;D[V1T3 A[ hF7,[S O Zh2[IT3 A[CP IF
DJ3,FI IF VAF V1A3lN<,FCP VX3CNM
VgGS S]G3T G}ZG3 lO,3 V;14,FlAX3
XFD[B1T[ J,3 VZ3CF1lD,3 DMT1C3CZT[ ,D3
TMGH3lH;3S,3 HFC[,LiITM A[
VG3HF;[CF J ,D3 T],3lA;3S lDD3
D]N3,lCdDFT[ l;7IFA[CF J VX3CNM
VgGS lDG3 NVF29V[lDN3 NLG[ J
VZ3SFlG,3 D]V3D[GLG J VX3CNM
VgGS,3 .DFD],3 AZ3~T3 TSL2iI]Z3
ZhL2iI]h3 hSLiI],3 CFlN,3 DC3lNiIM J
40
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
VX3CNM VgG,3 V.dDT lDG3 J],3N[S

S,[DT]T3 TS14JF J VV14,FD],3 CMNF J,3
p2Z4JT],3 J];14S1F J,3 C1]H3HTM V1,F
VC3lN,3 N]G3IF$ J pX3C[N]<,FC J
D,F9V[STC} J VD3A[I9FVC} J ZM;M,C}
VgGL A[S]D3 D]V3D[G]G3 J A[ .IFA[S]D3
D}S[2G}G3 A[ XZFI[V[2 NLGL J B1JFTLD[
V1D,L J S1,3AL ,[ S1,3A[S]D3 l;,3D]G3 J
VD3 3 Z L ,[ VD3 Z [ S ] D 3 D] t TA[ p 2 G 3
;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3S]D3 J V1,F9
VZ3JFC2[S]D3 J V1,F VH3;FN[S]D3 J V1,F
VH3;FD[S]D3 J V1,F XFC[N[S]D3 J V1,F
41
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
UF92V[A[S]D3 J V1,F hF5C[Z[S]D3 J V1,F

AFT[2G[S]DP
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Apv$d
kauDpl_p hpqfk. kgpd \pe Ap` `f
_|l _buDpl_p hpqfk. kgpd \pe
Ap` `f Bbplud Mgugypl_p hpqfk.
kgpd \pe Ap` `f d|kp L$gudypl_p
hpqfk. kgpd \pe Ap` `f Bkp
lypl_p hpqfk. kgpd \pe Ap` `f
Apl_p lbub dpldv$ k.A.h._p
hpqfk. kgpd \pe Ap` `f Adug
dpAd_u_ A.k._p hpqfk. kgpd \pe
Ap` `f dpldv$ k.A.h._p afTv$.
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ague dysTp
42
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
A.k._p afTv$. kgpd \pe Ap` `f

apsdp Tlfp k.A._p afTv$. kgpd \pe
Ap` `f Mv$uS>syg Ly$bp k.A._p afTv$.
kgpd \pe Ap` `f S>_p M|__p bv$gp
Apl gi, A_ Ahp iluv$_p afTv$ L$
S>_p M|__p bv$gp Apl gi, A_ S>
AL$gp A_ AgN `X$u Nep.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ biL$ Ap` _dpT
L$ped L$fu, TL$ps A`Z L$fu, _L$u_p
L$pdp_u cgpdZ L$fu A_ b|fpB_p L$pdp\u
fpL$ep A_ Apl A_ s_p fk|g_u
spbv$pfu dey Aph ep kyû L$fu. sp
Apl gp_s L$f A gpL$p `f S>Z Ap`_
iluv$ L$ep. Apl gp_s L$f A gpL$p `f
43
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
S>Z Ap` `f Tyd L$ep A_ Apl_p

p` lpe A gpL$p `f S>dZ Ap`_u
ilpv$s rhi kpcey A_ Myi \ep.
Ae dpfp ApL$p, Ae Ab|
Aqv$pl ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap`
Ap`_p hX$ugp_p hi`f`fpdp _|f lsp,
A_ `rh Ncpdp `Z, Ap`_ Aop_sp
cfu Nv$L$u AX$u _\u A_ s_p hp
sdpfp `f `X$R>pep L$fu _ iL$ep. ly Nhplu
Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` v$u__p \c R>p, A_
dpAd_u_p_p Ap^pf R>p, A_ ly Nhplu
Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` _L$, `flTNpf Apl_u
My_yv$u `f Myi fl_pfp, `rh d_hpmp
A_ rlv$pes L$f_pfp Bdpd R>p. ly kpnu
44
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap`_p hidp \Agp Bdpdp

b^p `flTNpf, rlv$pes_p r_ip_p A_
dS>b|f fku (b^p_ dlpbs_p
b^_dp bp^_pfu) R>. vy$r_ephpmp `f
Myv$p_u lyS>S>s (`|fphp) R>.
A_ ly Nhpl b_phy Ry> Apl_ s_p
aqfspAp_, s_p _buAp_ s_p fk|gp_ L$
ly Ap` `f Bdp_ fpMy Ry> A_ d_ Ap`_u
hpsp `f `|fu Mpu R> L$ dp `pRy> afhy
v$u__p ifuAs dyS>b li A_ dpfp L$pep
Ap`_ A_ykfu_ li, dp qv$g Ap`_p
rv$g kp\ dmgy li A_ dpfp L$pdp Ap`_p
lyL$dp dpZ li. Apl_u flds \pe
Ap` `f, Ap`_u l `f, Ap`_p ifufp
45
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
A_ Ap`_p v$lp `f, Ap`_u lf lf hps

`f A_ v$fL$ Ny hps `f, Ap`_p lpS>f
`f A_ Ap`_p Npeb `f.
`R>u Tful_ hmNu Q|d ApMp\u
gNpX$ A_ L$l :
A[ VAL VG3T J pdDL IA3G

Z;}l,<,FC A[ VAL VG3T J pdDL IF
VAF V1A3lN<,FC , S1N3 V1hM6DlTZ3
ZhLiITM J H<,lT,3 DM;L2ATM A[S
V1,I3GF J V1,F HDLV2[ VC3l,;3
;DFJFT[ J,3 VZ3h[2 O ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 V;3ZHT3 J V,3HDT3 J
TCiIT3 ,[ lS1TF,[S$ IF DJ3,FI IF
46
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
VAF V1A3lN<,FC S1;1N3TM C1ZDS J

VTI3TM .,F DX3CN[S V;3V,]<,FC
lAX3 XV3lG,3 ,hL8 ,S .1G3NC} J lA,3
DC1,3l,,3 ,hL8 ,S ,NI3C[ VG3
IM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlN\J3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VG3 IH3V1,GL DV1S]D3
lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZCP
Ae fk|g Myv$p k.A.h._p afTv$,
dpfp dp-bp` Ap` `f rav$p \pe, Ae
Abp A[v$pl lyk_ A.k. dpfp dpbp` Ap` `f Ly$fbp_ \pe. Adpfp `f
A_ S>du_ s\p Apkdp_ `f fl_pfp
sdpd gpL$p `f Ap`_u dykubs OZu dpV$u
47
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
\B NB A_ Ap`_u dykubs Adpfp dpV$

vy$:Mv$peL$ R>. Apl gp_s L$f A gpL$p `f
S>Z Ap`_y M|_ L$fhp `psp_p OpX$pAp_
kep. gNpdp L$ku A_ sepf \ep.
Ae dpfp dp g p, Ae Abp
A[v$pl, d Ap`_p lfd_u qTepfs_p
Bfpv$p L$ep R> A_ Ap`_p fpTp `f lpS>f
\ep Ry>. ly Al] Apl\u vy$Ap L$$ Ry> L$
Ap`_u S> ip_ Apl `pk R> s_p
hpsp\u A_ Ap`_y \p_ S> s_u `pk R>
s_p hpsp\u L$ Apl dpldv$ k.A.h.
A_ Apg dpldv$ k.A.h. `f vy$v$
_pqTg L$f A_ dpfp kNp\ vy$r_ep A_
ApMfsdp Ap`_u kp\ L$f.
48
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
`R>u b fL$ps _dpT Av$p L$f A_

S>_pb kev$p k.A._u sbul `Y$
`R>u L$l :
V<,FC]dD .gGL ;1<,I3TM J

ZSVT41M J ;HNT3M ,S JCN41S ,F XZLS
,S ,[ VgG;41 ;,
1 FT JZ3 ~SV
} 1 J;3
;MHN} ,F ISG
} M .<,F ,S ,[ VgGS
VGT3<,FCM ,F .,FC .<,F VGT3P
V<,FCd]D ;<1,[ V,
1 F DMCd1DlNJ3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VA3l,U14C]D3 V1gGL
VOh
3 ,
1 ;3 ;,FD[ JT3 TCLi2IT[ JZN3N]3
V,
1 iI lDGC3MD;
] 3 ;,FDP V<,FCd]D J
CFTFlGZ3 ZSV
3 T1FG[ CN1LiITD]3 lDgGL
49
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
V,
[ F DJ,
3 FI,3 C;
1] Il3GAG
3 [ V,
1 LIl3IG3
V,
1 IC3D[;3 ;,FDP V<,FCd]D ;<1,[
V,
1 F DMCd1DlNJ3 J V,
1 IC3[ J TSa1A,3
lDgGL JV3H]Z3GL V1,F hF7,[S A[
VOh
3 ,
1 [ VD,L J ZHF.9 OLS J OL
J,LiIS[ IF J,LI,3 DV
] D3G
[ LGP3
Ae Apl, d spfu Mpsf Ap
_dpT `Y$u, A_ L|$A s\p rkS>v$pAp
L$ep sy AL$ R> spfp L$pB cpNuv$pf _\u.
AV$g _dpT, L|$A A_ rkS>v$p spfp
rkhpe L$pB_p dpV$ AT _\u. L$pfZ L$
sy S> Apl R>p A_ spfp rkhpe L$pB
Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u.
50
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs hpfkp
Ae Apl dpldv$ k.A.h. A_

Apg dpldv$ A.k. `f vy$v$ dpL$g A_
sd_ dpfp $dp $ kgpd A_ v$$v$
`lpQpX$ A_ sd_p sfa\u dpfp kgpd_p
S>hpb d_ dmhu v$. Ae Apl dpfu
Ap b fL$ps _dpT dpfp ApL$p lyk_ B_
Agu A.k._ lqv$ep L$$ Ry>. Ae Apl
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg dpldv$
A.k. `f flds _pqTg L$f A_ dpfp Ap
Adg L$b|g L$fu g A_ d_ dpfp Adg,
dpfu Apip A_ dpfu Dduv$\u `Z h^pf
A_p bv$gp Ap`, S> Apip d_ spfp\u
R>, spfp hgu\u R> S> b^p dpAd_u_p
hgu\u R>.
51
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Agu AL$bf A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs Agu AL$bf

A.k._u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G Z;}l,<,FCP
V;3 ; ,FDM V1 , I3 S IA3 G
GALI3lI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IA3G VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G OFT[2DTh3 hC3ZF9V[
;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G,3 C1];I3lGX3 XCLNP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCX3 XCLNM
JA3G]X3 XCLNP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMC,3 Dh54,}DM JA3G],3 Dh54,}DP
52
A_y$drZL$p
,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 S1T,T3S J

,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 h5,DT3S J
,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 ;D[V1T3 A[ hF7,[S
O Zh[2IT3 A[CP
Ae Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p
afTv$ Ap` dpfp kgpd \pe. Ae
Apl_p _bu_p afTv$ Ap` `f dpfp
kgpd \pe. Ae Adug dpAd_u_
A.k._p afTv$ Ap` `f dpfp kgpd
\pe. Ae rh_u uAp_u kfv$pf
S>_pb Tlfp kgp._p afTv$ Ap` `f
dpfp kgpd \pe. Ae iluv$ L$fbgp
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p afTv$ Ap` `f
53
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd \pe. Ae iluv$ A_ iluv$_p

afTv$ Ap` `f dpfp kgpd \pe. Ae
dTg|d A_ dTg|d_p afTv$, Ap` `f
dpfp kgpd \pe. Ap`_p L$prsgp `f
Apl gp_s L$f A_ Ap` `f Tyd
L$f_pfp gpL$p `f Apl gp_s L$f A_ A
gpL$p `f `Z L$ S>Z Ap OV$_p kpcmu
A_ s_p `f Myi \ep, sAp `f `Z.
`R>u Tful dybpfL$_ Q|d A_ L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LiI<,FC[

JA3G J,LiI[CL , S1N3 V1hM6DlT,3
DM;L2ATM J H<,lTZ3 ZhLiITM A[S
V1,I3GF J V1,F HDL.1,3 D];3,[DLG O
54
A_y$drZL$p
,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 S1T,T3S J

VA3ZVM .,<,FC[ J .,I3S lDG3C]D3
lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZCP
Ae Apl_p hgu A_ s_p hgu_p
afTv$ Ap` `f dpfp kgpd. MfMf
Adpfp `f A_ b^p dpAdu_p `f
Ap`_u dykubs_p Op dpV$p A_ Ap`_u
bgp_p kv$dp Arsie R>. Apl gp_s
L$f A gpL$p `f S>Z Ap`_ L$sg L$ep A_
ly Apl sfa s\p Ap`_u sfa vy$r_ep
A_ ApMfsdp sAp\u v|$fu Qply Ry>.
55
A_y$drZL$p
sdpd iluv$p_u qTepfs

V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D IF VJ3,[IF9
V<,FC[ J VlC2aAF9VCP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S]D IF V;14O[IF9V<,FC[ J
VlJN3NF9VCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D IF
VG3 ; F1 Z NLlG<,FCP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S]D IF VG3;F1Z Z;}l,<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D IF VG3;F1Z
VDLlZ,3 D] V 3 D [ G LGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S]D IF VG3;F1Z OFT[2DT ;iI[NT[
lG;F9 . ,3 V1 F ,DLGP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S ] D IF VG3 ; 1 F Z VAL
56
A_y$drZL$p
DMC1D3DN[lG,3 C1;lGA3G[ V1,LiI[lG,3

J,LI3lIG3 GF;[2C1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D
IF VG3;F1Z VAL V1A3lN<,FC[ A[ VAL
VG3T]D3 J pdDL lT1A3T]D3 J TF1AlT,3
VZ3h]1<,TL OLCF NMlOG3T]D3 J O]h3T]D3
OJ3hG3 V1hL6DG3 O IF ,I3TGL S]G3TM
DV1S]D3 O VO}h DV1S]DP
Ap` `f Adpfp kgpd lp Apl_p
hguAp A_ s_p dlb|bp. Ap` `f
Adpfp kgpd lp Apl_p Q|V$gp bv$pAp
A_ v$psp. Ap` `f Adpfp kgpd lp
Apl_p v$u__u dv$v$ L$f_pfpAp. Ap`
`f Adpfp kgpd lp Apl_p fk|g
57
A_y$drZL$p
k.A.h._u dv$v$ L$f_pfpAp. Ap` `f

Adpfp kgpd lp Adug dpAd_u_
A.k._u dv$v$ L$f_pfpAp. Ap` `f
Adpfp kgpd lp sdpd Apgdp_u
Apfsp_u kfv$pf S>_pb apsdp Tlfp
k.A._p dv$v$Npf. Ap` `f Adpfp
kgpd lp Abp dpldv$ lk_ B_ Agu
Apl_p hgu A_ _kuls L$f_pfp_p
r_kpfp. Ap` `f Adpfp kgpd lp
Abp A[v$pl Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p
Akpf (kp\uAp). dpfp dp-bp` Ap`
`f r_R>phf \pe. Ap` `rh \B Nep
A_ Ap` S> S>du_dp v$a_ \ep A ^fsu
`Z `pL$ \B NB A_ sd dpV$u L$pepbu
dmhu. ly `Z Ap`_u kp\ lps sp
58
A_y$drZL$p
L$hu dpV$u L$pepbu dmhs.

`R>u Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p rkflp_p
sfa S>B `psp_p dp-bp`, bpg bQp,
cpBAp A_ bu dpAdu_p dpV$ OZu
OZu vy$ApAp dpN L$pfZ L$ Ap` lTfs_p
fpTp_p Ly$bp_u _uQ vy$Ap L$fhphpmpAp_u vy$Ap Ahe L$b|g \pe R>.
59
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA Bdpd lyk_ A.k.

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FIP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1]H3HT<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF l;1O3JT<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF BF1,[;1T<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DMJN3N[.1G3 ,F
;V[lDG3 J,F SF1l,G3 O .G3 VD3h2[ O,F
V1G3 D,F,lTG3 J .G3 VMlS1D3 O,F V1G3
;9}V[ h5G3lGG3 A[DF JV1N<,FC];14
;F1A[ZLG ,F HV1,C]<,FCM VFB[2Z,3
V1C3N[ lDgGL ,[ lhIFZT[S J ZhS1lG,3
V1J3N .,F DxCN[S J,3 DSF1D O[GFV[S
60
A_y$drZL$p
J,3lS1IFD OL C1ZD[S J .iIFCM

V;3V,M V\I3 I];3V[2NGL A[S]D J
IH3V1,GL DV1S]D3 lON3 N]G3IF J,3
VFB[2ZCP
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae dpfp dpgp,
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae Apl_u ly$s,
kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae Apl Q|V$u
gu^gp bv$p, kgpd \pe Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p iy bv$p. kgpd \pe Ap` `f
Ae Apl_p cfpkp`p bv$p. Ap rhv$pe
\_pf_p Ap` `f kgpd. ly _ sp r_fpi
\B_ _ sp \pL$u_ `pR>p J Ry>. ly
S>Bi sp L$V$pmu_ _l] A_ fpL$pBi sp
61
A_y$drZL$p
d_ hNf _l] fpL$pJ L$pfZ L$ Apl kbf

L$fhphpmp\u hpev$p L$ep R>. Ae dpfp
ApL$p, Ap`_u qTepfs dpV$ Apl R>u
qTepfs _ W$fh A_ dpfp dpV$ Al] `pR>p
afhy, Ap`_p lfddp fpL$phy A_ Ap`_p
fpTpdp flhy _kub L$f. A_ ly Apl
`pk A Mpk vy$Ap dpNy Ry> L$ Apl
sApgp Ap`_p hpsp\u dpfu _L$udp
h^pfp L$f A_ vy$r_ep s\p ApMfsdp
dpfp kNp\ Ap`_u kp\ L$f.
`R>u Tful dybpfL$ sfa ùW$ L$ep

hNf `pR>p `N blpf e A_
hpfhpf L$lsp h.
62
A_y$drZL$p
.gGF l,<,FC[ J .gGF .,I3C[

ZFH[p2G J ,F C1J3, J ,F S1]jJT .<,FC
lA<,FlC,3 V1,LI3lI,3 V1hL6DP
Ad Apl_p dpV$ S> R>uA A_ s_u
sfa `pR>p afhp_p R>uA. dlp_ A_ bgyv$
Apl rkhpe L$pB i[s L$ `qfbm _\u.
Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$ A.k. Bfipv$
afdph R> L$ S> L$pB Aphu fus Bdpd lyk_
A.k._u qTepfs bhu gph sp lL$
sApgp s_p v$fL$ `Ngp `f AL$ gpM
_L$uAp gMi A_ AL$ gpM Ny_pl c|ku
_pMi A_ s_ AL$ gpM v$fS>_u bygv$u
Asp L$fi s_u AL$ gpM lpS>sp `|fu L$fi
63
A_y$drZL$p
A_ sdp_u _p_pdp _p_u lpS>s A R> L$

s_ S>ld_u ApN\u ApTpv$ L$fu v$i.
64
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb lbub B_ dTprlf_u qTepfs
S>_pb lbub B_
dTprlf_u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S ViIMC,3
V1AN];14 ;F1,[C1],3 D]TL2VM2 l,<,FC[ J ,[
Z;},[CL J ,[ VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J ,[
OFT2[DTh3 hC3ZF9V[ J,3 C1;G[ J,3
C1];I3G[ V1,I3C[ D]:;,FD V1,3 U1ZLA],3
DMJF;LP VX3CNM VgGS HFCN3T OL
;ALl,<,FC[ J G];14ZT,3 C]1;I3GA3G
lAG3T[ Z;}l,<,FC J JF;I3T[ A[ GO3;[S
Ah7 , 3 T DMC3 H TS O V1 , I3 S
D[G<,FlC;3 ;,FT]D3 TFdDM V:;,FDM
65
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S ViIMC,3 S1D~h3 hFC[ZMP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1ALAA3G
DhF5C[lZ,3 V;NL J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
Ae Apl_p _L$ bv$p Ap` `f dpfp
kgpd lp. Ae Apl_p A_ s_p
fk|g_p A_ Adug dpAd_u_ A.k._p
A_ S>_pb apsdp Tlfp k.A._p A_
Bdpd lk_ A.k. A_ Bdpd lyk_
A.k._p afdpbfv$pf Ap` `f dpfp
kgpd lp Ae `fv$iu dykpaf Ap` `f
dpfp kgpd. ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ MfMf
Ap` S>lpv$ L$ep Apl_p dpNdp A_
66
A_y$drZL$p
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._u hlpgu `yu_p

hlpgp afTv$ lyk_ A.k._u dv$v$ L$fu
A_ Ap` `psp_u _\u sd_p kp\
Apep A_ `psp_u _ sd_p `f
Ly$fbp_ L$fu v$uû Ap` `f Apl sfa\u
k`|Z kgpdsu lp. kgpd lp dpfp Ap`
`f Ae QdL$sp Qpv$, Ae lbub B_
dTprlf Ag-Akv$u A_ Ap` `f
Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp fl.
67
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Bbplud dyb A.k._u qTepfs
S>_pb Bbplud dyb

A.k._u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC;3
;iI[N]h3 hSLiI]T14 TF1C[~,3 J,LiI]N3
NFV[2I],3 B1OLiIMP VX3CNM VgGS IF
DJ3,FI S1],3T C1S14S1J3 J GT1S14T l;1N3S1J3
J NV1J3T .,F DJ3,FI J DJ3,FS,3
C1];I3G[ V1,I3lC;3 ;,FD V1,FG[ITG3
J l;Z3ZG3 OFh D]tTA[VM2S J GHF
D];1N3N[SM2S J BF1A J B1;[Z D]Sh74h8[AMS
J,3 D]TB1<,[OM V1G3S .X3CN3 ,L A[
CFh[8lCX3 XCFNT[ J T;14NLS2[S J
68
A_y$drZL$p
.tT[AFV2[S IF ;iI[NL JA3G ;iI[NL IF

;iI[N .A3ZFlCD DMHFA]A3G,3 .DFD[
D};A3G[ HV14OZ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae kev$, `rh
d_hpmp, hR> Mp_v$p_hpmp, Apl_p
hgu, lL$_p Qpfdp A_lv$ dl_s
L$f_pf. ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ae dpgp,
sd ldip kpQu hps L$lu A_ ldip kpQy
bpep A_ gpL$p_ dpfp A_ Ap`_p
dpgp Bdpd lyk_ A.k. sfa _psep
lfdp A_ Mp_Nudp. S>Z Ap`_u
`fhu L$fu A apev$pdp fp A_ S>dZ
69
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_u kQpB_u Nhplu Apù s _s

`pep A_ Ap`_ S|>W$gph_pf _yL$kp_dp
fp. rhfp^ L$f_pf lpq_ DW$phu. dpfp Ap
AL$uv$p `f Ap` Nhpl fl L$ S>\u
L$epdsdp ly sdpfu dpfas, `fhu A_
Nhplu_p L$pfZ L$pdepb fly. Ae dpfp
kfv$pf, dpfp kfv$pf_p afTv$, Ae kev$
Bbplud Ag dyb B_ d|kp B_
S>Aaf A.k. Ap` `f Apl_u fldsp
A_ bfL$sp Dsf.
70
A_y$drZL$p
lTfs Abpk B_ Agu A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs Abpk B_ Agu

A.k._u qTepfs
lTfs Abpk A.k._p lfd
dybpfL$dp lfd_p `lgp v$fhp `f
`lpQ sp L$l :
V<,FCM VS3AZM SALZF J,3 C1D3NM

l,<,FC[ S;L8 Z F J ;] A 3 C FG<,FC[
A]S3ZTG3 J V;L2,F V,3 C1D3NM
l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8 CNFGF ,[ CFhF7 J DF
S]gGF ,[ GC3TN[I ,J3 ,F VG3
CNFG<,FCM , S1N3 HF9VT3 ZM;M,M
ZaA[GF lA,3 C1S14S1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
71
A_y$drZL$p
IF Z;},<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF

GALiI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
BF1 T DG3 GALiILGP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF ;iI[ N ,3 D] Z 3 ; ,LGP
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF VDLZ,3
D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
VA,3 Oh14l,,3 V1aAF; A3G[ VDLlZ,3
D]V3D[GLG J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
Apl dlp_ R>, A_ Apl_u
ikp A_L$ R>. khpf A_ kpS> s_u
syrs L$fpsu fl R>. sdpd spfua A
Tps_ kTphpf R> L$ S>Z d_ Ap
qTepfs_u rlv$pes L$fu A_ s
72
A_y$drZL$p
rlv$pes _ L$fs sp Ad L$v$u kpQp fs _

QX$ep lp s . Mf M f, Apl_p
èNbfp lL$ hps gB_ Apep. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p fk|g. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p epfp _bu.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae kp\u ApMfu
_bu. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae fk|gp_p
kfv$pf. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adug
dpAd_u_. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Abyg aTrgg Abpk B_ Adug
dpAd_u_ Ap` `f Apl_u fldsp
A_ bfL$sp Dsfsu fl.
`R>u Av$f hi A_ bu
v$fhp `f `lpQu Dcp flu A_ L$l
73
A_y$drZL$p
;,FD]<,FC[ J ;,FDM D,F9V[ST[lC,3

DMS1Z3ZALG J VD3A[IF9V[lC,3 D]Z3;,LG
J V2[AFN[lC;14 ;1F,[CL2G J HDL.1X3
XMCNF9V[ J;14 l;1N3NLSL2G Jh3 hFS[IFT]T14
T1iI[AFTM OL DF TU14TNL J T~CM2
V1,I3S IA3G VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLGP
VX3CNM ,S lAT3 T;3,LD[ JT3 T;14NLS2[
J,3 JO9FV[ JG3 G;L2C1T[ ,[ B1,lOG3
GALI3lI,3 D]Z3;,[ J;3 l;A3lT1,3
D]G3THA[ JN3 N,Ll,,3 VF1,[D[ J,3
J;L2I3lI,3 DMA<,[U2[ J,3 Dh54,}lD,3
D]C3Th1D[ O HhFS<,FCM V1G3 Z;},[CL J
V1G3 VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J V1lG,3
74
A_y$drZL$p
C1;G[ J,3 C]1;I3G[ ;1,3JFT]<,FC[

V1,I3lCD3 VO3h1,,3 HhF9V[ A[ DF
;1AZ3T JC14T;A3T J VV1G3T O G[V14D
p2S14AN3 NFZ[ ,V1G<,FCM DG3 S1T,S J
,V1G<,FCM DG3 h5,DS J ,V1G<,FCM
DG3 HC[, C1S14S1S J;3T B1O3O A[C1]Z3DT[S
J ,V1G<,FCM DG3 CF1, AI3GS J
AI3G DF.,3 OMZFTP VX3CNM VgGS
SM2lT,3T Dh5,}DG3 J VgG<,FC
D]G3H[h]G3 ,S]D3 DF JV1NS]D3 H[V3TMS
IA3G VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG JFO[NG3
.,I3S]D3 J S1,3AL ,S]D3 DM;<,[D]G3 J
VGF ,S]D3 TFA[p2G3 J G];14ZTL ,S]D3
75
A_y$drZL$p
DMV1N3NT]G3 C1tTF IC14SMD<,FCM J CMJ

B1I3~,3 CF1S[DLG O DV1S]D3 DV1S]D3 ,F
DV1 V1N]jJ[S]D3 .gGL A[S]D3 J A[
.IFA[S]D3 D[G,3 D]V3D[GLG J A[ DG3
BF1,OS]D3 J S1T,S]D3 D[G,3 SFO[ZLG
S1T,<,FCM pdDTG3 S1T,T3S]D3 lA,3
VI3NL J,3 V,3;MGP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Apl_p, A_
kgpd lp Ap` `f s_p dyL$fb
aqfspAp_p, A_ _buAp_p A_
fk|gp_p A_ s_p _L$ bv$pAp_p A_
b^p iluv$p_p. kpQpAp_p A_ sd_p
sfa\u Ap`_ khpf kpS> `pL$p `pL$uTp
76
A_y$drZL$p
cV$p dmsu fl. Ae Adug dpAd_u_

A.k._p afTv$.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd _bu
d|fkg_p _iu_ A_ sd_p _hpkp
kp\ hapv$pfu L$fu. sd_u kQpBAp
L$b|g L$fu. sd_p lyL$dp_ dp\ QY$pep.
sd_u hpsp_u Nhplu Apù A_ sd_u
cgpdZ dpZ hep A_ A Bdpd dpV$
S>Ap rh_p flbf R>. Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p hku R> A_ Apl_p lyL$dp_
`lpQpX$_pf R>. S>Ap `f Tyd L$fhpdp
Apep A_ S>d_ kL$V$pdp Ofu ghpdp
Apep. Apl Ap`_ s_p bv$gp Ap`.
`psp sfa\u `psp_p fk|g k.A.h.
77
A_y$drZL$p
sfa\u. Adug dpAd_u_ A.k.

sfa\u. Bdpd lk_ A.k. A_ Bdpd
lyk_ A.k. sfa\u $ bv$gp Ap`
AV$gp dpV$ L$ Ap` ûfS> ^fu. kL$V$p
DW$pep A_ Ap` lTfs_u dv$v$ L$fu. L$hp
Dd bv$gp R> A_ L$hp kpfp As R>.
Apl gp_s L$f Ap`_p L$prsgp `f A_
Apl gp_s L$f Ap`_p `f Tyd L$f_pf
`f A_ Apl gp_s L$f Ap`_p lL$_p
BL$pf L$f_pf `f. Ap`_u BTTs_ lgL$u
NZ_pf `f A_ Apl gp_s L$f A gpL$p
`f S>Ap Ap`_u A_ a|fps_p `pZu_u
hQ ApX$p Apep.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap`_ Tyd hX$
78
A_y$drZL$p
L$g L$fhpdp Apep R> A_ biL$ Apl

`psp_p hpev$p_ `|fp L$f_pf R> S> sZ
Ap`_u kp\ L$ep R>. Ae Adug
dpAd_u_ A.k._p afTv$ ly Ap`_u
rMv$dsdp lpS>f \ep Ry>. Ap`_u
dlfbp_uAp_u Apip kp\. dp qv$g
Ap`_ huL$pfu Q|L$ey R> A_ ly Ap`_p
afdpbfv$pf Ry> A_ ly Ap`_u dv$v$ L$fhp
Qply Ry> ep kyû L$ Apl `psp_p akgp
kpv$f afdph A_ s kp\u $ akgp
L$f_pf R>. bk ly Ap`_u kp\ Ry> sp
Ap`_u S> kp\ Ry> Ap`_p vy$d_p kp\
lfrNS> _rl. MfMf S> gpL$p Ap`_u
kp\ R> s dpAd_u_ R> A_ S> gpL$pA
79
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_p rhfp^ L$ep A_ Ap`_ L$g L$ep

sAp L$paf R>. Apl kh_pi L$f A
gpL$p_ S>Z Ap`_ L$g L$ep. `psp_p
lp\p\u A_ `psp_p hZp\u.
`R>u fpTA AL$v$kdp v$pMg \pe
A_ L$l :
V1A3N];14 ;F1,[C1],3 DMTL2VM2 l,<,FC[ J ,[
Z;},[CL J ,[ VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3
C1;G[ J,3 C]1;I3G[ ;1<,<,FCM V1,I3lCD3
J ;<,DP V:;,FDM V1,I3S J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMC} J DU14O[ZTC} J
lZh14JFGMC} J V1,F ~C2[S J ANG[SP
80
A_y$drZL$p
VXC3NM J pxC[N]<,FC VgGS Dh1I3T

V1,F DF DhF1 A[lC,3 AN3ZLiI}G J,3
DMHFC[ N } G OL ;ALl,<,FlC,3
DMGF;2[C1}G ,C} OL H[CFN[ VV14NF9V[lC,3
DMAF,[U1}G OL G];14ZT[ VJ3,[IF9V[lCh74
hF9 8 a A} G V1 G 3 VlC2 a AF9 V [ C L O
HhFS<,FCM VO3h1,,3 HhF9V[ J
VS3;7Z,3 HhF9V[ J VJ3OZ,3 HhF9V[ J
VJ3OF HhF9V[ VCF1lNG3 lDdDG3 JOF A[
AI3V1T[CL J;3THFA ,C} NV14JTC} J
V1TF1V1 JM,FT VD3Z[CP VX3CNM VgGS
S1N3 AF,U14T lOG3 G;L2C1T[ J VV14T1I3T
UF1IT,3 DH3C}N[ O AV1;7S<,FCM lOX3
81
A_y$drZL$p
XMCNF9V[ J HV1, ~C1S DV1 VZ3JFlC1;3

;MV1NF9V[ J VV14TF1S lDG3 lHGFG[CL
VO3;C1CF DG3h[,J3 J VO3h1,CF
UM2ZOJ3 J ZOV1 lh7S3ZS OL .1<,LiILG J
C1XZS DV1G3 GALiILG J;14 l;N3NLSL2G
JX3 XMCNF9V[ J;14 ;F1,[CL2G J C1;MG
p,F9V[S ZOLSF1P VX3CNM VgGS ,D3
TlCG3 J ,D3 TG3S],3 J VgGS Dh1I3T
V1,F A;L2ZlTD3 lDG3 VD3Z[S D]S14TN[IG3
lA;14 ;F1,[CL2G J D]tTA[V1G3 l,G3
GALiILG O HDV1<,FCM AI3GGF J
AI3 G S J AI3 G Z;} , [ C L J
VJ3,[IF9V[CL OL DGFh[l,,3 D]B14A[TLG
82
A_y$drZL$p
O .gGC} VZ3C1D]Z3 ZFC[2DLGP

kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p _L$
bv$p, Apl_p afdpbfv$pf. s_p fk|g
k.A.h. A_ Adug dpAd_u_ A.k.
s\p Bdpd lk_ A_ lyk_ A.k._p
afdpbfv$pf. Apl_u flds lp Ap`
`f A_ s_p kgpd lp Ap` `f A_
Ap` `f Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp
Dsfsu fl A_ Ap`_p Apdp_ s\p
ifuf_ Apl_u brnk A_ Myi_|v$u
dmsu fl.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> A_ Apl_
Nhpl L$$ Ry> L$ Ap` MfMf Ahy S> L$ey
S>hy bv$f_p dyrlv$pA L$ey lsy A_
83
A_y$drZL$p
Sy>Ap Apl_u fpldp gX$ep lsp A_

r_dm d_ S>lpv$ L$fhphpmp lsp.
Apl_p vy$d_p\u A_ AZ\L$ dl_s
L$fhphpmp lsp Apl_p v$psp_u dv$v$
L$fhpdp A_ s_p v$psp\u vy$d_p_
lV$ph_pf lsp. Apl Ap`_ bv$gp
Ap` $dp $ bv$gp A_ OZp OZp
bv$gp A_ `yL$m `yL$m bv$gp A_
k`|Z bv$gpAhp lL$v$pf dpZk_u S>d
S>Z `psp_u spbv$pfudp hap L$fu A_
Apl_u v$phs_ L$b|g L$fu A_ sd_p
Ad_p hguAp_u `fhu L$fu.
ly Nhplu Ap`y R>y L$ sd r_Mpgksp
`|hL$ L$prii L$fu. Aes dl_s DW$phu
84
A_y$drZL$p
Ap bpbsdp AV$g Apl Ap`_u

NZu iluv$pdp L$f A_ Ap`_u l_ _L$
gpL$p_u lp kp\ fpM A_ Ap`_ s_u
S>spdp\u Ahu rhipm S>s _kub
L$f L$ S>_u dqTgp KQu lpe S>_p
ApfX$pAp $ lpe A_ Ap`_p qT$_
Bue_dp KQp L$f A_ Ap`_y `pRy>
h_ \hy _buAp kp\, kpQpAp, iluv$p
A_ _L$ gpL$p kp\ L$f A_ L$V$gp kyv$f
kp\uAp R> Ap b^p.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ MfMf _ sp sd
Apmk L$fu L$ _ `pR>u `p_u L$fu A_ sd
sdpfp L$pd_ ApNhp_ b_u v$uO [$`|hL$
Ad Apey. _L$ gpL$p_u kp\ dmu_,
85
A_y$drZL$p
_buAp_u `fhudp. Asdp Apl

Adpfp A_ Ap`_p hQ A_ `psp_p
fk|g k.A.h. A_ hguAp hQ
Ap`Z_ cNp L$f. A gpL$p_p \p_pdp
S>Ap Apl ApNm rh_dsp v$pMh R>.
MfMf s kp fld L$fhphpmpApdp dpV$p
fld L$fhphpmp R>.
`R>u `pesu sfa Dcp fl A_ L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VA3,

Oh1 4 l ,,3 V1 a AF;A3 G VDLlZ,3
D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
;iI[ l N,3 J;L2 i ILGP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IA3 G VjJl,,3 S1 J 3 D [
86
A_y$drZL$p
.;3,FD\J3 J VS14ND[lCD3 .DFG\J3 J

VS14JD[lCD3 A[ NLlG<,FC[ J VC14JT2[lCD3
V1,,3 .;3,FD[P VX3CNM , S1N3 G;1C14T
l,<,FC[ J ,[ Z;},[CL J,[ VBL2S O
G[V14D,3 VB1],3 DMJF;L O ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 S1T,T3S J ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 h5,DT3S J ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 .;3TC1<,T3 lDG3S,3 DCF1Z[D
JG3TCST3 C]1Z3DT,3 .;3,FD[ O G[V14D;14
;1FA[~,3 DMHFC[N],3 DMCF1DLG3 GF;[2ZM J,3
VB1]N3 NFO[VM2 V1G3 VBL2lC,3 DMHLAM
.,F TF1V1T[ ZaA[lCZ3 ZFU2[AM OLDF hC[N
OLC[ U1I3ZMC} D[G;74 ;JFlA,3 HhL,[ J;74
87
A_y$drZL$p
;GF9.,3 HDL,[ J V,3C1S1S<,FCM A[

NZHT[ VFAF9V[S OL HgGFlTG3 G.1D[P
V<,FC]dD .gGL TV1Z3Zh14TM ,[ lhIFZT[
VJ3,[IF9V[S ZU14ATG3 OL ;JFA[S J
ZHF9VG3 ,[ DU14O[ZT[S J HhL,[
V[C14;FG[S O V;3V,MS VG3 TM;1<,[I
V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[lCT14 TF1C[ZLG J
VG3 TH3V1, lZh3SL2 A[lCD3 NF9Z3ZG3 J
V1I3XL A[lCD3 S92Z3ZG3 J lhIFZT[ A[lCD3
DS14A},TJ3 J C1IFTL A[lCD3 T1iI[ATG3
J VN3 l ZH3 G L .N3 Z FH,3 D] S 3 Z DLG
JH3V1,3GL lDdDG3 IG3S1,[AM lDG3
lhIFZT[ DXFC[N[ VlC2aAF9V[S D]O3,[C1G3
88
A_y$drZL$p
D]G3H[C1G S1lN;3TJ3HA U1]O3ZFGh74

hM8G}A[ J ;T3Z,3 VM2I}A[ J SX3O,3
SM~A[ .gGS VC3,]T3 TS14JF J VC3,],3
DU14O[ZCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Abyg
aTrgg Abpk Adug dpAd_u__p
afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae hkuAp_p
kfv$pf `y. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae A
byTyN lsu_p `y S>dZ kp\u `lg
Bgpd L$b|g L$ep. S>Ap Bdp_ gphhpdp
kp\u ApNm R> A_ v$u_ `f L$ped
fl_pfpApdp kp\u h^pf R> A_ kp\u
h^pf Bgpd_p fnL$ R>. ly Nhplu Ap`y
Ry> L$ biL$ Apl_p bpfpdp Ap`
89
A_y$drZL$p
r_Mpgksp v$pMhu A_ s_p fk|g

k.A.h. A_ `psp_p cpB_p kb^dp
`Z r_hp\ fp A_ `psp_p cpB_ L$hp
kfk s_ A_ d$_\u kp\ Apep. Apl
gp_s L$f A gpL$p `f S>ApA Ap`_
L$g L$ep A_ gp_s L$f A gpL$p `f
S>ApA Ap`_u ApbAp_y ep_ _
fpey A_ Ap`_ L$g L$fu_ Bgpd_u
Apb$_ bfbpv$ L$fu v$uû. Ap` L$hp
$ ûfS>hp_ R>p. L$hp dlp_ dyrlv$
R>p A_ `psp_p cpB_p $ sfav$pf A_
dv$v$Npf R>p. `psp_p cpB_p kL$V$p_ v|$f
L$f_pf R>p. Apl_u afdpbfv$pfu_p
L$b|g L$f_pfpR>p A_ A L$pddp fk
bsph_pf R>p S> buApA s v$u^y
90
A_y$drZL$p
AV$g L$ AM|V$ khpb A_ kyv$f hMpZ_p

L$pd_. Apl Ap`_ Ap`_p bp`v$pv$p_ S>sdp_p KQp v$fS>Apdp
cmh.
Ae Apl, khpb_u ApipAp
kp\, spfu dNafs_u sdpdp A_ spfp
Alkp_ A_ ApfT| kp\ ly spfp
hguAp_u qTepfs_p BRy>L$ Ry>. ly
spfp\u khpg L$$ Ry> L$ dpldv$ k.A.h.
A_ sd_u `pL$ Apgpv$ `f vy$v$ dpL$g,
A_ sd_p kv$L$ dpfu fp_ blpmu L$f
A_ dpfp kyM_ L$ped fpM A_ sd_p
\L$u dpfu qTepfs L$b|g L$f A_ sd_p
kv$L$ dpfp h__ `rh b_phu v$ A_
d_ s L$fd afdpAp_p fsp `f Qgph
91
A_y$drZL$p
A_ dpfu NZ_p spfp v$psp_p dTpfp_u

L$pdepb qTepfs L$f_pfpApdp L$f,
S>d_u qTepfsp L$b|g \pe R>, S>d_p
Ny_plp b$npB Nep R>, S>d_p Abp_ sy
Ry>`phu g R> A_ S>d_p vy$:Mp_ sy V$pm R>
MfMf sy A gpeL$ R> L$ spf\u X$fhpdp
Aph A_ spfp\u dpau_u Dduv$
bp^hpdp Aph.
`R>u b fL$ps _dpT `Y$ A_
A_ `R>u Ap dyS>b vy$Ap dpN :
V<,FC]DD ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J

VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 .,FCL A[ VB:1;[2
l;1OFT[S J A[ .1h3h[ H,F,[S J A[
92
A_y$drZL$p
V1h5DT[ V;3DF9V[S J A[ .1;14DT[

VD3A[IF9V[S J A[ G}Z[ VJ3,[IF9V[S J A[
ND[ XMCNF9V[S J A[ N]VFV[ ;M2,C2F9V[S
J A[ D]GFHFT[ OMS1ZF9V[SP V<,FC]D
.gGL V;3V,MS lhIFNTG3 lO,3 .1,3D
J ;2[C3C1TG3 lO,3 lH;3D J AZSTG3 lOZ3
lZh3S1 J T1],G3 lO,3 p2D3Z J TJ3ATG3
S1A3,,3 DJ3T J ZFC1TG3 .1G3N,3 DJ3T J
GHFTD3 D[gGFZ J NMB1],G3 lO,3 HgGT
J VF1O[ITD3 lDG3 S]<,[ A,F.N3 N]G3IF J
V1hF7lA,3 VFB2[ZCP .,FCL V1D,MGF
S1,L,\]J3 J CF1HFTMGF S;L8ZT]J3 J VG3T
VF1,[D]G3 A;L2~G3 ZaA[ D:;G[I1h3
93
A_y$drZL$p
h1]Z3ZM J VG3T VZ3C1D]Z3 ZFC2[DLGP

V<,FC]dD A[ C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlNJ J
VG3T,3 DC14D}N J A[ C1S14S2[ V1,LI3lIG3 J
VG3T,3 VV14,F A[ C1S14S2[ OFT2[DT J
VG3T OFT2[~:;DFJFT[ J,3 VZ3h2[ J A[
C1S14lS2,3 C1;G[ J VG3T,3 D]C14;[G J A[
C1S14lS2,3 C]1;I3G[ J VG3T S1NLD],3
V[2C3;FG J;3TlHA3 N]V92F. JS14h[2
CF1HFTL$ A[ ZC14DT[S IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC2[DLGP
Ae Agpl, sy flds _pqTg L$f
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg dpldv$
A.k. `f Ae Agpl spfu Mpk
rhijsp_p hpsp, spfu BTs A_
94
A_y$drZL$p
L$urs_p hpsp, spfp _pdp_u dpV$pB_p

hpsp, spfp _buAp_u `pL$uTNu_p
hpsp, spfp hguAp_p _|f_p hpsp,
spfp iluv$p_p M|__p hpsp, spfp _L$
bv$pAp_u vy$Ap_p hpsp A_ spfp
aL$ufp_p L$fNfhp_p hpsp. Ae Agpl
MfMf ly spfp\u khpg L$ Ry> L$ dpfp
Bddp h^pfp L$f. dpfu svy$fsu bpL$u
fpM. dpfu fpdp h^pfp L$f. dpfu Ddf_
gpbu L$f. dpfp dfhp `lgp dpfu spbp
L$b|g L$fu g A_ d_ dfhpdp fpls Asp
L$f d_ S>ld_u ApN\u bQphu g A_
d_ S>sdp v$pMg L$f. vy$r_ep_u bû
Apasp A_ ApMfs_p ATpb\u d_
95
A_y$drZL$p
kgpds fpM. Ae Apl Adpfp kpfp

L$pdp \pX$p R> A_ Adpfu dpNZuAp OZu
R> A_ sy v$uO[$hpmp A_ ZL$pf R>p.
Ae `pg_lpf, ly OZp _yL$kp_dp Ry> A_
sy b^p fld L$f_pfpAp L$fsp OZp fld
L$fhphpmp R>p. Ae Apl, dpldv$
k.A.h._p hpsp\u A_ sy kp\u h^pf
hMZpeg R>p. lTfs Agu A.k._p
hpsp A_ sy kp\u KQp R>p. S>_pb
apsdp Tlfp k.A._p hpsp\u A_ sy
S>du_ A_ Apkdp__p `v$p L$f_pf R>p.
Bdpd lk_ A.k._p hpsp A_ sy
Alkp_ L$fhphpmp R>p. Bdpd lyk_
A.k._p hpsp A_ sy k_ps_ cgpB
96
A_y$drZL$p
L$fhphpmp R>p. dpfu Ap vy$Ap_ L$b|g L$fu

g. dpfu dpNZuAp `|fu L$f. spfu
flds_p hpsp Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf.
`R>u rkflp_p ApNm Dcp flp A_
L$lp :
Ae Agpl dpldv$ k.A.h. `f
v$yv$ dpL$g A_ Ap dp_hs \m,
L$urshp_ S>ep `f dpfp L$pB N_ypl_
bnep rh_p dpfp fS>_ v$|f L$ep rh_p,
dpfu budpfu_ riap Apep rh_p, dpfp
Ab
p_ R>y`pep rh_p, dpfu fp
_
blpm
u L$ep rh_p, dpfp X$f_ v$|f L$ep rh_p,
dpfu `fip_u_ v$|f L$ep rh_p, dpfp cv$p_y
97
A_y$drZL$p
fnZ L$ep rh_p, A_ s_ dpfu _S>v$uL$

L$ep rh_p _ fpMS> A_ dpfu v$yr_ep A_
ApMfs_u bû lpS>sp_ S>dp sy fp lp
A_ S>dp dpfu cgpB lpe s_ `f|u L$ep
rh_p _ R>pX$S>. Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp
kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf.
(`R>u vy$Ap dpN BipApl S>f
L$b|g \i.)
S>epf `pR>p afhp_y \pe sp Tful
dybpfL$_u _S>v$u$L$ e A_ Dcp flu Ap
dyS>b rhv$pA L$f :
98
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA lTfs Abpk A.k. B_ Agu A.k.
rhv$pA lTfs Abpk

A.k. B_ Agu A.k.
V;3TJ3N[VM2S<,FC J V;3TZ3.1S J
VS14ZVM V1,I3S;3 ;,FD VFDgGF
lA<,FC[ J A[ Z;},[CL J A[ lSTFA[CL J
A[ DF HF9V A[CL lDG3 .1G3lN<,FC[
V<,FC]dD OS3T]A3GF DV1X3 XFC[NLG
V<,FC]dD ,F TH3V1,3C} VFB2[Z,3 V1C3N[
lDG3 lhIFZTL S1A3Z A3G[ VBL2 Z;},[
;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[ J VF,[CL JZ3h]S14GL
lhIFZTC} VANG3 DF VA3S1I3TGL
JC14X]Z3GL DV1C} J D1V VFAF9V[CL lO,3
99
A_y$drZL$p
lHGFG[ J V1Z3lZO3 AI3GL J AI3GC} J

AI3 G Z;} , [ S J VJ3 , [ I F9 V [ S P
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J TJO3OGL V1,,3
.DFG[ A[S JT3 T;14NLS[2 A[ Z;},[S J,3
lJ,FIT[ ,[ V1 , LI3 l IA3 G [ VAL
TF1,[lAG3 J,3 V.dDT[ lDG3 J],3N[CL
V1,I3C[]D;3 ;,FDM J,3 AZF9VT[ lDG3
V1N}jJ[lCD3 O .gGL S1N3 ZhL2TM IF ZaAL
A[ hF7,[S J ;1<,<,FCM V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3
J VF,[ DMC1dDNP
ly Ap`_ Apl_ kp`y Ry> A_ s_p
fnZdp Ap`y Ry> A_ Ap`_ kgpd L$ly Ry>
100
A_y$drZL$p
ly Bdp_ gpep Ry> Apl `f, s_p fk|g

k.A.h. `f, s_u qL$spb (Ly$fAp_
ifua) `f, A_ v$fL$ A hsy `f S> s_p
sfa\u fk|g k.A.h. gpep. Ae
Apl, sy d_ (Ap dpZ) Nhplu
v$_pfpApdp gMu g. Ae Apl dpfu
Ap qTepfs_ ApMfu qTepfs _ W$fhS>,
spfp fk|g k.A.h._p cpB_p `y_u
L$bf_u qTepfs A_ d_ sy sd_u
qTepfs ldip _kub L$f S>ep kyû ly
hsp fly A_ dpfp kp\ sd_u kp\ A_
dp `pRy> hs \hy sd_p bp`-v$pv$pAp
kp\ S>sdp L$f, A_ dpfu A_ sd_u
hQ A_ spfp fk|g k.A.h. A_ sd_p
hguAp hQ dpfu ApmMpZ L$fu v$. Ae
101
A_y$drZL$p
Apl dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg

dpldv$ A.k. `f v$v$ dpL$g A_ dp
dey spfp `f Bdp_ kp\, A_ spfp
fk|g_ kpQp dp_hp kp\ L$f A_ Agu
B_ Abu sprgb A.k._u rhgpes
A_ sd_p hi_p Bdpdp `f Bdp_ kp\
L$f. sd_p `f kgpd lp, A_ ly sd_p
vy$d_p\u v|$fu Qply Ry>. biL$ ly Ap hps
`f fp Ry> A_ dpldv$ k.A.h. A_
Apg dpldv$ k.A.h. `f v$v$ dpL$g.
`R>u Tful_ Q|d ApMpA gNpX$ A_
dpgp_ ks L$f.
102
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb l|f A.k._u qTepfs
S>_pb l|f A.k._u

qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 V1A3N];14
;1F,[CM2P V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3
D]HFC[N]G3 GF;2[C1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
DG3 JOF lA:;VF1 N lTZ3 ZFV[ C 1 T [
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3 GS1;1
AI3V1T IhLN J ONF A[ ~C[2CL l,,3
C1];I3lGX3 XCLNP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMC,3 AT1,];14 l;1G3lNNP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S ViIMC,3 OFZ[;]X3 X]HFV1P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 AT1,],3
103
A_y$drZL$p
DgGFV1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3

TZS1T3 T]1U14IFG J VTF1V1,3 JFlC2NN3
NiIFG J NB1, OL TF1V1lTZ3 ZC14DFG[ J
ONF A[ ~C[2CL l,,3 C]1;I3lGX3 XCLlN,3
U1ZLlA,3 V1T14XFG[ J ;F1, V1,,3
p2N3JFG[ J CJF ;1ZLV1G3 V1,T3 lTZ3AFG[
J CM2h2[I lA,3 B]1,3N[P J,3 lHGFG[ J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF DG3 ONF A[ GO3;[CL l,A3G[
Z;} l ,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S
D]HFC[NG3 N]GA3lG,3 AT],P V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF DG3 TJO3O[I N]G,3 C1];I3GP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3 ;7AT
104
A_y$drZL$p
l,t1T1V14G[ J h1ZlA;3 ;MI]OP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S J V1,F J,N[S,3 DS14T],3P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3 ASFC],3
C1];I3GM J SF1, DB14TF1TM pDDMS .h74
;dDT3S,3 C1]Z3Z O VG3T C]1Z3~G3 lON3
N]G3IF J ;.1N]G3 lO,3 VFB2[ZT[ O IF
,I3TGL S]G3TM DV1S SDF O]h7T DV1,3
C] 1 ; I3 G [ J V;1 4 C F1 l A,3 C1 ] ; I3 G [
J:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1]Z3ZA3G IhLNZ3
Z[IFCL2 J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
bv$p, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae r_Mpgk
dyrlv$, kgpd lp Ap` `f L$ sd
105
A_y$drZL$p
hapv$pfu L$fu. kgpd lp Ap` `f L$ S>Z

eTuv$_u bAs spX$u _pMu A_ `psp_u
__ Bdpd lyk_ A.k. `f Ly$fbp_ L$fu
v$uû. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae blpvy$f
kfv$pf. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae i|fhuf
OpX$ khpf. kgpd lp Ap` `f S>Z Bdpd
lyk_ A.k. sfa vy$d_p_ Aphsp fpep.
kgpd lp Ap` `f S>ApA bprsg_p
kp\ R>pX$u as Apl_p S> ApopqL$s
fp, A_ fldp__u spbv$pfudp v$pMg
\ep A_ iluv$ A_ epkp lyk_ A.k.
`f `psp_u _ Ly$fbp_ L$fu. T|d_p
kpd_p L$ep, A_ iluv$ \B S>du_ `f
`X$ep A_ S>sdp ldip flhp_u
106
A_y$drZL$p
S>epdp `psp_y \p_ dmey. Apl_u

flds lp Ap` `f A_ s_u bfL$sp
Dsf. kgpd lp Ap` `f S>Z Apl_p
fk|g k.A.h._p afT$v$ `f `psp_u
rS>v$Nu r_R>phf L$fu.
kgpd lp Ap` `f S>dZ apsdp
Tlfp k.A._p qv$L$fp_u lpS>fudp
(vy$d_p\u) S>lpv$ L$ep A_ S>Z Bdpd
lyk_ A.k. kpd v$d spX$ep. kgpd lp
Ap` `f S>Ap cpgp_p dpf A_
sghpf_p Op kpd AX$uMd fp. kgpd
lp Ap` `f A_ Ap`_p iluv$ `y `f,
kgpd lp Ap` `f S>_p ipL$dp Bdpd
lyk_ A.k. fXep A_ L$y L$ sp _pd l|f
107
A_y$drZL$p
fpMhpdp spfu dpA L$pB c|g _\u L$fu

L$dL$ sy vyr_epdp l|f (ApTpv$) R>p A_
ApMfsdp cpeipmu. L$pi (L$v$pQ) ly
`Z sdpfu kp\ lps sp ly `Z sdpfu
kp\ L$pepb \ps S>hu fus (lyk_
A.k.) A_ s_p Aklpbp kp\ sd
L$pepb \ep. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae l|f
B_ eTuv$ qfeplu Ap` `f Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
108
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs

(S>_pb T_b k.A._p afTv$)
S>epf fpT
p_p v$fhp `f `lpQ
sp L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,F Z;}l,<,FC[ ;F1N[lS1,3

VDLGP V:;,FDM V1,F C1]H3HlT<,FC[
V1 , LI3 l IG3 VDLlZ,3 D] V 3 D [ G LGP
V:;,FDM V1,F ;iI[N[GF OFT[2DTh3
hC3ZF9V[ ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP
V:;,FDM V1,,3 C1;G[ J,3 C1];I3G[
;iI[NI3 XAFA[ VC3l,, HgGT[
VH3D.1GP V:;,FDM V1,,3 V.dDlTT14
TF1C[ZLGP V:;,FDM V1,F D,F9V[Sv
109
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
lT<,FlC, D]S1Z3ZALGP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S ViIMCX3 XCLNM OL G];14ZlT,3
C]1;I3G[ V1,I3lC;3 ;,FDP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF V1 J 3 G .A3 G [
V1A3lN<,FlCA3G[ HV14OlZ2T3 T1iIFZ[
VTFV3h7GM ,L lAN3 NMB1},[ .,F
C1ZD[SX3 XZLO[ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp kpQp A_ cfpkp`p
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. `f kgpd lp
Apl_u ly$s Agu B_ Aub sprgb
Adug dpAd_u_ A.k. `f. kgpd lp
Adpfu ilTpv$u lTfs apsdp Tlfp
110
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
k.A. Apgdp_u Apfsp_u kfv$pf `f.

kgpd lp S>s_p sdpd S>hp_p_p
kfv$pfp Bdpd lk_ A.k. A_ Bdpd
lyk_ A.k. `f. kgpd lp `rh Bdpdp
`f. kgpd lp Apl_p _S>v$uL$_p
aqfspAp `f. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u dv$v$dp iluv$
\_pfp.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Ap_ B_
Avy$gpl B_ S>Aaf. d_ f Ap`p
L$ ly Ap`_p lfd dybpfL$dp v$pMg \pJ.
Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp Ap` `f
_pqTg \pe.
111
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
`R>u v$pMg \pe, Tful_ AX$u Dcp

flp A_ L$lp :
V:;,FDM V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 lO,3

VjJ,LGP V:;,FDM V1,F DMC1dDlNG3
lO,3 VFB2 [ Z LGP V:;,FDM V1 , F
DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[lC,3 ,hL8G C]D3 lO,3
D,F.,3 VV14,F J V1,F VG3;F1Z[lC,3
D]HFC[NLG lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZC J
V1 , F XLV1 T [ C [ D ] , 3 OFV[ h LG J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF GF;2 [ Z NLlG<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF GF;[2Z ;iI[N[GF
J GALiI[GF DMC1dDlNG3 Z;}l,<,FCP
112
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF GF;[2Z VDLlZ,3

D]V3D[GLG J,LI3lI<,FCP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF GF;2[Z C1;lGA3G[
V1,LI3lIGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
GF;2[Z VAL V1A3lN<,FlC,3 C]1;I3GP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G OFT2[DTh3
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;M,F,T,3
VB14IFZP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF XCLN,3
C1S14S1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF S1TL,,3
S]O3OFZP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF V1J3G
A3G[ V1A3lN<,FC A3G[ HV14OlZT3 T1iIFZP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF h7Z3 ~T3AlT,3
113
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
VF1,[ICP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G

hI3GAT3 TlS2iICP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF ;.2N$ V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1DLNP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF XCLNP A[ VAL
VG3T J pdDL lT1A3T J TF1AlT,3
VZh]1<,TL OLCF NMlOG3T J O]h3T
OJ3hG3 V1h6LDFP O IF ,I3TGL S]G3TM
DV1S O VO]h DV1S lO,3 lHGFG[
DV1G3 GALI3lIG J;14 l;1N3lNSL2G JX3
XMCNF9V[ J;14 ;F1,[C2LG J C1;MG
p,F9V[S ZOLSF1P V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[lCT14 T1iI[ALGT14
TF1C[ZLGP J V1,F HDL.1,3 VD3A[IF9V[
114
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
J,3 D]Z3;,LG J VJ3;[2IF9V[ C[D],3

D]B14,[;L2G J V1,,3 D,F9V[SlT,3
D]S1Z3ZALG J V[2AFlN<,FlC;14 ;F1,[C2LG
V<,C]D3 DU14lOZ3 l,,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3
D]V3D[GFT[ J,3 D];3,[DLG J,3 D];3,[DFT
V,3 VC14IF9V[ lDG3C]D3 J,3 VD3JFT[
TFA[V1 AI3GGF J AI3GC]D3 lA,3
B1I3ZFT .gGS D]A]N3 NV14JFTP .gGS
SF1h[2I],3 CF1HFT[ .gGS V1,F S]<,[
XI3.G3 S1NLZ$ JS14h2[ C1JFV[HGF J
C1JFV[H,3 DMC14TFG IF ZaA,3
VF1,DLGP
115
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
kgpd lp kp\u `lgp kS>_

dpldv$ k.A.h. `f. kgpd lp dpldv$
k.A.h. S> kp\u ApMf Aph_pf
èNbf R>. kgpd lp dpldv$
k.A.h. `f A_ sd_u Apg `f S>Ap
KQp dL$pd `f R> A_ sd_p dyrlv$
Akpfp `f vy$r_epdp A_ ApMfsdp
A_ sd_p L$pepb riepAp `f Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae v$u__u dv$v$ L$f_pfp.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Adpfp kfv$pf A_
_bu dpldv$ k.A.h. Apl_p fk|g_u
dv$v$ L$f_pfpAp. Ap` `f kgpd lp
Adug dpAd_u_ A.k. Apl_p
hgu_u dv$v$ L$f_pfp. kgpd lp lk_ B_
116
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
Agu A.k._u dv$v$ L$f_pfp `f. kgpd

lp Abp A[v$pl Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u
dv$v$ L$f_pfp `f. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
S>_pb apsdp Tlfp kgp. rh_u
uAp_u kfv$pf_p afTv$. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae _L$ gpL$p_p hiS>. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae ke_u Mpsf iluv$
\_pfp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae L$prafp_p
L$prsg. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Ap_
rb_ Avy$pl B_ S>Aaf sepf.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae KQp dpcp hpmp.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae `flTNpf T_b
kgp._p afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
_L$, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae kip`p,
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae iluv$. dpfp dp117
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb Ap__u qTepfs
bp` Ap` `f rav$p \pe sd `Z `rh

R>p A_ sd S> S>du_dp v$a_ \ep A `Z
`rh R> A_ sd kp\u $ L$pepbu
lprkg L$fu. L$V$gy BRy> L$ ly `Z sdpfu
kp\ lps sp ly `Z L$pepbu `pds A_
S>sdp _buAp, kpQpAp, iluv$p A_
_L$ bv$pAp kp\ sdpfu kNsdp lps.
L$hp kpfp kp\uAp R> Ap gpL$p Ae
Agpl, dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u
`pL$ `rh Apg `f flds dpL$g A_
sdpd Arbep A_ fk|gp s\p hR>
hkuAp A_ Apl_p _S>v$uL$u spdgp
aqfspAp A_ s_p _L$ bv$pAp `f
flds Dspf. Ae Apl, dpa L$fu v$ kh
dprd_ u-`yjp_ A_ kh dykgdp_
118
A_y$drZL$p
dykeb
u-`yjp_ S>Ap hs R> A\hp dey

`pdu Q|L$ep R> sAp_ `Z, A_ Adpfu
A_ sAp_u hQ _L$uAp_p $d Qpgy
fpM. sy vy$ApAp_p L$b|g L$f_pf R>p. sy
BR>pAp_ `|fu L$f_pf R>p. sy v$fL$ hsy
`f Ly$v$fs ^fph R>. Ae rh_p `pg_lpf
Adpfu A_ sdpd dpN_pfpAp_u
BR>pAp `|fu L$f.
dykeb :
(L$pTd_ A_ L$fbgp_u hQ R>.)
L$fbgp\u L$pTd_ S>su hMs bk
A\hp V$nu_p X$pBhf kp\ "dykeb'
S>hp_y _$u L$fhy. dykebdp _uQ
dyS>b_u qTepfsNpl Aphgu R>.
119
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb dyqgd rb_ AL$ug_p afTv$p_u qTepfs
1) lTfs dpldv$ B_ l. dyqgd B_

AL$ug.
f) lTfs Bbplud B_ l. dyqgd B_
AL$ug.
D`fps b iplTpv$p rsagp_ l.
dyqgd (l. dyqgd (A.)_p dpkyd
bpmL$p) _p _pd `Z ApmMpe R>.
S>_pb dyqgd rb_

AL$ug_p afTv$p_u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V,
1 IS3MD IF SZ1]Z3T
V1 I 3 G [ Z;} l ,<,FCP V:;,FDM
V,
1 IS3MDF IF lO,h
3 T7I3 SAlNAG
3 [
V1 d D[ Z;} l ,<,FCP V:;,FDM
120
A_y$drZL$p
V1 , I3 S MDF IF GF;2 [ Z I3 l;A3 T [ 2

Z;}l,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3SMDF
ViIMC;3 ;FAS[FG
1 [ lOxXCFNT[ lDGh
3 L8
ZCD2[[ Z;l},<,FCP V:;,FDM V,
1 IS3MDF
ViIMCX3 XCLNFG[ OL G] ; 1 Z T[
NLlG<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3SMDF
ViIMC,3 Dh,
45 D}FlG,3 ST1L,FG[ A[
VZh
3 2[ SZA
3 ,FVP V:;,FDM V,
1 IS3MDF
ViIMC,3 DMB<1,O[FG[ lDG3 D;
] l3,lD
AG
3 [ VSL,
2 [ lG,3 ST1L,P V:;,FDM
V,
1 IS3MDF ViIMCh47 hA
7 LCF1G[ lDG3
G;,[ .;D3F.,
1 P V:;,FDM V,
1 IS3MDF
ViIMC,3 Ci1IFlG,3 DZh
3 S]FG
1 [ .G
1 N3
121
A_y$drZL$p
ZaAS[MD,3 H,L,P VXC3NM VgGSMDF

HFCNT
3 MDF OL G;
] Z41T[ NLlG<,FC$[ J
CD2[FIT[ .T1Z3T[ Z;l},<,FC$[ CS1S41,
1 3 HC[FN[
O HhFSMD]<,FCM V1G3CM J V1G3
GALiIC[L J VC,
3 A
[ IT3C[L J Vl1G,3
.;,
3 FD[ J VC,
3 C[L VOh
3 ,
1 HhF.X3
XMCNFV[ J VGD3F CMh
2 l]5h;
5 3 ;MVN1FV
9 [
JZO3V1 NZHFlT,3 VTS3I
[2 FV
9 [ J V,3
CS1S1MD<,FCM J .iIFGF A[ CS1S41S[2MDF J
A[ VFAF9V[SMDX3 XMZOF9V[ D[G,3
VDA
3 I
[ FV
9 [ J,3 VJ;
3 I
2[ FV
9 [ JxXMCNFV[
J:;
1 M,
2 CFV
29 [ J C;
1 MG p,FVS[ ZOLSF1 J
,F B1iIAG<,FCM lDG3 CFh[8lC;3
122
A_y$drZL$p
;VF1 N T[ $ J XOFV1 T [ CFp,F9 . X3

XMOVFV
1 [ VFDLG IF ZaA,3 VF,
1 DLG
J:;,FDM V,
1 IS3MDF J ZCD41T<],FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
Ap` b_ (cpBAp) `f kgpd lp
Ae Apl_p fk|g_u ApMp_u W$X$L$.
Ap` `f kgpd lp Ae Apl_p fk|g_p
L$pL$p_p v$uL$fp cpB_p L$g_p V|$L$X$pAp.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p fk|g_p
_hpkp_u dv$v$ L$f_pfpAp. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae sAp L$ S>dZ fk|g_p
kNpApdp\u ilpv$s `pdhpdp `lg L$fu.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae S>d_ L$fbgp_u
123
A_y$drZL$p
S>du_ `f dTg|d iluv$ L$fhpdp Apep.

kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae S>d_p `f
TprgdpA Tyd L$ep. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae S>Ap Apl_u fpldp iluv$ \_pf
dyqgd rb_ AL$ug_p afTv$p R>. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae S>_pb BdpBg A.k.
hi_p b Nmp L$`ph_pfp. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Adf A_ `psp_p `pg_lpf_p
v$fbpfdp\u fp dmh_pfp.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ sd b_A v$u__u
dv$v$dp A_ Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p
Ly$Vy$buS>_p_u sfav$pfudp Ahu gX$pB L$fu
S>hu gX$pB L$fhp_p lL$ R>. Apl sd_
`psp `pk\u A_ `psp_p _bu sfa\u
124
A_y$drZL$p
A_ s_u Algbs sfa\u kpfp bv$gp

Ap`. s\p Bgpd A_ BgpdhpmpAp
sfa\u Ahp kfk bv$gp Ap` S> iluv$p
dpV$ A_ _L$ bv$pAp dpV$ _$u R> A_
dyL$uAp_p dlp_ v$f$pAp Ap`, A_
Apl Ad_ A_ sd_ kp\ dmhu Ap`
sdpfp bp`-v$pv$p_p sy a g dp S>
_buApdp, hkuApdp, iluv$pdp A_ _L$
bv$pApdp ApNhp_ R> A_ sAp L$hp
kfk kp\uAp R> . Apl Ap
Myi_kubu\u A_ Ap b^p cgpdZ
L$fhphpmp_u cgpdZ\u Adp_ dld _
fpM . Apdu_, Ae Apgdu__p
`pg_lpf, Ap` b_ `f kgpd lp A_
Apl_u fldsp s\p bfL$sp Dsf.
125
A_y$drZL$p
SFhD{GGF ZMhFGM GSXM

B
A
L
E
M
N
K
T U
Q
G
126
A_y$drZL$p
L$pTd__p fpTp_u rhNs

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
AFA[ ;SOLIF
AFA[ ;OJL
AFA[ D]ZFN
AFA[ VA] I];]O
AFA[ VDLZ
AFA[ lSa,F
AFA[ ZC[DT
AFA[ C];{G VP;P
AFA[ .DFD[ hDFGF VP;P
AFA[ S]Z[X
Dl:HN[ ;OJL
5ZXF/
X[B D]OLNGL SA|
5ZXF/
;[CG
X[B G;L~LG T];LGL SA|
.DFD DMCdDN TSL VP;PGL SA|
.DFD D};F SFlhD VP;PGL SA|
127
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k. A_ Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._u qTepfs
Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k.

A_ Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u
A.k._u qTepfs
L$pTd_ Ahu `qh S>ep R> L$ S>ep
Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k. A_ Bdpd
dpldv$ sL$u A.k._p dybpfL$ fpTp
Aphgp R>. Ap lTfps_u qTepfs rhi
Ake lv$ukp bep_ L$fhpdp Aphu R>.
V|$L$dp Ap` lTfps_u qTepfs_p khpb
AV$gp S> R> S>V$gp lTfs dpldv$ dysap
k.A.h. s\p Adug dpAd_u_ Agu
A.k. s\p Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs
`Y$hp_p R>. S>epf qTepfs dpV$ S>hp_p
Bfpv$p L$f sp `lgp Nyg L$f, `pL$ A_
hR> L$`X$p `lf A_ Myb| gNpX$.
128
A_y$drZL$p
S>epf lfd_p v$fhp `f `lpQ sp

L$l :
V<,FCM VS3AZM V<,FCM VS3AZ

,F .,FC .<,<,FCM J<,FCM VS3AZ
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FC[ V1,F lCNFIT[CL ,[
NLG[CL JT3 TJ3OLS2[ ,[ DF NVF1 .,I3C[
lDG3 ;AL,[CLP V<,FC]dD .gGS
VS3 Z DM DS1 4 ; 1 } l NG3 J VS3 Z DM
DV3 T LI3 l IG3 J S1 N 3 VTI3 T MS
DMTS1Z3Z[AG3 .,I3S A[ .A3G[ lAG3T[
GALiI[S ;1,JFTMS V1,I3C[ J V1,F
VFAF9V[lCT14 TF1C[ZLG J VA3GF9V[lCT14
T1iI[ALGP V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F
129
A_y$drZL$p
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J ,F

TMB1I3lIA3 ;V14IL J ,F TS14T1V14 ZHF9.
JH3V1,3GL .1G3NS JCG3 lON3 N]G3IF
J,3 VFB[2ZT[ J D[G,3 DMS1Z3ZALGP
Apl dlp_ R>. Apl dlp_ R>.
Apl rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ `p _\u A_
Apl dlp_ R>. sdpd spfua Apl dpV$
R> S>Z `psp_p v$u_ rhi dpNv$i_ Apey
A_ s_p dpN_ NlZ L$fhp_u kv$byq
Apù.
Ae Apl MfMf sy kp\u dp__ue
ee R> A_ kp\u h^pf dp_hs dsg|b R>
A_ ly spfu _S>v$uL$u p L$fhp_p Bfpv$p
fpMy Ry> spfp _bu k.A.h_u `yu_p `y_u
130
A_y$drZL$p
dpfas. sd_p `f spfu fldsp lp A_

sd_p `rh dp-bp`p `f A_ sd_u `pL$
Apgpv$ `f. Ae Apl flds Dspf
dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$ `f A_ dpfu
dl_s_ Am _ S>hp v$S> A_ d_ r_fpi _
L$fS>. d_ spfp sfa\u vy$r_ep A_
ApMfsdp dpcp Asp L$f d_ spfp Mpk
bv$pApdp iprdg L$fu g.
`R>u S>dZp `N lfddp hi A_
L$l :
lA;3lD<,FC[ J lA<,FC[ J OL
;ALl,<,FC[ J V1,F lD<,T[ Z;}l,<,FC[
;1 < ,<,FCM V1 , I3 C [ J VF,[ C LP
V<,FC]dD U14lOZ3,L J,[ JF,[NI0 J,[
131
A_y$drZL$p
HDL.1,3 DMV3D[GLGL J,3 DMV3D[GFTP

v$pMg \pJ Ry> Apl_p _pd\u,
Apl_u dv$v$ hX$, Apl_p dpNdp, A_
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._u Ddsdp
flu_. Ae Agpl d_ A_ dpfp dpbp`_ A_ b^p dp A d _ p A_
dpAd_ps_ bnu Ap`.
`R>u lfd_p v$fhp `f `lpQ A_
L$l :
V:;,FDM V,I3SMDF IF
;iI[NiI IF VF, AI3lT,3 D];14T1OF
VGF V1A3NMSMDF JA3GM V1A3NMSDh74
h7,L,M AI3G INI3SMD,3 D]V14TZ[OM A[
132
A_y$drZL$p
C1S14S2[SMDF HFVSMDF D];3TZD3 A[

lh7dDT[SMDF SF1;[2NG3 .,F C1ZD[SMDF
D]TJH3H[CG3 .,F DSF1D[SMDF
D]TJ:;[,G3 .,<,FC[ TVF1,F A[ SMDF
V VN3BM2,M IF V<,FC V VN3BM2,M IF
Z;} , <,FC V VN3 B M2 , M IF
GALI3I<,FC V VN3BM2,M IF VDLZ,3
D]V3D[GLG V VN3BM2,M IF OFT2[DTh3
hC3ZF9V[ ;iI[NT lG;F.,3 VF1,DLG V
VN3BM2,M IF VAF DMC1D3DN[lG,3 C1;G
V VN3BM2,M IF VAF V1A3lN<,FlC,3
C]1;I3G V VN3BM2,M IF VAF
DMC1dDlNG3 V1,LiIA3G,3 C]1;3IG V
133
A_y$drZL$p
VN3 B M2 , M IF VAF HV1 4 O lZG3

DMC1dDNA3G V1,LI3lIG V VN3BM2,M
IF VAF V1A3lN<,FC[ HV14OZA3G
DMC1dDlNG V VN3BM,M IF DJ3,FI IF
VA,3 C1;G[ D};A3G HV14OlZG V
VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI IF VA,3 C1;G[
V1,LiIA3G D};Z3 Z[hF1 V VN3BM2,M IF
DJ3,FI IF VAF HV14OZLG3
DMC1D3DNA3G V1,LI3lIG3 V VN3BM2,M
IF VA,3 C1;G[ V1,LiIA3G DMC1dDlNG3
V VN3BM2,M IF VAF DMC1dDN[lG,3
C1;GA3G[ V1,LiILG V VN3BM2,M IF
VA,3 SF1;[D[ IF C1]H3HT<,FC[ OL
134
A_y$drZL$p
VZ3h[2CL V VN3BM2,M IF D,F3V[ST,3

CF1O3OLG A[ C1J3,[ C1ZD[SMDF J,3
D] ; 3 T U1 4 O [ Z LG ,[ h] j JFZ[ S MDF J
ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap` b_ `f, Ae dpfp
b_ ApL$pAp. Ae dysap k.A.h._u
Algbs. ly Ap`_p Nygpd Ry> A_ Ap`
b__p Nygpd_p `y Ry>. syR> A_ lL$uf Ry>.
Ap` b_ lTfsp_u kpd lpS>f \ep Ry>
Ap`_p lL$_p huL$pf L$$ Ry>. Ap` b_
kpd lpS>f \ep Ry> Ap`_y ifZ dpNy Ry>.
Ap` b__u S>hpbv$pfu_u kp\ Ap`_p
lfd_u qTepfs_u r_es L$fu Ap` b__p
\p__ ep_dp gB_, A_ Ap` b__u
135
A_y$drZL$p
dpfas Apl\u kb^ X$hp_p Bfpv$p\u.

Ae Apl, d_ f R> L$ ly Ap
lfddp v$pMg \pJ. Ae Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h. d_ Av$f Aphhp_u BTs R> ?
Ae Apl_p _bu d_ f Ap`p sp ly
Av$f v$pMg \pJ ? Ae Adug
dpAd_u_ A.k. iy ly Av$f Aphu iLy$ Ry> ?
Ae apsdp Tlfp k.A. rh_u uAp_u
kfv$pf d_ lfddp v$pMg \hp_y BT_ R> ?
Ae Abp dpldv$ Bdpd lk_ A.k. ly
Av$f Aphu iLy$ Ry> ? Ae Abp A[v$pl
Bdpd lyk_ A.k. d_ f Ap`p. Ae
Abp dpldv$ Agu B_ lyk_ A.k. d_
BTs R> ? Ae Abp S>Aaf dpldv$
136
A_y$drZL$p
B_ Agu A.k. iy ly v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ?

Ae Abp A[v$pl S>Aaf B_
dpldv$ A.k. iy ly v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ?
Ae dpfp ApL$p Abg lk_ d|kp B_
S>Aaf A.k. iy ly v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae
dpfp dpgp Agu B_ d|kp fTp A.k. iy ly
v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae Abp S>Aaf
dpldv$ B_ Agu A.k. Ae Ab|g
lk_ Agu B_ dpldv$ A.k. iy ly
v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae Abp dpldv$
lk_ B_ Agu A.k. iy ly v$pMg \B iLy$
Ry> ? Ae Ab|g L$prkd, Ae S>du_ `f
Apl_u ly$s iy ly v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ?
Ae Ap b__p lfd_p v$fbpf_p
137
A_y$drZL$p
aqfspAp A_ sd_p Thpfp_u dafs_u

vy$Ap L$f_pfpAp Ap` `f Apl_u fldsp
A_ bfL$sp \pe. iy ly v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ?
`R>u lfddp v$pMg \pe A_ L$l :
;ALl,<,FC[ J V1,F lD<,T[ Z;}l,<,FC[
;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[ J VF,[CL J ;<,D3P
ZaA[ VN3lB1,3GL D]N3B1, l;1N3lS1G3 J
VB14lZH3GL D]B14ZH l;1N3lS1G JH3V1,3GL
lDG3 ,N]G3S ;],3TF1GG3 G;L2ZFP
v$pMg \pJ Ry> Apl_p _pd\u.
Apl_u dv$v$\u. Apl_p dpN BMepf
138
A_y$drZL$p
L$fu. Apl_p fk|g k.A.h_u Ddsdp

iprdg \B. Ae dpfp `pg_lpf d_
kQpB_u kp\ v$pMg L$f A_ d_ kQpB
kp\ blpf L$pY$ A_ d_ Ahp ipkL$ Ap`
S> dpfp dv$v$Npf b_.
`R>u Qpf hMs Aplp AL$bf
L$l A_ Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k._u
Tful kpd Dcp flu L$l :
139
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k._u qTepfs
Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k._u

qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LiI<,FC[
JA3G J,LiI[CLP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C] 1 H 3 H T<,FC[ JA3 G C1 ] H 3 H T[ C LP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;1OLiI<,FC[
JA3G ;1OLiI[CLP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
VDLG<,FC[ JA3 G VDLG[ C LP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF G}Z<,FC[ OL
hM6,MDFlT,3 VZ3h1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF .DFD,3 CMNFP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
V1,DN3 NLG[ JtTMSF1P V:;,FDM
140
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S IF BF1h[G .1 ,3lDG3 GALiILGP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF BF1h[G .1,3lD,3
D]Z3;,LG V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
GFV[ A ,3 VJ3 ; [ 2 I F9 . ;3 ;FA[ S L2 G P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DV14N[G,3
JC14lI,3 DMALGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;F1C[2A,3 .1,3lD,3 IS2LGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF V1I3AT .1,3lD,3 D]Z3;,LGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 .DFD];14
;F1,[C1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3
.DFD]h3 hFC[NP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMC,3 .DFD],3 VF1A[NP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S ViIMC,3 .DFD];3 ;iI[N]Z3
141
A_y$drZL$p
ZXLNP V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3

DS14T},]X3 XCLNP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IA3G Z;}l,<,FC[ JA3G J;L2iI[CLP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FI D};A3G
HV14OlZG3 J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
VX3 C NM VgGS S1 N 3 A<,U1 4 T
V1lG<,FC[ DF C1dD,S J C1lOh54T
D;3TJ3NV1S J C1<,,3T C1,F,<,FC[ J
C1 Z 3 Z D3 T C1 Z FD<,FC[ J VS1 D 3 T
VC14SFD<,FC[ J T,J3T lSTFA<,FC[ J
;1AZ3T V1,,3 VhF7 OL HD3lA<,FC[ J
HFCN3T lO<,FC[ CS14S1 H[CFN[CL C1tTF
VTFS,3 ISL2GP J VX3CNM VgGS
142
A_y$drZL$p
Dh1 I 3 T V1 , F DF DhF1 V1 , I3 C [
VFAF9VMST14 TF1C[~G J VH3NFNMS1T3
T1 i I[ A } G ,3 VJ3 ; [ 2 I F9 p ,3 CFN} G ,3
V.dDT], DC3NLiI}G ,D3 T]V3l;7Z3
V1DG3 V1,F CMNJ3 J ,D3 TlD,3 lDG3
C1S14lS1G3 .,F AFT[2l,GP J VX3CNM
VgGS G;1C14T l,<,FC[ J ,[ Z;},[CL J
,[ VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG J VgGS
VN3NI3T,3 VDFGT JH3TGA3T,3
B[2IFGT$ J VS1D3T;14 ;1,FT$ J
VFTI3Th3 hSFT J VDZ3T lA,3
DV14~O[ J GCI3T V1lG,3 D]G3SZ[ J
V1AN3T<,FC D]B14,[;1G3 D]H3TC[NG3
143
A_y$drZL$p
D]C14T;[AG3 C1tTF VTFS,3 ISL2GP O

HhFS<,FCM V1lG,3 .;3,FD[ J VC3,[CL
VO3h1,,3 HhF9V[ J VX3ZO,3 HhF9V[
VTI3TMS IA3G Z;}l,<,FC[ hF9V[ZG3
VF1Z[OG3 A[ C1S14S[2S DMlS1Z3ZG3 A[ Oh14,[S
D]C14TD[,G3 ,[ .1,3D[S D]C14TH[AG3 A[
lh7dDT[S VF92V[h7G3 A[ S1A3Z[S ,FV[h7G3
A[ h1ZLC2[S D];3TX3O[V1G3 A[S .,<,FC[
DMJF,[IG3 ,[ VJ3,[IF9V[S DMVF1N[IG3
,[ VV14NFV[S D];3TA3;2[ZG3 A[ XV3G[S
J lA,3 CMN,3 ,h8L VG3T V1,I3C[
VF1,[DG3 A[ h1,F,T[ DG3 BF1,OS J
lA,3 V1D,3 ,hL8 C]D3 V1,I3CP A[ VAL
144
A_y$drZL$p
VG3T J pdDL J GO3;L J VC3,L J

DF,L J J,NL IA3G Z;}l,<,FC[
VTI3TMS DMTS1Z3Z[AG3 A[ lhIFZT[S
.,<,FC[ TVF1,F J D];3TX3O[V1G3 A[S
.,I3C[ OX3OV14 ,L .1G3N ZaA[S ,[
IU14O[Z ,L hM8G}AL J IV14OMJ V1G3
HF]Z3DL J ITHFJh V1G3 ;iI[VFTL J
ID3 C M2 J V1 g GL B1 T L2 V FTL J
I]N3B[2,GL,3 HgGT J ITOh14h1,
V1,iI A[ DF CMJ VC3,MC} J IU14lOZ ,L
J ,[ VFAF9. J ,[ .B14JFGL J VB1JFTL
J ,[ HDL.1,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3 D]V3D[GFT[
OL DXFZ[lS1,3 VZ3h[2 J DUF1Z[A[CF A[
145
A_y$drZL$p
Oh14,[CL J HF]N[CL J DgG[CP

kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p
hgu A_ Apl_p hgu_p afTv$. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_u ly$s A_
Apl_u ly$s_p afTv$. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Apl_p kau (Q|V$gp) A_
Apl_p kau_p afTv$. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Apl_p Adu_ (cfpkp`p)
A_ Agpl_p Adu__p afTv$. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae vy$r_ep_p A^L$pfdp
Apl_p L$pi. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
dpNv$i_ Ap`_pfp Bdpd. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae v$u_ A_ sL$hp_p r_ip_. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae _buAp_p Bd_p
146
A_y$drZL$p
M_Qu. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae

fk|gp_p Bd_p M_Qu. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae ANpD_p hkuAp_p rsr_r^.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae `$ hlu_u
MpZ. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Qp$k
Bd ^fph_pfp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
fk|gp_p op__p `p. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae _L$ Bdpd. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
`flTNpf Bdpd. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Bbpv$s NyTpf Bdpd. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae ApNhp_ A_ `lpQgp Bdpd. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae L$g L$fpAgp iluv$.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p fk|g
k.A.h._p afTv$ A_ sd_p hku_p `y.
147
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp dpgp d|kp

B_ S>Aaf A.k. Ap`_p `f Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp lp.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ biL$ Ap`_
Apl S> S>hpbv$pfu kpù lsu s Ap`
`lpQpX$u v$uû A_ sZ Ap`_ S>
Adp_s Apù lsu s_y fnZ L$ey.
Apl_p lgpg_ lgpg Ney A_
Apl_u lfpd L$fg hsy lfpd NzZu
A_ Apl_p lyL$dp `f d$d$ flu Adg
L$ep A_ Apl_u qL$spb (Ly$fAp_)_u
rsgphs L$fu. Apl_u Myiu Mpsf b^p
kL$V$p kl_ L$fu gu^p. Apl_p dpNdp
S>hp S>lpv$ L$fhp BA Ahp S>lpv$ L$ep.
148
A_y$drZL$p
ep kyû L$ Ap` dps (ilpv$s)_ cV$ep

A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` A S> dpN
Bsepf L$ep S> dpN `f Ap`_p `pL$
hX$hpAp, `rh bp`-v$pv$pAp, rlv$pes
`pdgp Bdpdp, rlv$pes L$fhp hpmp
hkuAp, Qpep A_ _ sp Ap`
rlv$pes_p dpN R>pX$u A^L$pfdp X|$ep _
sp Apl_p dpN R>pX$u MpV$p dpN
A`_pep.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` Apl_p
kb^dp, s_p fk|g k.A.h._p bpfpdp
A_ Adug dpAd_u_ A.k. rhi
_kuls L$fu A_ Ap` Adp_sp `lpQpX$u
A_ Mep_s\u v|$f fp A_ Ap` _dpT
149
A_y$drZL$p
L$ped L$fu A_ TL$psp Apù _L$u_p lyL$dp

Apep A_ b|fpB\u gpL$p_ fpL$ep A_
Apl_u dyguk, S>v$pS>lv$ kp\ A_
s_u My_|v$u Mpsf Bbpv$s L$fu ep kyû L$
Ap` ilpv$s_ hep.
Apl Ap`_ Bgpd A_ s_p
`fhp sfa\u $ bv$gp, DQ S>Tp,
Asp L$f. ly lpS>f \ep Ry> Ae Apl_p
fk|g k.A.h._p afTv$ Ap`_p TpBf
b_u_, Ap`_u dpAfas dmhu_,
Ap`_p l$p_p epg fpMu_ Ap`_u
Dv$pfsp_p BL$fpf L$fu_, Ap`_p Bd_p
cpf D`pX$u_, Ap`_p v$pd_dp Ry>`pB_,
Ap`_u L$bdp Apifp gB_, Ap`_u
150
A_y$drZL$p
Tful_u Ap\ dmhu_, Apl_u `pk

Ap`_u iapAs_u Apip kp\, Ap`_p
v$psp\u v$psu A_ Ap`_p vy$d_p\u
vy$d_u fpMu_, Ap`_u ip__ ep_dp
gB_, A_ Ap` S> rlv$pes `f R>p s_p
eL$u_ kp\ L$ Ap`_p rhfpûAp Nydfpl
R> A_ sAp Asf_p Ap^mp R>. dpfp
dp-bp` Ap` `f Ly$fbp_ \pe, dpfu
_, dp Of, dpfp dpg A_ dpfu Apgpv$
`Z Ap` `f Ly$fbp_.
Ae Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p
afTv$ ly Ap`_u rMv$dsdp lpS>f \ep
Ry>, Ap`_p hkugp\u Apl_u _S>v$uL$u
dmhhp A_ Ap`_p hpsp\u dpn
151
A_y$drZL$p
dmhhp, dpV$ Ap` Apl_u `pk dpfp

dpV$ cgpdZ L$fp L$ s dpfp sdpd Ny_plp
dpa L$fu Ap` A_ dpfp b^p A`fp^p
dpa L$fu v$, A_ dpfu c|gp_ v$fNyTf L$f
A_ dpfu MspAp_ c|ku _pM. d_
S>sdp v$pMg L$f A_ dpfp `f AV$gp
D`L$pf L$f S>V$gp gpeL$ R> A_ d_ dpfp
dp-bp`_, dpfp cpBAp_, dpfu bl_p_
A_ sdpd dpArd_p A_ dpAd_ps S>
`|hdp lpe L$ `[ddp `psp_p aTg\u,
`psp_u lsu_p sp` A_ D`L$pf s\p
Dv$pfsp\u bnu Ap`.
`R>u L$bf `f_u mu_ Q|d, `psp_p
Npg AX$pX$, `R>u rkfpl_p sfa Aph
152
A_y$drZL$p
A_ L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FI IF

D};A3G HV14OlZG3 J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP VX3CNM VGGS,3 .DFD],3
CFNL J,3 J,LiI],3 D]Z3X[NM J VgGS
DV14N[G]T3 TG3hL,[ J ;F1C[2A]T3 TV3JL,[
J CF1D[,]T3 TJ3ZFT[ J,3 .G3,[ J,3
VF1,[D],3 VF1N[,M J;14 ;F1N[S1],3 VF1D[,M
IF DJ3,FI VGF VA3ZVM .,,FC lDG3
VV14NF9V[S J VTS1Z3ZAM .,<,FC[ A[
DMJF,FT[S O ;1<,<,FCM V1,I3S J
V1,F VFAFV[S J VH3NFN[S J
VA3GF9V[S J XLV1T[S J DMlC2aALS J
153
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp dpgp,
d|kp B_ S>Aaf A.k. Ap` `f
Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp \pe. ly
Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` MfMf rlv$pes
Ap`_pfp Bdpd R>p, `lpQgp hgu R>p
A_ Ap` Ly$fAp__u MpZ R>p A_ s_u
sakuf_p ^Zu R>p. spfps A_ Bg_p
op_u R>p. Apqv$g A_ Aprgd R>p A_
kpQp Adg L$f_pfp R>p.
Ae dpfp ApL$p, ly Apl\u Qply Ry>
L$ s d_ Ap`_p vy$d_p\u v|$f fpM A_
Ap`_u dlpbs_u dpfas Agpl_u
154
A_y$drZL$p
_S>v$uL$u Qply Ry>. Apl Ap` `f

kghps dpL$g, Ap`_p hX$hpAp `f,
A_ Ap`_p bp`-v$pv$pAp `f, Ap`_p
afTv$p `f, A_ Ap`_p riepAp A_
v$psp `f Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp
_pqTg \pe.
`R>u mu_ Q|d A_ vy$Ap dpN :
b fL$ps _dpT `Y$ A_ S>_pb
kev$p k.A._u sbul `Y$ `R>u
rkS>v$p L$f A_ rkS>v$pdp L$l :
V<,FC]DD .,ISV14TDN3TM J
.,IS S1;1N3TM J A[ Oh14,[S ZHJ3TM J
S1A3Z .DFD[I,3 ,hL8 VJ3HA3T V1,iI
155
A_y$drZL$p
TF1V1TC} h]Z3TM J A[ .,I3S TJ:;,3TM

O A[ C1S14S2[C[D],3 ,hL8 VJ3HA3T V1,F
GO3;[SU14lOZ3 ,L J ,[ JF,[NiI J l,,3
D]V3D[GLG IF SZLDP
Ae Agpl ly spfp `f cfpkp L$ Ry>
A_ spfu sfa ep_ ^ Ry> A_ spfp
aTg_u Dduv$ fpMy Ry>. d dpfp Ap
Bdpd_u qTepfs L$fu R> S>_y A_ykfZ s
Adpfp `f hprS>b L$fg R> A_ sd_p
\L$u spfu _S>v$uL$u Qply Ry>. sp sd_p
lL$_p hpsp\u S> s spfp `f hprS>b L$fu
gu^p R>. d_ bnu Ap`. dpfp dp-bp`
A_ sdpd dpAdu_p_ dpa L$fu v$ Ae
156
A_y$drZL$p
rhipm Dv$pfsphpmp.
`R>u S>dZp Npg S>du_ `f fpM A_
L$l :
V<,FC]dD S1N3 V1l,D3T C1JFV[ O ;1<,[

V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNJ3
JS14h[2CFP
Ae Agpl sy dpfu lpS>sp_ Z
R>, sp dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$
A.dy.k. `f v$v$ dpL$g A_ dpfu lpS>sp
`|fu L$f.
`R>u X$pbp Npg S>du_ `f fpM A_ L$l :
V<,FC]dD S1N3 VC14;1I3T hM8G}AL O A[

C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3
157
A_y$drZL$p
;1 < ,[ V1 , F DMC1 d DlNJ3 J VF,[

DMC1dDlNJ3 JU14lOZ3CF J T;1N3NS14 V1,iI
A[ DF VG3T VC3,MCP
Ae Apl s dpfp Ny_plp_ NZu
gu^p R> sp dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$
k.A.h. `f v$v$ dpL$g A_ sd_p
hpsp\u dpfp Ny_plp_ dpa L$fu v$ A_
d_ AV$gy Ap` S> sd_ ipc.
`R>u L$`pm_ S>du_ `f fpMu kp
hMs iy$_, iy$_ L$l `R>u dp\y JQy L$f
A_ v$yAp dpN
`R>u Ap kghps `Y$ :

VC3,[ AI3T[CL J ;1<,[ V1,F D};A3G[
158
A_y$drZL$p
HV14OlZG3 J;L2I3lI,3 VA3ZFZ[ J

.DFlD,3 VB14IFZ[ J V1I3AlT,3 VG3JFZ[
J JFZ[l;7;3 ;SLGT[ J,3 JS1FZ[ J,3 C2[SD[
J,3 VF;F7lZ,3 ,hL8 SFG I]C14lI,3 ,I3,
lA;3 ;CZ[ .,;3 ;C1Z[ A[ DMJF;1,lT,3
.;3lTU14OFZ[ C1,LlO;3 ;H3NlTT14 T1JL,T[
JN3 N]D}.1,3 U1hLZT[ J,3 DMGFHFlT,3
S;L8ZT[ Jh14 h1ZFVF1lT,3 D]tT;2[,T[ J
DS1Z3lZG3 GMCF J,3 V1N3,[ J,3 B1I3Z[ J,3
Oh14,[ JG3 GNFJ,3 Ah74,[ J DV3,lO,3
A,3JF J;14 ;1A3Z[ J,3 D]h14T1CN[ lAh54
h5],3D[ J,3 DS14A}Z[ lA,3 HJ3Z[ J,3
DMV1h74h7A[ OL S1V14lZ;3 ;MH}G[ J
159
A_y$drZL$p
hM6,MlD,3 DTF1DLZ[ lh7:;FlS1,3 DZ3h1}h2[

A[ C1,lS2,3 SM2I}N[ J,3 HGFhlT,3
DMGFNF V1 , I3 C F A[ h7 ] , 3 l ,,3
.;3TB14OFO[ J,3 JFZ[N[ V1,F HN3N[lC,3
D];14T1OF J VALlC,3 D]Z3ThF1 J pdD[CL
;iI[ N lTG3 lG;F9 V [ A[ .Z3 l ;7 G 3
DU14;1}lAG3 J J,F.D3 D;3,}lAG3 J
VD3lZD3 DU14,}lAG3 J NlDD3 DT14,}lAG3
J ;D3lDD3 DX3~lAGP V<,FC]dD J SDF
;1AZ V1,F U1,Llh5,3 D[C1G[ J THZ3ZV1
UM2;1;1,3 SMZA[ J;3T;3,D ,[ Z[h1FS J
VB14,;1T14 TF1V1, ,S J DC1h1,3 BM2X}V1
J;3 TX3V1Z,3 BM2h1}V1 J VF1N,3 lAN3V1T
160
A_y$drZL$p
J VC3,CF J ,D3 I,3C1S14C} OL XI3.G3

lDG3 VJFD[Z[S J GJFCLS ,J3DTM
,FV[lDG3 ;1<,[ V1,I3C[ J ;1,FTG3
GFD[ITG3 DMGLOTG3 hFS[ITG3 T}H[AM
,CF A[CF XOFV1T VMDlDD3 lDG3
B1 , 3 S [ 2 S J SM2 ~ lGD3 AZFIFS J
A,3l,U14C} V1gGF TCL2iITG3 J ;,FDG3
J VFT[GF lDG3 ,N]G3S OL DMJF,FT[CL
Oh14,G3 J V[C14;FGG3 J DU14O[ZTG3 J
lZh14JFGG3 .gGS h7],3 Oh14l,,3 V1DLD[
JT3 THFJMlh,3 V1hL6D[ A[ ZC14DT[S IF
VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
161
A_y$drZL$p
Ae Apl flds Dspf dpldv$

k.A.h. `f A_ sd_u Algbs `f
A_ d|kp B_ S>Aaf A.k. `f kghps
dpL$g S> _L$ gpL$p_p hku R> A_
cpeipmuAp_p Bdpd R>, _|f_p rd_pf
R>, kL$u_p (_buAp_p Ahijp)_p
hpfk R> A_ hL$pf, op_ A_ r_ip_uAp
^fph_pfp R>, Ahp Bdpd R> S>dZ
fpsp_ Nsp `kpf L$fu A_ khpf\u
bu khpf kyû Apl\u Ny_plp_u
dpau dpNsp fp, gpbp rkS>v$pAp kp\,
A_ Arsie L$`ps kp\ OZp L$fNfu_,
A_ r_fsf fphp kp\, S>Ap Bkpa A_
AL$g dpV$ S>ep R>, _L$u A_ aTg dpV$,
162
A_y$drZL$p
kMphs A_ v$p__p dpV$, S> bgp A_

kbf_p Dspfp R>. S>d_ Tyd\u
ksphhpdp Apep A_ f S>bf\u
v$a_phhpdp Apep, S>d_ KX$u MpBdp
L$v$ L$fhpdp Apep, A_ A^pfu
L$pV$X$uApdp, S>d_p `Np gpMX$_u
bX$uAp\u Tdu \ep, S>d_p S>_pTp
kp\ lgL$p iv$p\u gpL$p_ bpghhpdp
Apep, S> `psp_p v$pv$p dysap k.A.h.
r`sp dysTp A.k. A_ kev$p k.A.
`pk Ahu lpgsdp `lpep L$ sd_p l$p
R>u_hu ghpdp Apep lsp, A_
dp_lpr_ L$fhpdp Aphu lsu, A_ sd_p
lyL$dp_y MX$_ L$fhpdp Apey lsy, sd_y
163
A_y$drZL$p
gplu hlhX$phhpdp Apey lsy A_ sd_

Tf ùhfphhpdp Apey lsy.
Ae Apl, S>hu fus sApA
L$W$Zdp L$W$Z dykubs `f kbf L$fu, A_
vy$:Mp kl_ L$ep A_ spfu fTp `f fp
fp, A_ aL$s spfu BspAs L$fu, aL$s
spfp\u X$ep A_ rh_dsp_p hp `lep
A_ rbv$As_u vy$d_u L$fu A_ Alg
rbv$As\u `Z, A_ spfp lyL$dp
`lpQpX$hpdp A_ spfu d_p L$fg hsy\u
gpL$p_ fpL$hpdp t_v$p L$fhphpmp_u t_v$p_u
`fhp _ L$fu. Ae Apl, sd_p `f
kghps dpL$g Ahu kghps S> h^su
fl, KQu \su fl, `pL$ lpe, A_ S>
164
A_y$drZL$p
L$pfZ b_ sd_p dpV$ Dds_u iapAs

L$fhpdpV$, A_ spfu dg|L$_u S> `lgp
NyTfu Q|L$u R>, A_ Adpfp sfa\u kgpd
lp Ap` `f, A_ _d_ lp sd_ A_ spfp
sfa\u sd_u dlpbs_p hpspdp
Adp_ spfp aTg Alkp_, dpau A_
My_|v$u Asp L$f. MfMf spfp aTg b^p
dpV$ R>, A_ sy dlp_ bnhphpmp R>.
spfu flds_p hpsp Ae kp fld L$fhp
hpmpApdp h^pf flud.
`R>u Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._u
Tful sfa e A_ Bdpd dpldv$
sL$u A.k._u qTepfs `Y$ :
165
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._u qTepfs
Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u

A.k._u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VAF HV14OlZG3
DMC1 d DNA3 G V1 , LI3 l I,3 AZ3 Z T3
TSL2iI,3 .DFD,3 JOLiIP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S ViIMCZ3 ZhL2iI]h3 hSLiIP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LiI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF GiI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;OLZ<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF l;Z3Z<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF h2[IFV<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;GFV<,FCP
166
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF S,[DT<,FCP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ZC14DT<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCG3 G}~;3
;FT2[V1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3
AN3~T14 TF1,[V1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMCT14 T1iI[AM D[GT14 T1iI[ALGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCT14 TF1C[ZM
D[G,3 DMT1C3CZLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMC,3 VFIT],3 p2h54DFP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S ViIMC,3 C]1H3HT],3 S]A3ZFP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 DMT1C3CZM
D[Gh3 h<,FTP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMC,3 DMGh3hCM V1lG,3
167
A_y$drZL$p
D] V 1 4 h [ 2 , FTP V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S
ViIMC,3 V1,LiIM V1G3 GS14l;2,3
VJ3;F1OP V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCZ3
ZhL2iIM .1GN,3 VX3ZFOP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF V1D}NN3 NLGP VX3CNM
VgGS J,LiI]<,FC[ J C]1H3HTMC} OL
VZ3h2[CL J VgGS HD3A]<,FC[ J
B[2IZT]<,FC[ J D];3TJ3NVM2 .1,3lD<,FC[
J .1,lD,3 VD3A[IF9V[ J ~S3G],3 .DFG[
J TZ3HMDFG],3 S]1Z3VFGP J VX3CNM
VgG DlGT3TAV1S V1,,3 C1S14S2[ J,3
CMNF J VgG DG3 VG3SZS J G;1A
,S,3 V1NFJT V1,3h14 h1,F,T[ JZ3 ZNF
168
A_y$drZL$p
VA3ZVM .,<,FC[ J .,I3S lDG3C]D3

lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB2[ZT[ J:;,FDM
V1,I3S DF ASL2TM J AS[2I,3 ,I,M
JG3 GCFZM J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Abp
S>Aaf dpldv$ B_ Agu A.k. Ap`
_L$, `flTNpf A_ hapv$pf Bdpd R>p,
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae hfpAgp A_
`pL$, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl\u
dy_ps (L$fNfhy) L$fhphpmp, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p AgQu, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p hgu, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p cv$, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_u fpi_u, kgpd lp
169
A_y$drZL$p
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p hMpZ, kgpd lp

Ap` `f Ae Apl_p iv$p, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_u flds, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae L$pris _|f, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae k`|Z Qdp, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae L$ S> Myv$ `pL$ R>p A_
`pL$uTp _kgdp\u R>p. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae L$ S> Myv$ `rh R>p A_ `rh
_kgdp\u R>p, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_u dlp_ r_ip_u, Ae Apl_u
dpV$u ly$s, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae L$ S>
bû c|gp\u `pL$ R>p, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae L$ S>Ap vy$hpfuAp\u v|$f R>, kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae L$ vy$NyZp\u `f R>, kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae L$ S> ifua gpL$pdp bly
170
A_y$drZL$p
S> `kv$ L$fhpdp Apep R>, kgpd lp

Ap` `f Ae v$u__p sc.
hgu R>p A_ S>du_ `f s_u ly$s R>p,
Apl_u r_L$V$ R>p A_ Apl_p Q|V$gp
R>p, Apl_p Bd A_ Arbep_p
Bd_p kpQh_pfp R>p, Bdp__y d|m R>p,
Ly$fAp__p kpQp A\ bsph_pfp R>p. ly
Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ S>Z Ap`_u `fhu L$fu
s lL$ `f R> A_ rlv$pes `pdgp R> A_
S>Z Ap`_p rhfp^ L$ep A_ Ap`\u
vy$d_u L$fu s cV$L$gp R> A_ rh_pi_
qL$_pf R>. ly Apl `pk A_ Ap`_p
`pkA vy$d_p_ rsfL$p Ry>. Ap
171
A_y$drZL$p
vy$r_epdp A_ ApMfsdp `Z. kgpd lp

Ap` `f S>ep kyû ly hsp fly A_
S>ep kyû Ap fps qv$hk bpL$u R>, Ap`
`f Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg
\pe.
`R>u L$bf_u mu_ Q|d, `psp_p
Npgp_ gNpX$ A_ `R>u L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LI<,FCP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C]1H3HT<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3SMDF IF G}Z<,FC[ OL
hM6,MDlT,3 VZ3h1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IA3G Z;}l,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
J V1,F VFAF9V[SP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
172
A_y$drZL$p
J V1,F VA3GF9V[SP VX3CNM VgGS

S1N3 VS1DT;14 ;1,FT J VFTI3Th3
hSFT J VDZ3T lA,3 DV14~O J GCI3T
V1lG,3 D]G3SZ[ J T,J3T,3 lSTFA C1S14S1
lT,FJT[CL J HFCN3T lO<,FC[ C1S14S1
H[CFN[CL J ;1AZ3T V1,,3 VhF7 OL
HD3 A [ C L C1 t TF VTFS,3 IS2 L G
VTI3TMS hFV[ZG VF1Z[OG3 A[ C1S14S2[S
DMJF,[IG3 ,[ VJ3,[IF9V[S DMVF1N[IG3
,[ VV14NF9V[S OX3OV1 ,L .1G3N ZaA[SFP
hgu, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_u
ly$s, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae ^fsu_p
173
A_y$drZL$p
A^L$pfdp Apl_y _|f, kgpd lp Ap`

`f Ae Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p
afTv$, kgpd lp Ap` `f A_ Ap`_p
bp`-v$pv$pAp D`f, kgpd lp Ap` `f
A_ Ap`_p afTv$p `f, kgpd lp Ap`
`f A_ Ap`_p v$psp `f.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` _dpT_
L$ped L$fu, TL$ps Av$p L$fu, _L$ L$pdp_p
lyL$dp Apep A_ b|fp L$pdp\u fpL$ep,
A_ Ly$fAp__u Ahu rsgphs L$fu S>hu
rsgphs L$fhp_p lL$ lsp, A_ Apl_u
fpldp Ahu S>lpv$ L$fu S>hu S>lpv$ L$fhu
BA A_ Apl_u Myi_yv$u_u Mpsf
kL$V$p kl_ L$ep, ep kyû L$ Ap`
174
A_y$drZL$p
ilpv$s_ cV$ep. ly Ap`_u rMv$dsdp

qTepfs_p lsy\u lpS>f \ep Ry> d_
Ap`_p lL$_y cp_ R>, Ap`_p v$psp\u
v$psu fpMy Ry> A_ Ap`_p vy$d_p\u
vy$d_u. sp Apl_u bpfNpldp dpfu
cgpdZ L$fp.
`R>u Tful dybpfL$_ Q|d A_
vy$Ap dpN. `R>u b fL$ps _dpT A_
`R>u rkS>v$p L$f A_ rkS>v$pdp L$l :
.Z3C1D3 DG3 V;F9V$ JS14TZO$ J;3TSFG

JV14TZOP
175
A_y$drZL$p
fld L$f A ik `f S>Z b|fpB L$fu,

Ny_pl L$ep, gpQpf \ep, A_ lh `psp_p
Ny_pl_p BL$fpf L$f R>.
`R>u S>dZp Npg S>du_ `f fpM A_ L$l :
.G3 S]G3TM A[V3;,3 V1A3NM O VG3T

G[V14DZ3 ZaAMP
(ly spfp AL$ L$r_$ bv$p Ry> `Z sy
dpfp $ `pg_lpf R>.)
`R>u X$pbp Npg S>du_ `f fpM A_ L$l :
V1hM6Dh74 h7D3AM lDG3 V1A3N[S O,3

IC14;MlG,3 V1O3JM lDG3 .1G3N[S IF SZLDP
(spfp bv$p\u dpV$p dpV$p Ny_plp \ep
R>, `Z sy s_ kfk fus dpau v$ Ae
176
A_y$drZL$p
L$`pmy.)
`R>u L$`pm S>du_ `f fpM A_
AL$kp hMs iy$_, iy$_ L$l, dp\y
KQy L$fu vy$Ap dpN A_ Ap kghps
`Y$ :

VC3 , [ AI3 T [ C L J ;1 < ,[ V1 , F
DMC1dDlNA3G[ V1,LiI[lGh3 hSLI3lIT3
TSL2iI[ J,3 AZ3lZ,3 JOLiI[ J,3
DMCh74h7lAG3 GSL2iI[ CFlN,3 pdDT[ J
JFZ[l;7,3 V.dDT[ J BF1h[lGZ3 ZC14DT[ J
ID3A}.1,3 lC1S3DT[ J SF1V[lN,3 AZST[ J
V1NLl,,3 S1]Z3VFG[ lOT14 TF1V1T[ J
177
A_y$drZL$p
JFC[2lN,3 VJ3;[2IF9V[ lO,3 .B14,F;[2 J,3

.1AFNT[ J C1]H3HT[S,3 p2,3IF J D;7,[S,3
VV14,F J S,[DT[S,3 C1];3GN3NF.1 .,I3S
JN3 NF9<,[ V1,I3S, ,hL8 G;1A3TC}
V1,DG3 ,[ .1AFN[S J DMTZ3H[DG3 ,[
lSTFA[S J ;F1N[V1G3 A[ VD3Z[S J
GF;[2ZG3 ,[ NLG[S J C]1H3HTG3 V1,F
B1,3S2[S J G}ZG3 TB14ZMSM2 A[lCh54 hM6,D
J S1]N3JTG3 T]N3ZSM A[C,3 lCNFITM J
XOLV1G3 TMGF,M A[lC,3 HgGC3$
V<,FC]dD J SDF VB1h7 OL BM2X}V2[CL
,S C1h54h5C} J;3TJ3OF lDG3 B1X3IT[S
G;L2AC} O ;1<,[ V1,I3C[ Vh14V1FO DF
178
A_y$drZL$p
;1 < ,I3 T V1 , F J,LI3 l IZ3 T h1 I 3 T

TF1V1TC} J S1lA,3T lB1N3DTC} J
A,3l,U14C} lDgGF TCL2iITG3 J ;,FDJ3
J VFT[GF OL DMJF,FT[CL lDG3 ,N]G3S
Oh14,J3 J V[C14;FG\J3 J DU14O[ZT\J3 J
lZh14JFGG3 .gGS h7],3 DG3lG,3 S1NLD[
J;14 ;1O3lC2,3 HDL,P
Ae Apl sy kghps dpL$g dpldv$
k.A.h. `f A_ s_u Alg bs `f A_
kghps dpL$g dpldv$ B_ Agu `f A_
S>Ap `pL$ R>, Apl\u X$fhphpmp R>, _L$
R>, hapv$pf R>, Dds_ rlv$pes
Ap`hphpmp R>, Bdpdp_p hpfk R>,
179
A_y$drZL$p
flds_p cX$pf R>, A_ rlL$ds_p TfZp

R>, A_ bfL$sp_ v$pf_pfp R>, A_
hkuApdp r_Mpgksp A_ Bbpv$sdp
A_e R>, spfu dpV$u ly$s R>, spfu dlp_
rdkpg R> A_ spfu sfa gpL$p_
bpgphhpdp kyv$f hpZu R> A_ spfu v$gug
R>, S>_ s gpL$p dpV$ spfu r_ip_u b_phu,
A_ spfu qL$spb_p rsr_r^ b_pep A_
spfp lyL$dp `lpQpX$hphpmp R>, spfp v$u__p
dv$v$Npf R>, gpL$p `f spfu ly$s R>, A_ s
_|f R> S>_ L$pfZ sy A^pfp v|$f L$f R>, A_
Ahp _sp R> S>_p\u gpL$p_ dpNv$i_ dm
R>, A_ Ahp iapAs L$fhphpmp R> L$
S>_p\u S>s dm R>. Ae Apl S>hu
fus sdZ spfp\u X$fu `psp_p cpN dmep
180
A_y$drZL$p
A_ spfp X$f\u sdZ `psp_p `|f`|fp

rlkp dmep, sp sy kghps dpL$g Ad_p
`f AV$gu h^pf kghps L$ S> s spfp hgu
`f dpL$gu lpe S>_ sy Qplsp lpe, S>_u
rMv$ds s L$b|g L$fu lpe A_ Adpfp
sfa\u sd_ kgpd A_ _d_ `lpQpX$ A_
sd_u v$psu_p bv$gpdp spfu `pk\u aTg
Alkp_ dpau A_ My_yv$u Ad_ Asp L$f.
Mf sy k_ps_ v$psp R> A_ $ dpa L$fhp
hpmp R>.
`R>u v$yAp dpN
A_ S>epf rhv$pA
\pe sp `lg
Bdpd dk
| p L$pqTd
A.k._u Tful_u sfa dpY$y L$f A_ L$l :
181
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k.
rhv$pA Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd

A.k.
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FI IF
VA,3 C1;G[ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
V;3 T J3 N [ V M2 S <,FC J VS1 4 Z VM
V1,I3S;3 ;,FD VFDgGF lA<,FC[ J
lAZ3 Z;},[ J A[ DF H[V3T A[CL J N,,3T
V1,I3C[ V<,FC]D3 DS3T]A3GF DV1X3
XFC[NLGP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp ApL$p,
Ae Abg lk_, Ap`_p `f Apl_u
flds A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe. ly Ap`_
Apl_ kp`y Ry> A_ Ap` `f kgpd
182
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k.
dpL$gy Ry>. ly Apl `f Bdp_ gpep Ry> A_

s_p fk|g `f A_ A v$fL$ hsy `f S> sAp
Apl sfa\u gpep R>, A_ s_p sfa
Adp dpNv$i_ L$ey R>. Ae Apl Ad_
s_p Nhplpdp NZ.
`R>u Bdpd dp l dv$ sL$u
A.k._u Tful sfa dpYy$ L$fu L$l :
rhv$pA Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u

A.k.
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FI
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183
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k.
lA<,FC[ J A[ Z;},[CL J A[ DF H[V3T

A[CL J N,,3T V1,I3C[ V<,FC]D3
DS3T]A3GF DV1X3 XFC[NLGP
fk|g k.A.h._p afTv$. Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg \pe Ap`
`f. ly Ap`_ Apl_ kp`y Ry> A_
Ap`_ kgpd `pW$hy Ry> ly Bdp_ gpep Ry>
Apl `f, s_p fk|g `f A_ sAp
sfa\u S> L$B gpep R> s_p `f A_ S>_u
sApA Ad_ rlv$pes L$fu R> s_p `f.
Ae Apl Ad_ Nhplpdp NZ.
lfd\u Ahu fus blpf Aph L$
Tful dybpfL$ sfa ùW$ _ \hp `pd.
184
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ bfpkp
dqS>v$ bfpkp
Ap dqS>v$ L$pTd_ A_ bNv$pv$_u
hQ Aphgu R>. Ap dqS>v$ S>_pb
dqfed A.k._y Of R>. Al] OZp
èNbfpA _dpT `Y$u R>. lTfs Bdpd
bpqL$f A.k. A afdpey L$ S>_pb
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L$ S>N MhpfuS>dp\u `pR>p afsp S>_pb
Aduf A.k. A Al] _dpT `Y$u lsu. s
kde Ad gpL$p AL$ gpM\u `Z h^pf
kepdp lsp. AL$ BkpB A\hp bu
qfhpes dyS>b fprlb `psp_p v$hmdp\u
_uL$ep A_ `|R>ey L$ sdpfp giL$f_p
k_p`rs L$pZ R> ? rbf L$l R> L$ d
185
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ bfpkp
Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k. sfa Bipfp

L$ep. `R>u s lTfs_u khpdp lpS>f \ep
A_ L$y : kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adug
dpAd_u_ MfMf Ap` lL$ `f R>p. lTfs
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dpAd_u_ Ry>. sZ L$y d_ dpfu
qL$spbp\u Zhp dey R>. lTfs L$y Ae
lybpb, S>hy sZ `psp_y _pd kpcey sp
lTfs\u L$y Ap` Ap`_p lp\ ApNm
L$fp ly Ap`_u bAs L$$ Ry> A_ Apl AL$
lphp_u A_ dpldv$ dysap k.A.h_p
fk|g lphp_u Nhplu Ap`y Ry> A_ ilpv$s
Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` Agu B_ Abu sprgb
sd_u hku R>p. lTfs afdpey L$ sy ep fl
R>. sZ L$y Ap v$hmdp lTfs afdpey L$
186
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ bfpkp
AL$ dqS>v$ b_ph S> ik Ap dqS>v$

b_ph s_p _pd `f Ap dqS>v$_y _pd
fpM. Apd bfpkp _pdu AL$ eqsA Ap
dqS>v$ b_phu AV$g s_y _pd bfpkp
fpMhpdp Apey. epf `R>u lTfs `|Rey L$
sy `pZu ep\u ùh R> sZ S>hpb Apep
v$S>gp\u. afdpey L$ Al] Qdp L$ L|$hp ip
dpV$ _\u Mpv$sp ? sZ L$y L$ S>ep `Z
L|$hp Mpvy$ Ry> ep `pZu Mp$ _uL$m R>.
lTfs AL$ S>epA r_ip_u L$fu. epf
ep Mpv$L$pd L$ey sp ep AL$ dpV$p hS>_v$pf
`\f v$MpZp, sZ fprlb D`pX$u _lpsp
iL$sp. lTfs A `\f D`pX$u_ aL$u v$u^p.
s_u _uQ\u AL$ Tfp a|V$u _uL$ep S>_y
`pZu duWy$ lsy. Ap` afdpey L$ Ae lybpb
187
A_y$drZL$p
dqS>v$ bfpkp
Ap dqS>v$ `pk AL$ ilf hki S>dp dpV$p

cpN_p gpL$p AepQpfu li A_ sdp dpV$p
akpv$p Dcp \i. ep kyû L$ lf ib
yAp_p kf lf uAp kp\ gpL$p
ercQpf L$fi (Ap ilf Aepf_y
bNv$pv$) R>. ep AL$ bphmp_y TpX$ lsy
S>_p OZp L$pV$pAp lsp. lTfs `psp_u
sghpf\u TpX$_p b^p L$pV$p Mfhu _pep
A_ afdpey : Al] AL$ èNbf_u L$b
R> AV$g Ap dqS>v$dp b fL$ps _dpT `Y$u
A_ vy$Ap dpN BipApl vy$Ap L$b|g \i.
188
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb kgdp_ apfku_u qTepfs
S>_pb kgdp_ apfku_u

qTepfs
S>_pb kgdp_ apfku_p hMpZdp
AV$gy `|fsy R> L$ Apl sApgpA sd_p
hMpZ Ly$fAp_ ifuadp L$ep R> A_ Ap`
AV$gp dp_hs lsp L$ Algbs fk|gdp
(èNbf_p Ly$Vy$bdp) v$pMg L$fhpdp
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dv$pB__p kpûi lsp A_ haps `pep
epf Ap`_u he 250 hj_u lsu. lTfs
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gpep A_ sdZ s `psp_p lp\ lTfs
kgdp__ Nyg L$a_ Apey A_ dgpBL$_u
kap kp\ _dpT S>_pTp `Y$phu.
189
A_y$drZL$p
rdbplyT TpAfu_dp Ap`_u qTepfs_p

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L$b dybpfL$ kpd Dcp flu `Y$ :
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190
A_y$drZL$p
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191
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192
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193
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194
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp Apl_p fk|g, Mpsdybu

lTfs dpldv$ B_ Avy$pl k.A.h.
`f kgpd lp Adu$g dpAd_u_
hkuAp_p kfv$pf `f. kgpd lp dpAk|d
A_ rlv$pes Ap`_pfp Bdpdp `f. kgpd
lp Apl_p dyL$fb aqfspAp `f. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae fk|g Myv$p k.A.h._p
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dpAd_u_ A.k._p v$ps. kgpd lp Ap`
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kpQh_pf. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p _L$ bv$pAp S> NyS>fu Q|L$ep R>
sdp_p bpL$u fl_pfpAp. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Abp Arv$pl A_ Apl_u
flds s\p bfL$s sdpfp `f Dsf.
195
A_y$drZL$p

lyL$d dyS>b s_u spbv$pfu L$fu A_ Ap`
Apl_p fk|g_u spbv$pfu L$fu S>hu fus
sApA Ap`_p\u Qpy A_ s_p Mguap_
Ahu fus v$ps fpep S>hu fus sZ
afeps L$ey A_ Ap`_ dmg v$pfhZu
dyS>b s_u Apg rhi eh\p L$fhp
gpL$p_ v$phs Apù A_ Ap` lL$_ Mpu\u
ep A_ Ap`_ S> lyL$d Ap`hpdp
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A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` lTfs
dysap k.A.h._p hku kyû `lpQhp_p
v$fhp R>p, A_ Apl_u ly$s S>_pb
dysTp A.k._p sfuL$p `f Qpgp R>p A_
196
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_ S> L$B kp`hpdp Apey sdp Ap`

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L$fu_ Apl_p bfNyTuv$p gpL$p rhi_u
Z (Mbf).
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap` MfMf
_bu_u Algbsdp\u R>p, S>Ap hku_u
dv$v$ dpV$ r_dpZ \egp R>. ly Nhplu Ap`y
Ry> L$ Ap` Bdp__p v$k v$f$p `f `lpep
A_ Ap` dS>b| s v$gugp A_
r_ip_uAp_p dprgL$ R>p. Ap` _dpT
L$ped L$fu, TL$ps Av$p L$fu, _L$uAp_u
rlv$pes L$fu A_ b|fpB\u gpL$p_ fpep.
Adp_sp kpù v$uû, Apl A_ s_p
fk|g k.A.h. kp\ r_Mpgk fp A_
197
A_y$drZL$p
sd_p fp`p dpV$ kL$V$pdp ûfS> ^fu, ep

kyû L$ Ap` dps_ cVep. Apl gp_s L$f
s_p `f S>Z Ap`_p lL$_p BL$pf L$ep A_
Ap`_u L$v$f _ L$fu. Apl gp_s L$f sAp
`f S>Z Ap`_ vy$:M Apey Ap`_p
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`f S>Z Algbs_p kb^dp Ap`_ fS>
`lpQpX$ep. gp_s L$f Apl A ik `f
S>Z Ap`_p kfv$pfp_p gu^ Ap`_ dZp
dpep. Apl gp_s L$f Apg dpldv$
k.A.h._p vy $ d_p `f. Qpl s
rS>_psdp\u lpe L$ Bkp_pdp\u,
`lgpAp (`|h)dp\u lpe L$ `pR>mhpmp
(A_|)dp\u lpe. A_ s_p `f OZp
198
A_y$drZL$p
ks ATpbdp h^pfp L$f. Apl vy$$v$

dpL$g Ap` `f.
Ae Abp Arv$pl, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. A_
sd_u `rh Algbs_p kp\u A_ Ap`
`f `Z Ae dpgp Adu$g dpAd_u_.
kgpd lp Ap`_p `pL$ Apdp `f A_
`rh v$l `f A_ Ad_ dey `R>u Apl
`psp_p Alkp_ A_ L$fd\u Ap`_u kp\
dmph kpv$ps_p KQp \p_ A_ dpcp
kp\ A_ S>sdp Ap`_u kp\ sd_u R>
R>pepdp AL$W$p L$f. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Abp Arv$pl A_ kgpd lp Ap`_p
cpBAp `f S>Ap Ap`_p Adu_ qiep
199
A_y$drZL$p
lsp. _L$ L$pep L$f_pfp lsp, `lgp_p bp

bfL$s gpL$pdp\u lsp A_ Apl fpls
A_ Myiudp A dpd_p_ fpM S>Ap s `R>u
Aph_pfp R> A_ Apl Ad_ A_ sd_
A gpL$pdp cmhu v$ S>Ap_ Ap` v$ps
fpMp R>p AV$g L$ lTfs dpldv$ dysap
k.A.h. A_ s_u `pL$ Apg. s kp lTfs
`f A_ Ap` `f kgpd lp A_ Apl_u
flds s\p bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
200
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA S>_pb kgdp_ apfku
rhv$pA S>_pb kgdp_

apfku
V1A3lN<,FC[ VG3T AFA]<,FlC,3 D]V3TF
lDGC} J,3 DV3B1}h8M V1G3C} VX3CNM
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201
A_y$drZL$p
rhv$pA S>_pb kgdp_ apfku
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kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Abp
Aqv$pl. Ap` Apl_p A pf R>p
ep\u Asp L$fhpdp Aph R> A_ ep\u
gpc D`pX$u iL$pe R>. ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$
sd MfMf kv$p lL$ hps L$fu A_ kpQy
bpep A_ dpfp dpgp s\p sdpfp dpgp
sfa gpL$p_ lfdp A_ Mp_Nu fus
bpgpep ly sdpfp TpBf b_u sdpfu
rMv$dsdp lpS>f \ep Ry> A_ `psp_u
S>$fuepsp sd_ kp`hp dpNy Ry> A_ lh ly
Ap`\u rhv$pA \B fp Ry> A_ Ap`_u
202
A_y$drZL$p
lyTap edp_u rhj
`pk dpfp v$u_ A_ Ap\p_ Adp_s fpMy

Ry>. s\p dpfp L$pep_y `qfZpd A_ dpfu
bû BR>pAp_ dps_p Aphhp kyû sd_
kp`y Ry> Ap` `f kgpd lp A_ Apl_u
bfL$sp s\p fldsp Dsfsu fl A_
dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u `pL$ Apg `f
Apl_u kghps lp.
lyTap edp_u rhj :
lyTap edp_u_u L$bf `f lpS>fu v$
A_ b_ sV$gu kys _dpTp Av$p L$f.
S>_pb lyTap Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p
Aes dp_hs klpbuApdp\u lsp A_
Adu$g dpAd_u__p Mpk kp\uApdp
203
A_y$drZL$p
spL$ qL$kfp rhj
lsp AfL$p_ AfbpA (Qpf rhri$

qsAp)dp_p AL$ lsp. (kgdp_ apfku,
Ab|Tf Napfu, rdL$v$pv$ Ahv$ L$v$u A_
lyTaA edp_u) Ap byT|Np A hMs_p
dy_praL$p_ M|b Zsp lsp Ddf B_
Mpb_p L$pmdp dv$pe_dp lpqL$d lsp.
`Z sd_ Dspfu `pX$hpdp Apep. `R>u
S>_pb kgdp_ apfku_u haps `R>u
afuhpf dv$pe__p lpqL$d bep. lu. 36dp
Ap` haps `pep A_ Ap S>epA v$a_
L$fhpdp Apep.
spL$ qL$kfp rhj :
Ap OZu Sy>_u Bdpfs R>, S> AL$ ce
dlg lsp. l kyû s_u AL$ L$dp_
204
A_y$drZL$p
spL$ qL$kfp rhj
Aqsh ^fph R> S>_ B_ Mpk bp^

gB iL$pe. Adpf kpbpsu\u qfhpes R> L$
epf Adu$g dpd_u_ A.k. dv$pB_
sifua gpep A_ qL$kfp_p dlg_u
dy g pL$ps L$fu epf Ap`_u kp\
kpbpsuAp_p AL$ hN lsp. Ap` Al]
_dpT `Y$u A_ dlg_ hp fhp_p \ep
A_ v$ga rb_ bplpf\u afdphsp sp
lsp A Al] v$fbpf Apd lsp, Al]
v$fbpf Mpk lsp. hNf hNf. v$ga L$y
Apl_u L$kd Ad S> R> Ahy gpN R> L$
Z bû hsyAp Ap` S> Al] fpMu
lpe.
205
A_y$drZL$p
_hpb Afbp_u qTepfs
Qpf _peb Bdpdp rhj :

bpfdp Bdpd lTfs kplbyTTdp__p
Qpf _pBb Bdpdp `L$u `lgp _peb
S>_pb Aby Ddf Ddp_ rb_ kBv$
Akv$u, bu dpldv$ rb_ Ddp_, u
_peb Abyg L$prkd lyk_ B_ fhl _h
bsu, Qp\p _peb S>_pb dp_hs iM
Abyg lk_ Agu B_ dpldv$ kpdfu R>
A_ Ap` kplbp_p dL$bfp bNv$pv$
ilfdp yv$u yv$u S>epA Aphgp R>.
_hpb Afbp_u qTepfs

_hpb Afbp_u qTepfs_u L$aues
Ap dyS>b R>. S>hu fus L$ iM syku (fl.)
A "slqTb' dp A_ kev$ rb_ spDk
206
A_y$drZL$p
_hpb Afbp_u qTepfs
(fl.) "rdbplyT TpAf'dp gMu R> A_

sApA Ap L$aues _u r_bs Abyg
L$prkd lyk_ rb_ fl (fl.) _u sfa
Apù R> L$ Ap` afdpey L$, sd_u
qTepfsdp `l g p Apl_p fky g
(k.A.h.) `f kgpd L$f, s `R>u S>_pb
Adu$g dpAd_u_ (A.k.), S>_pb
Mv$uS>syg Ly$bfp (k.A.), S>_pb apsdp
Tlfp (k.A.), S>_pb Bdpd lk_
(A.k.) A_ Bdpd lyk_ (A.k.) A_
v$fL$ Bdpd `f kgpd L$f, ep kyû L$
kplbyg A (AS>.) kyû `lpQu e
A_ s `R>u L$l L$, Akgpdp AgL$ ep...
_pAb_y dybpfL$ _pd A_ sd_p hpqgv$_y
207
A_y$drZL$p
_hpb Afbp_u qTepfs
_pd g A_ `R>u L$l :
VxCNM VgGS AFA],3 Dj,F

VNiT V1gCM J VNiT .,iC[ DF
BF1,O3TC] J ,F BF1,O3T V1,IC[ S]1dT
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V1,iC[ J VgGS DF B1]gT lOT3
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208
A_y$drZL$p
_hpb Afbp_u qTepfs
`R>u Apl_p fkyg (k.A.h.) `f kgpd

i$ L$fu_ Bdpd kplbyg A (AS>.)
kyû kgpd L$fsp e, A_ `R>u Ap L$l :
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TJ:;M,LP
`R>u vy$Ap L$f A_ Apl sApgp
S> L$B lpS>s lpe, s sgb L$f...
BipApl s `|fu \i.
209
A_y$drZL$p
BdpdTpv$pAp_u qTepfs
V:;,FDM V1,I3SF ViIMC;3 ;iI[N]h3
hSLiIT]14 T1FC[~,3 J,LiIM JN3NF.1,3
C1OLiIM VX3CNM VgGSF S]1,3TF C1S1S1G3
J GT1S14TF l;1N3S1G3 J NV1J3TF V[,F
DJ3,FIF J DJ3,FSF V1,FlGITG3 J
l;Z3ZG3 OFhF D]tTA[VM2SF J GHF
DM;1N3N[SM2S J BF1AF J B1;[ZF
DMSh7h[8AMSF J,3 DMTB1,3,[OM V1G3,
.X3CN3 ,L A[ CFh[8lCX3 XCFNT[ ,[ VS}G
D[G,3 OF9V[hLGF A[ DV14Z[OT[S J
TF1V1T[S J T;14NLS[2S J .tT[AFV[2S
J;0,FDM V1,I3S IF ;iI[NL JA3G
210
A_y$drZL$p
;iI[NL VG3T AFA]<,FlC,3 D]V3TF J,3

DFV3B}hM8 V1G3CM VTI3TMS hF9V[ZG3 J
CF1HFTL ,S D];3TJ3N[V1G3 J CF VGF hF7
V;3TJ3N[VM2S NLGL J VDFGTL J
B1JFTLD V1D,L J HJFD[V1 VD,L
V[,F D]G3TCF VH,L J;0,FDM V1,I3SF
J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> sd dpfp dpgp_p
aT_p v$fhp R>p Adpfu Adp_sp sd_p
kyû `lpQpX$u A_ sAp_u Adp_s
Adpfp kyû `lpQpX$u sdpfu S>hpbv$pfu
Av$p L$fu A_ sd_p rhfp^ _ L$ep Mpk
r_epbs_u S>hpbv$pfu E`pX$u, ly sdpfp
211
A_y$drZL$p
A lL$_u ApmMpZ kp\ S> sdpfp sAp

`f R>, rkapfs_u S>hpbv$pfudp Mep_s _
L$fu. kgpd \pe sdpfp `f Ae dpfp
dpgp_p aT `lpQpX$hp_p hpsp L$hp dlp_
hpsp R> ! Ae rkapfs_p dlp_ Adp_
A_ cfpkp`p, ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$
Apl sd_ s_p _|f\u _hpep S>\u sd
lTfs_ `$ e iL$ep A_ sd_p dpV$
sdpfu S>hpbv$pfu Av$p L$fu. ly Apep Ry>
r_Mpgksp `|hL$ Apl_u spluv$ s_p
v$psp\u v$psu A_ s_p vy$d_p\u vy$d_u
kp\ A_ A gpL$p_u vy$d_u kp\ S>_
sdpfp rhfp^ L$ep Ae dpfp dpgp_u ly$s
sdpfp hpsp\u sd_p sfa A_ sd_p
hpsp\u Apl sfa S> dpf ep_ R>.
212
A_y$drZL$p
kev$ dpldv$ B_ Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k._u qTepfs
kev$ dpldv$ B_ Bdpd

Agu _L$u A.k._u qTepfs
Ap`_p fpTp bgv$ dyL$pd Aphgp R>.
BT_ vy$M|g
;,FD]<,FC[ J ;,FDM D,F9V[SlT,3

D]S1Z3ZlAG J VD3A[IF9V[lC,3 D]Z3;,LG
J V2[AFN[lC;14 ;F1,[CL2G J HDL.1X3
XMCNF9V[ J;14 l;1N3NLSL2GP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF ;iI[NL JA3G ;iI[NL IA3G
Z;}l,<,FC[ ;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[ J
VF,[CL J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP V,3
C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8 HV1,3GF D[G,3
213
A_y$drZL$p
DJF,LG ,[ VA3GF9V[CL J VJ3l;1IF9V[

VD3A[IF9V[CL J VJ3l,IF9V[CL V,3
C1D3NM l,<,FlC,3 ,hL8 JO3OS1GF ,[
lhIFZT[ VJ3,[IF9V[GF J ;FNFT[GF J
XMOVF1V[GFP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;iI[NL JA3G ;iI[NL IF DJ3,FI JA3G
DJ3,FI IA3G V1,LiI[GL,3 CFNL J
VB1,3 C1;lG,3 V1;3SZLiIM
;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3S]DP IF DJ3,FI
VGF hFV[~G3 ,S J ,[ VALS V
TFV14h7GM,L lAN3 NMB1],P V<,FC]dD
.gGL V;3TFV14h[8GMS J;3TFV14h8[GM
Z;},S ,[ VgGS S]1,3T IF ViIMC<,
214
A_y$drZL$p
,hL8G VFDG} ,F TN3BM2,} AMI]TG3

GALiI[ .<,F ViI]V3h7G ,S]DP
V<,FC] d D .gGL V;3 T FV1 4 h [ 8 G M
D,F9V[ST,3 DMJS3S,LG A[ CFh7,3
C1ZlDX3 XZO[ J ZC14TT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Apl_p A_
kgpd lp Ap` `f Apl_p dyL$fb
aqfspAp_p A_ s_p _buAp_p, s_p _L$
bv$pAp_p A_ sdpd iluv$p s\p
kpQpAp_p, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp
kfv$pf, Ae dpfp kfv$pf_p `y A_ Ae
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h._p afTv$. Ap`
`f Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp _pqTg
\pe.
215
A_y$drZL$p
Apl_p gpM gpM Apcpf L$ S>Z

Ad_ s_p _buAp, hkuAp A_
hguAp_p v$psp b_pep. Apl_p gpM
gpM Alkp_ L$ sZ Ad_ Adpfp
hguAp , kfv$pfp A_ cgpdZ
L$f_pfpAp_u qTepfs_u spauL$ Apù,
kgpd lp Ap` `f dpfp kfv$pf Ae dpfp
kfv$pf_p afTv$, Ae dpfp ApL$p A_ dpfp
ApL$p_p afTv$, Bdpd Ag-lpv$u_p afTv$,
Bdpd lk_ AkL$fu A.k._p cpB, Ap`
`f Apl_u kghps lp.
Ae dpfp ApL$p, ly Ap`_p TpBf Ry>,
A_ Ap`_p r`sp_p TpBf Ry>. ly Ap`\u
v$pMg \hp_u BTs Qply Ry>, Ae Apl
ly spfu `pk\u A_ spfp _bu `pk\u
216
A_y$drZL$p
BTs dpNy Ry> L$, L$dL$ s afdpey R> L$,

Ae Bdp_ gph_pfpAp sd _bu_p Ofpdp
v$pMg _ \ph, S>ep kyû L$ sd_ f _
Ap`hpdp Aph. Ae Apl ly spfp
aqfspAp\u BTs dpNy Ry>, S>Ap Ap
lfd ifua_p v$fbp_p R>, Apl_u fldsp
A_ bfL$sp \pe Ap` D`f.
`R>u v$pMg \pe, Tful dybpfL$
`pk Dcp flu L$lp :
V1A3N]:1;F1,[CM2 J,3 J,LiI]G3 GF;2[C1P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC;3 ;iI[N]h3
hSLiIP V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCT14
TF1C[~,3 JOLiIP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
217
A_y$drZL$p
ViIMCT14 T1SLiI]G3 GSL2iIP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S ViIMCZ3 ZhL2iI],3 DZ3hL2iIP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 VF1,[D],3
H,L,M J,3 DMCh74h7A]G3 GAL,P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 AN~,3
JFh2[CM2 JgGH3D],3 ,FV[CM2P V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G;3 ;FNlT,3 VG3HFA[ J,3
CM2 H lH,3 DIFDLG,3 VT1 4 I FA[ P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3 VV14TFC],3
,FC]N3 N,FV[,,3 JFh2[CF1T[ J,3 SZFDlT,3
AFC[ZFT[ J,3 DMV14H[hFlT,3 DX3C}ZFTP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3 .1G3NC}
T] ; 3 T HFA] N 3 NV1 4 J FTMP V:;,FDM
218
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S IF DG3 OhF1V[,MC} DV14~OT]G3

.1G3N VC3l,,3 SM2ZF J,3 VT14IFA[P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 CF1O[hM6
l,,3 ZFG[ J,3 SF1D[VM2 V1G3C]D3 XZ3Z,3
p2 N 3 J FG[ J,3 SFX[ O M V1 G 3 C ] D 3
DMl,dDFlT,3 VX3HFG[ J,3 VC14hFGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DG3 XZ3ZO]<,FCM
lA,3 SZFDT[ hF7lT,3 AIFG[ J,3
AZFCLlG,3 D]NdD[ZT[ l,;3 ;FZ[SL2G,3
CF1O3OLG A[S AFT2[,,3 J lSh74AG3
V1H3H<,FCM ,C]D3 lA,3 .G3T[SFDP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VAF HV14OlZG3
IF DMC1dDlNA3G[ V1,LiI[lG,3 CFNLP
219
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G,3 .DFDP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VB1,3 .DFDP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF V1dD,3 .DFlD,3
VFB[2h[8 lA:7;F7ZL,3 DC14lNiI[ ;F1C[2lAh3
hDFGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCh14
hF1S[GM l,,3 JFO[NLG V1,I3C[ J,3
SF1;[2NLG .,I3C[ Jh3 hFV[ZLG ,C}P IF
DJ3,FI VTI3TMS JFO[NG3 SF1;2[NG3
hFV[ZG3 OS14h2[ CF1HTL J VZ3GL O
VGF h1I3OMS J HFZMS VGF SF1;[2N]G3
.,I3S J JFO[N]G3 V1,I3S O,F
TM~N3NGL BF1V[2AG3 BF1;[ZG3 VGF
J,LiI]G3 ,[ DG3 JF,FS J V1N]jJ]G3
220
A_y$drZL$p
,[DG3 VF1NFSP IF DJ3,FI OFh

J,LiIMS J h1<, DOFZ[SM2S J GHF
DM;1 N 3 N [ S M2 S J BF1 A J B1 ; [ Z
DMSh74h8[AMS J,3 DMTB1<,[OM V1G3S
.X3CN3,L A[ CFh[8lCX3 XCFNT[ .1G3NS ,[
VS]G D[G,3 OFV[hLG A[ DV14Z[OT[S J
T;14lNS2[S J DMC1aAT[S J:;,FDM
V1,I3S J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP
bv$p A_ r_Mpgk hgu. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae `pL$uTp A_ hapv$pf. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae `flTNpf. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Apl_u Myiudp Myi fl_pf.
221
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae L$urshp_ Aprgd

Ae kL$pfu s\p Dd. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae QdL$sp Qpv$ A_ TNdNsp rkspfp.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae ifua Mp_v$p__p
`y A_ `pL$uTp, bfL$shp_ lyS>S>sp_p
afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f S>_ AplA
`$ v$gugp Apù R>, Ac|s L$fpdsp
A_ dl|f dpArS>Tp Apep. kgpd lp
Ap` `f S>_u Tful `pk vy$ApAp L$b|g
\pe R>. kgpd lp Ap` `f S>_p aTpBg
ilfhpmpAp A_ `pL$uTp gpL$pdp Zusp
R>. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae s L$ S>Ap
`psp_p `X$piuAp_p fnZlpf R>, A_
sd_p\u b|fpB_ v|$f L$f_pfp R> A_ sd_p
`f Aph_pfp vy$:Mp A_ eps_pAp_
222
A_y$drZL$p
V$pm_pfp R>. kgpd lp Ap` `f S>_

Apl hpZu_u L$fpdsp\u _hpS>ep R> A_
Ahu v$gugp Apù R> L$ Ap`_u Asfpa
S|>W$ A_ bprsg r_es\u Qpfp S>dp \ep
R> s_ lgpL$ L$f_pfu R>. Apl sd_p\u
S>v$u bv$gp g. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Abp S>Aaf dpldv$ B_ Agu Aglpv$u. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Bdpd_p
afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Bdpd_p
cpB. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae s Bdpd_p
L$pL$p S> Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p M|__p bv$gp
gi AV$g L$ Bdpd dlv$u kplbyTTdp_.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae S>Ap du_ R>
Ap`_u rMv$dsdp Aph_pfpAp _ p,
Ap`_u qTepfs_p Bfpv$p L$f_pfp A_
223
A_y$drZL$p
Ap`_p Thpfp_p.
Ae dpfp ApL$p ly Ap`_u rMv$dsdp
lpS>f \ep Ry>, Ap`_u rTepfs_p
Apie\u sp dpfu lpS>sp `|fu L$fp A_ d_
Apifp Ap`p L$dL$ ly sdpfp dldp_ Ry>,
sdpfp `X$piu Ry>, ly sdpfu Ly$fbs_p
Bfpv$p\u Apep Ry> A_ Ap`_u S>
rMv$dsdp lpS>f \ep Ry>, d_ r_fpi,
lspi A_ Mpgu lp\ `pR>p _ afhsp, ly
sdpfp v$psp_ v$ps fpMy Ry>, sdpfp vy$d_p
kp\ vy$d_u fpMy Ry>.
Ae dpfp dpgp, sdpfu kp\ v$psu
fpM_pf L$pdepb R> A_ sdpfp\u vy$d_u
L$f_pfp Nydfpl \ep, Ap` kpnu Ap` L$
224
A_y$drZL$p
ly Al] lpS>f \ep Ry> S>\u ly `Z A

gpL$p_u S>d L$pdepb \pJ S>ApA Ap`_u
dpAfas, Ap`_u sv$uL$$ A_ Ap`_u
dplbs_p L$pfZ L$pdepbu lprkg L$fu,
A_ Ap` `f kgpd lp A_ Apl_u
fldsp s\p bfL$sp Dsf.
`R>u `pesu sfa Aphu L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,F HN3N[S,3 D];14T1OFP

V:;,FDM V1,F VALS,3 D]Z3Th1Z3 Z[hF1P
V:;,FDM V1,;3 ;iI[NI3lG,3 C1;G[
J,3 C1];I3GP V:;,FDM V1,F B1NLHT[
225
A_y$drZL$p
pdD[ ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLGP

V:;,FDM V1,F OFT[2DT pD3lD,3
V.dDlTT14 TF1C[ZLGP V:;,FDM V1,G3
GMO]l;,3 OFB[2ZT[ J AMC1}lZ,3 VM2,]lDh3
hFB[2ZT[ J XMOVF1. lO,3 VFB[2ZT[ J
VJ3,[IF9. .1G3N V1J3lNZ3 ~C[2 .,,3
V2[hF5lDG3 GB[2ZT[ V.dDlT,3 B1,3S[2 J
JM,MlT,3 C1S14S1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMCX3 XB14;1]X3 XZLO]T14 TF1C[~,3
SZLDM VTI3TMSP IF DJ3,FI ,[
TS1Z3ZMA[S .1G3N<,FC[ V1h3h J H<, ,[
T;3 V ,<,FC TAFZS J TVF1 , F
V\iIU14O[Z3,L J,[ JF,[NiI J,[ HDLV[2
226
A_y$drZL$p
.B14JFGL J VB14JFTL D[G,3 D]V3D[GLG

J,3 D]V3D[GFT[ O VGF TFV[A]G3 lDG3
HDLV[2 hM8G]AL J .;3ZFOL V1,F GO3;LP
VX3CNM V,3 ,F .,FC .<,<,FCM J
VgG DMC1dDNG3 V1A3NMC} J Z;},MC} J
D];14T1OFCM J VgG V1,LiIG3 J,LiIMC}
J D]H3TAFCM J VgG,3 V.dDT OL
J],3N[CL .,F IJ3lDN3 NLG[ GV14,DM
hF7,[S .1,3D,3 ISL2G[ J GC14GM ,[ hF7,[S
DMV14TN2[S]G J OL G;14Z[lCD3 D]H3TC[N]G
O;3TJ3N[VM2S IF DJ3,FI h7D3AL J
B1JFTLD V1D,L .,F VFAF9V[S J
VH3NFN[ST14 T1iI[lAGT14 TF1C[ZLG J
227
A_y$drZL$p
V1,,3 D,F9V[SlT,3 D]SL2DLG C1J3,

DZS1N[SX3 XZLO[ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap`_p v$pv$p dysap
k.A.h. `f, kgpd lp Ap`_p r`sp Agu
dysTp `f, Apl_u Myiu `f fpTu
fl_pfp `f, kgpd lp b_ kfv$pf Bdpd
lk_ A_ Bdpd lyk_ A.k. `f, kgpd
lp S>lp__u Apfsp_u kfv$pf kev$p kgp.
_u dpsp S>_pb Mv$u k.A. `f, kgpd
lp `pL$ Bdpdp_u dpsp apsdp k.A. `f,
kgpd lp Npfhipmu ApdpAp `f,
rhipm Bd_p v$qfep `f, A_ ApMfsdp
Adpfu iapAs L$f_pfp `f, A_ dpfp `f
228
A_y$drZL$p
A kde `Z lL|$ds A_ hpgu`

^fph_pf epf $lp_ kX$g lpX$L$pApdp
afuhpf a|L$hpdp Aphi, A_ gpL$p_p
Bdpdp `f bflL$ hguAp `f, kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae ifua, `pL$ A_ Dv$pf
Mp_v$p_hpmp.
Ae dpgp ly Ap`_u rMv$dsdp
Ap`_u Ly$fbs_p Bfpv$p\u lpS>f \ep Ry>
Ap` BTTs A_ S>ghphpmp Apl_u
bpfNpldp _S>v$uL$u ^fphp R>p AV$g dpfp
dpV$ Apl_u bpfNpldp vy$Ap L$fp L$ s dpa
L$fu Ap` d_, dpfp dp-bp`_, dpfp b^p
cpBAp A_ bl_p_, dpAdu_p A_
dpAd_ps_, L$dL$ ly b^p Ny_plp `f
229
A_y$drZL$p
ifdpJ Ry>, dpfp Apdp `f d S>

ArsepqsAp L$fu R> s_p psp` L$$ Ry>.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Apl rkhpe L$pB
Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u, dpldv$ dysyap
k.A.h. s_p bv$p, s_p fk|g A_ s_p
Q|V$gp bv$p R>, A_ Agu A.k. s_p hgu
A_ hfpAgp bv$p R>, A_ A b^p Bdpdp
S> L$epds kyû sd_p hidp\u \_pf R>
s_ Ad Mpu`|hL$ ZuA R>uA A_ Ad
sd_p `f Ap\p ^fphuA R>uA A_ d_
sd_u dv$v$ L$fhp_p e_p L$f_pfp R>uA,
Apd ly sd_ kp`y Ry> Ae dpfp dpgp dpfp
b^p Ny_plp, dpfp Apdpg_p As_ S>
dpfp R>p pk kyû \_pfp R>, A_ dpfp
230
A_y$drZL$p
sfa\u kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp

kfv$pf, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ap`_p `rh
A_ `pL$ bpv$-v$pv$pAp A_ hX$hpAp `f,
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ap dp_hs fpTp_u
kcpm fpMhp r_eys \Agp sdpd
aqfspAp `f, Apl_u fldsp A_
bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
Apl sApgp\u vy$Ap dpN.
231
A_y$drZL$p
;FDZF"GF ZMhFGM GSXM
I
J
D
C
B A
N
L
232
A_y$drZL$p
kpdfp_p fpTp_u rhNs

A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
.DFD V,LI]gGSL VP;PGL SA|

.DFD C;G V:SZL VP;PGL SA|
HGFA[ GZ_; BFT}G ;P GL SA|
HGFA[ CSLDF BFT}G ;PGL SA|
DSFD[ UIAT
D]bI NZJFHM
AFA[ lSa,F
5ZXF/
CM8,
U[Z[H
CM8,
.DFDJF0M
233
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k. A_ Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k._u qTepfs
Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k.

A_ Bdpd lk_ AL$fu
A.k._u qTepfs
cfpk
p `p lv$ukpdp lTfs Bdpd
lk_ AL$fu A.k.\u _L$g L$fhpdp Aph
R> L$ Ap` afdpey : dpfu L$bf kpdfpdp
fnZ_u S>ep R>, v$ps A_ v$yd_ b_
dpV$, A_ bgpAp A_ Apl_p ATpb\u
Adp_ v$_pfu R>. B_ L$pghe fl. A
L$pdgT
y qTepfsdp gey R> L$ dpkd|u_
A.k.\u qfhpes R> L$ epf Bdpd Agu
_L$u A.k. A_ Bdpd lk_ AL$fu
A.k._u qTepfs_p Bfpv$p L$fp sp `lgp
Nyg L$fp, `pL$ A_ hR> L$`X$p `lfp.
234
A_y$drZL$p
`R>u `rh fpTp_p v$fhp `f

Dcp flu L$lp
V<,FCM VS3AZ V<,FCM VS3AZ3

,F .,FC .<,<,FCM J<,FCM VS3AZ
V,3 C1D3NM l,<,FC[ V1,F lCNFIT[CL ,[
NLG[CL JtTJ3OLS2[ ,[DF NVF1 .,I3C[ lDG3
;AL,[CLP V<,FC]dD .gGS VO3h1,M
DS14;1}lNG3 J VS3ZDM DV3TLI3lIG3 J S1N3
VTI3TMS DMTS1Z3Z[AG3 .,I3S lAA3G[
lAG3T[ GALiI[S ;1,JFTMS V1,I3CDF
J V1,F VFAF9V[lCDT14 TF1C[ZLG J
VA3GF9V[lCDT14 T1iI[ALGP V<,FC]dD
;1 < ,[ V1 , F DMC1 d DlNJ3 J VF,[
235
A_y$drZL$p
DMC1dDlN\J3 J ,F TMB1I14lIA3 ;V14IL J

,F TS14T1V14 Z@9. JH3V1,3GL .1G3NS
JCG3 lON3 N]G3IF J,3 VFB[2ZT[ J D[G,3
DMS1Z3ZALGP
Apl dlp_ R>, Apl dlp_ R>.
Apl rkhpe L$pB Bbpv$s_ gpeL$ _\u.
sdpd spfua A Apl_u S>Z `psp_p
v$u__u sfa v$pfhZu L$fu A_ `psp_p dpN
`f Qpghp_u kv$byq Apù, A_ s_p
sfa Aphhp_u v$phs Apù. Ae Apl
MfMf sy dp_hs ee R> A_ kp\u
dp_hs R> A_ ly lpS>f \ep Ry> spfu
Ly$fbs dmhhp_p Apie\u spfp _bu_u
bV$u_p `y_p hkugp kp\ A_ `pL$
236
A_y$drZL$p
hX$hpAp A_ `rh hi_p hkugp kp\.

Ae Apl sy flds Dspf dpldv$ A_
Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f A_ dpfu
L$priip_ Am _ S>hp v$, dpfu Apip_ _
spX$S> A_ d_ spfp v$fbpfdp\u vy$r_ep
A_ ApMfsdp dp_ A`Z L$f A_ spfp
hfpAgp bv$pApdp NZu g.
`R>u S>dZp `N Av$f v$pMg \pe
A_ L$l :
;ALl,<,FC[ $ J V1 , F lD<,T[
Z;}l,<,FC[ ;1<,<<FCM V1,I3C[2 J
VF,[CL V<,FC]D3 DU14lOZ3 ,L J ,[
237
A_y$drZL$p
JF,[NiI J ,[ HDL.1,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3

D]V3D[GFTP
v$pMg \pD Ry> Apl_y _pd gB_,
A_ s_u dv$v$ hX$, A_ s_u My_yv$u dpV$,
A_ s_p fk|g k.A.h._u Ddsdp flu_,
Ae Apl sy dpa L$fu v$ d_ A_ dpfp dpbp`_ A_ b^p dpAdu_p A_
dpAd_ps_.
epf lfd_p v$fhp `f `lpQp sp
L$lp :
238
A_y$drZL$p
BT_ vy$M|g
V:;,FDM V1,I3SMDF IF ;iI[NI3

IF VF, AI3lT,3 D];14T1OF VGF
V1 A 3 N MSMDF JA3 G M V1 A 3 N [ SMDF$
Vh74h7,L,M AI3G INI3 SMDF$ V,3
DMV14TZ[OM A[ C1S14S2[SMDF @9V[SMDF
D];3TZG3 A[ lh7dDT[SMDF SF1;[NG3 .,F
C1ZD[SMDF DMTJH3H[CG3 .,F DSF1D[SMDF
D]TJ:;[,G3 .,<,FC[ TVF1,F A[ SMDFP
V VN3BM2,M IF V<,FC V VN3BM2,M IF
GALiI<,FC$ V VN3BM2,M IF VDLZ,3
D]V3D[GLG$ V VN3BM2,M IF OFT2[DTh3
hC3ZF9V[ ;iI[NT lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLG$ V
239
A_y$drZL$p
VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI,3 C1;GA3G

V1,LI3lIG$ V VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI,3
C1];I3GA3G[ V1,LI3lIG$ V VN3BM2,M
IF DJ3,FI V1,LiIA3G,3 C1];I3G$ V
VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI DMC1dDNA3G
V1,LI3lIG V VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI
HV14OZA3G DMC1dDlNG$ V VN3BM2,M IF
DJ3,FI V1,LiIA3G D};F$ V
VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI DMC1dDNA3G
V1,LI3lIG$ V VN3BM2,M IF DJ3,FI
VA,3 C1;G[ V1,LiIA3G$ V VN3BM2,M
IF DJ3,FI IF VAF DMC1dDN[lG,3
C1;GA3G V1,LI3lIG$ V VN3BM2,M IF
240
A_y$drZL$p
D,F9V[ST<,FlC,3 DMJS3S,LG A[
CFh7,3 C1Z3lDX3 XZLOP
kgpd lp Ap` b_ `f Ae dpfp
kfv$pfp Ae Algbs dysap k.A.h. ly
Ap` b__p Nygpd Ry> Ap`_p Nygpd_p `y
Ry> ly lL$uf A_ syR> Ry>. sdpfp b_u kpd
lpS>f \ep Ry>, sdp b__p lL$p\u `qfrQs
A_ sdpfp Apifp ip^sp, sdpfu
qTdv$pfu _S>fdp fpMu, sdpfp b__p
lfd_u qTepfs_p r_Ze\u. sdpfp
v$fS>_ ep_dp fpMu A_ sdpfp
hkugp\u Apl_p hkugp dmhhp.
Ae Apl iy ly Ap lfddp v$pMg \B
iLy$ Ry> ? Ae Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. ly
241
A_y$drZL$p
Ap lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae

Adu$g dpAd_u_ A.k. ly Ap lfddp
v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae rh_u uAp_u
kfv$pf S>_pb apsdp Tlfp kgpdypl ly
Ap lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp
dpgp lk_ B_ Agu A.k. ly Ap lfddp
v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp dpgp lyk_
B_ Agu A.k. ly Ap lfddp v$pMg \B
iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp dpgp Agu B_ lyk_
A.k. ly Ap lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ?
Ae dpfp dpgp dpldv$ B_ Agu A.k.
ly Ap lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp
dpgp S>Aaf B_ dpldv$ A.k. ly Ap
lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp dpgp
d|kp B_ S>Aaf A.k. ly Ap lfddp
242
A_y$drZL$p
v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp dpgp Agu

B_ d|kp A.k. ly Ap lfddp v$pMg \B
iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp dpgp Ae Abg lk_
(lk__p r`sp) Agu B_ dpldv$ A.k.
ly Ap lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae dpfp
dpgp Abp dpldv$ (dpldv$_p r`sp)
lk_ B_ Agu A.k. ly Ap lfddp
v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ? Ae Apl_p
aqfspAp, S>Ap lfd_p fMhpmp R>p, ly
Ap lfddp v$pMg \B iLy$ Ry> ?
243
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k. _u qTepfs
Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k._u

qTepfs
`R>u S>dZp `N lfddp v$pMg \pe
A_ Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k._u Tful kpd
rL$gp sfa ùW$ L$fu Dcp flu_ AL$kp
hMs Aplp AL$bf L$l `R>u L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF VA,3 C1;G[

V1,LI3IA3G DMC1dDlNh3 hSLiIZ3
ZFX[NG3 G}Z;74 ;F7S[2A J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;1OLiI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
l;Z3Z<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C1A3,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
244
A_y$drZL$p
VF9,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF

lB1IZT<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;1O3JT<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
VDLG<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C1S14S1<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C1ALA<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
G}Z,3 VG3JFZP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
hI3G,3 VA3ZFZP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;,L,,3 VB14IFZP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF p2G;M2Z,3 VT14CFZP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF C1]H3HTZ3 ZC14DFGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF ~S3G,3 .DFGP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF DJ3 , ,3 D] V 3 D [ G LGP
245
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LiI;14

;F1,[CL2GP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
V1,D,3 CMNFP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
C1,LOT3 TMSF1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
V1D}NN3 NLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
BF1 T lDG3 GALiILGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G ;iI[lN,3 J;L2iILGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G OFT[2DTh3
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3 VDLG],3
JOLiIMP V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMC,3
V1,D]Z3 ZhL2iIMP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
ViIMC,3 hFC[N]T3 TSL2iIMP V:;,FDM
246
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S ViIMC,3 C]1H3HTM V1,,3 B1,3S2[

VH3 D .1 G $ V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S
ViIMCT3 TF,L l,,3 S] 1 Z 3 V FGP
DMAiI[GM l,,3 C1,F,[ D[G,3 C1ZFDP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCT14 T1ZLS1],3
JFh[2C1P V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCG3
GH3D],3 ,FV[C2MP VX3CNM IF DJ3,FI IF
VA,3 C1;G[ VgGS C]1H3HT]<,FC[ V1,F
B1,3S2[CL J B1,LOTMC} OL AZLiIT[CL J
VDLGMC} OL A[,FN[CL J XFC[NMC} V1,F
V2[AFN[CL J VX3CNM VgGS S,[DT]T3
TS14JF J AFA],3 CMNF J,3 p2Z3JT],3
247
A_y$drZL$p
J];74SF1 J,3 C1]H3HTM V1,F DG3 OJ3S1,3

VZ3h[2 J DG3 TC14T:7;7ZF J VX3CNM
VgGS,3 DMT1C3CZM D[Gh74 hM8G}lA,3
DMAZ3ZVM D[G,3 VM2I]A[ J,3 D]B14T:1;M2
A[ SZFDlT<,FC[ J,3 D]C14A]jJM A[
C] 1 H 3 H lT<,,FC[ J,3 DJ3 C } A M ,C}
S,[DT]<,FC[ JZ3 ~S3G],3 ,hL8 I,3HVM
.,I3lC,3 .AFNM J T]C14IF A[lC,3 A[,FNM
J VX3CMNM IF DJ3,FI VgGL A[S J A[
VFAF9V[S J VA3GF9V[S D]S[2G]G3
DMlS1Z3~G3 J ,S]D3 TFA[p2G3 OL hF7T[
GO3;L J XZFI[V[ NLGL J BF1T[DT[
V1D,L J D]G3S1,AL J D;74JFI J VgGL
248
A_y$drZL$p
J,LiI]G3 ,[ DG3 JF,FS]D3 J V1N]jJ]G3 ,[

DG3 VF1NFS]D3 D]V3D[G]G3 A[ l;Z3Z[S]D3 J
V1 , FlGIT[ S ] D 3 J VjJ,[ S ] D 3 J
VFB[2Z[S]D A[ VAL VG3T J pdDL
J:;,FDM V1,I3S J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Abg lk_
Agu B_ dpldv$ A.k. Ae `pL$uTp,
Ae rlv$pes `pdgp, Ae k`|Z _|f, Ap`
`f Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp Dsf.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_u fku
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Aplhpmp kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p $ kS>_.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p Q|V$gp.
249
A_y$drZL$p

cfpkp`p. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p lL$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p lbub. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
_|fp_p _|f. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae _L$
gpL$p_p iZNpf. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
kpfpAp_u Apgpv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae `qh gpL$p_y d|m. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae fldp__u ly$s. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Bdp__p sc. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae dpAdu_p_p dpgp. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae _L$ gpL$p_p hgu. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae dpNv$i__p r_ip_. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae `flTNpfp_p kp\u. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae v$u__p Ap^pf. kgpd lp
250
A_y$drZL$p
Ap` `f Ae Mpsdybu kgp._p afTv$.

kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae hkuAp_p
kfv$pf_p `y. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
apsdp Tlfp kgp. rh_u Apfsp_u
kfv$pf_p afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Adu_ A_ hapv$pf. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Apl_u hfpAgu r_ip_u. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae `flTNpf A_ Apl\u
X$f_pfp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae sdpd
gpL$p `f Apl_u ly$s. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Ly$fAp__y Dv$pflZ. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae lgpg_ lfpd\u AgN
L$f_pfp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae _kuls
L$fhphpmp, r_hp\ hgu. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae L$pris dpN. kgpd lp Ap` `f
251
A_y$drZL$p
Ae QdL$sp rkspfp.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ae dpfp dpgp,
Ae Abg lk_ A.k. L$ biL$ Ap` gpL$p
Apl_u ly$s R>p A_ s_p kS>_ `f s_p
Mguap R>p A_ s_p ilfp D`f s_p
Ar^L$pfu R>p A_ s_p bv$pAp D`f Nhpl
R>p A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$ Ap`
`lTNpfu_p L$gdp R>p. rlv$pes_p v$fhp
R>p, dS>b|s fku R>p A_ S> L$B S>du_
`f R> A_ S> L$B `pspmdp R> s_p `f
Ap` ly$s R>p A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$
Ap` Ny_plp\u `pL$ R>p A_ b|fpBAp\u v|$f
R>p. Apl_u ly$s b_phhpdp Apep R>p
A_ Ap`_ Apl_p L$gdp Ap`hpdp
Apep R> A_ Ap`_ Ahp $L$_
252
A_y$drZL$p
b_phhpdp Apep R> S>_u `pk Apl_p

bv$pAp Apifp guA R> A_ S>_p\u ilfp
Apbpv$ \pe R> A_ ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> L$
Ae dpfp dpgp ly Ap`_p `f, Ap`_p
hX$hpAp `f, A_ Ap`_u Apgpv$ `f
Ap\p fpMy Ry> A_ Ap`_p lpv$u lphp_p
BL$fpf L$$ Ry> A_ ly dpfp As:L$fZ\u,
v$u__u ifuAsdp, A_ dpfp Apdpg_p
Asdp dpfp `pR>p afhpdp A_ Al]
flhpdp Ap`_p afdpbfv$pf Ry> A_ ly
Ap`_p v$psp\u v$psu fpMy Ry> A_
Ap`_p vy$d_p_p vy$d_ Ry>. Ap`_p cv$p
A_ Ap`_p lfu dfsbp `f, Ap`_p
`lgp `f A_ Ap`_p R>p `f Bdp_
^fphy Ry>. dpfp dp-bp` Ap` `f Ly$fbp_.
253
A_y$drZL$p
Ap` `f kgpd lp, Apl_u fldsp A_

bfL$sp Dsf.
`R>u Tful_ Q|d, `psp_p b_ Npgp_
gNph A_ L$l :

VF,[ DMC1 d DlNJ3 J ;1 < ,[ V1 , F
C]1H3HT[S,3 JOLiI[ J J,LiI[Sh3
hSLiI[ J VDLG[S,3 D]Z3ThF1 J
;1OLiI[S,3 CFNL J ;[2ZFT2[S,3 D];3TSL2D[
J,3 @9N3NlT,3 p2h54DF JT14 T1ZLS1lT,3
J];3TF1 G}Z[ SM2,}lA,3 D]V3D[GLG J
J,LI3lI,3 D]tTSL2G J ;F1C[2lA,3
D]B14,;L2GP V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F
254
A_y$drZL$p
;iI[NGF DMC1dDlNJ3 J VC3,[ AI3T[CL J

;1<,[ V1,F V1,LI3lIA3G[ DMC1dDlNZ3
ZFX[lN,3 DV14;1}D[ D[Gh3 h,,[ JT14 TF1C[Z[
D[G,3 B1,,[ J,3 D]G3S1T2[V2[ .,I3S lA,3
Vdl,D3 D]A3,]jJ[ lA,3 O[TG[ J,3
D]B14TAZ[ lA,3 D[C1G[ J,3 D]D3TC1G[ A[
C1];lG,3 A,3JF J ;1A3lZX3 XS3JF D]Z3X[N[
V[2AFN[S J AZST[ A[,FN[S J DC1<,[
ZC14DT[S J D];3TJ3NV[2 lC1S3DT[S J,3
SF92V[N[ .,F HgGT[S V,3 VF1,[D[ OL
AZLiI[TS J,3 CFNL OL B1,LS1T[S,3
,lh7Z3Th1I3TC} JG3THA3TC} JB14TZ3TC}
,[ DSF1D[ Z;},[S OL pdDT[CL J
255
A_y$drZL$p
V,3hD3TC} lC1O3h5 XZLV1T[CL O;3TS1<,

A[ VV14AF.,3 J;L2iIT[ GFC[h1G3 A[CF J
D]h14T1,[V1G3 A[ C1D3,[CF ,D3 I]V14;7]Z3 OL
D]X3S[l,G3 J ,F COF OL D]V14h2[l,G3 A,3
SXO,3 U]1dDT J ;N3N,3 O]Z3HT J
VN3N,3 D]O3TZh1 V<,FC]dD OS DF
VS14ZZ3T GFh6[Z GALiI[S A[CL O ZS14S2[CL
NZHTC} J VH3lh,3 ,NI3S D;7}ATC} J
;1<,[ V1,I3C[ J A,3l,U14C} lDgGF
T1CLiITG3 J ;,FD\J3 J VFT[GF lDG3
,N]G3S OL DMJF,FT[CL Oh14,G3 J
V[C14;FG\J3 J DU14O[ZT\J3 J lZh14JFGG3
.gGS h7],3 Oh14l,,3 V1hL6DP
256
A_y$drZL$p
Ae Apl dpldv$ A_ Apg

dpldv$ A.dy.k. `f kghps dpL$g A_
flds Dspf, spfu ly$s `f, spfp `pL$
hgu `f, spfp `kv$uv$p Adp_sv$pf `f,
A_ spfp Q|V$gp riMpdZ L$f_pf `f, spfp
ku^p dpN `f, spfp dlp_ fsp `f, A_
spfp ded dpN `f, dpAdu_p_p qv$g_p
_|f `f, `flTNpfp_p hgu `f, spfp
r_Mpgk bv$pAp_p kfv$pf `f, flds
_pqTg L$f.
Ae Apl vy$$v$ dpL$g Adpfp kfv$pf
dpldv$ k.A.h. `f A_ s_u Algbs
`f. A_ kghps dpL$g Agu B_
dpldv$ S> op_u R>, dAk|d R>,
257
A_y$drZL$p
MspAp\u `pL$ R>. Abp\u `pL$ R>.

ra_pApdp AS>dphpAgp R>, dl_s_u
L$kpV$u `f `fMpAgp R> A_ v$fL$ `fM_u
`qfnpdp `pf Dsfgp R>. v$fL$ vy$:Mdp
kbf L$f_pfp R>, spfp bv$pAp_ riMpdZ
Ap`_pf R>, spfp ilfp_u bfL$s R>. spfu
flds_y Of R> A_ spfu ipZ`Z
^fph_pf R>. S>s_p dpNv$iL$ R>, spfp
kS>L$pdp rhp_ R>, A_ spfp bv$pAp_p
lpv$u R>, S>_ s `kv$ L$ep R>, Q|V$gp R>,
A_ Ar^L$pf Apep R>, sd_ spfp
fk|g_u S>epA s_u Dds `f, A_ s_
s ifuAs_u S>hpbv$pfu kpù R>, L$dL$
Ap` hrkes_p bpS> D`pX$u gu^p, A_
s_ kl_ L$fhp iqsdp_ fp, _ L$pB
258
A_y$drZL$p
L$W$u_ dyL$ugdp cV$ep, _ L$pB kMs

dp apev$p hNf_u hps L$fu, bL$ Ny
hpsp_ lf L$fu v$uû, A_ kL$V$p_ v|$f
L$ep, A_ af bhu gpep, Ae Apl
S>hu fus s Ap Bdpd_p gu^ s spfp
_bu_u ApM_ W$X$L$ `lpQpX$u Ahu S> fus
sd_u rs$p_ KQu L$f, A_ sd_p
khpbdp h^pfp L$f, sd_p `f kghps
dpL$g, Adpfp sfa\u sd_ _d_ A_
kgpd `lpQpX$, A_ Ad_ spfu `pk\u
sd_u v$psu_p L$pfZ, aTg, Alkp_,
dpau A_ spfp Mpk fp`p Ap`, MfMf
sy dpV$p D`L$pfu R>.
`R>u vy$Ap dpN b fL$ps _dpT
A_ S>_pb kev$p kgp. _u sbul
259
A_y$drZL$p
`Y$ `R>u Ap vy$Ap `Y$:
IF h7,3 S]1N3ZlT,3 @D[V1T[ JZ3

ZC1 4 D lT,3 JF;[ V 1 T [ J,3 D[ G lG,3
DMTTFV1A[ J,3 VF,F9.,3 DMTJFT[ZT[
J,3 VIFlN,3 H,L,T[ J,3 DJFC[lA,3
HhL,T[ ;1<,[ V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlN;14 ;F1N[SL2GP J VV14T2[GL
;]V3,L JH3DV14 XD3,L J ,]dD XV14;L8 J
hS3S[ V1D,L J ,F TMlhU14 S1,3AL AV14N
.h74 CNI3TGL J ,F TMlh<, S1NDL J ,F
TlS,3GL V[,F GO3;L T1Z3OT V1I3lGG3
VAN\J3 J ,F TMB1I3lIA3 T1D.1 J ,F
T]A3N[ V1J3ZTL J ,F TC3lTS3 l;T3ZL J ,F
260
A_y$drZL$p
T}lC1X3GL J ,F T]V3lI;3GL J S]G3 AL

ZpOG3 ZCL2DG3 JC3N[GL J hS3S[GL J
T1C3lCZ3GL J ;1O3O[GL J;14T1O[GL J
B1,3l,;14GL J;3TB14l,;14GL J;14GV14GL
J;14T1G[V14GL J S1Z3lZA3GL .,I3S J ,F
TMAF.1N3GL lDG3S J,3T1]O3 AL J ,F
TH3OMGL J VS3lZD3GL J ,F TMlCgGL J
DF V;3V,MS O ,F TC14lZDGL J DF ,F
V;3V,MS OH3DV14C} ,L A[ ZC14DT[S IF
VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLG J V;3V,MS A[ C]1Z3DT[
JH3C[S,3 SZLD[ J A[ C]1Z3DT[ GALiI[S
DMC1dDlNG3 ;1,JFTMS V1,I3C[ J
VF,[CL J A[ C1]Z3DT[ VC3,[ AI3T[ Z;},[S
261
A_y$drZL$p
VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1,LI3lIG3 J,3

C1;G[ J,3 C1];I3G[ J V1,LI3lIG3 J
DMC1dDlNJ3 J HV14OlZG3 J D};F J
V1,LI3lIG3 J DMC1dDlNJ3 J V1,LI3lIG3
J,3 C1;G[ J,3 B1,lO,3 AFSL2 ;1,JFTMS
J AZSFTMS V1,I3lCD3 VG3 TM;1<,[I
V1,C3lCD3 VH3D.1G J TMV1H3H[, OZH
SF92V[D[lCD3 A[ VD3Z[S TG3;F[2ZC} J
TG3T;2[Z A[CL ,[ NLG[S J TH3V1,GL OL
H]D3,lTG3 GFG A[CL J,3 D]B14,[;L2G
OL TF1V1T[CL J V;3V,MS A[ C1S14S[2lCD3
,D3 D;3THA3T ,L NV14JTL J S1h1I3T
,L CF1HTL J VV14T1I3TGL ;]V3,L J
262
A_y$drZL$p
SOI3TGL DF VCdDGL lDG3 VD3Z[

N]G3IFI J VFB[2ZTL IF VZ3C1DZ3
ZFC2[DLGP IF G}ZM IF A]Z3CFGM IF DMGLZM
IF DMALGM IF ZA3lAS3O[GL XZ3ZX XM~Z[
J VFOFlTN3 NMC}Z[ J V;3V,MSG3 G@T
IJ3D I]G3OBM2 lO:1;1}ZP
Ae k`|Z iqsdp_, Ae rhipm
v$ephp_, r_f s f D`L$pf L$f_pfp,
D`fpD`fu _Adsp Ap`_pf, dpV$p dpV$p
B_pdp Ap`_pf A_ A`pf A`Zlpf,
vy$$v$ dpL$g dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$
A.dy.k. `f, S>Ap kpQpAp R>.
dpfp khpg `|fp L$f, dpfu `fip_u v|$f
263
A_y$drZL$p
L$f, dpfp Ly$Vy$buAp_ cNp fpM, dpfu

rhlhmsp_ v|$f L$f, dpfp L$pep_ hR>
b_ph, A_ d_ spfu rlv$pes `lpQpX$ep
`R>u cV$L$hp _ v$, dpfp `Np_ g`khp _ v$
A_ d_ dpfu Dduv$p_ lhpg _ L$f, AL$
`mhpf `Z, ldip ldip dpV$, dpfu
Apip_ r_fpi _ L$f, dpfp L$gL$p_ lf _
\hp v$, dpfp cfd _ spX$ d_ cedp _
_pM, d_ lspi _ L$f, dpfp `f dlfbp_
b_u , fld L$f d_ fsp v$MpX$$, dpfu
ky^pfZp L$f, d_ `pL$ L$f, A_ dpa
(r_dm) b_ph, d_ `kv$ L$fhp gpeL$
b_ph, d_ r_hp\ b_ph, d_ r_Mpgk
b_ph, dpfu L$mhZu L$f, A_ d_
L$mhpeg b_ph, d_ spfu _S>v$uL$u Ap`,
264
A_y$drZL$p
d_ spfp\u v|$f _ L$f, dpfp `f ep_ Ap`,

dpfp `f ksu _ L$f, A_ dp_hs L$f, d_
lX$^|s _ L$f, A_ ly spfp\u S> L$B dpNy Ry>
sdp d_ r_fpi _ L$f, A_ ly _\u dpNsp s
dpfp dpV$ kNlu fpM. spfu fldsp_p
hpsp, Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u
h^pf fld L$f_pf.
ly spfp\u khpg L$$ Ry>, spfp L$urshs
Qlfp_p hpsp\u, spfp _bu dpldv$
k.A.h._u lyfds_p hpsp\u, spfp
fk|g_u Algbs_u lyfds_p hpsp\u,
Adu$g dpAd_u_ Agu A.k. Bdpd
lk_ A.k., Bdpd lyk_ A.k., Bdpd
T_yg Apbv$u_ A.k. Bdpd dpldv$
bpqL$f A.k., Bdpd S>Aaf kpqv$L$
265
A_y$drZL$p
A.k., Bdpd dykp L$pqTd A.k., Bdpd

Agu fTp A.k., Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u
A.k., Bdpd Agu _L$u A.k., Bdpd
lk_ AL$fu A.k., Bdpd kplbyT
Tdp_ A.k. A kp `f spfu kghps A_
bfL$sp _pqTg lp A_ A sdpd `f spfu
flds Dspf A_ sd_p L$pBd_ S>v$u lf
L$f S> spfp lyL$dp_y `pg_ L$fph_pf R>, sy
sd_u dv$v$ L$f, A_ s_p\u spfp v$u__u
dv$v$ g, A_ dpfu NZu A gpL$pdp L$f
S>Ap sd_p hX$ dpn dmhi A_ spfu iy
d_ spbv$pfu L$fi A_ sd_p lL$_p
hpsp\u ly dpNy Ry> L$ dpfu vy$Ap L$b|g L$f,
dpfu lpS>sp `|fu L$f A_ ly S> L$B dpNy Ry> s
Ap`, A_ vy$r_ep A_ ApMfs_p sdpd
266
A_y$drZL$p
dpdgpdp dp$ `pjZ L$f, Ae fld

L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf,
Ae L$pi, Ae v$gug, Ae L$pris
L$f_pf, Ae hZ_ L$f_pf, Ae `pg_lpf.
b^p v|$jZp\u d_ bQphu g A_ vy$ep_u
Apasp\u bQph A_ ly A qv$hk spfp\u
_s_p Dduv$hpf Ry> S> qv$hk k|f
a|L$hpdp Aphi.
`R>u vy$Ap dpN
cfpkp`p lv$ukdp R>. Bdpd Agu
_L$u (A)_u rMv$dsdp dk|f khpg L$ep
d_ L$pB Ahu vy$Ap riMhpX$p, L$ S>_p hX$ ly
Apl_u _S>v$uL$u dmhu iLy$, Ap`
afdpey L$, Ap vy$Ap ly hpfhpf `Xy$ A_
267
A_y$drZL$p
Apl\u lpS>sp dpNy R>y AV$g S> L$pB

ik dpfp `R>u dpfp fpTpdp Ap vy$Ap
`Y$Isp Apl s_ r_fpi _l] L$f A_ s
vy$Ap Ap R>.
IF p2NNTL .1gN,3 V1NN[$ J IF ZHF9.

J,3 D]V14TDN$ J IF SC3OL J:;GN$ IF
JFC[2NM$ IF VCNM$ J IF S1], CMJ<,FCM
VC1NP V:V,MS V<,FC]dD A[ C1SS[2
DG3 B1,S14T lDG3 B1<S2[S$ J ,D3 TH3V1,
OL B1<S2[SP lD:7,C]D3 VC1NG3$ ;1<,[ V1,F
HDFV1T[lCD3 JO3V1,3 ALP
268
A_y$drZL$p
`psp_u lpS>sp Apl sApgp\u dpN

Ae NZsfu kde dpfp M_p Ae
dpfu Kduv$ A_ cfpkp Ae dpfu
`_plNpl A_ Ap^pf Ae AL$ A_
AL$gpS> Ae (L$lp) Apl AL$ S> R> Ae
Apl ly s_ spfu dMg|L$_p hpsp Ap`y
Ry> s_p S>hu s dMg|L$ b_phu S> _\u sAp
D`f flds _prTg L$f dpfu kp\ Ap
dyS>b hs_ L$f.
`psp_u lpS>sp Apl sApgp\u dpN
269
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k._u qTepfs

qTepfs
Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k._u Tful
`pk Dcp fl A_ `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DJ3,FI IF VAF

DMC1dDlN,3 C1;GA3G V1,LI3lIlG,3
CFN[I,3 D]C3TN[I J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J
AZSFTMCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
J,LiI<,FC[ JA3 G VJ3 , [ I F9 V [ C 3 P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C1]H3HT<,FC[
JA3G CM2HHCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;1 O LiI<,FC[ JA3 G V;1 4 O [ I F9 V [ C P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF B1,LOT<,FC[
270
A_y$drZL$p
JA3G BM2,OF9V[C J VAF B1,LOT[CLP

V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G BF1TlDG3
GALiILGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
;iI[lN,3 J;L2iILGP V::,FDM V1,I3S
IA3G VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IA3G ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3
VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G,3
V.dDlT,3 CFNLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IA3 G ,3 VJ3 ; [ 2 I F.Z3 ZFX[ N LGP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF .1;14DT,3
D]tTSL2GP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
.DFD,3 OF9V[hLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF ~S3G,3 D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM
271
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3S IF OZH,3 D,3C}OLGP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S IF JFZ[;7,3 VD3A[IF9.,3
D]G3THALGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
BF1h[G .1,3D[ J;L2iI[ Z;}l,<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S ViIMCN3 NF.2 A[
C] 1 S 3 l D<,FCP V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S
ViIMCG3 GFT[2SM2 A[ lSTFlA<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF C]1H3HT,3 CM2HH[P
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF CFN[I,3 VMDDP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF J,LiIG3 G[V1DP
V:;F,DM V1,I3S IF V1I3AT,3 .1,3DP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF ;OLGT,3 lC2,3DP
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF VA,3
272
A_y$drZL$p
.DFDlD,3 D]G3Th5lZh54 h5FC[ZT[ l,,3

VF1S[2,[ C]1H3HTMC} J;74 ;F7A[TT[ lO,3
ISL2G[ DV14Z[OTMC],3 D]C14THA[ V1G3
VV14IMlGh54 h5F,[DLG J,3 DMU1iIA[
V1G3 NJ3,lT,3 OF;[SL2G J,3 DM.2N[
ZaAMGF A[lC,3 .;3,FD HNLNG3 AV14N\,3
.G3T[2DF;[ J,3 S1]Z3VFG U1h14h1G3 AV14N,3
.G3N[ZF;P VX3CNM IF DJ3,FI VgGS
VS1D3T;14 ;1,FT J VFTI3Th3 hSFT J
VDZ3T lA,3 DV14~O[ J GCI3T V1lG,3
D]G3SZ[ J NV1J3T .,F ;AL,[ ZaA[S
lA,3 lC1S3DT[ J,3 DJ3V[2h5lT,3 C1;GT[ J
V1AN3T<,FC D]B14,[;1G3 C1tTF VTFS,3
273
A_y$drZL$p
ISL2GP V;3V,]<,FC lAX3 XV3lG,3

,hL8 ,S]D3 .1G3NC} VG3 ITS1aA,
lhIFZTL ,S]D3 J IX3SMZ ;V14IL
.,I3S]D3 J I;3TA N]VF92. A[S]D3 J
IH3V1,GL lDG3 VG3;F1lZ,3 C1S14S2[ J
VT3AFV2[CL J VX3IFV2[CL J DJF,LC[ J
DMlC1aALC[ J:;,FDM V1,I3S J
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dpfp dpgp
lk_ B_ Agu, rlv$pes L$f_pf A_
rlv$pes `pdgp Ap` `f Apl_u fldsp
A_ bfL$sp Dsf. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p hgu A_ s_p hguAp_p afTv$.
274
A_y$drZL$p
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_u ly$s

A_ s_u ly$s_p `y, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae Apl_p Q|V$gp A_ s_p Q|V$gpAp_p
afTv$ . kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p
Mguap A_ s_p MguapAp_p `y A_
Mguap_p r`sp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Mpsdybu k.A.h._p afTv$. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae hkuAp_p kfv$pf_p afTv$
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Adu$g
dpAd_u_ A.k._p afTv$. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae rhp_u uAp_u kfv$pf_p
afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae qv$Nv$iL$
Bdpdp_p afTv$. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
dpNv$iL$ Bdpdp_p afTv$. kgpdp lp Ap`
275
A_y$drZL$p
`f Ae `flTNpfp_p fnZlpf. kgpd lp

Ap` `f Ae DuZ gpL$p_p Bdpd. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae dpAdu_p_p sc. kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae ipL$Nsp_u dv$v$ L$f_pf.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae ifua Arbep_p
hpqfk. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p
fk|g_p hku_p Bd_p M_Qu. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae L$gpd Bgplu pfp hps
L$f_pf. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae v$gugp_u
v$gug. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae sdpd
Ddsp_u rlv$pes L$f_pfp. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae _Adsp_p dprgL$. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae op_ `pdgp. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae rlgd_u L$su. (kl_iugsp_u
276
A_y$drZL$p
_ph). kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Bdpd

dysTf_p r`sp S>_u v$gug byqipmuAp
kpd `$ R>. S> rhpkdp AX$N R> A_
S>_u ApmM Tprgdp_u ApMp\u Ae
R> A_ S> vy$$p lL|$ds\u v|$f R>. S>_p\u
`fhfqv$Npf Bgpd_ afu kh_ L$fi
A_ _hh_ Apì. epf L$ s Msd \B
fp li, A_ Ly$fAp__p rkpsp_ sp>
L$fi epf s c|gpB fp li.
MfMf sd _dpT L$ped L$fu A_ TL$ps
Av$p L$fu A_ _L$uAp_p lyL$d Apep A_
b|fpB\u gpL$p_ fpL$ep A_ `psp_p
`pg_lpf_p dpN `f bp^_u A_ duW$u
277
A_y$drZL$p
hpZu\u gpL$p_ bpgpep A_ Apl_u

iy bv$Nu L$fu ep kyû L$ Ap` ilpv$s_
cV$ep.
Apl `pk Ap`_p S> dp_ A_ dpcp
R> s_p hpsp Apù ly Apl\u dpNy Ry> L$
s dpfu Ap qTepfs L$b|g L$f. A_ Ap`_u
bpfNpldp dpfu lpS>fu_ `kv$ L$f. dpfu
vy$ApAp Ap`_p hpsp\u L$b|g afdph
A_ d_ lL$_p dv$v$Npfpdp, s_u `fhu
L$f_pfpApdp, s_p V$pmpdp, s_p v$pspdp
A_ s_p\u dplbs L$f_pfpApdp NZu g
A_ Ap` `f kgpd lp A_ Apl_u
flds s\p bfL$sp _pqTg \pe.
`R>u Tful dybpfL$_ Q|d A_ `psp_y
278
A_y$drZL$p
dpYy$ Tful `f Ok `R>u L$l :
V<,FC] d D ;1 < ,[ V1 , F ;iI[ N GF

DMC1dDlNJ3 J VC3,[ AI3T[CL J ;1<,[
V1,,3 C1;lGA3G[ V1,LiI[lG,3 CFNL
.,F NLG[S JN3NF.1 .,F ;AL,[S
V1,lD,3 CMNF J DGFlZT3 TMSF1 J
DV14N[lG,3 C[2@ J DV3JG3 GMCF J
U1I3l;7,3 JZF J ;1CF1lA,3 lC2S3DT[ J
AC14lZ,3 DJ3V[2h5T[ J JFZ[l;7,3 V.dDT[
JX3 XCLN[ V1,,3 pdDlT,3 DV14;1}lD,3
DMCh74h7A[ J,3 OFh2[l,,3 DMS1Z3ZA[$ J,3
DMT1C3CZ[ D[GZ3 lZH3l;,3 ,hL8 JZ3Z;74TC}
.1,D,3 lSTFA[ J V,3CD3TC} O;14,,3
279
A_y$drZL$p
B[2TF1A[ J G;1A3TC} V1,DG3 ,[ VC3,[

lS1A3,T[S$ J S1ZG3T TF1V1TC} A[
TF1V1T[S J OZh14T DJN3NTC} V1,F
HDLV2[ B1,LS1T[SP V<,FC]dD O SDF
VGFA A[ C1];3lG,3 .B14,F;2[ OL TJ3CL2N[S
J VZ3NF DG3 BF1h1 OL TX3ALC[S J CF1DF
V1G3 VC3l,,3 .DFG[ A[S O ;1<,[ IF
ZaA[ V1,I3C[ ;1,FTG3 I,3C1SM2 A[CF
DC1<,D BF1X[.1G J IV14,} lO,3 HgGT[
A[ NZHT[ HN3N[CL BF1TlDG3 GALiILG J
A,3l,U14C} lDgGF TCL2iITG3 J ;,FD\J3
J VFT[GF lDG3 ,N]G3S OL DMJF,FT[CL
Oh14,\J3 J V[C14;FG\J3 J DU14O[ZTJ3 J
280
A_y$drZL$p
lZh14JFGG3 .gG h7} Oh14l,G3 V1hL6lDG3 J

DG3lGG3 H;LDP
Ae Apl kghps dpL$g Adpfp
kfv$pf dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u
Algbs `f A_ kghps dpL$g lk_
B_ Agu A.k. `f S> spfp v$u__u
rlv$pes L$f_pfp R> A_ spfp dpN `f
bpg_pf R>. S> dpNv$i__p r_ip_,
`flTNpfu_p rd_pfp, byq_u MpZ A_
kdS>Z_y Ape \p_, kS>_p_u aqfepv$
`lpQ_pfp, rlL$ds (Qps|e) _p hpv$m,
riMpdZ_p kdy, Bdpdp_p hpqfk,
Dds `f Nhpl, S> r_v$pj A_ kL$pfu
R>, aTghpmp A_ (Apl)_u _S>v$uL$
281
A_y$drZL$p
s\p Ny_plp\u `pL$ R>, qL$spb (Ly$fAp_)_p

Bd_p hpqfk R>, A_ sd_ hL$shL$mp
Ap`hpdp Aphu R> A_ Alg qL$gp
(_dpTuAp) dpV$ r_ip_ b_phhpdp
Apep R> A_ sd_u spbv$pfu_ `psp_u
BspAs kp\ kpL$mu ghpdp Aphu R> A_
sd_u dplbs b^p gpL$p `f afeps
L$fhpdp Aphu R>.
Ae Apl S>hu fus sA
pA
spfu
spluv$_ Mprgk L$fu A_ S>Z
spfu rdkpg
dpV$ Dv$plfZ_p rhQpf L$ep s_ L$pù _pep,
A_ spfp Mpsf Bdp_hpmpAp_u sfav$pfu
L$fu. sp Ae `pg_lpf sd_u `f kghps
dpL$gS> sd_ MpiB_ (Apl\u
282
A_y$drZL$p
X$f_pfpAp)_p \p_ `lpQpX$ A_ S>sdp

sd_p v$pv$p Mpsd
y bu k.A.h._p v$f$>
`lpQpX$ A_ dpfp sfa\u sd_ kgpd A_
_L$hQ_ `lpQpX$ A_ spfu `pk\u d_
sd_u dlpbsdp spfp aTg, D`L$pf, spfu
dpau A_ My_vy$u Ap`. MfM
f sy dpV$p
aTg L$fhphpmp A_ dpV$p D`L$pf
L$f_pfp R>.
`R>u Ap vy$Ap `Y$ :
IF NF9V[DM IF NI3D}DM IF C1iIM IF

S1iI}DM IF SFX[O,3 SZ3A[ J,3 CdD[ J IF
OFZ[H,3 U1dD[ J IF AFV[2;7Z3 ZM;M,[ J IF
283
A_y$drZL$p
;F1N[S1,3 JV14N[ J IF C1iIM ,F .,FCF

.<,F VG3T VTJ:;,M .,I3S A[
C1ALA[S DMC1dDlNJ3 J J;L2iI[CL
V1,LI3lIlGA3G[ V1dD[CL J ;2[C3Z[CL
V1,A3GT[CL,3 ,hL8 B1TD3G A[C[DX3
XZFI[V1 J OTC14T A[C[DT3 TV3JL, JT14
T1,F9I[V1 O ;1<,[ V1,I3C[DF ;1,FTG3
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IG3H} A[C,3 VJ3,[IFVM J;14 ;F1,[C1}G J
VTJ:;,M .,I3S A[ OFT[2DTh
hC3 Z F9 V [ JF,[ N lT,3 V.dDlT,3
DC3 N LiILG J ;iI[ N T[ lG;F.,3
VF1,DLG,3 DMXO3OV1T[ OL XLV1T[
284
A_y$drZL$p
VJ3,FN[CT14 T1iI[ALG O ;1<,[ V1,I3CF

;1,FTG3 NFV[DTG3 VAN,3 VFA[NLG J
NC3ZN3 NFC[ZLG J VTJ:;,M .,I3S
lA,3 C1;lGZ3 ZhL2IlIT14 TF1C[lZh3
hSLiI[ J,3 C1];I3lG,3 Dh54,]lD,3
DZ3hL2I3lI,3 AZ3lZT3 TSL2iI[ ;iI[NI3
XAFA[ VC3l,,3 HgGlT,3 .DFDI3lG,3
B1iI[ZI3lGT14 T1iI[AI3lGT3 TSL2iIlGG3
GSL2iIlGT14 TF1C[ZI3lGX3 XCLNI3lG,3
Dh54,}DI3lG,3 DS14T},I3G[ O ;1<,[
V1,I3C[DF DF T1,V1T3 XD3;]\J3 J DF
U1ZAT3 ;1,FTG3 DMTJF,[ITG3 J
DMTTF,[IT\J3 J VTJ:;,M .,I3S A[
285
A_y$drZL$p
V1,LI3lIA3lG,3 C1];I3G[ ;iI[lN,3

VF1A[NLG,3 DC14H}A[ lDG3 B1J3lOh54
h5 F ,[ D LG J A[ DMC1 d DlNA3 G [
V1,LiI[lG,3 AFS2[lZT14 TF1C[lZG3 G}lZh3
hFC[ Z L,3 .DFDI3 l G;3 ;iI[ N I3 G [
lDO3TFC1lI,3 AZSFT[ J lD;14AFC1lIh54
hM6,MDFT[ O ;1<,[ V1,I3C[DF DF ;ZF
,I3,]G3 J DF VhF92V GCF~G3 ;1,FTG3
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A[ D};A3G[ HV14OlZG3 lG,3 V1A3lN;14
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286
A_y$drZL$p
GF;[2lC2,3 .DFDI3lG,3 CFN[II3lG,3

DC3NLII3lG,3 JFO[II3lG,3 SFO[II3G[ O
;1<,[ V1,I3C[DF DF ;aAC1 ,S D,S]G3
J T1C1Z3ZS ,S O,S]G3 ;1,FDG3 T]G3DF T
ThLNM J ,F TO3GF J ,F TALNM J
VTJ:;,M .,I3S A[ V1,LI3lIA3G[
D} ; Z3 Z[ h F1 J A[ DMC1 d DlNA3 G [
V1,LiI[lG,3 D]Z3Th1,3 .DFDI3lG,3
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292
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293
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294
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295
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297
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298
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299
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300
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301
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303
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308
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TJ:;,3TM J V1,F U1]O3ZFG[S J
l2C,3D[ST3 TS,3TM J A[SV14 T;1D3TM A[
S1A3Z[ pdD[ J,LiI[S ,]h74TM O ;1<,[ V1,F
DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDN3$ JG3OV14GL
A[ lhIFZT[CF J ;7A3lAT3GL V1,F
DC1aAT[CF J ,F TC14lZD3GL XOFV1TCF
J XOFV1 T J,N[ C F JZ3 h 1 ] S 1 4 G L
DMZFOS1TCF JC14X]Z3GL DV1CF J DV1
J,N[CF S DF JO3OS14TGL ,[ lhIFZT[
J,N[CF J lhIFZT[CFP V<,FC]dD .gGL
311
A_y$drZL$p
VTJH3HCM .,I3S lA,3 V.dDlTT14

T1FC[ZLG J VTJ:;,M .,I3S lA,3
CM2HlH,3 DIFDLG[ lDG3 VF,[ TF1CF J
IF;L9G VG3 TM;1<,[I V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3
J VF,[ DMC1dDlNT14 T1iI[ALG J VG3
TH3 V 1 , GL D[ G ,3 D] T 1 4 D .gGL,3
O9FV[hLG,3 OZ[C2LG,3 D];3TA3X[ZLG,3
,h8LG ,F B1J3O]G3 V1,I3lCD3 J ,F C]D3
IC14hG}G JH3V1,GL lDdDG3 S1lA,3T
;1V14IC} J I:;Z3T VD3ZC}$ J SXO3T
h]1Z3ZC} J VDFG3T B1J3OCP V<,FC]dD
A[C1S14S2[ DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3
;1 < ,[ V1 , F DMC1 d DlNJ3 J VF,[
312
A_y$drZL$p
DMC1dDlNJ3 J ,F TH3V1,C} VFB2[Z,

V1 C 3 N [ lDG3 lhIFZTL .iIFCF
JZ3h]S14GL,3 V1J3N .,I3CF VANG3 DF
VA3S1I3TGL J V[h7F TJO3OI3TGL
OC14X]Z3GL OL h]D3ZT[CF J VN3lB1,3GL OL
XOFV1T[ J,N[CF J XOFV1T[CF JU14lOZ3
,L J ,[ JF,[NiI J l,,3 D]V3D[GLG J,3
D]V3D[GFT[ J VFT[GF lON3 N]G3IF
C1;GT\J3 J lO,3 VFB[2ZT[ C1;GT\J3
JS[2GF A[ ZC14DT[S V1hF7AG3 GFZ[
J:;,FDM V1,I3S]D3 IF ;FNTL J
313
A_y$drZL$p
Ae Apl ly spfp `f cfpkp L$$ Ry>

A_ spfp fp`p Qply Ry> A_ spfp
hguAp_ spfp hpsp\u hkugp b_phy Ry>
A_ spfu brni A_ spfp X$lp`Z `f
Ap\p fpMy Ry> A_ spfp\u kb^ Xy$ Ry>
A_ spfp hgu_u dpsp_u L$b `f Ape
gJ Ry>, sp dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$
k.A.h. `f vy$$v$ Dspf, A_ sd_u
qTepfs_p L$pfZ sy d_ _ap `lpQpX$ A_
sd_u dlpbsdp d_ kprbs L$v$d fpM
A_ d_ sd_u iapAs A_ sd_p
afTv$_u qTepfs_p dpL$p Apep.
Ae Agpl ly sp$ ep_ ^$ Ry>,
Bdpdp A.k._p hkugp kp\ A_ ly spfu
314
A_y$drZL$p
kp\ A hpsdp cmy Ry>, dybpfL$ ly$sp A_

Apg splp A_ epku_ kp\ L$ dpldv$
k.A.h. `f A_ sd_u `pL$ Apg `f vy$$v$
Dspf, A_ d_ A gpL$pdp NZu g S>Ap
kspju, L$pepb A_ Myi R>, S>Ap_
S>s_u Myi Mbfu Ap`hpdp Aphu R>
A_ A hps_u `Z L$ _ sp sd_ L$pB hps_p
X$f li A_ _ sp sAp NdNu_ \i A_
d_ A gpL$pdp NZu g, S>_u L$priip_ s
L$b|g afdphu, A_ sd_p L$pd Apkp_ L$ep
A_ sd_p _yL$kp__ v|$f L$ep A_ X$f\u
sd_ Adp_ Apey, Ae Apl, dpldv$
k.A.h. A_ Apg dpldv$ A.dy.k._p
lL$_p hpsp, dpldv$ k.A.h. `f
kghps dpL$g A_ s_u Apg `f A_ dpfu
315
A_y$drZL$p
Ap dplsfd Mps|__u ApMfu qTepfs _

NZ, bL$ d_ afu afu sd_u qTepfs_p
dpL$p Apep L$f, ep kyû sy d_ hsp
fpM A_ sy d_ dps v$ sp dpfu NZu
sd_p kd|ldp L$fu g A_ d_ sd_u s\p
sd_p `y_u iapAs Ap` A_ dpfp s\p
dpfp dp-bp`_p A_ sdpd dpArd_p
A_ dpAd_ps_p Ny_plp dpa L$fu v$ A_
vy$r_epdp `Z d_ cgpB Ap` A_
ApMfsdp `Z A_ d_ S>ld\u bQph,
spfu flds_p hpsp, kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae dpfp ApL$pAp A_ Ap` `f Apl_u
fldsp A_ bfL$sp Dsf.
316
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb lL$udp Mps|__u qTepfs
S>_pb lL$udp Mps|__u

qTepfs
S>_pb lL$udp Mps|_, Bdpd dpldv$
sL$u A.k._u kplbTpv$u, Ap dplsfd
Mps|_ OZu L$urshp_ A_ Bdpds_p cv$
Z_pfu Mpk eqsApdp lsp A_
Bdpd lk_ AL$fu A.k._p Tdp_pdp
A_ sd_p `R>u Bdpd S>dp_p_u
rMv$dsdp fp, Apd Ap` Qpf Bdpdp_u
khp L$fu R>.
b Bdpdp_u Tful_u `pQsu sfa
Dcp flp A_ L$lp :
V:;,FDM V1,F VFND l2;OJlT<,FCP

V;3;,FDM V1,F G}l2CG3 GALI3lI<,FCP
317
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM
V1,F
.A3ZFCLD
B1,Ll,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,F D};F
S,LlD<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,F .1;F
~l2C<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
Z;},<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF B1I3Z
B1,3l2S<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
;1OLiI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
DMC1dDNA3G V1A3lN<,FC[ BF1TDG3
GALiILGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
VDLZ,3 D]V3D[GLG V1,LiIA3G VAL
TF1,[lAG3 J;2LiI Z;}l,<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S IF OFT2 [ D TM
;iI[NT[ lG;9F.,3 VF1,DLGP V:;,FDM
318
A_y$drZL$p
V,I3SMDF IF l;A3T1lIZ3 ZC14DT[ J

;iI[N,3 XAFA[ VC3l,,3 HgGCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF V1,LiIA3G,3
C]1;I3G[ ;iI[N,3 VF1A[NLG J S1]Z3ZT
V1I3lGG3 GFh[8ZLGP V:;,FDM V1,I3S
IF DMC1dDNA3G V1,LI3lIG AFS2[Z,3
.1,3D[ AV14NG3 GALiIP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF HV14OZA3G DMC1dDN[lG;14
;F1N[S1,3 AF9Z3Z,3 VDLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S IF D};AG3 HV14OZ[lGT14 T1FC[ZT14
T1]C3Z$ V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF
V1,LiIA3G D};Z3Z[h1,3 D]ZThF1
V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF DMC1dDNAG3
319
A_y$drZL$p
V1 , LiI[ l GT3 TSL2 i IP V:;,FDM

V1,I3S IF V,2LiIA3G DMC1dDN[lGG3
GS2LiIG3 GF;[2C1,3 VDLGP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S IF C1 ; GA3 G V1 , LiIP
V:;,FDM V1,,3 J;L2iI[ lDG3 AV14N[CLP
V<,FC]dD ;1<,[ V1,F G}Z[S J l;ZFH[S J
J,LiI[ J,LiI[S J J;2LiI[ J;2LiI[S J
C1]H3HT[S V1,F B1,3S[2SP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S [ IF lAG3 T Z;} l ,<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1,I3S[ IF lAG3T OFT2[DT
J B1NLHTP V:;,FDM V1,I3S[ IF
lAG3T VDLlZ,3 D]V3D[GLGP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S[ IF lAGT,3 C1;G[ J,3 C1];I3GP
320
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S [ IF lAG3 T
J,LI3lI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S[ IF
pB1 4 T J,LI3 l I<,FCP V:;,FDM
V1,I3S[ IF V1dDT J,LI3lI<,FCP
V:;,FDM V1 , I3 S [ IF lAG3 T
DMC1dDlNA3G[ V1,LI3lIG3 lGT3 TS2LiI[P
J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J AZSFTMCP V:;,FDM
V1 , I3 S [ V1 Z 3 Z O,FCM AI3 G GF J
AI3GS]D3 lO,3 HgGT[ J C1XZGF OL
h] D 3 Z T[ S ] D 3 J VJ3 Z NGF C1 J 3 h 1
GALiI[S]D3 J ;SF1GF A[ SV3;[ HN3N[S]D3
lDG3 IN[ V1,LI3lIA3G[ VAL TF1,[lAG3
;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3S]D3 V;3V,]<,FC
321
A_y$drZL$p
VG3 IMZ[IGF OL SMD];3 ;M~Z J,3 OZH J

VG3 IH3DV1GF J .iIFS]D3 OL h]D3ZT[
HN3N[S]D3 DMC1dDlNG3 ;1<,<,FCM V1,I3C[
J VF,[CL J VG3 ,F I;3,MAGF
DV14Z[OTS]D3 .gGC} J,LiI]G3 S1NLZ
VTS1Z3ZAM .,<,FC[ A[ C1]aA[S]D3 J,3
AZF9VT[ lDG3 VV14NF9V[S]D3 JT3 T;3,LD[
.,<,FC[ ZFh[2IG3 A[CL U1I3Z D]G3S[lZ\J3 J
,F D];3TS3A[lZ\J3 J V1,F IS2LG[ DF VTF
A[CL DMC1dDN]G3 J A[CL ZFl2hG GT14,MAM
A[ hF7,[S JH3CS IF ;iI[NLP V<,FC]dD
J Z[ h F1 S J NFZ,3 VFB2 [ Z T IF
C1SLDT]X3O.2 ,L lO,3 HgGT O .gG ,S[
322
A_y$drZL$p
.1G3N<,FC[ XV3GG3 D[GX3 XV3G[P

V<,FC]dD .gGL V;3V,MS VG3
TB14T[D ,L lA;3 ;VF1NT[ O ,F T;3A],3
lDgGL DF VGF OLC[ J ,F C1J3, J ,F
S]1jJT .<,F lA<,FlC,3 V1,LI3lI,3
V1hL6D V<,FC]dD;3 TlHA3 ,GF J
TS1aA,C} A[ SZD[S J .1h3hT[S J A[
ZC14DT[S J VF1O[IT[S J ;1<,<,FCM
V1,F DMC1dDlNJ3 J VF,[CL VH3D.1G J
;<,D T;,LDG3 IF VZ3C1DZ3 ZFC[2DLGP
kgpd lp Apv$d kauDpl `f. kgpd
lp Apl_p _|l _bu `f. kgpd lp
Bbplud Apl_p v$ps `f. kgpd lp
323
A_y$drZL$p
d|kp Apl kp\ hpsp L$f_pfp `f. kgpd

lp Bkp $lypl `f. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Apl_p $ kS>_. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae Apl_p Q|V$gp. kgpd lp
Ap` `f Ae dpldv$ B_ Avy$pl
k.A.h. Ae Arsd _bu. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae Adu$g dpAd_u_ Agu B_
Abu sprgb A.k. Apl_p fk|g_p
_iu_. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae apsdp
qhp_u uAp_u kfv$pf. kgpd lp Ap`
b_ `f, Ae Apl_p flds_p
_hpkpAp, A_ S>s_p S>hp_p_p
kfv$pfp, kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Agu B_
lyk_ A.k. Ae Aprbv$p_p kfv$pf, A_
324
A_y$drZL$p
hphpmpAp_u ApMp_u W$X$L$. kgpd lp

Ap` `f Ae dpldv$ B_ Agu
_buAp_p Bd_p QpfL$. kgpd lp Ap`
`f Ae S>Aaf B_ dpldv$ Ae kpqv$L$,
kv$pQpfu A_ rhpky. kgpd lp Ap` `f
Ae d|kp B_ S>Aaf S>Ap `pL$ A_
`pL$uTp R>. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Agu
B_ dpldv$ Ae _L$u Ae _kuls
L$f_pf A_ Adu_. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
lk_ B_ Agu kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Bdpd lk_ AL$fu_p `R>u Aph_pfp
Bdpd. kgpd lp Ap`_p _|f `f, Ap`_p
rQfpN `f, Ap`_p hgu_p hgu `f,
Ap`_p hku_p hku `f, A_ vy$r_ep `f_u
Ap`_u ly$s `f. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
325
A_y$drZL$p
S>_pb apsdp k.A. A_ Mv$u$S>syg

Ly$bp_u bV$u. kgpd lp Ap` Ae Bdpd
lk_ A_ Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u bV$u kgpd
lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p hgu_u bV$u.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p hgu_u
bl_. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae Apl_p
hgu_p dpsp. kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae
Bdpd dpldv$ sL$u A.k._p `yu. Ap` `f
Apl_u fldsp A_ bfL$sp Dsf.
kgpd lp Ap` `f Ae dp__ue
Apl S>sdp Ap`_p A_ Adpfp hQ
`qfQe L$fph A_ Ap` lTfs_p kd|ldp
afu hs L$f A_ Ad_ Ap`Zp _bu_p
lpT L$pkf `f gB e A_ Ap`_p v$pv$p_p
epgp\u Adpfu sr L$fph A_ Agu B_
326
A_y$drZL$p
Abusprgb_p lp\ ùhfph. Apl_u

flds Dsf Ap` `f. ly Apl\u dpNy Ry>
L$ Apl Ad_ Ap`_u Mylpgu A_
Apfpd v$MpX$ A_ Ad_ Ap`_ Ap`_p
v$pv$p dpldv$ k.A.h._u kd|ldp cNp L$f
A_ Adpfp qv$g\u sdpfu ApmM OV$hp _
v$, L$dL$ s hpgu A_ iqL$sdp_ R>. ly
Apl_u _S>v$uL$u Qply Ry> Ap`_u
dlpbs_p gu^ A_ Ap`_p vy$d_p\u
_afs_p L$pfZ A_ ly `psp_ Apl_ kp`y
Ry> s_p\ufp \B_, s_p BL$pf L$fu_ _rl,
_ Arcdp_u b_u_, A_ dpldv$
k.A.h. S> L$B gpep s_p `f rhpk fpMy
Ry> sd_p gu^ sp$ ep_ ^$ Ry> Ae dpfp
kfv$pf Ae Apl A_ spfu My_yv$u A_
327
A_y$drZL$p
ApMfs_u L$pepbu dpV$ vy$Ap L$$ Ry>.

Ae lL$udp Mps|_ Ap` S>sdp dpfp
dpV$ cgpdZ L$fp, L$pfZ L$ Apl `pk
Ap`_y dp_ R>, O dpVy$ dp_, Ae Apl
ly khpg L$$ Ry> L$ sy dpfp kvcpe_ `|Z L$f
A_ sdp S> L$B R> s_ rdV$php _ v$ AV$g L$
Ad_u dlpbs A_ L$pB dv$v$ A_ iqs
_\u rkhpe Apl dlp__u. Ae Apl
Adpfu vy$Ap L$b|g afdph A_ s_ `|Z L$f
spfu L$`p\u spfu B$s A_ spfu flds_p
hpsp\u A_ Apraes\u A_ kghps
dpL$g dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ sd_u bû
Apg `f. sd_p `f kgpd lp k`|Z kgpd
Ae fld L$fhphpmpApdp kp\u h^y fld
L$fhphpmp.
328
A_y$drZL$p
Bdpd Tdp_p A.k._u

qTepfs
Zhy BA L$ Bdpd Tdp_p kplbyg
Ad A.k._u qTepfs v$fL$ W$L$pZ Mpk
L$fu_ kfv$pbdp `Y$hpdp OZp khpb R>.
L$pfZ L$ Ap Ap`_p Ae \hp_u S>ep
R>. AV$g qTepfs_p Bfpv$p L$f sp `lgp
Nyg L$f, `pL$, hR> L$`X$p `lf, Myb|
gNpX$ A_ r_dm A_ kfv$pb_p v$fhp
`pk Dcp flu L$l :
BT_ vy$M|g
V<,FC]dD .gGL S1N3 JS1O3TM V1,F AFA[

AI3lTD3 lDD3 AMI}T[ GALiI[S J VF,[
329
A_y$drZL$p
GALiI[S V1,I3C[ D];3 ;,FDM J S1N3

DGV14TG3 GF;N3 NMB}1,[ .,F AMI]T[CL
.<,F A[ .h7G[ GALiI[S O S]1,3T IF
ViIMC,3 ,h8LG VFDG} ,F TN3BM2,}
AMI]TG3 GALiI[ .<,F V\I3 I]V3h7G
,S]D3 V<,FC]dD J .gGL VV14TS2[NM
C]1Z3DT ;F1C[2A[ CFh7,3 DSF1lDX3 XZLO[ OL
U1 I 3 A T[ C L SDF VV1 4 T S[ 2 N MCF OL
C1h1ZT[CL J VV14,DM VgG Z;},S J
BM2,OFV[S V1,I3C[ D}:;,FDM
VC14IF9pG3 .1G3NS C]D3 I]Z3hS]1G IZJ3G
DSFGL OL JS14TL CFh7F J hDFGL J
I;3Dp2G S,FDL OL JS14TL CFh7F
330
A_y$drZL$p
I~N3N]G V1,iI ;,FDL J VgGS

C1HA3T V1G3 ;D3.1 S,FDC]D3 O .gGL
V;3TFV3h8[GMS IF ZaA[ VjJ,\J3 J
V;3 T FV3 h [ 8 G M Z;} , S ;1 , JFTMS
V1 , I3 C [ J VF,[ C L ;F7 G [ I \ J 3 J
V;3TFV3h8[GM B1,LOTS,3 .DFDM
DO3~h1 V1,iI TF1V1TMC} lON3 NMB}1,[ OL
;F1V1TL CFh8[CL .,F DSF1D[CL$ J
V;3TFV3h[8GM
D,F9V[ST,3
DMJS3S,LG A[ CFh8[lC,3 A]S14V1lT,3
D] A FZSlT,3 D] T F1 V 1 T [ l,<,FlC;3
;FD[V1CP V:;,FDM V1,I3S]D3 IF
ViIMC,3 D,F9V[ST],3 D]JS3S,]G OL
331
A_y$drZL$p
CFh7,3 DSF1lDX3 XZLO[ J ZC14DT]<,FC[ J

AZSFTMC}P A[ .h74lG<,FC[ J .h74G[
Z;},[CL J .h74G[ BM2,OF1V[CL A[
.h74G[S]D3 ;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3S]D3
VH3 D .1 G P VN3 B M2 , M CFh7 l C,3
A]S14V1lT,3 D]AFZST[ D]TS1Z3Z[AG3
.,<,FC[ J Z;},[CL DMC1dDlNJ3 J
VF,[lCT14 TF1C[ZLG O S]G} D,F9.ST<,FC[
VV14JFGL J S]G} VG3;F1ZL C1tTF
VN3BM2,M CFh7,3 DSF1D J VN3VM2J]<,FC
A[ S]G]lGN3 NV14JFT[ J VV14TZ[OM
l,<,FC[ lA,3 p2AlNiIT[ J l,Z3 Z;},[
J,[ VD3 A [ I F9 V [ S ;1 , JFT] < ,FC[
332
A_y$drZL$p
V1,I3lCD3 lAt1T1FVCP
Ae Apl ly Ap Of_p v$fhp `f
Dcp Ry> S> spfp _bu_p A_ s_p Ly$Vy$b_p
Ofpdp_p AL$ Of_p v$fhp R>. sd_p `f
A_ sd_u Apg `f spfu flds Dsf A_
s gpL$p_ Ap Ofpdp spfp _bu_u f
rkhpe v$pMg \hp_u d_p L$fu R> A_ s
L$y R> : Ae Bdp_hpmpAp sd _bu_p
Ofpdp v$pMg _ \ph ep kyû L$ sd_ f
_ Ap`hpdp Aph. Ae Apl ly Ap
dL$p__p dprgL$_u D`f s_u Nbsdp
AV$gu S> Ap\p fpMy Ry> S>V$gu Ap\p
s_u lpS>fudp fpMhu BA A_ ly A
Ry> L$ spfp fk|gp A_ Bdpdp b^p
333
A_y$drZL$p
hu fp R> spfu `pk A_ b^p `psp_u

fp dmhu fp R>. sAp d_ Arl lpS>f
\Agp Aepf A_ Ap kde B fp R>
A_ Ap kde dpfu hpsp kpcmu fp R>
A_ d_ dpfp kgpd_p S>hpb Ap` R>
A_ MfMf s d_ sd_u hps kpcmhp\u
hrQs fpep R> A_ sd_u dy_ps_p
hpv$_p A_ych L$fhp_u kdS>_p bpfZp
dpfp dpV$ Mpgu _pep R>. sp ly spfu
BTs dpNy Ry>. Ae dpfp `pg_lpf, kp
\d spfp\u A_ `R>u spfp fk|g\u S>_p
`f A_ S>_u Apg `f kghps lp A_
BTs Qply Ry> spfp Mguap_u S>_u
spbv$pfu Adpfp `f s afS> L$fu R>. v$pMg
\hp_u Ap OX$uA A_ Ap \m BTs
334
A_y$drZL$p
dpNy Ry> spfp dgpAL$p\u S> Ap dybpfL$

\m_p fMhpm _$u L$fhpdp Apep R>
A_ spfp afdpbfv$pf R>. kgpd lp sdpfp
`f Ae Ap \m_p fMhpm aqfspAp
A_ Apl_u flds s\p bfL$sp Dsf. ly
Apl_u kdrs\u, s_p fk|g k.A.h._u
f\u s_p MguapAp_u BTs\u A_
sdpfu f\u Ap dybpfL$ \mdp v$pMg
\pD Ry> A_ Apd Apl_u _S>v$uL$u Qply
Ry> A_ s_p fk|g k.A.h. A_ sd_p
`rh hi_u _S>v$uL$u Qply ly. Ae
Apl_p aqfspAp dpfu dv$v$ L$fp A_
dpfu _ykfs L$fp ep kyû L$ ly Ap \mdp
v$pMg \pJ A_ vy$Ap L$$ Ry> Apl `pk
dpfu v$fL$ lpS>sp dpV$ A_ Apl `pk
335
A_y$drZL$p
dpfu sysu_u lfps L$$ Ry> A_ fk|g

k.A.h. A_ spfp _buAp_u spbv$pfu L$$
Ry> sd_p `f Apl_u kghps lp.
`R>u Qp M V$_ Q| d A_
rbqdpl L$lu_ v$pMg \pe A_
`N\uep Dsfsu hMs L$l :
lA;3lD<,FC[ J lA<,FC[ OL ;ALl,<,FC[

J V1,F lD<,T[ Z;}l,<,FC[ ;1<,<,FCM
V1,I3C[ J VF,[CL V<,FC]D3 DU14lOZ3 ,L
J Z3C1DGL J T]A3 V1,iI .gGS VG3TT3
TjJFA]Z3 ZC2LDP
v$pMg \pJ Ry> ly Apl_y _pd gB s_u
dv$v$ kp\ s_p dpNdp A_ s_p fk|g
336
A_y$drZL$p
k.A.h._u Dds `f L$ped flu. Ae

Apl d_ dpa L$f, dpfp `f fld L$f A_
dpfu spbp L$b|g L$f. MfMf sy spbp L$b|g
L$fhphpmp A_ v$epmy R>.
kfv$pbdp v$pMg \su hMs `Y$ :
V:;,FDM V,
1 ,3 CS1l41S,
2 3 HNLN[ J,3
VF,
1 l[D,3 ,hL8 .,
1 D3MC} ,F IALNMP
V:;,FDM V,
1 F DC]l41I,3 DV
] D3G
[ LG$ J
DMALlZ,3 SFOZ[LGP V:;,FDM V,
1 F
DCN3LIl3I,3 VMDD[ J @D.[,
1 3 S,D[[
V:;,FDM V,
1 F B,
1 lO;3 ;,O[ J
;F1C2[lAX3 XZOP V:;,FDM V1,F
CH]1H3lT,3 DVA
41 N}[ J S,D[lT,3 DCD41N}P
337
A_y$drZL$p
V:;,FDM V,
1 F DM.h
1 l3h,3 VJ,
3 I
[ FV
9 [
J DMlh,
7 l3,,3 VVN41FV
9 P V:;,FDM
V,
1 F JFZl[;,
7 3 VDA
3 I
[ FV[ J BFT1l[D,3
VJ;
3 I
[ FVP V:;,FDM V,
1 ,3 SFV
29 l[D,3
D]G3Th5Z[ J,3 V1N3l,,3 D]X3TZCZP
V:;,FDM V,
1 ;3 ;Il3OX3 XFCZ[[ J,3
S1DlZh3 hFC[Z[ JG3 G}lZ,3 AFC[ZP
V:;,FDM V,
1 F XDl3;h45 h,
5 FD[ J
ANl3ZT3 TDFDP V:;,FDM V,
1 F ZAL.,
1 3
VGFD[ J GhZ41lT,3 ViIFDP V:;,FDM
V,
1 F ;FC1l2[A;41 ;D1;
3 F1D[ J O<,FlS,
2 3
CFDP V:;,FDM V,
1 N3 NLlG,3 DV;
3 Z}7[
J,3 lSTFlA,3 D;T3Z}1P V:;,FDM V,
1 F
338
A_y$drZL$p
ASL2iIlT<,FC[ OL A,
[ FNC[L J CH]1H3TC[L
V1 , F .1 A FN[ l C,3 D] G 3 T CF .,I3 C [
DJFZL;,
]7 3 VDA
3 I
[ FV
9 [ J ,NIC3[ DJH3N]G
] 3
VF;F~7,3 V;O41I
[ F.9,3 DV
] T3DG[ V,
1 ;3
l;ZZ3[ J,3 J,LiI[ l,,3 VDZ3P V:;,FDM
V,
1 ,3 DCN3Il3I,3 ,hL8 JVN1<,FCM
Vh
1 h
3 J H<, Al[C,3 VMDD VG3
IHD3V1 Al[C,3 S,D[ J I,d]D Al[CX3
XV;
41 7 J ID,
3 V Al[C,3 VZh
3 1 lS;
1 T3G
1 3
J VN1,
3 F J IMDSS3G
[ ,C} J IG
] H3h
[
AC[L JVN41,3 DV
] D3G
[ LGP VXC3NM IF
DJ,
3 FI VgGS J,3 V.dDT lDG3
VFAFV
9 S[ V.dDTL J DJF,LiI lO,3
339
A_y$drZL$p
CIFlTN NG
] I
3 F J IJD3 ISD}1,
] 3 VXC3FNP
V;V
3 ,MS IF DJ,
3 FI VG3 T;V
3 <,FC
TAFZS J VTF,
1 F OL ;,
1 FC2[ XVG
3 LJ
Sh
1 FV
29 [ CJ1FV
9
[ J UO1]Z3FG[ hMG
8 A
} L J,3
VBh
41 [8 A[ INL OL NLGL J NG
] I
3 FI J
VFB2[ZTL ,L J ,[ .B14JFGL J
VBJ1FTI
[ ,3 DV
] D3G
[ LG J,3 DV
] D3G
[ FT[
SFOO3TG3 .gGC} UO1~}Z3 ZCLD2P
kgpd lp hsdp_ lL$ A_ A Aprgd
`f S>_y Bd hX$apB _rl e. kgpd lp
dpA
du_p_ kh_ L$f_pfp `f A_
L$pafp_p _pi L$f_pfp `f kgpd lp
S>_spAp_p dlv$u `f A_ L$gpdp_p kNl
340
A_y$drZL$p
L$f_pf `f. kgpd lp Arbep_p _L$ afTv$

`f A_ ifua Bkp_ `f. kgpd lp
dpAbv|$_u ly$s A_ dldv|$_p L$gdp `f.
kgpd lp Arbep_p hpqfk A_ hkuAp_p
Arsd `f. kgpd lp dysTf L$pBd `f A_
dlf| epe L$f_pf `f. kgpd lp Apl_u
gV$L$su sghpf, QdL$sp Qpv$ A_ TmL$sp
_f| `f. kgpd lp A^L$pfdp kf|S> A_
`r|Zdp `f. kgpd lp Bkp_p_u hks A_
kde_u spS>Nu `f. kgpd lp sghpf_p
^Zu_, A_ dsL$p R>v$_pf_. kgpd lp
Apl_p v$u_ `f Apl_u qL$spb ghl
dlaT
| `f. kgpd lp Apl_p ilfpdp
Apl_p Aqsh `f A_ s_p bv$pAp
`f_u s_u ly$s `f, S>_p `pk b^p
341
A_y$drZL$p
Arbep_u bû rhfpks `lpQu R> A_

S>_u `pk sdpd hfpegp gpL$p_p Ahijp
dpS>|v$ R> S> Apl_p cv$p_ kpQh R> A_
s_p lLy$dp `f Adg L$f_pf R>. kgpd lp A
dlv$u `f L$ S>_p rhi Apl Ap `pk
hpev$p L$ep R> L$ s_p dpfas L$gdp_ AL$
L$fi A_ bf|pBAp_ v$|f L$fi A_ S>du__
Bkpa A_ epe\u cfu v$ S>hu fus s Tyd
A_ pk\u cfgu li A_ s_ iqL$s
Apì A_ s_p dpfas dpA
du_p_p
hpev$p_ `f|p L$fi.
MfMf sd A_ sdpfp bp`-v$pv$p dpfp
Bdpdp R> A_ dpfp ApL$p R> Ap h_dp
A_ A qv$hk epf kpnu Ap`_pfpAp_
342
A_y$drZL$p
Dcp L$fhpdp Aphi. ly sdpfp\u BR>y Ry>

Ae dpfp dpgp L$ sd Apl sApgp `pk
dpfu lpgs ky^fhp_u, dpfu lpS>sp `|fu
L$fhp_u, dpfp Ny_plp dpa L$fhp_u, dpfp
lp\p `L$X$hp_u dpfu vy$r_epdp A_
ApMfsdp dpfp cpBAp_u A_ dpfu
bl_p_u S>Ap Bdp_ ^fph R> klpe L$f.
MfMf sy b^p_u brni L$fhp A_ b^p
`f fld L$fhp dpV$ `|fsp R>p.
`R>u b b L$fu_ bpf fL$ps _dpT
A_ sbl S>_pb kev$p kgp. `Y$,
`R>u `psp dpV$ A_ v$fL$ dpAdu_p
s\p dpAd_ps dpV$ vy$Ap L$f.
343
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
qTepfs Api|fp
V1laN<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IaG
Z;}l,<,FC$ V:;,FDM V1,I3S IaG
VDLlZ,3 DMV3D[GLG JaG ;iI[lN,3
J;2LiILG$ V:;,FDM V1,I3S IaG
OFT[2DT ;iI[NT[ lG;F9.,3 VF1,DLG$
V:;,FDM V1,iS IF ;F7Z<,FC[ JaG
;F7Z[CL J,3 lJT3Z,3 DJ3T}Z$ V:;,FDM
V1,iS J V1,,3 VZ3JFlC2<,TL C1<,T3
A[O[GF9V[S V1,iS]D3 lDgGL HDLV1G3
;,FD]<,FC[ VANG3 DFAS2LTM J
AS2[I,3 ,I3,M JgGCFZM IF VAF
344
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
V1laN<,FC[$ ,S1N3 V1hM6DlTZ3 ZlhiITM

JH<,T J V1hM6DlT,3 D];2LATM A[S
V1,iGF J V1,F HDLV2[ VC3l,,3
.:,FD[ JH<,T3 JV1hM6DT3 DM;2LATMS
lO:;DFJFT[
V1,F
HDLV[2
VC3 l ,:;DFJFT[ $ O ,V1 G <,FCM
pdDTG3 V:;;T3 V;F;h5 4 h 5 ] < D[
J<HJ3Z[ V1,iS]D3 VC,,3AI3T[ J
,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 NOV1tS]D3 V1G3
DSF1D[S]D3 JVhF,tS]D3 V1G3DZFT[A[v
SMD]<,TL ZtTASMD]<,FCM OLCF J
,V1G<,FCM pdDTG3 S1T,tS]D3$ J
,V1G<,FC],3 DMDC3C[NLG ,C]D3
345
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
lAT3TdSLG[ lDG3 S[2TF,[S]D3 AZ[V3TM

.,<,FC[ J .,iS]D3 lDgC]D JlDG3
VxIFV[ 2 l CD3 JVtAFV[ 2 l CD3 J
VJ3l,IF9V[lCD3 IF VAF V1laN<,FC[
.gGL l;<D]G3 ,[DG3 ;F,DS]D3 J C1Z3A]G3
,[DG3 CF1ZAS]D3 .,F IJ3lD,3 l2SIFDT[$
J ,V1G<,FCM VF, lhIFlNG3 J VF,
DZ3JFG J ,V1G<,FCM AGL pdDIT
SF1T[2ATG3 J ,V1G<,FC]aGM DZ3@GT
J ,V1G<,FCM p2DZaG ;V14lNG3 J
,V1G<,FCM lXdZG3 J ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 V;3ZHT3 J V,3HDT3 J
TGS14S1AT3 ,[ S[2TF,[S A[ VALVgT J
346
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
pdDL$ ,S1N3 V1hM6D DM;F1AL A[S$ O

V;3V,]<,FC<,hL8 VS3ZD DSF1DS$ J
VS3ZDGL A[S V\iIZ3hMS1GL T1,A
;F7Z[S DV1 .DFlDG3 Dg;1}lZG3 lDG3
VC3,[AiT[ DMC1dDlNG3 ;1<,<,FCM
V1,iC[ J VF,[CL$ V<,FC]dDH3 V1<GL
.1gNS
JCG3
lA,3C]1;I3G[
V,I3lC:;,FD lON0]gIF J,3 VFB2[ZC3$
IF VAF V1laN<,FC[ .gGL VTS1Z0AM
.,<,FC[ J.,F Z;},[CL J .,F VDLlZ,3
DMV3D[GLG J .,F OFT2[DT J .,,3
C1;G[ J .,iS A[ DMJF,FT[S JlA,3
AZF9VT[ lDdDG3 SF1T,S J G;1A ,S,3
347
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
C1Z3A J lA,3AZF9VT[ lDdDG3 V:;;

V;F;h54 h]5<D[ J,3HJ3Z[$ V1,iS]D3 J
VaZVM .,<,FC[ J .,F Z;},[CL
lDdDG3 V:;; V;F; hF7,[S J AGF
V1,iC[ A]gIFGC] J HZF OL h5]<D[CL J
HJ3Z[CL V1,iS]D3 J V1,F VxIFV2[S]D3
AZ[V3TM .,<,FC[ J .,iS]D3 lDgC]D3 J
VTS1Z0AM .,<,FC[ ;7]dD .,iS]D3 A[
DMJF,FT[S]D3 J DMJF,FT[ Jl,iI[S]D3 J
lA,3 A ZF9 V T[ lDG3 VV1 4 N F9 V [ S ] D 3
JgGF;[ 2 A LG ,SMD] , 3 C1 Z 3 A J
lA,3AZFVT[ lDG3 VxIFV[2lCD3 J
VtAFV[2lCD3 .gGL l;<D]G3 ,[DG3
348
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
;F,DS]D3 JC1Z3A]G3 ,[DG3 CF1ZAS]D3 J

Jl,iI]G3 ,[DG3 JF,FS]D3 J V1N]jJ]G3
,[DG3 VF1NFS]D3 OV;3 V,]<,FC<,hL8
VS3ZDGL A[ DV14Z[OT[S]D3 J DV14Z[OT[
VJ3,[IF9V[S]D3 JZhS1lG,3 AZF9VT
lDG3 VV1 4 N FV[ S ] D 3 V\ i IH3 V 1 , GL
DV1S]D3 lON0]gIF J,3 VFB[2ZC3$ J
V\iIM;7aA[T,L .1gNS]D3 S1ND l;1N3l2SG3
lON0]gIF J<VFB[2ZC3$ J V:V,MC}
V\iIMA<,[U1lG,3 DSF1D,3 DC14D}N ,S]D3
.1gN<,FC[ J V\iIZ3hMS1GL T1,A ;F7ZL
DV1 .DFlDG3 DC3lNliIG3 hF5C[ZG3
GFT2[lS1G3 lA,3 C1S14S2[ lDgS]D3 J
349
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
V;3V,]<,FC A[C1S14S2[S]D3 JALxX

V3lG,3 ,h8L ,S]D3 .1gNC} V\iI]V14T2[IGL
A[ DM;F1AL A[S]D3 VO3h1, DFI]V14T2L
DM;F1AG3 A[ DM;2LAT[CL DM;2LATG3 DF
VV14h5DCF$ J VV14h5D ZhLiITCF lO,3
.:,FD[ JOL HDL.2:;DFJFT[ J,3VZ3h[2
V<,FC]dDH3 V1<GL OL DSF1DL CFhF7
lDdDG3 TGF,MC} lDgS ;1,JFT]G3
JZC14DT]G3 JDu1O[ZT]G3 V<,FC]dDH3V1,3
DC14IFI DC14IF DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDN3 J DDFTL DDFT DMC1dDlNG3 J
VF,[ DMC1dDN3$ V<,FC]dD .gG CFhF7
IJ3D]G3 TAZ0ST3 A[CL AG} pdDIC3
350
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
JaGM VFS[ , lT,3 VS3 A FlN,3

,.1G]aG],3 ,.2G[ V1,F ,[;FG[S J
,[;FG[ GALiI[S ;1<,<,FCM V1,iC[ J
VF,[CL OL S]<,[ DJ3T2[lGG3 J DJS2[lOG3
JS1O OLC[ GALiIMS ;1<,<,FCM V1,iC[
JVF,[CL$ V<,FC]dD,3V1G3
VAF;]O3IFG J DMVF1JITaG VAL
;]O3IFG J IhLNaG DMVF1J[IC3$
V1,I3lCD3 lDgS,3 ,V14GTM VAN,3
V1FA[NLG$ JCFh7F IJ3D]G OZ[C1T3 A[CL
VF,M lhIFlNG3 JVF,M DZ3 J FG
A[S1t,[C[D],3 C]1;I3G ;1,JFT]<,FC[
V1,iC[$ V<,FC]dD OhF1.1O3 V1,iC[
351
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
D]<,V14G lDgS J,3 V1hF7A,3 V,LD

V<,FC]dD .9gGL VTS1Z0AM .,I3S OL
CFh7, IJ3D[ J OL DJ3S[2OL CFhF7 J
ViIFD[ C1IFTL lA,3 AZF9VT[ lDgC]D3
J<,V14GT[ V1,I3lCD3 JlA,3 DMJF,FT[
,[ GALiI[S J VF,[ GALiI[S V1,I3C[
J V1,I3C[D]:;,FDP
epf `R>u kp (100) hMs Ap dyS>b `Y$
V<,FC]dD,3 V1G3 VjJ, hF5,[lDG3

h5,D C1S14S1 DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[
DMC1dDlNG3 J VFB2[Z TFA[.1G3 ,C} V1,F
hF7,[S V<,FC]dD,3 V1lG,3
V[ 2 ; F1 A lT<,TL @CNlT,3 C1 ] ; iG
352
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
V1 , I3 l C:;,FD$ J XFIV1 T 3 J
AFIV1T3 J TFAV1T3 V1,F S1t,[CL
V<,FC]dD,3 V1gC]D3 HDLVF1P
epf `R>u kp (100) hMs Ap dyS>b `Y$
V:;,FDM V1 , iS IF VAF
V1laN<,FC[ J V1,,3 VZ3JFlC2<,TL
C1<,T3 A[O[GF9V[S V1,iS lDgGL
;,FD]<,FC[ VANG3 DF AS2LTM J
AS2 [ I ,3 ,i,M JgGCFZM$ J,F
HV1,C]<,FCM VFB2[Z,3 V1C3N[ lDgGL ,[
lhIFZT[S]D3$ V:;,FDM V1,,3 C1];I3G[
J V1,F V1,LlIA3lG,3 C1];I3G[ J V1,F
VJ3,FlN,3 C]1;I3G[ J V,F V:1CF1lA,3
353
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
C1];I3GP
epf `R>u AL$ hMs `Y$
V<,FC]dD B1]:1;1 VgT VjJ,

hF5,[lDG3 lA,3 ,V14G[ lDgGL JaNV14
A[CL VjJ,G3 ;]7dD;74;F7GL$ J;74;7F,[;7$
JZF3A[V1$ V<,FC]dD,3 V1G3 IhLN
BF1D[;G3 J,3V1G3 VM2AI3N<,FlCaG[
lhIFlNG3 JaG DZ3@GT J p2DZaG
;V14lNG3 J lXdZG3 J VF, VAL
;]O3IFG J VF, lhIFlNG3 J VF,
DZ3JFG .,F IJ3lD,3 lS2IFDC3P
epf `R>u kS>v$ldp e A_ Ap dybS>
L$l :
354
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
V<,FC]dD ,S,3 C1dNM C1dNX3 XFS[ZLG

,S V1,F DM;F1A[lCD3 V,3C1dNM l,<,FC[
V1,F V1hL6D[ ZhLiITL V<,FC]dDZ3
h]S14GL XOFV1T,3 C1];I3G[ IJ3D,3 JM~N[
J ;7laAt,L S1ND l;1NlS1G3 .1gNS DV1,3
C1];I3G[ J V:1CF1lA,3 C1];I3lG,3 ,h8LG
Ah7 , } DMCHC] D 3 N] G ,3 C1 ] ; I3 G [
V1,I3lC:;,FDP
qTepfs Api|fp
sfS|>dp
kgpd \pe Ap` E`f Ae Abp
Aqv$pl, kgpd \pe Ap` E`f Ae
Apl_p fk|g_p afTv$, kgpd \pe Ap`
355
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
E`f Ae Adu$g dpAd_u_ A_

hkuAp_p kfv$pf_p afTv$, kgpd \pe
Ap` E`f Ae apsdp Tlfp sdpd
S>lp__u Apfsp_u kfv$pf_p afTv$, kgpd
\pe Ap` E`f S>_p M|__p bv$gp g_pf
Apl R>. A_ s_p afTv$ L$ S>_p M|__p
bv$gp g_pf Apl R>. Ae L$ S>_p M|__p
bv$gp ghpdp _\u Apep A_ S>_p kNp
kbûAp_p M|__p bv$gp `Z ghpdp _\u
Apep kgpd \pe A $lp E`f S> sdpfu
bpfNpldp Aphu ep kyû ly hsp fly
A_ ep kyû fps-qv$hk bpL$u fl Ae
Abp Aqv$pl sdpfu Ap dykubs
Adpfp dpV$, sdpd dykgdp_p dpV$, sdpd
Apkdp_hpmpAp dpV$ A_ sdpd
356
A_y$drZL$p
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S>du_hpmpAp dpV$ OZu S> vy$:Mv$peL$ R>.

Apl gp_s L$f A gpL$p $E`f S>dZ sdp
Algbs (A.) E`f Tyd A_
AepQpf_u byr_epv$ L$ped L$fu, sdpfp
D`f Tyd_p rkgrkgp i$ L$ep A_ sd_
A v$f$p\u v|$f L$ep L$ S> Apl sd_
Apep lsp. Apl A gpL$p E`f gp_s
L$f S>Z sdpfp dpV$ gX$pB_p kpdp_ sepf
L$ep. ly Apl_p v$fbpfdp A_ sdpfu
`pk A gpL$p A_ sd_p v$psp, kp\uAp
A_ sAp_y A_ykfZ L$f_pfpAp\u v|$fu
Qply Ry>, ly kygl fpMy Ry> s_p\u S>_p\u
sdpfu kygl R>. A_ gX$pB L$$ Ry> S>_p\u
sdpfu gX$pB R>. L$epds_p qv$hk kyû
Apl gp_s L$f Apg qTepv$ A_ Apg
357
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
dfhp_ E`f, Apl gp_s L$f sdpd b_u

Ddep E`f, Apl gp_s L$f df_p_p
qv$L$fp E`f, Apl gp_s L$f kA$v$_p
qv$L$fp Edf E`f, Apl gp_s L$f rid
E`f, Apl gp_s L$f A gpL$p E`f S>_
sdpfp\u gX$pB_u sepfu L$fu dpfp dp-bp`
sdpfp E`f Ly$fbp_ \pe sdpfu dykubs
dpfp dpV$ OZu vy$:Mv$peL$ R>. Apl sdpfp
v$f$p_ bygv$ L$f A_ Algbs dpldv$
Apl_u flds sAp E`f A_
sAp_u Apg E`f _pqTg \pe. dp\u
Bdpd d_k|f_u kp\ sdpfp M|__p bv$gp

ghp_p ifa B_pes L$f Ae Apl Bdpd
lyk_ (A.)_p hkugp\u d_ vy$r_ep A_
ApMfsdp BS>S>sv$pf b_ph. Ae Abp
358
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
Aqv$pl ly sdpfu dplbs_p hkugp\u

Apl `pk, Apl_p fk|g `pk,
Adu$g dpAd_u_ `pk, S>_pb apsdp
`pk, Bdpd lk_ `pk A_ sdpfu `pk
Ly$fbs Qply Ry> sdpfp E`f Tyd_u
byr_epv$ L$ped L$fu A_ Tyd L$f_pf\u
sdpfu `pk A_ Apl_u bpfNpldp v|$fu
Qply Ry>. sdpfu dplbs sdpfp v$psp_u
dplbs A_ sdpfp vy$d_p, sdpfp E`f
gX$pB_p bpS> _pM_pfpA, sAp_p kp\u,
sAp_y A_ykfZ L$f_pfpAp\u Apl_u
`pk A_ `R>u sdpfu `pk sAp\u v|$fu
Qply Ry>, ly sdpfu kp\ kygl fpM_pf\u
kygl, sdpfp\u gX$pB L$f_pf\u gX$pB,
sdpfp v$psp\u v$psu A_ sdpfp
359
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
vy$id_p\u vy$id_u fpMy Ry>. Apl L$ S>_

sdpfu A_ sdpfp v$psp_u dpAfas Apù
d_ _hpep, sdpfp vy$id_p\u v|$fu B_pes
L$fu, d_ sdpfu kp\ vy$r_ep A_
ApMfsdp kprbs L$v$d fpM, sdpfp dpV$
Apl `pk S> bygv$ v$f$pAp R>. ep kyû
`lpQpX$, lL$ lf L$f_pf Bdpd_u kp\
sdpfp M|__p bv$gp ghp_p ifa B_pes
L$f. Apl `pk S> sdpfp dp_-dfsbp R>
s_p hpsp Apù khpg L$$ Ry> L$ sdpfu
dykubs S> sdpd Apkdp_p A_
S>du_hpmpAp dpV$ cpf vy$:Mv$peL$ R> sdp
NdNu_ \hp_p d_ blsfu_ khpb
B_pes L$f. Ae Apl spfu flds bfL$s
A_ dNafs `pd_pf gpL$pdp d_ fpMS>
360
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
Ae Apl dpfp h__ dpldv$ A_

Apg dpldv$_p h_ S>hy b_ph A_
dpfp dfZ_ dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$_p
dfZ S>hy b_ph. Ae Apl ApS>_p
qv$hk spfp _bu (k.A.h.)_u S>bp_
dybpfL$\u v$fL$ dpL$p E`f gp_s \eg
dgE_ A_ dgE__p qv$L$fp, L$gSy>
Qph_pf_p qv$L$fp A_ Ddep_u Apgpv$pA
dybpfL$ Nep A_ Ap s qv$hk R>. S>
qv$hk Apg qTepv$ A_ Apg dfhp_
Bdpd lyk_ (A.k.)_u ilpv$s\u Myi
\ep Ae Apl sAp D`f spfu gp_s
A_ ATpbdp h^pfp L$f.
Ae Apl ApS>_p qv$hk A_ v$fL$
qv$hk A_ v$fL$ dpL$p D`f spfp _bu A_
361
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
sAp_u Apg (A.dy.k.)_u dplbs_p

hkugp\u Ap Tprgdp D`f gp_s A_
v|$fu_p hkugp\u, spfu Ly$fbs Qply Ry>.
`R>u kp (100) hMs L$l :
Ae Apl dpldv$ A_ Apg
dpldv$_p lL$dp Tyd L$f_pf `lgp
Tprgd A_ s_y$ A_ykfZ L$f_pfpAp D`f
gp_s L$f Ae Apl Bdpd lyk_
(A.k.)\u gX$pB L$f_pf gpL$p D`f gp_s
L$f, Ae Apl S>ApA Ap gX$pBdp
sAp_p kp\ Apep, dv$v$ L$fu A_ Bdpd
lyk_ (A.k.)_ iluv$ L$fhpdp AL$ ds
\ep s b^p D`f gp_s \pe.
`R>u kp (100) hMs L$l :
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae Abp
362
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
Arv$pl A_ A $lp D`f S> sdpfu

bpfNpldp _pqTg \B R>. sdpfp D`f
dpfp kgpd ep kyû ly bpL$u fly A_
fps-qv$hk bpL$u fl Ae Apl dpfu Ap
qTepfs_ R>u qTepfs _ b_phS> kgpd
\pe lyk_ (A.k.) D`f, Agu B_ lyk_
(A.k.) D`f, Apgpv$ lyk_ (A.k.)
A_ Aklpb lyk_ (A.k.) D`f
`R>u L$l :
Ae Apl `lgp Tprgd D`f gp_s
L$f `R>u bu, u A_ Qp\p D`f, Ae
Apl gp_s L$f eTuv$ `pQdp D`f,
qTepv$ A_ df_p_p qv$L$fp Dbevy$p
D`f, kpAv$_p qv$L$fp Ddf D`f, rid
D`f, Apg Abu kyauep_ D`f, Apg
363
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs Api|fp
qTepv$ D`f A_ Apg dfhp_ D`f

L$epds_p qv$hk kyû.
`R>u kS>v$pdp L$l :
Ae Apl spfp hMpZ Ahp hMpZ
S>hp dykubsdp k`X$peg dpZk iy$
NyTpfu dpV$ hMpZ L$f, Ae Apl Ap
cpfu dykubs D`f spfp hMpZ, Ae
Apl L$epds_ qv$hk Bdpd lyk_
(A.k.)_u iapAs _kub L$f, Ae
Apl d_ Bdpd lyk_ kp\ A_ sd_p
Aklpbp L$ S>ApA `psp_u _p Ly$fbp_
L$fu sAp_u kp\ kprbs L$v$d fpM.
364
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
qTepfs AfbB_
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p Qlg|d_p qv$hk
`Y$hp_u qTepfs
cfpkp`p qL$spbpdp Bdpd lk_
AL$fu A.k.\u qfhpes R> L$ dpAdu__u
`pQ r_ip_uAp R> :
(1) v$ffpS> AL$ph_ fL$ps _dpT hprS>b
A_ _pagp_u `Y$ (2) kevy$iplv$p_u
Qlg|d_p qv$hk qTepfs `Y$ (3) S>dZp
lp\dp h]V$u `lf. (4) rkS>v$pdp L$`pm_
S>du_ (kS>v$Npl) `f fpM (5) (ayfpv$p)
_dpTdp rbqdpl rlf fldp r_f flud
dpV$\u `Y$.
Qlg|d_p qv$hk epf k|fS> \pX$p KQ
QY$ epf AL$pNsp `|hL$ A_ Mygyk qv$g\u
365
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u L$b sfa Bipfp L$f

A_ L$l :
V:;,FDM V1,F J,LI3lI<,FC[ J

C1ALA[CLP V:;,FDM V1,F B1,Ll,<,FC[
J GA[ C LP V:;,FDM V1 , F
;1 O LI3 l I<,FC[ JA3 G [ ;1 O LiI[ C LP
V:;,FDM V1,,3 C1];I3lG,3 Dh54,}lDX3
XCLNP V:;,FDM V1,F V;LlZ,3
SMZMAFT[ J S1 T Ll,,3 V1 A ZFTP
V<,FC]dD .gGL VX3CNM VgGC}
J,LiIMS JA3GM J,LiI[S J ;1OLiIMS
JA3GM ;1OLiI[S,3 OFV[hM A[ SZFDT[S
VS3ZD3TC} lAX3 XCFNT[ J C1AJ3TC}
366
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
lA;3 ;VF1NT[ JH3TAI3TC} A[ T2LlA,3

lJ,FNT[ J HV1,3TC} ;iI[NG3 D[G;3
;FNT[ J SF1V[NG3 D[G,3 SF1NT[ J
h7FV[NG3 D[Gh74 hF7NT[ J VV14T1I3TC}
DJFZL;7,3 VD3A[IF9V[ J HV1,3TC}
C1 ] H 3 H TG3 V1 , F B1 , 3 S 2 [ S D[ G ,3
VJ3;[2IF9V[ O VV14h7Z3 lON3 N]VF1V[ J
DGC1G3 G];14C1 J Ah7, D]C3THC} OLS ,[
I;3TG3S2[h7 V[2AFNS D[G,3 HCF,T[ J
C1I3ZlT3h14 h1,F,T[ J S1N3 TJFhZ
V1,I3C[ DG3 U1Z3ZT3C]N3 N]G3IF J AFV1
C1]h54h5C} lA,3 VZ3h7l,,3 VN3GF J XZF
VFB[2ZTC} lA;74 ;7DlG,3 VJ3S;[ J
367
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
TU14T1Z; J TZN3NF OL CJFC} J V;3B1T1S

J V;3B1T1 GALiIS J VTF1V1 lDG3
V[2AFN[S VC3,X3 X[SF1S2[ JG3 G[OFS2[ J
C1D,T,3 VJ3hFlZ,3 D];3TJ3H[ALGG3
GFZ O @CN3C]D3 OLS ;F1A[ZD3 D]C14T;[AG3
C1TF ;MO[S OL TF1V1T[S NDMC} J;3TMALC1
C1ZLDMC}P V<,FC]dD O,3V1G3C]D3 ,V14G\J3
JAL,\J3 J V1h74lh7A3C]D3 V1hF7AG3
V,LDFP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
Z;}l,<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IA3G
;iI[lN,3 VJ3;[2IF9VP VX3CMNM VgGS
VDLG]<,FC[ JA3GM VDLG[CL .1X3T
;.1N\J3 J Dh1I3T C1DLN\J3 J D]tT OS2LNG3
368
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
Dh54,}DG3 XCLN\J3 J VX3CNM VgG<,FC

D]G3H[h]D3 DF JV1NS J D]C3,[S]D3 DG3
B1h7,S J DMV1h74h8[A]D3 DG3 S1T,S J
VX3CNM VgGS JOI3T A[ V1C3lN<,FC[
J @CN3T OL ;AL,[CL C1tTF VTFS,3
IS2LGM O ,V1G<,FCM DG3 S1T,S J
,V1G<,FCM DG3 h5,DS J ,V1G<,FCM
pdDTG3 ;D[V1T3 A[ h7F,[S O Zh2[IT3
A[CP V<,FC]dD .gGL pX3C[NMS VgGL
J,LiI],3 ,[ DG3 JF,FC} J V1N]jJ],3 ,[
DG3 VF1NFC} A[ VAL VG3T J pdDL
IA3G Z;}l,<,FC[P VX3CNM VgGS
S]G3T G}ZG3 lO,3 V;14,FlAX3 XFD[B1T[
369
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
J,3 VZ3 C F1 l D,3 D] T 1 C 3 C ZT[ ,D3

TMGH3 l H;3 S ,3 @C[ , LiITM A[
VG3 @ ;[ C F J ,D3 T] , 3 l A;3 S ,3
D]N3,lCdDFTM lDG3 ;8[IFA[CF J VX3CNM
VgGS lDG3 NVF92V[lDN3 NLG[ J
VZ3SFlG,3 D];3,[DLG J DV14S2[l,,3
D]V3D[GLG J VX3CNM VgGS,3 .DFD],3
AZ3~T3 TS2LiI]Z3 Zh2LiI]h3 hSLiI],3
CFlN,3 DC3NLiIMP J VX3CNM VgG,3
V.dDT lD\J3 J],3N[S S,[DT]T3 TS14JF J
VV14,FD],3 CMNF J,3 p2Z3JT],3 J];74SF1 J,3
C1]H3HTM V1,F VC3l,N3 N]G3IFP J VX3CNM
VgGL A[S]D3 D]V3D[G]\J3 J A[ .IFA[S]D3
370
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
D}S[2G]D3 A[ XZF.V[2 NLGL J B1JFTLD[

V1D,L S1,3AL ,[ S1,3A[S]D3 l;,3D]\J3 J
VD3ZL ,[ VD3Z[S]D3 D]tTA[p2J3 J G];14ZTL
,S]D3 DMV1N3NT]G3 C1tTF IV3h7G<,FCM
,S]D3 O DV1S]D3 DV1S]D3 ,F DV1
V1N]jJ[S]D3 ;1,JFT]<,FC[ V1,I3S]D3 J
V1,F VZ3JFC2[S]D3 J VH3;FN[S]D3 J
XFC[N[S]D3 J U92F.A[S]D3 J hF5C[Z[S]D3 J
AFT2[G[S]D3 VFDLG ZaA,3 VF1,DLGP
kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f Ae Apl_p
hgu A_ lbub, kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f
Ae Apl_p Mgug A_ _b, kgpd
\pe sdpfp D`f Ae Apl_p Q|V$peg
371
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
A_ Apl_p Q|V$pegp_p afTv$ kgpd

\pe sdpfp D`f Ae dTg|d A_ iluv$
ly k _ (A.k.) kgpd \pe Ae
dykubsp\u Ofpeg A_ Apky_p iluv$
Ae Apl ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> s spfp hgu
A_ spfp hgu_p afTv$ R>. s spfp `kv$
L$fpeg A_ spfp `kv$ L$fpeg_p afTv$ R>.
s sd_ ilpv$s_u L$fpds\u _hp
Myi_kub L$ep sAp_u rhgpv$s `pL$
`pL$uTp b_phu, sAp_ ApNhp_, kfv$pf
A_ bQph_pf b_pep, Arbep_u
rhfpks Apù sd_ spfu dMg|L$ D`f
hkuApdp\u ly$s b_pep, sApA
v$phs_p lL$ Av$p L$ep, _kuls L$fu, `psp_y
gplu hlX$pey L$ spfp bv$pAp _pv$p_u A_
372
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
Nydfplu\u _s `pd gpL$pA sAp_u

rh$ AL$ds \ep vy$r_epA sAp_ ^pL$p
Apep, vy$r_epdp `psp_p cpN bly S>
ApR>u qL$ds hlQu ApMfs_ dpd|gu qL$ds
hlQu _pMu, sAp_u BR>pA lgpL$ L$fu
_pep, s_ A_ spfp _bu_ _pfpS> L$ep ,
dy_pauL$p_u BspAs L$fu (S>ld_u)
ApN_p lL$v$pf b_hp_p bp D`pX$uep,
(Bdpd (A.) Aphp gpL$p kp\) spfu
fpldp kb_u kp\ S>lpv$ L$ep AV$g kyû
sAp_y gplu hlhX$phpdp Apey, sAp_u b
Alsfpdu lgpg kdS>hpdp Aphu, Ae
Apl (Ap Tprgdp) D`f kMs gp_s
A_ ATpb L$f. kgpd \pe sdpfp D`f
Ae Apl_p fk|g_p afTv$, kgpd \pe
373
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
sdpfp D`f Ae hkuAp_p kfv$pf_p afTv$

ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry>, sd Apl_p
Adp_sv$pf A_ Adp_sv$pf_p afTv$ R>p,
sdp$ h_ dybpfL$ lsy, ilpv$s hMpZhp
gpeL$ lsu. dTg|du_u kp\ ilpv$s `pep.
ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> sd_ Ap`g hpev$p
Apl hap L$fi, sd_ d|L$u v$_pf lgpL$
\ep, sd_ iluv$ L$f_pf k_ `p R>. ly
Nhplu Ap`y Ry> sd Apl kp\ L$fg hpev$p
`|Z L$ep, Apl_u fpldp S>lpv$ L$ep, ep
kyû L$ ilpv$s `pep sd_ iluv$ L$f_pf
sdpfp D`f Tyd L$f_pf A_ Ap kpcmu_
fp \_pf D`f Apl_u gp_s \pe. Ae
Apl ly s_ Nhpl b_phy Ry> L$ sAp_p
v$psp_p v$ps A_ vy$id_p_p vy$id_ Ry>,
374
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
Ae Apl_p fk|g_p afTv$ sdpfp D`f

dpfp dp-bp` Ly$fbp_ \pe ly Nhplu Ap`y
Ry> sd dlp_ kybp (ùW$p) A_ `pL$uTp
fldpdp _|f lsp _ sp S>lpgs sdpfp kyû
`lpQu A_ _ sp s_p A^L$pf sd_ Ofu
gu^p sd dykgdp_ A_ v$u__p $L$_ R>p,
dpdu_p_u `_plNpl R>p, ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry>
sdp rlv$pes `pdgp, rlv$pes L$f_pf,
`pL$uTp, _L$, `flTNpf, `kv$ L$fhp gpeL$
rkasp ^fph_pf Bdpd R>p. sdpfu
Apgpv$dp\u Bdpdp sL$hp_p L$gpd,
rlv$pes_p `fQdp, (Bdp__u) dS>b|s
fkuAp A_ vy$r_ephpmpAp D`f ly$s
R>. ly Nhplu Ap`y Ry> sdpfp D`f A_
sdpfu fS>As D`f Bdp_ fpMy Ry>, dpfp
375
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs AfbB_
v$u__u ifuAs D`f eL$u_ fpMy Ry>. dpfp

L$pdpdp s (ifuAs)_y A_ykfZ L$$ Ry>.
dpfp qv$g sdpfp qv$g_ sgud R>. dpfp
L$pep sdpfp L$pe_y A_ykfZ L$f_pf R>,
Apl sd_ BTs Ap` epf dpfu dv$v$
sdpfp dpV$ sepf R>. sdpfu kp\ sdpfu
kp\ _ sdpfp vy$id_p kp\. sdpfu D`f,
sdpfp $lp D`f, sdpfp ifufp D`f sdpfp
lpfp D`f, sdpfp Npebp D`f, sdpfp
lfp D`f A_ sdpfp bps_p D`f
Apl_u flds \pe. L$b|g afdph Ae
S>lp_p_p `fhfqv$Npf.
376
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
qTepfs dAl
iM kv$vy$L$ >aL$ul dp qfhpes L$fu R> L$
sdpfp dpV$ AV$gy `yfsy R> L$ S> L$pB Bdpd,
_bu L$ hku_u qTepfs h epf ep
Ap `Y$p :
V:;,FDM V1,F VJ3,[IF9.<,FC[ J

V;1 4 O [ I F9 V [ C L V:;,FDM V1 , F
VMDGF9 . <,FC[ J VlC1 A 3 A F9 V [ C L
V::,FDM V1,F VG3;1FlZ<,FC[ J
BM2,OF9V[CL V:;,FDM V1,F DC2F9,3,[
DV1 4 Z [ O lT,3 , FC[ V:;,FDM V1 , F
D;FS[G[ lh7S3lZ<,FC[ V:;,FDM V1,F
D] h 0 4 C [ Z L VD3 l Z<,FC[ J GC3 I [ C L
377
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
V:;,FDM V1,N3 N]VF1T[ .,<,FC[

V:;,FDM V1,,3 D];3TlSZ14ZLG OL
DZ3 h F1 l T<,FC[ V:;,FDM V1 , ,3
D]B14,[;2LG OL TF1V1lT<,FC[ V:;,FDM
V1,,3 VlN<,F9V[ V1,<,FC[ V:;,FDM
V1,,3 ,hL8G DG3 JF,FC]D3 O S1N3
JF,<,FC J DG3 VF1NFC]D O S1N3
VF1N<,FC J DG3 V1ZOC]D3 O S1N3
V1ZO<,FC J DG3 HC[,C]D3 O S1N3
HC[<,,FC J DlGV14T;1D A[lCD3 O
S1lNV14 T;1D lA<,FC[ J DG3 TB1,3,F
lDG3C]D3 O S1N3 TB1,3,F D[G<,FC[ V1h3h
J H,3, J pX3C[N]<,FC VG3GL l;,3D]G3
378
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
,[ DG3 ;F,D3T]D3 J C1Z3A]G3 ,[ DG3

CF1ZA3T]D3 D]V3D[G]G3 A[ l;Z3Z[S]D3 J
V1,FlGIT[S]D3 DMOJ3J[h1]G3 OL hF7,[S
S],3,[lC .,I3S]D3 ,V1G<,FCM V1N]J3J
VF,[ DMC1dDlNG3 D[G,3 lHG3G[ J,3 .G3;[
J VA3ZVM .,<,FC[ lDG3C]D3 J
;1<,<,FCM V1,F DMC1dDlNG3 J VF,[CLP
kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p v$psp A_
`kv$ L$fpegp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p
Adp_sv$pfp A_ v$psp, kgpd \pe Ae
Apl_p dv$v$Npfp A_ _iu_p, kgpd
\pe Ae Apl_u dpAfas dmhhp_u
S>epAp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p
379
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
qT$_u dqTgp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_p

lyL$d A_ d_pB_ luf L$f_pfpAp, kgpd
\pe Ae Apl_u sfa, bpgph_pfpAp
kgpd \pe Ae Apl_u dfdp kprbs
L$v$d fl_pfpAp, kgpd \pe Ae Apl_u
sfa rlv$pes L$f_pfpAp, kgpd \pe Ae
gpL$p D`f S>_p\u dplbs L$f_pf
Ap\u dplbs L$fu S>_p\u vy$d_u
L$f_pf Apl\u vy$d_u L$fu, S>_u
dpAfas dmh_pf Apl_u dpAfas
dmhu S>_p\u rlg fl_pf Apl\u
rlg fp, S>_p\u Adp_ dmh_pf
Apl\u Adp_ dmey, S>_ d|L$u v$_pf
Apl ATT hS>_ d|L$u v$u^p, Apl_
Nhpl b_phy Ry>, ly A_p\u kygl fpMy Ry>
380
A_y$drZL$p
qTepfs dAl
S>_u sdpfu kp\ kygl R>, ly A_p\u gX$pB

L$$ Ry> S> sdpfp\u gX$pB L$f R>. sdpfu Ry>ù
A_ lf bpbsp `f Bdp_ fpMy Ry>, v$fL$
bpbsp sd_ kp`y Ry>, Apl Apg
dpldv$_p v$fL$ vy$d_ rS>_dp\u lpe L$
Bkp_dp\u s_p D`f gp_s L$f. ly Apl
`pk sd_p\u bTpfu Qply Ry> Apl
dpldv$ (k.A.h.) A_ s_u Apg `f
flds _pqTg L$f.
381
A_y$drZL$p
vy$ApA Apguesyg
dTpdu_
i$ L$$ Ry> Apl_p _pd\u S> fldp_
A_ flud R>.
Ae Apl ! d Ap Bdpd (A.k.)
_u qTepfs sd_u Bdpds_p BL$fpf A_
sd_u BspAs afS> lphp_p AL$uv$p_u kp\
L$fu R>. d Ap Bdpd (A.k.) _u qTepfsNpl_p Bfpv$p dpfp Ny_plp, dpfu yqV$Ap,
lgpL$sdp _pM_pfu dpfu _pafdp_uAp,
dpfu Ake b|fpBAp A_ dpfu c|gp A_
S> L$pB sy dpfp L$fsp h^pf Zp R>p s
b^p_u kp\ L$ep R>. spfu dpau \L$u
Ry>V$L$pfp Qpl_pfp Ry>, spfp rld \L$u `_pl
382
A_y$drZL$p
Qpl_pfp Ry>, spfu flds_u Dduv$

fpM_pfp Ry>, spfp $L$__ `L$X$ep R>. spfu
dlfbp_udp fnZ dmh_pfp Ry>. sy spfp
hgu A_ spfp hguAp_p afTv$, spfp
dp_uspAp_p afTv$, spfp Adu_ A_ spfp
Adu_p_p afTv$, spfp Mguap A_ spfp
MguapAp_p afTv$_u iapAs Qply Ry>. L$
S>Ap_ s spfu flds A_ spfu My_yv$u
dmhhp_p hkugp b_pep R> A_ spfu
dlfbp_u A_ spfu dpau_p dpedp
b_pep R>. Ae Apl ! spfu bpfNpldp
dpfu kp\u `lgu lpS>s Ap R> L$ dpfp
ANpD_p Ny_plp_ OZp lphp R>sp sy dpa
L$fu v$ A_ dpfu bpL$u_u rS>v$Nudp d_
Ny_plp\u bQph. A_ dpfp v$u__ Ahu
383
A_y$drZL$p
hsyAp\u `pL$ fpMS> L$ S> s_ L$gqL$s

A_ A`dpr_s L$f R>. sy s_p iL$p, Ly$iL$p,
riL$ A_ akpv$\u fnZdp fpM. sy d_ spfu
BspAs A_ spfp fk|g (k.A.h.)_u
BspAs A_ sd_u DQ A_ kApv$sdv$
Apg_u BspAs A_ spbv$pfu D`f
kprbs L$v$d fpM. sAp D`f spfu
kghps, spfu flds A_ spfu bfL$sp
_pqTg L$f. A_ ep kyû sy d_ hs
fpM ep kyû sAp_u BspAs D`f bpL$u
fpMS> A_ epf sy d_ dey Ap` sp
sAp_u BspAs D`f S> d_ dps Ap`S>.
A_ A L$ sAp_u dhvs, sAp_u
dplbs, sAp_p vy$d_p e_u vy$d_u
A_ sAp_p v$psp_ kp\ Ap`hp_y A_
384
A_y$drZL$p
sAp kp\ _L$u L$fhp_y sy dpfp qv$gdp\u

rdV$phu _pMsp _l]. Ae dpfp `fhfqv$Npf
! ly spfu `pk khpg L$$ Ry> L$ dpfu Ap
hps_ L$b|g L$f. A_ sy spfu Bbpv$s A_
s_u `pbv$u_ dpfp dpV$ `kv$uv$p b_phu v$
A_ sdp d_ a|rs Ap`. spfu lfpd L$fg
bpbsp A_ Ny_plp_ dpfu _S>fdp
rsfL$pf cep b_phu v$ A_ d_ s_p\u v|$f
fpM. A_ d_ Ahu spauL$ Ap` L$ _dpT
`X$hpdp kysu _ L$$, A_ s_ lL$u _
kdSy> A_ s_ Av$p L$fhpdp dpXy$ _ L$$.
A_ d_ spauL$ Ap` L$ ly A (_dpT)_
Ahu fus Av$p L$$ L$ S>hu fus s aT L$fu R>
A_ S>hu fus s lyd L$ep R>. spfp fk|g,
sd_p D`f A_ sd_u Apg D`f spfu
385
A_y$drZL$p
kghps, spfu flds A_ spfu bfL$sp

dpL$g, L$ (_dpT_) sd_u kys dpZ
_dsp A_ rh_dsp kp\ Av$p L$$. A_
TL$ps Av$p L$fhp dpV$, kv$L$p Ap`hp dpV$,
_L$ L$pedp MQ L$fhp dpV$ A_ Apg
dpldv$ (A.dy.k.)_p riepAp kp\ _L$u
A_ Alkp_ L$fhpdp, A_ sd_u kp\
kvhsph L$fhp dpV$ sy dpfp qv$g_ rhipm
L$fu v$. A_ d_ ep kyû dps Ap`sp _l]
ep kyû spfp dplsfd Of L$p"bp_u lS>
A_ spfp _bu (k.A.h.) s\p Bdpdp
(A.dy.k.) _u L$bfp_u qTepfs _ L$fu
gJ. Ae dpfp `fhfqv$Npf ! ly spfu `pk
_k|l_p S>hu spbp_p khpg L$$ Ry>. L$
S>_p\u sy fp \B , Ahu r_es L$ S>_p
386
A_y$drZL$p
sy hMpZ L$f A_ Ahp _L$ Adg L$ S>_ sy

L$b|g L$fu g. A_ A L$ sy d_ dpa L$fu v$
A_ epf sy d_ dps Ap` sp dpfp D`f
fld L$fS> A_ dps_p kde kL$fps_u
dyL$gu_ dpfu D`f Apkp_ L$fS> A_
dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$ sd_p D`f
A_ sd_u Apg D`f Apl_u kghps
\pe. sAp_p Qpl_pfpAp_p kd|l_u kp\
d_ DW$pX$S> A_ spfu flds \L$u d_
S>sdp v$pMg L$fS>. A_ A L$ spfu
BspAsdp dpfu ApMdp\u Qp^pf Apky
hlhp gpN A_ Ahu hpspdp d_ $v$_
L$fhp_u spauL$ v$ L$ S> d_ spfp\u _S>v$uL$
L$fu v$. A_ dpfp qv$g_ spfp v$psp e
gpNZuiug b_phu v$. A_ Ap vy$r_epdp
387
A_y$drZL$p
_yL$ip_p, Apasp, dpV$u budpfuAp, lWugp

fpNp A_ v$fL$ L$pf_u bgpAp A_
vyOV$_pAp\u sy d_ bQphS>. A_ sy dpfp
qv$g_ lfpd\u `pL$ L$fu v$, spfu _pafdp_u
e rsfL$pf `v$p L$fu v$, A_ dpfpdp
lgpg e_u dplbs _pMu v$. A_ sy
dpfp dpV$ s (lgpg hsyAp) _p v$fhp
Mpgu _pM A_ s_u D`f S> dpfu r_es
s\p Adg_ d$d fpMS>. A_ dpfu he
gpbu L$f. A_ f Nd_p v$fhpAp_
dpfp dpV$ b^ L$fu v$. A_ dpfp D`f s S>
L$pB D`L$pf L$ep R> s_ dpfu `pk\u R>u_hu
gsp _l]. A_ S> hsy Apù_ s dpfp
D`f S> L$pB Alkp_ L$ep R> sdp\u dpfu
`pk L$pB `pRy> gB gsp _l]. A_ s
388
A_y$drZL$p
_Adsp L$ S> s d_ Asp L$fu R> s_p\u d_

hrQs L$fsp _l]. A_ s d_ S> L$pB Apey
R> sdp h^pfp L$fS>, s_ bd A\hp
s_p\u h^pf L$fu v$S>. A_ sy M|b S> h^pf
A_ rhipm dpg, S> blpmp lpe, Myi
L$f_pfp lpe, dybpfL$ lpe, h^sp fl A_
BA sV$gp lpe. A_ Ahu BTTs Ap`
L$ S> bpL$u fl_pfu A_ `|fsu lpe. A_
Ahp v$f$p Ap` S> dS>b|s A_ kyfrns
lpe. A_ Ahu _Ads Ap` S> rh`yg
A_ blpmu lpe. A_ s_p \L$u d_ sL$gua
cfgu hsyAp\u A_ dyL$gucep L$pdp\u
br_epT L$fu v$. A_ dpfp v$u_, dpfu s,
dpfu Apgpv$ A_ S> L$pB s d_ Asp L$ey R>
A_ _hpep R> s_p \L$u A b^p
389
A_y$drZL$p
(dyL$gucep) L$pdpdp\u d_ _s Ap`.

sy dpfp dpg A_ S> L$pB s d_ Asp L$ey R>
s b^p_ kyfrns fpM. A_ d_ Tprgdp_p
lp\p\u bQphS>, A_ d_ dpfp hs_ `fs
`lpQpX$u v$S>. A_ sy dpfu vy$r_ehu A_
ApMfs_u ApfS|>Ap_ `|fu L$fu v$. A_ sy
dpfp L$pe_p Ad ki_ue, kpfp A_
yqV$ hNf_p L$fS>. A_ sy d_ Dv$pf
qv$ghpmp, kd^ lpgshpmp A_ kpfp
AgpL$hpmp b_phu v$ L$ S> L$S|>ku,
r_apL$, S|>W$, bplsp_ A_ _L$pdu hpsp\u
v|$f lpe. dpldv$ (k.A.h.) A_ Apg
dp l dv$ (A.dy . k.) A_ s d _p
riepAp_u dplbs_ dpfp qv$gdp Y$ L$fu
v$. Ae dpfp `fhfqv$Npf ! dpfu s_,
390
A_y$drZL$p
dpfp Ly$Vy$buAp_, dpfp dpg_, dpfu

Apgpv$_, dpfp ldv$v$p_ dpfp cpBAp_,
dpfp\u dplbs fpM_pfpAp_ A_ dpfp
hi_ spfu flds A_ spfu kMphs hX$
fnZdp fpMS>. Ae Apl ! spfu
bpfNpldp Ap dpfu lpS>sp R>, S>_ d
dpfu V|$L$u _S>f_p L$pfZ OZu dp_u R>,
epf L$ spfu _S>fdp s sv_ _hu A_
s_ `|fu L$fhu spfp dpV$ OZu klgu A_
kfm R>. s\u dpldv$ A_ Apg dpldv$
(A.dy.k.)_p S> v$f$p spfu _S>v$uL$ R>
s_p hpsp\u, sAp_p s lL$ L$ S> spfp
D`f R> A_ sAp_p dpV$ S> L$pB s spfp
D`f S>$fu W$fpey R> s_p hpsp\u A_
spfp bu b^p _buAp, spfp fk|gp,
391
A_y$drZL$p
spfp Q|V$u L$Y$pAgp A_ r_Mpgk L$fpAgp

bv$pAp_p hpsp\u A_ s Bd ApTd_p
hpsp\u s bû S> lpS>sp_p spfu `pk
khpg L$$ Ry> L$ S>_ s l kyû `|fu L$fu
_\u. A_ dpfu s BR>pAp_ S>_ s `|fu
L$fu_ dpfu Apip A_ dpfu A`npdp d_
r_fpi L$ep _ lsp sy Ap kplb L$b_ dpfu
iapAs L$f_pf b_phS>. Ae dpfp kfv$pf
! Ae Apl_p hgu ! Ae Apl_p
Adp_sv$pf ! Ap`_p `pL$uTp AS>v$pv$_p
l$_p hpsp A_ Ap`_p Q|V$u L$Y$pAgp
afTv$_p l$_p hpsp \L$u khpg L$$ Ry> L$
dpfu Ap bû S> lpS>sp dpV$ Ap` Apl
ATT h S>_u bpfNpldp dpfu iapAs
L$fp. L$pfZ L$ Apl_u _Tv$uL$, L$ S>_p
392
A_y$drZL$p
_pdp `pL$uTp R>, Ap`_p dpV$ Apv$fZue

v$f$p, Npfhipmu dfsbp A_ dS>b|s
\p_ R>. Ae Apl ! ANf ly Ahp L$pB_
ApmMsp lps L$ S> Ap Bdpd, sd_p
AS>v$pv$ A_ sd_p `pL$uTp afTv$p, sAp
D`f kgpd A_ kghps \pe, L$fsp spfu
bpfNpldp h^pf dp_hs lpe sp ly sAp_
S> dpfp iauA b_phs A_ dpfu Ap
lpS>sp A_ dpNZuAp_ sd_u kpdS> fS|>
L$fs. s\u d_ kpcm A_ dpfu vy$Ap_
L$b|g L$f, A_ sy dpfu kp\ Ahp hsph L$f
S> spfu ip__ gpeL$ R>. Ae fld
L$f_pfpApdp kp\u $ fld L$f_pf ! Ae
Apl ! A_ dpfu dpNZuApdp S> L$pB
L$du flu NB R> A_ ep kyû dpfu kdS>
393
A_y$drZL$p
`lpQu iL$u _\u L$ S> dpfp v$u_, dpfu

vy$r_ep A_ dpfu ApMfsdp DèpNu lpe
sy d_ sd_p\u _hpS>. A_ sy dpfu
rlapTs L$f A_ dp$ fnZ L$f A_ d_
bnu v$ A_ d_ dpa L$fu v$. A_ kfL$i
isp_ A\hp vy$d_ bpv$ipl A\hp v$u_dp
dpfp rhfpû A\hp vy$r_epdp TOX$pMpf
A\hp dpfu _Adsp D`f Bjp L$f_pf
A\hp Tprgd A\hp bNphs L$f_pf Ap
b^pdp\u S> L$pB `Z dp$ b|$ BR> A\hp
d_ ksphhp_p Bfpv$p L$f sp sy s_p lp\_
dpfp\u fpL$u gS>, d_ s_u m\u Ry>V$L$pfp
A`phS> A_ s_ S> sdp akphu v$S>. A_
s_u b|fpB A_ s_p A_yepeuAp_u s\p
s_p isp_p_u b|fpB kpd sy dpfp dpV$
394
A_y$drZL$p
`|fsp \B . A_ s_u b|fpB d_ _yL$ip_

`lpQpX$ A_ d_ B `lpQpX$ s v$fL$\u
d_ spfu `_pldp fpM. A_ bû S
cgpBAp L$ S> L$pB ly Ry> A_ S> L$pB ly
_\u Zsp s bûS> sy d_ Asp L$f. Ae
Apl ! dpldv$ k.A.h. A_ Apg
dpldv$ A.dy.k. D`f flds _pqTg L$f.
d_, dpfp dp-bp`_, dpfp cpBAp_,
dpfu bl_p_, dpfp L$pL$pAp_, dpfu
ap B Ap _ , dpfp dpdpAp _ , dpfu
dpkuAp_, dpfp v$pv$pAp_, dpfu v$pv$uAp_,
sAp_u Ahgpv$_, sAp_p hi_, dpfu
`_uAp_, dpfp hi_, dpfp kNpAp_,
dpfp v$psp_, dpfp `pX$piuAp_, `|h s\p
`qddp flsp Ap`_p kbû\u S>Ap
395
A_y$drZL$p
dpfp cpBAp R> s b^p_, dpdu_p A_

dpd_psdp\u dpfu dplbs ^fph_pfpApdp\u S>Ap hsp R> A_ sApdp\u
S>Ap dey `pep R> sAp_ A_ sAp L$
SdZ d_ _L$ hpsp iuMhpX$u A\hp S>Z
dpfu `pk\u Bd lprkg L$ey sAp b^p_
sy dpa L$fu v$. Ae Apl ! spfu flds_p
kv$L$pdp sy sAp_ dpfu _L$ vy$ApApdp A_
spfu ly $s A_ spfp hgu_u
qTepfsNpldp S> qTepfs L$fu fp Ry>
sdp sAp_ ifuL$ L$fu v$ A_ sAp_u _L$
vy$ApApdp d_ ifuL$ L$fu v$. Ae fld
L$f_pfpApdp kp\u h^pf fld L$f_pf !
A_ sd_p sfa\u spfp hgu_ kgpd
`lpQpX$u v$. Ap`_p D`f kgpd \pe A_
396
A_y$drZL$p
Apl_u flds A_ s_u bfL$sp \pe.

Ae dpfp kfv$pf ! A_ Ae dpfp dpgp !
(Al] S>d_u qTepfs L$fu fp lpe sd_y
dybpfL$ _pd g) Apl Ap`_p D`f
Ap`_u $l D`f A_ Ap`_p bv$_ D`f
kghps _pqTg L$f. Apl_u bpfNpldp
Ap` S> dpfp hkugp A_ s_u sfa Ap`S>
dpfp dped R>p. dpfu `pk sdpfp rs
dplbs_p A_ Dduv$_p lL$ R>. s\u
dpfp Ap fpL$pZ v$frdep_ dpfu Ap hps
dpV$ Apl ATT h S>_u bpfNpldp
dpfu iapAs L$f_pfp b_u h. A_ dpfp
fpL$pZ_u Ap S>epA\u S> L$pB d s_u
flds A_ s_u Ly$v$fs \L$u dpey R> s
b^p_u L$b|gps kp\ Ap` d_ `fs
397
A_y$drZL$p
afhp_u f Ap`p. Ae Apl ! sy d_

k`|Z byq, h^pfp \pe shu kdS>, bpL$u
fl shu B$s `pL$uTp qv$g, h^pf Adg
A_ DQ kL$pfp_y qfTL$ Asp L$f. A_
spfu flds \L$u s b^p_ dpfp apev$pdp L$f
A_ s_ dpfp apev$p rh$ _l] L$fsp. Ae
fld L$f_pfpApdp kp\u h^pf fld
L$f_pf.
398
A_y$drZL$p

Rahnuma E Zaer (Part 2)

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Rahnuma E Zaer (Part 2)

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Available Formats

fpl_ydp-A-TpBf

CF_ GF_ D[DMlZI, 8=:8

... b bpg ...

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b^u S> bpbsp Aphfu ghpdp Aphu R>.

Ap qL$spb_p L$pedp klL$pf

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21 Bdpd d|kp L$prTd A.k._u

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Agu AL$bf A.k. iluv$ \ep lsp

`rh \mp_u rhNs

lTfs Bdpd d|kp L$pqTd A.k._p fpTp,

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ka$v$u_ (A.f.)_u L$bf (8) lTfs

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ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p Apv$pb

L$bf dybpfL$ (3) S>_pb lL$udp Mps|_

ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p Apv$pb

(5) `pL$ kpa A_ hR> L$`X$p `lf (6)

ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p Apv$pb

AV$gp _L$ fl L$ Tful dybpfL$\u hmNu

ABdp A.k._u qTepfs_p Apv$pb

(16) `psp_p Ny_plp_u spbp L$f A_

ChZT VaAF; VP;P GM ZMhM

B .DFD C];{G VP;P GM ZMhM

ChZT .DFD C];{G VP;PGF ZMhFGM GSXM

lTfs Bdpd lyk_ A.k._p fpTp_u rhNs

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

Nd A_ fS>\u R|>V$L$pfp dm R>,

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

`kp MQ L$fhpdp Aphi s_p v$fL$

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

qv$hk S>epf dlifdp cNp \_pfp gpL$p

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

gu^u. kpcey L$ Ap Aggpl_p

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

khpb_u Apip fpMu R>, spfp `eNbf

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

dp Adpfu dlpbs_p L$pfZ R>pX$u_

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

hlpep R> A_ fld L$f A qv$gp `f S>

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

L$kd d A hMs ApfT| L$fu L$v$pQ Ap

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

R>pX$S> L$pfZ L$ X$fu_ qTepfs R>pX$u

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

Apl_p fk|g k.A.h. lp\ dmhi.

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

bQpAp hQ `pR>p af R> L$ s_p `f

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

L$fhp Aph R> A_ sd_p `f fX$ R> A_

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs_u aTugs

AL$ lf iluv$p_p khpb Ap`i A_

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u

V<,FCM VS3AZM SALZF J,3 C1D3NM

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs

GALiI<,FCP V:;,FDM V1,I3S IF

Bdpd lyk_ A.k._u qTepfs