Twenty Year Task Force Report - Merged

g]kfn ;/sf/
pmhf{ dGqfno
dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)^^÷)%÷!) sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ul7t

aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn–@)^^ sf]
k|ltj]bg
l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f}+
ljifo ;"lr
;+If]kLs/0f -s_
k|fSsyg -v_
cfef/f]lQm -ª_
k|ltj]bgsf] sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z -r_
kl/R5]b–!= k[i7e"ld !–%
!=! sfo{bnsf] u7g / sfof{bz
] @
!=!=! sfo{bnsf] u7g ljlw
!=!=@ sfo{bnsf] sfof{bz
]
!=@ sfo{bnsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw #
!=@=! cfof]hgf 5gf]6 tyf ljQLo of]hgf pk;ldlt
!=@=@ pmhf{ ahf/ tyf k|;f/0f pk;ldlt
!=@=# ;+:yfut gLltut tyf sfg"gL pk;ldlt
!=@=$ Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt
!=@=% ;+of]hg pk;ldlt
!=# 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf ;'emfjx¿ %
kl/R5]b–@= pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf ^–(
@=! pmhf{sf ;|ft] x¿ ^
@=@ pmhf{sf] vkt ^
@=# pmhf{sf] dfu k|If]k0f tyf ljZn]if0f *
kl/R5]b–#= cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf !)–@^
#=! k[i7e"ld !)
#=@ g]kfndf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; rqm !)
#=# cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 tyf juL{s/0f !@
#=#=! kfFr jif{leq -;g\ @)!$ ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
#=#=@ bz jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
#=#=# kGw| jif{leq -;g\ @)@$ ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
#=#=$ aL; jif{leq -;g\ @)@( ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
#=$ cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo Joj:yf !*
#=$=! kfFr jif{leq cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0f
#=$=@ bz jif{leq cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0f
#=$=# kGw|bl] v aL; jif{leq cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0f
#=% hnljB't\ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf ljleGg df]8nx¿ !(
#=%=! lrlnd] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
#=%=@ dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
#=%=# lvDtL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
#=^ cfof]hgf ljsf; ;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿ @@
kl/R5]b–$= k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg @&–$#
$=! e"ldsf @&
$=@ k|f/lDes dfu k|If]k0f @&
$=@=! g]=lj=k|f=sf] ljBdfg dfu k|If]k0f
$=@=@ pmhf{ /0fgLltsf] kl/k]|Ifdf dfu k|If]k0f
$=# k|;f/0f nfOg @*
$=# ! ljBdfg cj:yf
$=# @ k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf0f{ of]hgf
$=# # cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOg
$=$ efjL of]hgf #!
$=% k|:tfljt /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOg #^
$=^ clglZrttf #(
$=& k|;f/0f nfOg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿ $)
$=* lgisif{ $@
kl/R5]b–%= j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g $$–$*
%=! e"ldsf $$
%=@ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;Defjgf $%
%=# j}slNks pmhf{sf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf ;jfn / ;'emfjx¿ $&
kl/R5]b–^= ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf $(–^!
^=! e"ldsf $(
^=@ ljutsf gLltut cg'ej / ;'emfjx¿ $(
^=# ljB't\ If]qsf] ;+/rgfut ;'wf/ gLlt %)
^=$ ;+jw} flgs Joj:yf %%
^=% gLltut tyf ;+:yfut ;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿ %^
kl/R5]b–&= hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj ^@–^$
&=! e"ldsf ^@
&=@ hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj ^#
&=# hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;DaGwdf s]xL ;'emfjx¿ ^$
kl/R5]b–*= k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] dfu{lrq ^%–^^
cg';l" rx¿M
cg';l" r–! M ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr
cg';l" r–@ M g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L #* a'Fb] sfo{of]hgf
cg';l" r–# M g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] ljBdfg dfu k|If]k0f
cg';l" r–$ M k|;f/0f nfOgsf] gS;f
cg';l" r–% M pmhf{ / zlQmsf OsfOx?sf] dfg, kl/jt{g u'0fx? /
ljleGg OGwgsf] pmhf{ cGtj{:t' tflnsf
cfj/0f t:jL/M
hnljB't\ pTkfbg ug{sf nflu cToGt cfsif{s dflgPsf] d':tfª If]qsf] sfnLu08sL gbLsf] dgf]/d b[Zo
;+If]kLs/0f
g]=lj=kf| = – g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f

cfO{=lk=l;=l;= – OG6/ue/d]G6n Kofg]n km/ SnfOd]6 r]Gh
Pd=le=P= – d]uf ef]N6 PlDko/
s]=eL=P= – lsnf]ef]N6 PlDko/
s]=eL= – lsnf]ef]N6
p=v=;=+ – pmhf{ vl/b ;Demf}tf
c=3=ld= – c/a 3gld6/
c=lghL – cGt/f{li6«o lghL If]q
cf=j= – cfly{s jif{
p=cf=a=[ – pRr cfly{s j[l4b/
P=lj=a+} – Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s +
ls=ld= – lsnf]ld6/
ls=jf=3= – lsnf]jf6 306f
s]=eL= – lsnf]ef]N6
3=ld= – 3gld6/
3=ld=÷;]= – 3gld6/ k|lt;]sG] 8
lr=h=lj=s=ln= – lrlnd] hnljB't\ sDkgL lnld6]8
h=lj=cf= – hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
h=p=cf=;= – hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfno
6=t=] jf= – 6g t]na/fa/
bf=ef= – bfp/fsf] ef/L
g]=lj=kf| = – g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f
Go"=cf=a=[ – Go"g cfly{s a[l4b/
d=cf=a=[ – dWod cfly{s a[l4b/
ld=ld – ldlnld6/
d]=h=' – d]ufh'n
d]=jf= – d]ufjf6
d"=c=s= – d"No clea[l4 s/
/f=lghL – /fli6«o lghL If]q
lj=lk=l;= – a'6jn kfj/ sDkgL
lj=v=;= – ljB't\ vl/b ;D´f}tf
;f=lg=;f= – ;fj{hlgs lghL ;f´]bf/L
:6f=3=ld= – :6fG88{ 3gld6/
:j=p=p= – :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbs
l8=;L= – 8fO/]S6 s/]G6
Pr=le=l8=;L= – xfO ef]N6]h 8fO/]S6 s/]G6
-s_
k|fSsyg
b]zdf nf]stflGqs u0ftGqfTds zf;g k4lt :yfkgf ePkl5 jg]sf] klxnf] ;/sf/n] bz jif{df bz xhf/
d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{ / k|To]s 3/3'/Ldf ljB't\ cfk"lt{ ug]{ /fli6«o k|lta4tf sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu 7f];
/ ;doa4 sfo{of]hgf th'd{ f ug{ jl/i7 OlGhlgo/ ;f]dgfy kf}8n ] sf] ;+of]hsTjdf ldlt @)^%÷*÷!* df !%
;b:oLo sfo{bn u7g u/]sf] lyof] . pQm sfo{bnn] @)^% r}q !* ut] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg g]kfn ;/sf/, pmhf{
dGqfnonfO{ k]; u/]sf] lyof] . pQm k|ltj]bgdf g]kfnsf] hn;|ft] / o;sf] pkof]u, b]zsf] pmhf{sf] dfu /
cfk"lt{ cj:yf, hnljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f tyf ljB't\Ls/0f ;DaGwL ;jfnx¿, hnljB't\ ljsf;sf nflu
klxrfg ePsf df}hb' f afwf–Jojwfg, tTsfnLg sfo{qmdx¿, gLltut / ;+:yfut Joj:yf, pk;+xf/ / l;kmfl/;;lxtsf]
!$^ k[i7sf] k|ltj]bg tof/ u/]sf] 5 . pQm k|ltj]bgsf] efu !–d'Vo k|ltj]bg @)^^ efb|df g]kfn ;/sf/, pmhf{
dGqfnoåf/f k|sflzt ul/Psf] 5 . ;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfn, PsLs[t g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{
-dfcf]jfbL_ sf cWoIf Pj+ k"jk{ |wfgdGqL k'i' ksdn bfxfn ‘k|r08’, g]kfnL sf+u|;] sf ;efklt Pj+ k"jk{ |wfgdGqL
:juL{o lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnf, g]kfn sDo'lgi6 kf6L{ -Pdfn]_ sf cWoIf emngfy vgfn tyf dfggLo pmhf{
dGqL 8f= k|sfzz/0f dxtn] k|ltj]bgsf] ;kmn sfof{Gjogsf nflu z'esfdgf JoQm ug'{ ePsf] 5 .
;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL dfwjs'df/ g]kfnsf] g]t[Tjdf ag]sf] ;/sf/n] cfly{s jif{ @)^^÷)^& sf] ah]6 jQmJodf
cfufdL @) jif{df @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ bL3{sfnLg ;f]r lnOPsf] 5 . Joj:yflksf ;+;b\af6
pQm ah]6 @)^^÷*÷( df kfl/t ePkZrft\ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't pQm bL3{sfnLg ;f]rdf ;+ljwfg;efdf
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} bnx¿sf] ;dy{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] pQm ;f]rnfO{ d"t¿ { k lbg ldlt
@)^^÷%÷@) sf] dlGqkl/ifb\sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ @) jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; sfo{of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn u7g u/L
sfd ;'? u/]sf] ldltn] ^) -;f7L_ lbgleq k|ltj]bg k]; ug{ tf]lsPsf] lyof] . cl3Nnf] sfo{bndf /xg' ePsf
kfFrhgf ;b:ox¿ ;d]t ;dfj]z x'ge' Psfn] cl3Nnf] sfo{bnn] cf}N+ ofPsf k|dv ' ;jfn tyf ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{
cfTd;ft\ ug]{ / pQm sfo{bnn] ;d]6\g g;s]sf ljifoj:t'dfly 5nkmn u/L 7f]; ;'emfj k]; ug]{ ;'cj;/ o;
sfo{bnnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] 5 .
hn pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] /fli6«o pmhf{ /0fgLltsf] d:of}bf tof/ ug]{ l;nl;nfdf u/]sf] cWoog,
cg';Gwfg / 5nkmnn] b]zsf] tTsfnLg, dWosfnLg / bL3{sfnLg pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] kl/b[Zo
k|:t't u/]sf] 5 . lgDg cfly{s j[l4b/ -#=* k|ltzt_, dWod cfly{s j[l4b/ -%=%^ k|ltzt_ / pRr
cfly{s j[l4b/ -*=$ k|ltzt_ sf] cj:yfdf b]zsf] pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf s:tf] x'G5 < /
g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ lbuf] Pj+ ;j{;n ' e pmhf{sf] ;|ft] s;/L pknAw u/fpg ;lsG5 < eGg] ljifodf pQm cWoog
s]lGb|t ePsf] 5 . sfo{bnn] pQm cWoognfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfgL cfufdL @) jif{df b]znfO{ cfjZos kg]{
pmhf{;f| t] dWo] ljB'ts
\ f] c+z ls6fg u/L a9L ljB't\ l5d]sL b]zdf lgof{t ug]{ cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . g]kfnsf]
ef}uf]lns cj:yf tyf hnjfo'n] ubf{ jiff{ ofddf gbLgfnfdf oy]i6 hn k|jfx eO{ hl8t Ifdtf cg';f/
-v_
ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g] t/ lxpFbdf hn k|jfxdf sdL cfO{ hl8t Ifdtfsf] Ps ltxfO dfq ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g]
kl/l:ylt ljBdfg 5 . clwsf+z hnljB't\ cfof]hgf gbLsf] axfjdf cfwfl/t -/g ckm l/e/_ ePsfn] of]
kl/l:ylt ;[hgf ePsf] xf] . csf]t{ km{ jif{ el/sf] ljB't\ dfusf] ljZn]if0f ubf{ a9L ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g] udL{ ofddf
dfu sd x'g] / sd pTkfbg x'g] lxpFb ofddf a9L dfu x'g] cj:yf b]zdf ljBdfg 5 . ljB'ts \ f] dfu / cfk"lt{sf]
of] c;Gt'ng x6fpg If]qLo:t/df hnfzoo'Qm ljB't\ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug'{ ckl/xfo{ 5 . hnfzoo'Qm ljB't\
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf 7"nf] wg/flz vr{ x'g,] ;fdflhs / jftfj/0fLo k|efj a9L x'g] / 7"nf] e"efu 8'afgdf kg]{ cflb
;jfnx¿n] ubf{ To:tf a[xt\\ cfof]hgf ;/sf/ cfkm}n + ] sfo{Gjog ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . gbLsf] axfjdf cfwfl/t
-/g ckm l/e/_ cfof]hgfx¿df dfq lghL If]q a9L cfslif{t x'g] clxn]sf] cj:yf eljiodf klg sfod} /xg]
b]lvG5 . ctM hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ ltgLx¿sf] Ifdtfsf cfwf/df juL{s/0f u/L ltgsf] sfof{Gjog lghL
jf ;/sf/L If]qdWo] s;n] ubf{ pko'Qm x'G5 eGg]af/] sfo{bnn] Pp6f bL3{sfnLg vfsf tof/ u/]sf] 5 .
o; sfo{bnn] @) jif{sf] ;do cjlwleq ljsf; ug'k{ g]{ cfof]hgfsf] ;"lr tof/ ubf{ /fli6«o hnof]hgf–@)^@
/ cl3Nnf] sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgnfO{ klg cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5 . tyflk klxnf] kfFr jif{leq lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] /
lgdf{0f ;'? x'g] cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr tof/ ubf{ lghL If]q, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu / g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf
lj1x¿;Fu uxg 5nkmn u/L ;DefJo cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ dfq ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 . cl3Nnf] sfo{bnn]
cª\uLsf/ u/]sf] sfo{ljlwnfO{ ;fdfGotM :jLsf/ ub}{ k|;f/0f tyf ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; / Joj:yfkgsf
ljifodf yk k|fljlws ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] ;'emfj k|:t't' ul/Psf] 5 . ljB't\ If]qdf ug'k{ g]{ gLltut tyf ;+:yfut
;'wf/sf ;DaGwdf cl3Nnf] sfo{bnn] k]; u/]sf] l;kmfl/;x¿sf] sfof{Gjogtkm{ hf]8 lbFb} o; sfo{bnn] pQm
sfo{ s;/L ug]{ eGg]af/] :ki6 dfu{lrq k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
of] k|ltj]bgn] s]jn hnljB't\df dfq s]lGb|t geO{ o;n] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ / j}slNks pmhf{nfO{ u|fdL0f If]qdf
k'¥ofpg] / b]zsf] pmhf{ ;'/Iff / pmhf{ ljljwLs/0f ug]{ /0fgLlt cjnDjg u/]sf] 5 .
cfufdL @) jif{df @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ nIo dxTjfsf+IfL eP tfklg c;Dej eg] 5}g eGg]
tYonfO{ of] k|ltj]bgn] k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu cfdhg;d'bfo, /fhgLlts bn, ;/sf/L lgsfox¿,
pBf]uL, Jofkf/Lx¿, :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbsx¿, g]kfn ;/sf/, Gofokflnsf / Joj:yflksf ;+;b\\sf] cf–cfˆgf]
ljlzi6 e"ldsf x'g] ePsfn] tL lgsfo ;ª\3–;+:yf, /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] sxfF s:tf] ;xof]u / k|ltj4tf
cfjZos kb{5 eGg] ljifonfO{ ;'Id ¿kdf s]nfpg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . o;dWo] ljleGg ¿ksf /fhgLlts
cfGbf]ng, zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cefj, ljleGg cfk/flws ;d"xåf/f l;h{gf ul/g] wDsL, rGbf cftÍ tyf ljleGg
axfgfdf :yfgLo hgtfåf/f ul/g] cj/f]w cflb ;d:ofn] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ 7"nf] sl7gfO
pTkGg ePsf] 5 .
oL ;jfnx¿nfO{ plrt ¿kdf ;Djf]wg ug{ g;s] ;Dd hnljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f / ljt/0f sfo{ ;xh ¿kdf
cl3 ga9\g] cj:yf 5 . o;sf ;fy} d'ns ' n] xfn r/d ljB't\ ;+s6 ef]lu/x]sf] cj:yfdf o;af6 pGd'lQm kfpg
g]kfn ;/sf/sf ljleGg lgsfox¿ / ljz]if u/L pmhf{ dGqfno, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, jftfj/0f dGqfno,
cy{ dGqfno / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]uaLr ;dembf/L / ;dGjo x'g' cfjZos 5 . hnljB't\ Pp6f gjLs/0fLo
pmhf{sf] ;|ft] ePsfn] o;sf] pkof]u ubf{ pmhf{sf k/Dk/fut ;|ft] h:t} sf7 bfp/f tyf k]6«fl] nod kbfy{sf]
pkof]u sd x'g uO{ sfj{g pT;h{g ;d]t 36\5 . t/ hnljB't\ pTkfbg k|lqmofdf gbLsf] jxfj k|efljt x'g,]
jg hª\un Iflt x'g ;Sg] / h}ljs ljljwtf Pj+ kof{j/0fdf c;/ kg]{ h:tf gsf/fTds jftfj/0fLo k|efj kg]{
ePsfn] o;nfO{ Go"g ub}{ hn;|ft] sf] clwstd pkof]u ug's { f] ljsNk 5}g .
g]kfnsf] hnljB't\ ljsf;sf] cfufdL @) jif{sf] ofqfdf klxnf kfFr jif{sf] cjlw lg0ff{os x'g5 ] . k|To]s
/fhgLlts bnsf] r'gfjL 3f]if0ffkqdf 7"nf] dxTj kfPsf], u0ftGq :yfkgfkl5 ag]sf b'j} ;/sf/sf] k|fyldstfdf
-u_
k/]sf], lghL If]q / cGt/f{li6«o bft[ lgsfox¿ nufgL ug{ tDtof/ /x]sf] ;Gbe{df ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] OR5f /
k|ltj4tfnfO{ cfof]hgf :t/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;lsG5 ls ;lsFbg} < sfo{bnn] tTsfn ;'? ug{ k|:tfj u/]sf
cfof]hgf ;'? u/L tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg ug]{ tkm{ ;DjlGwt\ lgsfox¿n] cu|;/tf b]vfpF5g\ ls b]vfpFbg} g\
eGg] s'/f klxnf] kfFr jif{leq} :ki6 b]lvg]5 . o; cjlwdf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ ;'rf¿ ¿kdf cl3 a9]df xfn
eO/x]sf] nf]8;]l8ª w]/} sd x'g uO{ o; If]qdf ePsf] nufgLsf] k|ltkmn cfdgful/s, cfof]hgf k|j4{s, lgdf{0f
Joj;foL / g]kfn ;/sf/ ;j}n] kfpg]5g\ . o;af6 /fli6«o :t/df g} ljZjf;sf] jftfj/0f aGg] / cGt/f{li6«o
nufgLstf{x¿ 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ tkm{ cfslif{t x'g5 ] g\ . klxnf] kfFr jif{sf] pknlAwn] g} cfufdL @)
jif{sf] hnljB't\ ljsf;sf] cfwf/zLnf tof/ ug]{ ePsfn] sfo{bnn] kfFr jif{leq ;DkGg ug]{ / ;'? x'g]
cfof]hgf 5gf]6df ljz]if hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . Psftkm{ lgdf{0f sfo{nfO{ o'4:t/df cl3 k9fpFb} tf]lsPsf] ;dodf
cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug'k{ b{5 eg] csf]t{ km{ tL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ sfg"gL, ljQLo tyf ;+:yfut
;'wf/sf sfo{ ;fy;fy} cl3 a9fpg'kb{5 . o;f] ePdf @) jif{df @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{
/fli6«o ;+sNk ;lhn} k"/f x'g5 ] .
of] k|ltj]bgnfO{ o;cl3 tof/ ePsf] ‘bz jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn–@)^%’ sf] k|ltj]bg;Fu}
/fv]/ x]gk{' b{5 . oL b'j} k|ltj]bgx¿ Pscsf{sf kl/k"/s x'g\ / g]kfnsf] hnljB't\ ljsf;qmddf logsf]
;b'kof]u x'g ;s]df of] If]qdf xfn b]lvPsf] cGof]n, clglZrttf / cljZjf; x6\g uO{ blIf0f k"jL{ Pl;ofnL
d'ns' nfcf];, blIf0fL clk|msL d'ns ' n];f]yf] / blIf0f cd]l/sL d'ns
' a|flhnh:t} g]kfn klg blIf0f Pl;ofsf]
…hnljB't\ s]Gb|Ú aGg ;S5 .
-3_
cfef/f]lQm
cfufdL @) jif{sf] hnljB't\ of]hgf th'd{ f ug]{ h:tf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lbO{ /fi6« / /fi6«jf;Lsf] eljio pHHjn
kfg]{ cj;/ lbg] g]kfn ;/sf/k|lt sfo{bn cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . sfo{bnnfO{ cfˆgf] sfd cl3 a9fpg]
l;nl;nfdf pmhf{ dGqfnoaf6 7"nf] ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 . To;sf nflu dfggLo pmhf{dGqL 8f= k|sfzz/0f
dxt, dfggLo pmhf{ /fHodGqL rGb|l;+x e§/fO{ / ;lrj z+s/k|;fb sf]O/fnfk|lt sfo{bn s[t1 5 . cfjZos
k/]sf avt d]xgtL sd{rf/Lx¿ pknAw u/fpg] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f / hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnonfO{
sfo{bn wGojfb lbg rfxG5 .
sfo{bnn] cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg]{ l;nl;nfdf hn;|ft] tyf pmhf{sf] If]qdf sfo{/t ljz]if1x¿af6 k|fKt
cd"No ;'emfjsf nflu sfo{bn pxfFx¿k|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f ldlt @)^% dª\l;/ !* df
ul7t bz jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bnsf ;+of]hs O{= ;f]dgfy kf}8n ] , ;b:o ;lrj O{=
nLnfgfy e§/fO{sf] cg'ejaf6 sfo{bnn] w]/} s'/f l;Sg] df}sf kfPsf] 5 h;sf nflu pxfFx¿ wGojfbsf kfq
x'gx' G' 5 . To;}u/L sfo{bnnfO{ cfˆgf] cd"No ;'emfj lbO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'xg' ] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf
dxfk|aGws O{= bLks pkfWofonfO{ wGojfb glbO{ /xg ;lsGg .
sfo{bnsf] a}7s ;~rfng / k|ltj]bg n]vg sfo{df hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf l;lgo/ l8lehgn OlGhlgo/åo
;~ho 9'Ën ] / ;fu//fh uf}td, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf ;xfos k|aGwsåo dlgnlglw ltjf/L / kml0fGb|
1jfnLn] cxf]/fq v6]/ k'¥ofpg' ePsf] of]ubfgsf] sfo{bn ljz]if sb/ ub{5 . k|ltj]bgsf] sDKo'6/ ;]l6ª sfo{df
;xof]u ug'x{ g' ] hgs/fh kf}8o\ fnnfO{ sfo{bn wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 .
sfo{bnsf] sfdnfO{ ;xh agfpg] qmddf cf–cfˆgf] :yfgaf6 of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf]
;lrjfnosf pk–;lrj -n]vf_ >L lx/f lu/L, n]vfkfn >L lji0f'axfb'/ s];L, gf=;=' s[i0fdfg 8ª\uf]n,
rfnsåo Zofds'df/ s];L= / xL/f e'hn
] / sfof{no ;xfos sjL/ dxh{g wGojfbsf kfq x'gx' G' 5 .
aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn

@)^^ r}t #! ut]
-ª_
aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd { f sfo{bn–@)^^ sf]
k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/f+z
!= k[i7e"ld
cfly{s jif{ @)^^.)^& sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmddf g]kfnsf] bL3{sfnLg ljB't\ dfusf] lgaf{w cfk"lt{ ug{ tyf
eljiodf lgof{t;d]t ug{ ;Sg] u/L hnljB'tn \ ufotsf] pmhf{ ljsf;nfO{ b]zljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf
cl3 a9fOg] s'/f pNn]v 5 . ;fy} /fli6«o ;+sNksf s]xL 7"nf ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] b|t" sfof{GjognfO{ pRr
k|fyldstf lbOg] s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 .
;f]xL jif{ g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f k|:t't ah]6 jQmJodf cfufdL b'O{ bzsleq slDtdf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf]
hnljB't\ ljsf; ug]{ nIosf ;fy sfo{qmd th'd{ f ul/g] / cfjZos gLltut tyf ;+:yfut k"jf{wf/ tof/ ul/g]
s'/f pNn]v 5 . o;} p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu Pp6f 7f]; sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug{ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf]
;lrjfnosf ;lrj O{= lszf]/ yfkfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf ;/sf/L / lghL If]qsf lj1x¿ ;lDdlnt !@ ;b:oLo
sfo{bn u7g ul/Psf] lyof] . sfo{bnnfO{ ;Defljt hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr tof/ ug],{ k|fyldsLs/0f
ug]{ / a[xt\ /fli6«o lxt / /0fgLlts b[li6sf]0faf6 dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPsf / ;/sf/ cfkm}+ ;+nUg eO{ k|j4{g / ljsf;
ul/g'kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿, ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fe]mbf/Lsf] cjwf/0ffcg'¿k k|j4{g / ljsf; ul/g'kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿sf]
;"lr, cg'dflgt nfut / sfof{Gjog tflnsf tof/ ug]n { ufotsf ^ a'Fb' ] sfof{bz
] lbOPsf] lyof] .
sfo{bnn] /fli6«o hn;|ft] gLlt – @)%(, /fli6«o hnof]hgf – @)^@ bzjifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f
sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bg – @)^% nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfgL of] k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf ;fy} g]kfn ljB't\
k|flws/0f, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu / :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbsx¿sf] ;ª\3af6 pknAw tYofª\s / hfgsf/Lx¿sf]
ljZn]if0f u/]sf] 5 . sfo{bnsf lj1 ;b:o / cGo cfdlGqt ljz]if1x¿sf] cg'ej / ;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;d]t ;dfj]z
u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
@= pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yfM

g]kfndf xfn k|ltJolQm k|ltjif{ pmhf{sf] vkt !^ luufh'n ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . ;g\ @))% df hn tyf
pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] u/]sf] cWoogcg';f/ g]kfndf k/Dk/fut pmhf{ -sf7, bfp/f, s[lifhGo cjz]if_
af6 ** k|ltzt, k]6«fl] nod kbfy{af6 * k|ltzt, sf]Onfaf6 !=* k|ltzt, ljB't\af6 !=* k|ltzt / gjLs/0fLo
pmhf{af6 )=% k|ltzt dfu cfk"lt{ ePsf] b]lvG5 . pmhf{ cfk"lt{sf nflu jg hËndf cTolws lge{/tfn] ubf{ ;g\
!(&* b]lv ;g\ !(($ sf] cjlwleq jgIf]q @$ k|ltzt 36]sf] b]lvG5 . g]kfndf xfn k|ltJolQm ljB't\ vkt ^&
o'lg6 5 h'g Pl;ofnL cf};teGbf lgs} sd 5 .
-r_
If]qut ¿kdf t'ngf ubf{ g]kfndf cfk"lt{ eO/x]sf] s"n pmhf{dWo] () k|ltzt u|fx{:y k|of]hgsf nflu / !)
k|ltztdfq pBf]u Joj;fodf vkt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . u|fx{:y vktsf] () k|ltzt vfgf ksfpgdf k|of]u ePsf]
/ afFsL !) k|ltztdfq pTkfbgzLn sfo{df vkt ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 . vfgf ksfpgdf k|of]u eO/x]sf] h}ljs
/ vlgh OGwgnfO{ ljB't\ pmhf{n] k|lt:yfkg ug{ ;lsPdf jghËnsf] ljgfz /f]lsg] / vlgh OGwg cfoftdf
vr{ x'g] ljb]zL d'b|f art x'g ;S5 . ljB't\ pmhf{ Ps gjLs/0fLo :jR5 pmhf{ ePsfn] o;sf] k|of]uaf6
hg:jf:Yo / jftfj/0f ;+/If0fdf ;3fp k'U5 .
hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] k|If]k0fcg';f/ ;g\ @)!% df g]kfnsf] s"n pmhf{ vkt % nfv 6]/fh'n x'g5 ] h'g
@)#) ;Dddf a9\b} uO{ ( nfv @) xhf/ 6]/fh'n k'Ug]5 . ;g\ @)#) ;Dd k|ltJolQm pmhf{ vkt @# luufh'n
k'Ug]5 eg] ljB't\ vkt k|ltJolQm !)&) o'lg6 k'Ug]5 . cfof]usf] k|If]k0fcg';f/ cfufdL @) jif{df dWod cfly{s
j[l4b/ -%=%^ k|ltzt_ sfod /x]df b]zleq ljB'ts \ f] dfu !!$*) d]ufjf6 x'g5
] / To;eGbf a9L pTkfbg ePsf]
ljB't\ l5d]sL b]zdf lgof{t ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf klg b]zdf s"n pmhf{sf] dfudWo] !& k|ltztdfq
ljB't\n] k"lt{ ug{] b]lvPsf] 5 .
xfn b]zdf sl/a ^() d]ufjf6 ljB't\sf] hl8t Ifdtf /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] /fli6«o lu|8af6 ^*^ d]ufjf6 /
lu|8aflx/af6 $=% d]ufjf6 /x]sf] 5 . hl8t ljB't\dWo] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0faf6 %#@ d]ufjf6 / lghL If]qaf6
!%* d]ufjf6 sfod /x]sf] 5 .
#= cfof]hgf 5gf]6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf M
lj=;=+ !(^* df g]kfnsf] klxnf] hnljB't\ s]Gb| kmlk{ªn] %)) lsnf]jf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{ ;'? u/]kl5 g]kfndf
hnljB't\ ljsf;sf] yfngL ePsf] xf] . To;kl5sf] *) jif{ cjlwdf hDdf @@* d]ufjf6dfq ljB't\ pTkfbg ePsf]
lyof] . lj=;=+ @)$^ df k|hftGqsf] k'ga{xfnLkl5 @)$( df ljB't\ P]g nfu" eO{ ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qnfO{ ljB't\
pTkfbgdf ;xefuL u/fOof] . b]zdf bzjif{sf] ;z:q åGåsf qmddf hnljB'ts \ f If]qdf pNn]Vo k|ult geP tfklg
sfnL–u08sL–P, dWo d:of{ªb\ Lh:tf cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ePsf lyP .
g]kfndf hnljB't\sf] ljsf; ug{ rfxg] ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;+:yfn] ljB't\ P]g @)$( tyf ljB't\ lgodfjnL
@)%) cg';f/ ;j]I{ f0f / pTkfbgsf nflu cnucnu cg'dltkq lng'kg]{ k|fjwfg 5 . cfof]hgfsf cjwf/0ff
tof/Lb]lv lgld{t hnljB't\ s]Gb| tf]lsPsf] ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ x:tfGt/0f ubf{;Dd hDdf !$ r/0fx¿
kf/ ug'k{ b{5 .
sfo{bnnfO{ lbOPsf] sfof{bz ] cg';f/ cfufdL @) jif{leq ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfnfO{ %, !), !% / @) jif{ u/L
rf/ ;d"xdf ljefhg u/L cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . cfof]hgf 5gf]6 ubf{ lgDgadf]lhdsf cfwf/
to ul/Psf 5g\ .
s_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
v_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qaf6 ;fem]bf/Ldf k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
u_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
3_ lgof{tsf nflu lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
ª_ lgof{tsf nflu j}bl] zs lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
r_ 7"nf ax'p2]zLo Pj+ låkIfLo nfe / lxtsf cfwf/df ;+oQ' m ¿kdf k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ hl8t Ifdtfsf cfwf/df lgDgfg';f/ juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s_ n3' hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ! d]ufjf6;Dd
v_ ;fgf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ! eGbf a9L @% d]ufjf6;Dd
u_ d‰of}nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf @% eGbf a9L !)) d]ufjf6;Dd
3_ 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf !)) eGbf a9L !))) d]ufjf6;Dd
ª_ a[xt\ hnljB't\ cfof]hgf !))) d]ufjf6eGbf a9L
-5_
cfufdL % jif{ cyf{t\ ;g\ @)!$ ;Dddf ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qjf6 cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf nflu !!( d]ufjf6
Ifdtfsf !$ a6f cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] cj:yfdf 5g\ . To;} u/L ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuaf6 k|lt:kwf{
u/fO{ lghL If]qjf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿jf6 !@& d]ufjf6, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fåf/f lgdf{0f ul/g]
rd]lnof, s'nv] fgL–#, dflyNnf] lqz'nL–#P / dflyNnf] ;]tL -hnfzoo'Qm_ cfof]hgfx¿jf6 @#@ d]ufjf6
pTkfbg x'g] cj:yf 5 . o;}u/L g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLåf/f lgdf{0f x'g] dflyNnf]
;fGh]g, ;fGh]g / dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL, dWo ef]6s
] f]zL, tfdfsf]zL–%, dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL–P cfof]hgfaf6 o;}
cjlwdf hDdf &$# d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g] k|jn ;Defjgf 5 .
o;} cjlwdf xfn lgdf0ff{wLg &% d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ !@ cfof]hgfx¿sf cltl/Qm ;fgf / demf}nf u/L
*% u}/ hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿jf6 sl/a &!) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ cfGtl/s vkt / lnv'–$ -!@) d]ufjf6_ tyf
an]k+ mL -%) d]ufjf6_ lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu pknAw x'g5
] .
o;/L cfufdL % jif{leq b]zdf cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf nflu !**& d]ufjf6 / lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu
!&) d]ufjf6 u/L hDdf @)%& d]ufjf6 hnljB't\ pTkfbg x'g]5 .
To;kl5sf] csf]{ % jif{ cyf{t ;g\ @)!$–!( sf] cjlwdf ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuaf6 k|lt:kwf{ u/fO lgdf{0f ul/g] tNnf]
;f]n' -$) d]ufjf6_, lvDtL–@ -@&=@ d]ufjf6_ jf6 hDdf ^&=@ d]ufjf6, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fåf/f lgdf{0f ul/g]
dflyNnf] lqz'nL–#jL -#& d]ufjf6_, dflyNnf] c¿0f -##% d]ufjf6_, gn:ofu'uf8 -$)) d]ufjf6_ / /fx'3f6
-@& d]ufjf6_ u/L hDdf &(( d]ufjf6 tyf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLx¿n] lgdf{0f ug]{ ef]6s
] f]zL–
lqz'nL -!)) d]ufjf6_ / a'9L u08sL -^)) d]ufjf6_ u/L &)) d]ufjf6 pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .
o; cjlwdf lghL If]qjf6 k|j4{g ePsf @#^ j6f cfof]hgfx¿åf/f s'n &#)!=^# d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{
;lsg]5 . h;dWo] &%) d]ufjf6sf] hnfzoo'Qm klZrd ;]tL cfof]hgf, **) d]ufjf6sf] c¿0f–# / ())
d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf] s0ff{nL cfof]hgfnfO{ lgof{td'ns cfof]hgfsf ¿kdf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . o; cjlwdf
lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu hDdf ^ j6f cfof]hgf -tflnsf #=&_ af6 $##) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g5
] .
;/sf/n] k|j4{g ug]{ u/L ljB't\ pmhf{sf] If]qLo ef/ ;Gt'ng / If]qLo ljsf;sf nflu k|To]s ljsf;If]qdf
slDtdf Pp6f hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf– h;df k"j{df tdf]/ -#*) d]ufjf6_, dWo If]qdf a'9L u08sL -^))
d]ufjf6_, klZrd If]qdf sfnL u08sL -^^) d]ufjf6_ / dWo klZrddf gn:ofu'uf8 -$)) d]ufjf6_ k|:tfj
ul/Psf] 5 .
o;/L ;g\ @)!$–@)!( sf] cjlwdf pTkfbg x'g] !@,$@# d]ufjf6 ljB't\dWo] sl/a *,)(# d]ufjf6
cfGtl/s / $,##) d]ufjf6 lgof{tsf nflu pknAw x'g]5 .
To;kl5sf] csf]{ % jif{ cyf{t\ ;g\ @)@)–@$ sf] cjlwdf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fåf/f lgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf
hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿ h:t} b"wsf]zL -#)) d]ufjf6_, zf/bf–aaO{ -(# d]ufjf6_ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf
;fy cl3 a9fpg'kb{5 . o;} cjlwdf g]kfn / ef/tsf] ;+oQ' m k|of;df k~r]Zj/ -@($) d]ufjf6_, gf}d/' ]
-@$% d]ufjf6_ h:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ k|:tfj ul/Psf]5 . o;sf nflu clxn] b]lvg} lj:t[t
cWoog, OlGhlgol/ª l8hfOg, ljQLo Joj:yfsf sfo{x¿ ;'? x'g h?/L 5 . o; cjlwdf kGw| j6f
cfof]hgfaf6 hDdf %!!$ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ nIo /flvPsf]5 .
To;kl5sf] csf]{ % jif{ cyf{t ;g\ @)@%–@( sf] cjlwdf ljleGg u'?of]hgf tyf cWoogsf cfwf/df klxrfg
ePsf ax'p4]ZoLo k|s[ltsf $ j6f cfof]hgfx¿ ;'? x'g] nIo /flvPsf] 5 h;df ;'gsf]zL–@
-!&)) d]ufjf6_, s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL -!)**$ d]ufjf6_, ;Ktsf]zL -#$%) d]ufjf6_ / b'O{j6f e]/L
-@))) d]ufjf6_ k|:tfj ul/Psf]5 . oLdWo] ;'gsf]zL–@ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fdfkm{t / afFsL g]kfn–ef/t
låkIfLo ;xof]ucGtu{t lgdf{0f ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . oL cfof]hgfx¿af6 hDdf !*)#$ d]ufjf6 pTkfbg ug{
;lsg]5 . To;sf nflu xfn lgl:qmo cj:yfdf /x]sf s0ff{nL, lr;fkfgL / ;'gsf]zL hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿sf]
k"jt{ of/Lsf sfo{ clxn]bl] v g} ;'? ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 .
-h_
o;/L hDdf @) jif{sf] cjlw -;g\ @)!)–@)@(_ df b]zdf k~r]Zj/, s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL / ;Ktsf]zL
ax'p4]ZoLo cfof]hgf ;d]t u/L hDdf #&,^@* d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g ;S5 / oL tLg 7"nf
cfof]hgfnfO{ ;dfj]z gug]{ xf] eg] cfufdL @) jif{df s'n @),#%$ d]ufjf6 dfq hnljB't\ pTkfbg
x'g;Sg] cj:yf 5 . g]kfndf cfufdL @) jif{sf] hnljB't\ pTkfbgsf] nIo lrq ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
lrq–! cfufdL @) jif{sf] hnljB't\ pTkfbgsf] nIo
sfo{bnn] ;g\ @)!( ;Ddsf] cjlwdf
hnljB't\ If]qdf cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo
nufgLsf] ¿k/] v f tof/ u/] s f] 5 .
h;cg' ; f/ ;g\ @)!( ;Dddf hDdf
#,#^!=!) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ cyf{t\
@,%@)=*# cj{ ¿k} o fF cfjZos kg] {
b]lvPsf]5 . To;dWo] klxnf] % jif{sf nflu
%)$=!( s/f ] 8 cd] l /sL 8n/
-? #&*=!$ cj{_ / bf];|f] % jif{sf nflu
@*^%=(! s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ -?= @!$(=$#
ca{_ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfn
;/sf/ jf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f dfkm{t k|j4{g ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu ;g\ @)!) b]lv @)!$ ;Ddsf
nflu ^#=(^ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ -? $&=(& cj{_, ;g\ @)!% b]lv @)!( ;Ddsf nflu sl/a &)&=%# s/f]8
cd]l/sL 8n/ -? %#)=^% cj{_ cfjZos kg]{ b]lvG5 . To;}u/L g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] nufgL u/]sf
sDkgLx¿åf/f k|j4{g ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu ;g\ @)!) b]lv @)!$ ;Ddsf] cjlwdf !$^=)# s/f]8
cd]l/sL 8n/ -? !)(=%@ cj{_, ;g\ @)!% b]lv @)!( ;Ddsf nflu sl/a !((=%) s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/
-? !$(=^# cj{_ cfjZos kg]{5 .
/fli6«o ;+sNksf ¿kdf cfPsf] aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfof]hgf 5gf}6 / ljQLo
Joj:yf dfq k|ofKt 5}g . cfof]hgf lgdf{0fdf cfjZos kg]{ pRr, dWod / lgDg bIftf ePsf hgzlQmsf]
pTkfbg b]zleq} ug{ ljZjljBfno / k|fljlws lzIffnox¿n] z}lIfs sfo{qmddf Jofks ¿kdf lj:tf/ ug{k' g]5 { .
To;}u/L lgdf{0f ;fdu|L -l;d]G6, lu§L, afn'jf, kmnfd] 58_ sf] pknAwtf, pks/0fx¿sf] pTkfbg, dd{t–;Def/
ug]{ pBf]ux¿sf] :yfkgf, 7"nf pks/0f cf];f/k;f/ ug{ df}hb' f ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt / cfof]hgf k|efljt
kl/jf/sf] k'gjf{; / /fxtsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ a:tL ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug'{ klg plQs} r'gf}ltk"0f{ 5 .
o;sf nflu /fHosf ;Dk"0f{ c+ux¿ kl/rfng ug{' ckl/xfo{ 5 eg] cg'sn " /fhgLlts jftfj/0f tof/ x'g' klg
plQs} cfjZos 5 .
cfufdL % jif{sf] cjlwdf xfn lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfx¿ ;DkGg ug{ / gofF cfof]hgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ;'? ug{ b]zdf
zflGt ;'/Iffsf] l:yltdf ;'wf/ x'g' clt cfjZos 5 . a]nfavt eO/xg] aGb, x8tfn, rSsfhfd nufotsf
ultljlwnfO{ ;s];Dd lgif]w ug]{ / To;f] ug{ g;lsPdf To;nfO{ Jojl:yt u/L lgdf{0f ;fdu|L / hgzlQmsf]
cf];f/k;f/ ug{ / lgdf{0f sfo{ lg/Gt/ rfn" /fVg] sfo{df ;/sf/ / lhDd]jf/ /fhgLlts bnn] ljz]if Wofg
k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . pTkfbg ePsf] ljB'ts \ f] lgsf;sf nflu df}hb' f k|;f/0f nfOgsf] :t/f]Gglt, ;'wf/ jf lj:tf/ ug]{
/ gofF nfOgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{ o'4:t/df cufl8 a9fpg'kb{5 .
o;} cjlwdf bf];|f] / t];|f] % jif{sf] cjlwdf lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ k|:tfj ul/Psf cfof]hgfsf lj:t[t cWoog,
jftfj/0f k|efj d"Nofª\sg, kx'Fr dfu{ lgdf{0f / k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f÷;'wf/sf sfo{ ;'? ug{k' b{5 eg] k~r]Zj/,
gn:ofu'uf8, a'9L u08sL, dflyNnf] c¿0f / b"wsf]zLh:tf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf tkm{af6
ljb]zL bft[ ;+:yfx¿;Fu 5nkmn cl3 a9fpg'kb{5 . ljz]if u/L hnfzoo'Qm Pj+ ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx¿sf]
ljsf;sf nflu hUuf clwu|x0f Pj+ k'gjf{;sf sfo{x¿df w]/} ;do nfUg] ePsfn] /fli6«o k'gjf{; gLlt th'd{ f
-em_
u/L ;f]xL d'tfljs cfof]hgfx¿sf] tof/L ug'k{ b{5 . k|:tfljt cfof]hgfx¿af6 pTkfbg x'g] ljB't\dWo] 3/]n' dfu
k"/f u/L a9L ePsf] ljB't\ l5d]sL b]zdf lgof{t ug{ tL b]zx¿;Fu /fhgLlts / k|fljlws :t/df jftf{ rfn" ug]{
/ cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f jf df}hb' f nfOgsf] Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{ clxn]bl] v g} ;'? ug'k{ b{5 .
hnljB't\ ljsf;sf If]qdf b]vfk/]sf k|fljlws, sfg"gL, gLltut / ;+:yfut ;jfn / ltgsf] ;dfwfgsf
pkfox¿ kl/R5]b–^ df ;lj:tf/ j0f{g ul/Psf] 5 .
$= k|;f/0f nfOg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg
cfufdL aL; jif{df @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\sf] ljsf; ug]{ / k|To]s g]kfnLsf] 3/df ljB't\ cfk"lt{ ug]{
/fli6«o k|lta4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu k|;f/0f nfOg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkgcGtu{t k|f/lDes ef/
k|If]k0f, k|;f/0f nfOgsf] sfo{of]hgf, k|;f/0f nfOg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿
tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
k|;f/0f tyf ljB'tLs/0f sfo{cGtu{t /flvPsf] nIocg';f/ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{sf nflu ljB't\ pTkfbg, ljB't\
k|;f/0f;Fu ;DalGwt tYofª\sx¿ tflnsfa4 ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
s= k|f/lDes ef/ k|If]k0fM
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] xfn cg'dfg u/]adf]lhd ljB't\ pTkfbg ylkFb} hfg] cj:yfdf cfufdL kRrL; jif{ cyf{t\
;g\ @)#) ;Ddsf] k|If]lkt ljB't\sf] dfu sl/a $^)& d]ufjf6 x'g] / hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]un] tof/ kf/]sf]
pmhf{;|ft] /0fgLltn] cf};t ufx{:y pTkfbg %=^ k|ltztsf b/n] a9\b} hfg] cfFsng u/L 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf
OGwgx¿nfO{ klg s]xL xb;Dd ljB't\ pmhf{n] k|lt:yfkg ug]{ cg'dfg ubf{ ;g\ @)#) df k|If]lkt ljB't\sf] dfu
sl/a !!,$*) d]ufjf6 x'g] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
v= k|;f/0f nfOgsf] k|f/lDes of]hgf
clxn] ljB't\ pTkfbg s]Gb|x¿af6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ ef/ s]Gb|x¿;Dd k'¥ofO{ tNnf] ef]N6]hdf ¿kfGt/ u/]/
ljt/0f nfOgåf/f u|fxsnfO{ ljB't\ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8sf] ¿kdf #%% ;ls{6 ls=ld= ^^
s]=eL= / !,%^# ;ls{6 ls=ld= !#@ s]=eL= ef]N6]hsf k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8 k"jd{ f
cgf/dl0fb]lv klZrddf dx]Gb|gu/;Dd !#@ s]=eL= Ifdtfsf] 5 . ef]N6]h ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu ## j6f k|;f/0f
;a:6];gx¿sf]] s'n Ifdtf !,#!) Pd=le=P= sf] 5 .
cfufdL @) jif{df @% xhf/ d]ufjf6sf nflu ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] k|f/lDes of]hgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L
of]hgf tof/ ubf{ cfly{s jif{ @)!$÷@)!% ;Dd dfu k|If]k0f / efjL ljB't\ u[xx¿nfO{ sDKo'6/ df]8lnª u/L
k|0ffnLsf] ef/ axg Ifdtf cWoog u/L s'g–s'g :yfgdf s]–slt k|;f/0f nfOgsf] cfjZos 5 / s'g s'g
ljBdfg k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ / ;a:6];g ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ cfjZos 5 egL lgisif{ lgsflnPsf] 5 . of] sfo{ ug{
g]=lj=kf| =n] k|If]k0f u/]sf] ljB't\ dfu / xfn ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf cfof]hgf, ef/ axg Ifdtf cWoog ;DkGg
ePsf cfof]hgf, g]=lj=kf| =n] cfkm"n] jf sDkgL agfO{ cfly{s jif{ @)!$÷!% ;Dd lgdf{0f ;DkGg ug]{ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{
;dfa]; ul/Psf 5g\ .
/fli6«o nIo cg';f/ cfufdL @) jif{df pTkfbg ug{] of]hgfdf /x]sf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ g]kfndf dfq
cfGtl/s vkt ug]{ ;Dej x'Fbg} . o;/L pTkfbg ul/Psf] ljB't\ l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf klg lgof{t ug{ ;Sg]
Ifdtfsf] k|;f/0f nfOgsf] vfsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
cfufdL aL; jif{df kRrL; xhf/ d]ufjf6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ k|;f/0f ug{sf nflu $)) s]=eL=sf] k|;f/0fnfOg
pko'Qm b]lvPsf]n] ;f] cg';f/ k|;f/0f nfOg k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
-`_
g]kfnsf] k"j{ cgf/dl0fb]lv klZrd dx]Gb|gu/;Dd sl/a *$% ls=ld= sf] $)) s]=eL= Ifdtfsf] 8jn ;ls{6 k|;f/0f
nfOg, ljBdfg !#@ s]=eL= k"j{ klZrd nfOgsf] ;dfgfGt/ ljsf; ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 .
clwsf+z hnljB't\ u[x dWo kxf8L / kxf8L If]qdf kg]{ ePsfn] ljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6 pTkflbt ljB't\ pQm d"n
k|;f/0f nfOgdf hf]8\gsf nflu dWo kxf8L If]qsf] glhs ^ 7fpFdf $)) s]=eL= h8fg ;a:6];g /xg] Joj:yf
ul/Psf] 5 . of] $)) s]=eL= h8fg :6];gdf glhssf hnljB't\ s]Gb|af6 pTkfbg ul/Psf ljB't\nfO{ lgsf;sf
nflu hnljB't\ s]Gbsf] Ifdtf cg';f/ $)) s]=eL=, @)) s]=le, !#@ s]=eL=sf] k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f u/L s]Gb|Lo
k|;f/0f nfOgdf cfa4 ul/g] of]hgf ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} cfGtl/s ljB't\ dfusf] k"lt{sf nflu / ljB'ts\ f] u'0f:t/
tyf ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf] ljZjgLotf a9fpg cfjZostfcg';f/ @)) s]=eL=sf] k|;f/0f nfOg dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{sf]
;dfgfGt/ ljsf; ug]{ of]hgf ul/Psf] 5 .
7"nf] Ifdtfsf] ljB't\ u[xsf nflu cfkm\g} ;dlk{t k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 ljB't\ lgsf; x'g] / ;f]sf] of]hgf th'd{ f
;DalGwt hnljB't\ cfof]hgf :jo+n] g} ug]{ gLlt lnOPsf] 5 .
o;sf] ;fy} xfn lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf /x]sf] @@) s]=eL= tyf rfn" /x]sf] !#@ s]=eL= nfOg -;'b[9Ls/0f_
;d]tnfO{ g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s Pj+ jfx\o -lgof{t_ k|of]hgsf nflu sfod g} /flvPsf] 5 .
%= j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g
/fli6«o lu|8sf] kx'FreGbf aflx/ /x]sf 3/w"/LnfO{ ljB't\ nufot cGo pmhf{sf] ;|ft] sf] klxrfg / ljsf; ug{
cfjZos 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ‘pHofnf] g]kfn’ sfo{qmd ;kmn kfg{ j}slNks pmhf{sf] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg x'g]
tYonfO{ x[boª\ud ub}{ ;DefJotfsf cfwf/df ;f}o{ tfkLo tyf ljB't\, e"tfkLo, jfof]Uof;, h}ljs/fzL, h}ljs
OGwg, jfo' pmhf{nufot n3'hnljB't\sf] ljsf;sf nflu cNksfnLg, dWosfnLg / bL3{sfnLg of]hgf th"d{ f
ug{ cfjZos 5 . bft[ /fi6« / ;+:yfsf] ljQLo ;xof]udf ;~rfng eO/x]sf j}slNks pmhf{ sfo{qmdnfO{ g]kfn
;/sf/sf lgsfox¿n] tyf g]kfnL lghL ;+:yfx¿n] cfkm}n + ] ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf clea[l4 ug'{ h?/L 5 .
t'ngfTds ¿kdf j}slNks pmhf{ hnljB't\eGbf dxFuf]] kg]{ ePsfn] o;nfO{ lskmfotL agfpg Psftkm{ yk
cg';Gwfg / ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 eg] csf]{ tkm{ ;/sf/åf/f lbOg] cg'bfgnfO{ cem km/flsnf] Pj+ nlrnf]
agfpg'kb{5 . o;sf nflu ul/g'kg]{ sfo{x¿ kl/R5]b–% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
^= ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yfM
bL3{sfnLg hnljB't\ of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu df}hb' f ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg
u/L ltgdf ;dofg'sn " ;'wf/ ub}{ hfg' cfjZos 5 . b]zsf] d"n sfg"g cyf{t\ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fsf] cj:yfdf /x]sf]
xfnsf] cj:yfdf oL sfo{x¿ tTsfn ;DkGg ug{ s7Lg 5 . ljz]if u/L ;+ª3Lo ;+/rgfsf] vfsf xfn;Dd tof/
geO;s]sf] x'bF f s]Gb|, k|bz
] / :yfgLo lgsfosf] sfo{If]q, clwsf/, pQ/ bfloTj / ;fwg ;|ft] sf] jfF8kmFf8 ;DjGwL
;jfnx¿sf] 6'Ëf] nfu]sf] 5}g . tyflk bL3{sfnLg of]hgf sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ gLltut tyf sfg"gL
;'wf/sf lgDg cg';f/sf sbdx¿ rfNg' cfjZos 5M
!= ljB't\ If]qsf] ;+/rgfut ;'wf/sf nflu g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fnfO{ k'gu{7g ug],{ ljB't\ lgodg
cfof]usf] u7g ug],{ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]unfO{ k'gu7{g ug],{ hnjfo' tyf df};d lj1fg ljefu /
ljB't\ ljsf; ljefunfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] sfo{ ug]{ .
@= ljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f / ljt/0fdf lghL If]qnfO{ cu|;/ u/fp+b} ljB't\ yf]s vl/b ljqmL ug{ ljt/s,
:yfgLo lgsfo, ;xsf/L ;+:yf jf ;d'bfoaLrsf] ;xsfo{nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg lbg] .
#= hnljB't\ ljsf;sf]] d'Vo cfwf/sf ¿kdf /x]sf] hn;|ft] sf] tYofª\s / ;"rgf ljZj;gLo 9+uaf6
pknAw u/fpg hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]udf /fli6«o hn;|ft] ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf ug]{ .
-6_
$= cGt/b]zLo ljB't\ Jofkf/sf nflu /fli6«o ljB't\ Jofkf/ sDkgL / u|fdL0f ljB'tL\ s/0f sDkgLsf] :yfkgf
ug]{ .
%= j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|nfO{ cfTdlge{/ / ;an agfp+b} k|To]s g]kfnLsf] 3/ w"/Ldf ljh'nL k'¥ofpg]
/fli6«o cleofgdf pQm s]Gb|sf] e"ldsf lj:tf/ ug]{ .
^= /fli6«o k'gjf{; gLlt, /fli6«o hn;|ft] gLlt, /fli6«o pmhf{ gLlt / ltgsf] sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfjZos
sfg"gL ;+/rgf tof/ ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo hgtfx¿sf] dfunfO{ ;Djf]wg ug{ cfof]hgf k|j4{s / :yfgLo hgtf jLr kf/:kl/s ljZjf;
/ ;dembf/Lsf] jftfj/0f tof/ ug]{ .
*= 7"nf kl/of]hgfx¿df tNnf] t6Lo kmfObf kl/df0fLs/0f / nfe afF8kmfF6;DaGwL sfo{gLlt agfpg] .
(= nfdf] ;dob]lv cg'dlt–kq lnO{ sfof{Gjog gePsf cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;dLIff u/L ltgnfO{ cfjZos
k|zf;lgs / sfg"gL sf/afxL ug]{ / lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ug]{ .
!)= hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿sf] cfly{s, k|fljlws n]vfhf]vf -Pk|h ] n_ ug]{ sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L hn tyf
pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnonfO{ lbg] .
!!= ljB't\ ljsf; ljefun] cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;DefJotf cWoog u/L b]z el/sf cfsif{s ;Defljt hnljB't\
cfof]hgfx¿sf] k]mxl/:tnfO{ cBfjlws /fVg] .
!@= hnljB't\ cfof]hgf / hn pkof]u ug]{ cGo cfof]hgf -h:t} l;FrfO, vfg]kfgL, hn ko{6g,
dT:okfng_ aLr pTkGg x'g] åGå lg¿k0f ug{ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] gbL a]l;g u'?
of]hgf th'd{ f u/L gbL a]l;g sfof{nodfk{mt sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
&= hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efjM
ljZjJofkL ¿kdf eO/x]sf] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] c;/ g]kfndf klg b]lvPsf] s'/fnfO{ ljleGg j}1flgs cWoogn]
k'li6 u/]sf] 5 . jiff{ofd 5f]6f] x'g,' tfkqmd j[l4 x'g,' lxdgbLx¿ kUn]/ lxdtfnx¿ k}bf x'g,' ck|Tofl;t ¿kdf
cltj[li6 x'g' cflb hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf nIf0fx¿ x'g\ . hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] g]kfnsf] hn;|ft] df kf/]sf] k|efjaf/]
ljleGg ;ª\3–;+:yfn] cWoog cg';Gwfg ul//x]sf] ePtf klg xfn o;af/] lj:t[t hfgsf/L k|fKt gePsf]
cj:yf 5 . tyflk hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] u/]sf] Ps cWoogn] hnljB't\ ljsf; ubf{ hnjfo'
kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿nfO{ a'‰g'kg]{ tYo cf}N+ ofPsf] 5 .
clwsf+z cfof]hgfx¿ ‘/g ckm l/e/’ k|sl[ tsf ePsfn] eljiodf hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 oL cfof]hgf k|ToIf ¿kdf
k|efljt x'g5
] g\ . ck|Toflzt ¿kdf cfpg] jf9L / klx/f]n] gbLx¿df afn'jf, df6f]sf] dfqf a9\g uO{ hnfzosf]
Ifdtf 36\g] / 6jf{Og Iflt x'g] ;d:of cfpg]5 . o;sf ;fy} gbLdf cfpg] af9Lsf] dfqf cfFsng ug{ klg
s7Lg x'g5 ] .
hnljB't\ If]qdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf c;/x¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{ lgDg pkfox¿ cjnDag ug'{kb{5M
!= hnjfo' tyf df};d s]Gb|x¿sf] ;~hfn lj:tf/ u/L ljZj;gLo cfFs8f ;+sng u/L To; ljZn]if0f
ug]{ .
@= lxdtfn lj:kmf]6gsf] vt/f Go"gLs/0f ug{ k"j{ r]tfjgL ;+oGqx¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#= hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf lgdf{0f ug'k{ g]{ x]8jS;{, ;'?ª, kfj/ xfp; cflbsf] l8hfOg dfkb08 k'g/fjnf]sg
ug]{ .
$= hnfzox¿df y]u|fg -;]l8d]G6_ Joj:yfkg / ljB't\ u[x ;~rfng kåltnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sn "
agfpg] .
-7_
*= k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjog ug]{ dfu{lrqM
sfo{bnn] of] k|ltj]bg k]; ul/;s]kl5 pmhf{ dGqfno, /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u, cy{ dGqfno, hn tyf pmhf{
cfof]usf] ;lrjfno nufot ljleGg ;/sf/L lgsfo / g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbsx¿sf]
;ª\3, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;ª\3sf] /fo k|ltlqmof lnP/ o;nfO{ ‘aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf’sf]
b:tfj]hsf ¿kdf kl/dfh{g ug'{ pko'Qm x'G5 . ;f] sfo{sf nflu pmhf{ dGqfnon] hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf]
;lrjfnonfO{ ;f] lhDd]jf/L lbO{ cfjZos sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg' pko'Qm x'G5 .
k|ltj]bgdf plNnlvt ljifo / ;'emfjx¿nfO{ qmdzM sfof{Gjog ub}{ cl3 a9\g cfufdL tLg jifL{o cGt/Ld of]hgf
/ cf=j= @)^&.)^* sf] cfly{s jif{sf] ah]6 tyf sfo{qmddf ;d]t ;dfj]z ug'{ cfjZos 5 . of] k|ltj]bg
sfof{Gjog ug]{ sfo{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] PSnf] k|of;åf/f dfq ;Dej 5}g . o;sf nflu ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts bnx¿
/ ltgsf eft[;u+ 7gx¿, k];fut ;ª\3–;+u7g, :yfgLo lgsfo, jftfj/0fljb\x¿ / ;fdflhs ;ª\3–;+:yfx¿sf]
;xof]u cfjZos kg]{ ePsfn] To;sf nflu ljleGg :t/df o;af/] k|:t'tLs/0f / 5nkmn x'g' h?/L 5 .
k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfj ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;e]I{ f0f, l8hfOg, lgdf{0f / ;~rfngsf nflu ug'k{ g]{ sfo{sf
cltl/Qm ljB't\ If]qsf] ;+/rgfut ;'wf/, cfjZos hgzlQmsf] pTkfbg / tflnd, cfof]hgfsf nflu cfjZos
kg]{ lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt x'gk' b{5 . b]zsf] ;du| zflGt ;'/Iff / cdg–r}gsf] l:ylt hnljB't\
ljsf;sf nflu klxnf] k"j; { t{ xf] . hnljB't\ cfof]hgf :yn b'ud{ / s7Lg ef}uf]lns If]qdf cjl:yt x'g,] tL
:yndf 7"nf] kl/df0fdf lgdf{0f ;fdu|L k'¥ofpg'kg],{ xhf/f}+ sfdbf/ cxf]/fq vl6g'kg]{ h:tf sf/0fn] aGb,
x8tfn, rSsfhfdh:tf lj/f]w sfo{qmdn] tL cfof]hgfx¿ g/fd|/L k|efljt x'g] ub{5g\ . o:tf] l:ylt cfpg
glbg ;/sf/, /fhgLlts bn, :yfgLo hgtf ;a}n] xft]dfnf] u/L /fli6«o ;+sNk k"/f ug{ cl3 a9\gk' b{5 .
-8_
aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn @)^^ sf] k|ltj]bg
kl/R5]b M !
k[i7e"ld
b]zsf] cfly{s / ;fdflhs ljsf;df pmhf{n] k|ToIf tyf k/f]If¿kdf dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] x'G5 .
g]kfndf pmhf{sf] vktdf k/Dk/fut pmhf{ -bfp/f, h}ljs tyf s[lifhGo cjz]ifx¿_ n] sl/a *&%,
k]6«f]lnod kbfy{n] sl/a *%, gjLs/0fLo -jfof]Uof;, ;f]n/ cflb_ n] )=%% tyf ljB't\n] !=*%
cf]u6]sf] cj:yf 5 .
ljB't\ If]qsf] ljsf;sf] yfngL ;g\ !(!! df kmlk{ª hnljB't\ cfof]hgf -%)) lsnf]jf6_ af6 ;'? eO{
xfn @))( ;Dddf sl/a ^() d]ufjf6 hl8t Ifdtf /x]sf] cj:yf 5 . h;dWo] hnljB't\ ^#% d]ufjf6
/ tfkLo ljB't\ KnfG6af6 %% d]ufjf6 pTkfbg x'g] u/]sf] 5 .
clwsf+z ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ gbL axfjdf cfwfl/t -/g ckm l/e/_ ePsfn] hl8t Ifdtf ^#) d]ufjf6
eP klg ;'Vvf ofddf 36\bf] kfgLsf] axfj;Fu} ljB't\sf] pTkfbg klg sd x'g uO{ dfucg';f/sf] cfk"lt{
x'g ;s]sf] 5}g . h;n] ubf{ b]zdf nf]8;]l8ªsf] ;d:of pTkGg x'g uO{ ufx{:y, pBf]unufot ;Dk"0f{
If]qdf c;/ kl//x]sf] 5 .
b]zdf k|r"/ dfqfdf pknAw /x]sf] hn;|f]tsf] ;d'lrt pkof]u u/L b]z ljsf;sf] d"n cfwf/sf ¿kdf
pmhf{ ;|f]tsf] ljsf; ug{, ljB't\sf] dfu tyf cfk"lt{df /x]sf] ljBdfg cGt/nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ub}{ nuL
pmhf{df d'n'snfO{ cfTdlge{/ agfpg / lgof{tof]Uo j:t'sf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf]
ljsf; ug'{ cTofjZos ePsf] 5 . o; ljifodf jt{dfg ;/sf/n] lgDgfg';f/sf] gLlt tyf nIo
lgwf{/0f u/]sf] 5M
cf=j= @)^^–^&sf] g]kfn ;/sf/sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmd
!= g]kfnsf] bL3{sfnLg ljB't\sf] dfusf] lgjf{w cfk"lt{ ug{ tyf eljiodf lgof{t;d]t ug{;Sg] u/L
hnljB't\ nufotsf] pmhf{ ljsf;nfO{ b]z ljsf;sf] dxTjk"0f{ cfwf/sf ¿kdf cl3 a9fOg]5 .
:jb]zL, ljb]zL, lghL, låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo nufgL kl/rfng ug]{ bL3{sfnLg gLlt lnOg]5 .
;f}o{ pmhf{ / n3' tyf ;fgf hnljB't\ lj:tf/ u/L ‘pHofnf] g]kfn cleofg’ ;~rfng ul/g]5 .
@= pmhf{ ;ª\s6 ;dfwfg;DaGwL gLlt tyf of]hgfx¿ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 .
ljz]ifu/L ;'Vvfofddf ljB't\ ;ª\s6 sd ug{sf nflu ljBdfg ljB't\ u[xx¿sf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug]{ / xfn ;~rfngdf /x]sf tfkLo ljB't\ u[xx¿nfO{ k"0f{ Ifdtfdf ;~rfng ug]{ cNksfnLg
gLlt lnOg]5 . /fli6«o ;ª\sNksf ;fy s]xL 7"nf ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] b|t" sfof{GjognfO{ pRr
k|fyldstf lbOg]5 .
kl/R5]b–!, k[i7e"ld 1
cf=j= @)^^–^& af] ah]6 jQmJo

hn;|ft] /0fgLlt, @))@ n] lnPsf] nIo / hnljB't\ ljsf;sf] jt{dfg d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df cfufdL b'O{
bzsleq slDtdf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] hnljB't\ ljsf; ug]{ nIosf ;fy sfo{qmd th'{df
ul/g]5 . o;sf nflu cfjZos ;+:yfut / gLltut k"jf{wf/ tof/ ul/g]5 .
ctM dfly plNnlvt kl/k|I] odf g]kfnsf] cfly{s ljsf;sf] lgldQ Ps dxTjk"0f{ ;+zfwgsf ¿kdf /x]sf]
hn;|ft] sf] k|r/" pknAwtf / e"–ef}lts agf]6n] hnljB't\sf] pTkfbgsf] ;Defjgf k|z:t /x]sf] / ;/sf/n]
cfufdL b'O{ bzsdf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\sf] ljsf; ug]{ /fli6«o k|lta4tf JoQm u/]sf] ;Gbe{df
o; p2]Zo k|flKtsf nflu ;dofa4 7f]; sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L pmhf{ dGqfnodf k]; ug{ o; sfo{bn
u7g ul/Psf] xf] .
!=! sfo{bnsf] u7g / sfof{bz
]
g]kfn ;/sf/, dlGqkl/ifb\af6 @)^^÷%÷!) df cfufdL b'O{ bzsdf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\sf] ljsf; ug]{
g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o k|lta4tfnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu 7f]; / ;dofa4 sfo{of]hgf Pj+ dfu{lrq th'd{ f
u/L ^) sfo{ lbgleq pmhf{ dGqfnodf k|ltj]bg k]; ug{ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf ;lrj >L
lszf]/ yfkfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf !@ ;b:oLo ‘aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn, @)^^’ u7g
ul/Psf] lyof] .
!=!=! sfo{bnsf] u7g ljlw
jL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn, @)^^ sf] u7g ljlw b]xfoadf]lhd 5M
;+of]hs – >L lszf]/ yfkf, ;lrj, hn tyf pmhf{ cof]usf] ;lrjfno
;b:ox?M
!= >L cg'ks'df/ pkfWofo, ;x;lrj, pmhf{ dGqfno
@= >L >L/~hg nfsf}n, tfTsfnLg dxflgb]z
{ s, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu
#= >L ch'g{ s'df/ sfsL{, ;x;lrj, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno
$= >L ;'lgnaxfb'/ dNn, dxflgb]z
{ s, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu
%= 8f= hLj]Gb| emf, sfo{sf/L lgb]z
{ s, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f
^= >L n]vdfgl;+x e08f/L, hnljB't\ lj1
&= >L 1fg]Gb|nfn k|wfg, k|ltlglw, g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;ª\3
*= 8f= ;GbLk zfx, cWoIf, :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbg ;ª\3
(= k|f=8f= uf]ljGb/fh kf]v/]n, lj1
!)= k|f=8f= uf]ljGb g]kfn, pmhf{–cy{ljb\
!!= >L ef]h/fh /]UdL, dxfk|aGws, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f – ;b:o ;lrj
!=!=@ sfo{bnsf] sfof{b]z

sfo{bnsf] sfof{bz
] b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] lyof]M–
!= cfufdL b'O{ bzsdf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ /fli6«o nIo k|fKt ug{sf nflu Pp6f
7f]; / sfof{Gjog of]Uo aL; jifL{o /fli6«o hnljB't\ ljsf; dfu{lrq / of]hgf tof/ ug],{
@= pQm nIo xfl;n ug{ l;h{gf ug'k{ g]{ cfjZos Go"gtd cfwf/x¿ Pj+ ;/sf/n] cjnDag ug'k{ g]{
tTsfnLg, cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg pkfox¿ tyf ug'k{ g]{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+/rgfut ;'wf/sf
ljifodf 7f]; l;kmfl/; ug],{
#= ;Defljt hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf ;"lr tof/ ug],{ k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df ltgLx¿sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg
x'g;Sg] cg'dflgt jif{ tf]Sg], s'g–s'g If]q -;/sf/L, lghL, ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]b] f/L, ljb]zL_ sf]
nufgLaf6 s:tf–s:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf] k|j4{g ug]{ xf], ;f]sf] vfsf;d]t tof/ ug]{ . ;fy}, a[xt\
/fli6«o lxt / /0fgLlts b[li6sf]0faf6 dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPsf / ;/sf/ cfkm}+ ;+nUg eO{ k|j4{g /
ljsf; ul/g'kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿ tyf ;fj{hlgs—lghL If]q ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k k|j4{g / ljsf;
ul/g'kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr, cg'dflgt nfut / sfof{Gjog tflnsf tof/ ug],{
$= Klxnf] % jif{, !) jif{, !% jif{ / @) jif{df ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;d"x tof/ u/L ;|ft]
Joj:yfkg l;kmfl/; ug],{
%= hnljB't\ afx]s cGo ;a} k|sf/sf j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g, ljsf; / lj:tf/ ug]{ ;Defjgf / o;sf
nflu ug'k{ g]{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut ljifox¿df l;kmfl/; ug],{
^= sfo{bnn] cfjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿ .
!=@ sfo{bnsf] cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw
sfo{bnn] sfdsf] k|s[lt, kl/df0f, ;do ;Ldf cflbnfO{ b[li6ut u/L sfo{x¿nfO{ d'Vo¿kdf rf/ ;d"xdf
ljefhg ul/Psf] lyof] .
!=@=! cfof] h gf 5gf} 6 tyf ljQLo of] h gf pk;ldlt
o; pk;ldltsf sfo{x¿ b]xfoadf]lhd /x]sf lyPM
!= ;Defljt hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr tof/ ug],{
@= k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df cfof]hgfx¿sf lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g ;Sg] cg'dflgt jif{ tf]Sg],
#= klxnf] % jif{, !) jif{, !% jif{ / @) jif{df ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;d"x 5'6\ofpg] tyf
cg'dflgt nfut, sfof{Gjog tflnsf tof/ ug]{ / ;|ft] Joj:yfkg l;kmfl/; ug],{
$= s'g s'g If]q -;/sf/L, lghL, ;fj{hlgs lghL ;fem]bf/L, ljb]zL_ sf] nufgLaf6 s:tf–s:tf
cfof]hgfx¿sf] k|j4{g ug]{ xf], ;f]sf] vfsf;d]t tof/ ug],{
%= a[xt\ /fli6«o lxt / /0fgLlts b[li6sf]0faf6 dxTjk"0f{ 7flgPsf / ;/sf/ cfkm}+ ;+nUg eO{ k|j4{g
/ ljsf; ul/g'kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿ tyf ;fj{hflgs–lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k k|j4{g /
ljsf; ul/g'kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr, cg'dflgt nfut / sfof{Gjog tflnsf tof/ ug],{
^= pk;ldltn] cfjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿ .
pk;ldltsf ;b:ox¿M
>L 1fg]Gb|nfn k|wfg – ;+of]hs
>L >L/~hg nfsf}n – ;b:o
>L n]vdfgl;+x e08f/L – ;b:o
!=@=@ pmhf{ ahf/ tyf k|;f/0f k|0ffnL pk;ld lt
pk;ldlt
o; pk;ldltsf sfo{x¿ b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf lyPM
!= % jif{, !) jif{, !% jif{ / @) jif{ df cfGtl/s pmhf{sf] dfu klxrfg ug]{ .
@= pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ cfGtl/s ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg k|;f/0f k|0ffnLx¿ / o;sf cg'dflgt nfut tof/
ug]{ .
#= lgof{t ug{ ;lsg] ljB't\ olsg ug]{ / ;f] lgof{tsf nflu l4kIfLo jf If]qLo k|;f/0f k|0ffnL tyf
cg'dflgt nfut l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
$= pk;ldltn] cfjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿ .
pk;ldltsf ;b:ox¿M
>L 8f= ;GbLk zfx – ;+of]hs
>L cg'ks'df/ pkfWofo – ;b:o
>L ;'lgnaxfb'/ dNn – ;b:o
!=@=# ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL pk;ldlt
!= cfufdL b'O{ bzsdf @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 hnljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ /fli6«o nIo xf+l;n ug{ l;h{gf ug'k{ g]{
cfjZos Go"gtd cfwf/x¿ Pj+ ;/sf/n] cjnDjg ug'k{ g]{ tTsfnLg, cNksfnLg / bL3{sfnLg
pkfox¿ tyf ug' { k g] { gLltut, sfg" g L / ;+ / rgfut ;' w f/sf] ljifodf 7f] ;
l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
@= hnljB't\ afx]s cGo ;a} k|sf/sf j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g, ljsf; / lj:tf/sf] ;Defjgf / o;sf
nflu ug'k{ g]{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut ljifox¿ ;DaGwdf l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
#= pk;ldltn] cfjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿ .
pk;ldltsf ;b:ox¿M
k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb g]kfn – ;+of]hs
k|f= 8f= uf]ljGb/fh kf]v/]n – ;b:o
!=@=$ Joj:yfkg pk;ldlt
!= sfo{bnsf nflu cg'dflgt ¿= !),)),))).– -bz nfv_ sf] ah]6 cy{ dGqfnon] pmhf{ dGqfnodfkm{t
pknAw u/fpg kxn ug]{ .
@= sfo{bn tyf pk;ldltx¿sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ :6];g/L nufotsf ;dfgx¿ pknAw u/fpg] .
#= sfo{bnsf] / pk;ldltx¿sf] a}7snfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] .
$= k|zf;lgs sfo{x¿ ug]{ .
%= pk;ldltn] cfjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿ .
pk;ldltsf ;b:ox¿M
>L lszf]/ yfkf – ;+of]hs
>L ef]h/fh /]UdL – ;b:o
!=@=% ;+ o f] h g pk;ldlt
!= pk;ldltaf6 k|fKt ePsf ljifox¿df 5nkmn ug]{ .
@= sfo{bnnfO{ k|fKt x'g] ;'emfjx¿ 5nkmn u/L ;DalGwt pk;ldltx¿df k7fpg] .
#= pk;ldltdf cfOkg]{ ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug]{ .
$= k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ .
%= pk;ldltn] cfjZos / pko'Qm 7fg]sf cGo ljifox¿ .
pk;ldltsf ;b:ox¿M
>L lszf]/ yfkf – ;+of]hs
>L 1fg]Gb|nfn k|wfg – ;b:o
k|f=8f= uf]ljGb g]kfn – ;b:o
8f= ;GbLk zfx – ;b:o
>L ef]h/fh /]UdL – ;b:o
o; sfo{bnn], g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\n] ldlt @)^%÷*÷!* df cfufdL bz jif{df bz xhf/ d]ufjf6
hnljB't\ ljsf; ug]{ / k|To]s g]kfnLsf] 3/w'/Ldf ljB't\ cfk"lt{ ug]{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] /fli6«o k|lta4tfnfO{
sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu u7g u/]sf] bz jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'{df sfo{bn @)^% sf]
k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfg]sf] 5 .
!=# 5nkmn sfo{qmdsf ;'emfjx¿
sfo{bnn] tof/ kf/]sf] d:of}bf k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbg] l;nl;nfdf sf7df8f}+df ldlt @)^^÷!!÷% df
5nkmn sfo{qmd cfof]hgf ul/of] . pQm 5nkmn sfo{qmddf hn;|f]t tyf pmhf{ If]qdf sfo{/t ;/sf/L tyf
u}/;/sf/L lgsfosf k|ltlglwx¿, lghL If]qsf pmhf{ k|j4{sx¿ tyf lj1x¿sf] pkl:ylt lyof] .
5nkmn sfo{qmdaf6 d:of}bf k|ltj]bgdf ljleGg /fo tyf ;'emfjx¿ k|fKt eP . k|fKt /fo tyf
;'emfjx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z u/L d:of}bf k|ltj]bgnfO{ clGtd ¿k lbOof] .
kl/R5]b M @
pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf

@=! pmhf{sf ;|ft] x¿
bfp/f, s[lifhGo cjz]if / hgfj/sf] uf]j/h:tf h}ljs kbfy{df cfwfl/t pmhf{nfO{ k/Dk/fut pmhf{, k]6«fl] nod
kbfy{, sf]Onf / ljB't\nfO{ Jofkfl/s pmhf{ tyf n3' hnljB't\, jfo', ;f}o{, jfof]Uof; cflbnfO{
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf ¿kdf lnOG5 .
@=@ pmhf{sf] vkt
ljZjsf] k|ltjif{ k|ltJolQm pmhf{ vkt cf};tdf ^* luufh'n hlt 5 eg] g]kfnsf] k|ltjif{ k|ltJolQm pmhf{
vkt rf/u'0ff sd cyf{t\ !% luufh'n dfq 5 . ;g\ @))% df g]kfnsf] ljleGg k|of]hgdf cfpg] pmhf{sf]
;|f]tx¿sf] jt{dfg cj:yf tflnsf @=! df
k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . lrq g+= @=! M g]kfndf pmhf{ pkef]u -;g\ @))%_
g]kfndf ;g\ @))% df k/Dk/fut pmhf{af6 gjLs/0fLo hnljB't\ sf]Onf k]6«fl] nod
sl/a ** k|ltzt pmhf{sf] dfu k"/f ePsf] )=%#!% !=*@% !=&^% *=))%
kfOG5 . s[lifhGo / kz'hGo kbfy{af6 (%
hlt / cfofltt k|6] «fl] nod kbfy{af6 *%
hlt pmhf{sf] dfu k"lt{ eO/x]sf] cj:yf ljBdfg
5 . jt{dfg cj:yfdf ljB'tL\ o pmhf{sf] of]ubfg
eg] @% eGbf klg sd /x]sf] 5 . ;fy}
k/Dk/fut
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf; gu0o dfqfdf *&=**%
dfq ePsf] sf/0f sl/a cfwf k|ltztdfq
vkt ePsf] tYo lrq @=! n] b]vfpF5 .
xfd|f] jg–hª\unn]] lbuf] tl/sfn] bfp/f
pknAw u/fpg ;Sg] Ifdtf xfn vkt
eO/x]sf] ** k|ltztsf] emG8} cfwf dfq /x]sf] 5 eg] csf{tkm{ k|r"/ Ifdtf ePsf] hnljB't\sf] ljsf; cToGt
dGb ultdf ePsf sf/0fn] ubf{ cfh klg ljB't\ pmhf{sf] vkt @ k|ltzteGbf sd /x]sf] 5 . lbuf] cfk"lt{
IfdtfeGbf a9L hª\unn] bfp/f cfk"lt{ u/]sf] sf/0f ;g\ !(&*÷&(b]lv ;g\ !(($÷($ ;Ddsf] !^ jif{sf]
cjlwdf g]kfndf jg hª\unsf] If]qkmn @$ k|ltztn] 36]sf] kfOPsf] 5 .
kl/R5]b–@, pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf 6

tflnsf @=! pmhf{ k|of]usf ;|ft] x?
-xhf/ luufh' n df_

pmhf{sf k|sf/ pmhf{ k|of]usf If]qx¿ hDdf
3/fo;L cf}Bf]lus Jofj;flos oftfoft s[lif cGo
!=k/Dk/fut pmhf{ 317,797 2,246 2,049 - - 13 322,105
!=! bfp/f 284,138 773 2,049 - - - 286,960
!=@ s[lifhGo cjz]if 12,478 1,473 - - - 13 13,964
!=# uf]a/ 21,181 - - - - - 21,181
@= Jofj;flos pmhf{ 11,815 10,571 3,286 13,895 3,085 599 43,195
@=! k]6«fl] nod kbfy{ 9,061 1,387 2,892 13,874 2,905 - 30,063
Pn=lk=Uof; 2,008 - 1,700 113 - - 3,821
df]6/ l:kl/6 - - - 2,534 - - 2,534
6«jfOg t]n - - - 2,417 - - 2,417
d§Lt]n 7,053 413 1,192 - - - 8,659
l8h]n - 199 - 8,810 2,905 - 11,914
pmhf{ t]n - 28 - - - - 28
cGo - 747 - - - - 747
@=@ sf]Onf 25 6,434 - - - - 6,459
@=# ljh'nL 2,729 2,750 394 21 180 599 6,673
#= gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ 1,955 - - - - - 1,955
afof]Uof; 1,903 - - - - - 1,903
dfOqmf] xfO8«f] 50 - - - - - 50
;f}o{ 2 - - - - - 2
hDdf 331,567 12,817 5,335 13,895 3,085 612 367,312
;|ft] M g]kfnsf] pmhf{ k|ltj]bg @))^, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]u
g]kfndf hnljB't\ pTkfbgsf nflu k|r"/ Ifdtf eP klg cToGt sddfqfdf dfq k|of]udf cfPsf] 5 .
;f}o{, jfo', h}ljs/flz, n3' hnljB't\h:tf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf ;|f]t b]zdf g} ePtf klg gjLs/0fLo
pmhf{sf ;|f]tsf] k|of]u guGodfqfdf dfq ePsf] 5 . cfofltt k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] k|of]usf] sl/a !)
k|ltzt /x]sf] 5 . gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf; gu0o dfqfdf 5, oBlk o;sf] dfu / ;DefJotf eg] k|r"/
dfqfdf /x]sf] kfOG5 eg] csf]{tkm{ b]zsf] b'n{e j}b]lzs d'b|f k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] vl/bdf g} vr{ x'g]
u/]sf] tYo xfd|f ] ;fd' 5 .

@=# pmhf{sf] dfu k|If]k0f tyf ljZn]if0f

hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] pmhf{ ;|ft] /0fgLlt th'd{ fsf nflu u/]sf] cWoogsf] cfwf/df ;g\ @)#)
;Dd cf};t cfly{s j[l4b/ %=^ k|ltzt sfod /xg] cg'dfg ubf{ OGwgsf] vktsf] ld>0f tflnsf @=@ df pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf @=@ OGwgsf] vkt ld>0f
OGwg dfu
;g\ @)!% ;g\ @)#)
OGwgsf] lsl;d ldlnog k|ltzt ldlnog k|ltzt
6]/f h'n 6]/f h'n
bfp/f )=#%) &) )=#(%^ $#
ljB't\ )=)!% # )=!%^$ !&
d§Lt]n )=)@% % )=)(@) !)
Pn=lk= Uof; )=)!% # )=)(@) !)
k]6f« n
] )=))% ! )=))(@ !
afof]Uof; )=))% ! )=)!*$ @
s[lifhGo cjz]if )=)!% # )=))(@ !
uf]a/ u'OF7f )=)@) $ )=)!*$ @
xjfO{ OGwg )=))% ! )=))(@ !
sf]Onf )=)!% # )=)#^* $
l8h]n )=)#) ^ )=)*@* (
hDdf OGwg vkt
-ldlnog 6]/f h'n_ )=%)) !)) )=(@)) !))
lrq @=@ M ;g\ @)!% sf] pmhf{ vktsf] kl/b[Zo lrq @=# M ;g\ @)#) sf] pmhf{ vktsf] kl/b[Zo
/fli6«o lu|8sf] /fli6«o lu|8sf]

j}slNks vlgh j}slNks
ljB't\ #% ljB't\ !&%
pmhf{ !% OGwg !(% pmhf{ #%
h}jLs /flz
vlgh OGwg
$%%
h}jLs /flz #%%
&&%

dfly tflnsf @=@ df pNn]v ePcg';f/sf] cfk"lt{af6 x'g cfpg] pmhf{ kl/b[Zo tflnsf @=# df k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf @=# M pmhf{ kl/b[Zo
pmhf{ kl/;"rs o' l g6 @))% @)!) @)!% @)@) @)@% @)#)
pmhf{ vkt k|ltJolQm luufh'n÷JolQm !% !^ !^ !& !( @#
ljB't\ vkt k|ltJolQm lsnf]jf6 306f÷JolQm ^& *) !@$ @#! $(^ !)&)
ljB't\ pkof]u k|ltzt ! @ $ & !# !&
pmhf{ vkt k|lt 3/w'/L luufh'n÷3/w'/L &^ &( &* &* &^ &&
ljB'ts
\ f] cfwf/e"t cfk"lt{df k|ltzt !=& !=( @=* $=* (=# !^=%
ggsfa{g pmhf{sf] ;]o/
s'n pmhf{sf] vktdf k|ltzt !!=& !!=( !!=@ !@=# !%=$ @@=!
gjLs/0f pmhf{sf] ;]o/
s'n pmhf{sf] cfk"lt{df k|ltzt !)=^ !#=$ !*=% @#=$ @(=( #$=*
cfofltt pmhf{sf] ;]o/
Ps 6g pmhf{sf] pTkfbg lh=Pr=lh=-ls=uf| =_÷JolQm $&$ $%( $@) #(@ %)* ^&@
/ vktdf k|ltJolQm
xl/tUof; lj;h{g
k/Dk/fut, Jofkfl/s / gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf ljleGg ;|ft] x¿dWo] ufx{:y k|of]hgsf nflu vkt x'g] k/Dk/fut
k]6f« l] nod ;|ft] x¿nfO{ s]xL xb;Dd ljB'ta\ f6 k|lt:yfkg ubf{ cfjZos kg]{ ljB't\ lgDg tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 .
tflnsf @=$ M ljB't\u[xsf] pRrtd Ifdtf
ljB't\u[xsf] pRrtd Ifdtf
jif{ @))% @)!) @)!% @)@) @)@% @)#)
ljB't\ Ifdtf -d]ufjf6_ ^!% (*$ !%&( @&&# %^@) !!$*)
ljB't\ vkt k|ltJolQm ^& *) !@$ @#! $(^ !)&)
-lsnf]jf6 306f÷JolQm_

kl/R5]b M #
cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf

#=! k[i7e"ld
g] k fndf hnljB' t \ s f] k| r " / ;Defjgf eP tfklg lj=;+ = !(^* df klxnf] hnljB' t \ cfof] h gf
-kmlk{Ë %)) lsnf]jf6_ lgdf{0f eP kZrft ´G8} Ps ztfAbLsf] cjlwdf sl/a &)) d]ufjf6 dfq hnljB't\
pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . To;kl5 lj=;+ = @)$^ ;fn;Ddsf] cf7 bzssf] cjlwdf ;' G b/Lhn
-)=^ d]ufjf6_, kgf}lt -@=$ d]ufjf6_, km]jf -! d]ufjf6_, lqz'nL -@! d]ufjf6_, ;'gsf]zL -!) d]ufjf6_,
ltgfpm -! d]ufjf6_, u08s -!% d]ufjf6_ h:tf cfof]hgfx¿ låkIfLo ;xof]udf lgdf{0f eP eg] b]jL3f6 -!$=!
d]ufjf6_, s'nv
] fgL–! -^) d]ufjf6_, s'nv ] fgL–@ -#@ d]ufjf6_ / d:of{ªb\ L -^( d]ufjf6_ u/L hDdf @@* d]ufjf6
ax'kIfLo ;xof]udf ljsf; ePsf lyP . hnljB't\ ljsf;sf] of] sfnv08df d'ns ' df Ps bh{g hnljB't\
s]Gb|x¿ alg;Sbf klg ljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f / ljt/0fdf /fi6«sf] cfGtl/s Ifdtfsf] kof{Kt ljsf; x'g ;s]sf]
5}g .
lj=;+= @)$^ ;fndf k|hftGqsf] k'gM:yfkgkl5 hnljB't\ If]qdf lghL If]qsf] ;xeflutfsf nflu ljB't\ P]g
@)$( nfu" ul/Pkl5 ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qsf] pT;fxhgs ;xeflutfsf] sf/0fn] bz jif{sf] 5f]6f]
cjlwdf s'n hl8t Ifdtf ^!& d]ufjf6 k'Ug ;s]sf] xf] . lghL If]qaf6 lvDtL -^) d]ufjf6_, ef]6]sf]zL -#^
d]ufjf6_, OGb|fjtL -&=% d]ufjf6_, lrlnd] -@@=! d]ufjf6_, lkn'jfvf]nf -# d]ufjf6_ / v'bL -$ d]ufjf6_ u/L
hDdf !## d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ePsf] 5 . To:t} ;fj{hlgs If]qn] o; cjlwdf k'jfvf]nf -^=@ d]ufjf6_ /
DofUbL tftf]kfgL -@ d]ufjf6_, rt/f -#=@ d]ufjf6_, df]bL -!$=* d]ufjf6_ / sfnLu08sL P -!$$ d]ufjf6_ lgdf{0f
u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ljutsf] cf7 bzsdf eGbf of] 8]9 bzsdf emG8} bf]Aa/ hl8t Ifdtf la:tf/ x'g'nfO{
pT;fxhgs dflgP tfklg To;kl5 hnljB't\sf] ljsf;sf] qmd l9nf x'g uPsf] / ;z:q åGåsf sf/0fn]
nufgLstf{x¿ lg?T;flxt ePsf] cj:yf 5 .
bzf+} of]hgf -@)^)–@)^$_ sf] nIo #!%=) d]ufjf6 /xsf]sf $!=@ d]ufjf6 hl8t Ifdtf dfq lgdf{0f ;DkGg eof] .
pSt of]hgfdf ljB't\ pTkfbgdf lghL If]qnfO{ a9L ;lqmo agfpg] gLlt lnOPsf] lyof] t/ d'ns ' sf] c;xh
/fhgLlts kl/l:ylt / cfof]hgf :yndf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] cefjn] ubf{ lghL If]qn] cfzftLt pknlAw ug{ ;s]g .
xfn b]zdf sl/a ^() d]ufjf6 ljB'ts \ f] hl8t Ifdtf /x]sf] 5 . h;dWo] /fli6«o lu|8af6 ^*^ d]ufjf6 /
lu|8aflx/af6 sl/a $ d]ufjf6 /x]sf] 5 . hl8t ljB'td\ Wo] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0faf6 %#@ d]ufjf6 / lghL If]qaf6
!%* d]ufjf6 sfod /x]sf] 5 .
#=@ g]kfndf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; rqm
xfn g]kfndf cjnDjg eO/x]sf] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ljsf;sf nflu ljljw k|lqmofut r/0fx¿ 5g\ . ljB't\
pTkfbgsf d"nt k|f/lDes cWoog, ;e]I{ f0f cg'dlt k|flKt, ;DefJotf cWoog, lj:t[t cWoog, ;j]I{ f0f,
OlGhlgol/ª l8hfOg, cfof]hgf lgdf{0f, ;~rfng tyf Joj:yfkg / cGTodf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lkmtf{ ug]{
kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 10

;Ddsf k|lqmofx¿ Kff/ ub}{ hfg'kb{5 . hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; rqm tof/ ubf{ ljB't\ P]g @)$(, ljB't\
lgodfjnL @)%), jftfj/0f ;+/If0f P]g @)%#, /fli6«o lgs'~h tyf jGohGt' ;+/If0f P]g @)$( df Joj:yf ePsf
k|fjwfgx¿nfO{ cfwf/ dflgPsf] 5 . lrq g+= #=! oxL cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; rqmnfO{ qmda4 ¿kdf k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 . s'g} klg hnljB't\ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ubf{ k|f/lDes 5gf}6 k|lqmofb]lv ;f] cfof]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{
x:tfGt/0f ug]{ k|lqmof;Dd hDdf !$ r/0f kf/ ug'k{ b{5 . klxnf] r/0fb]lv P3f/f} r/0f;Dd ;DefJotf cWoog,
Ohfht kq k|flKt / cfof]hgfsf] lj:t[t l8hfOg, cfly{s ;|ft] sf] Joj:yf h:tf sfo{df k|j4{sn] nfdf] ;do
-sl/a % jif{_ AotLt ug{k' 5{ . To;kl5 afx|f} r/0fdf cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg x'g] / t]x|f} r/0fdf hnljB't\
pTkfbg ;'? x'g] cj:yf 5 . ;Demf}tf adf]lhdsf] cjlw e/ ljB't\ pTkfbg u/L ;f] cjlwsf] cGTodf k|j4{sn]
rfn' xfntdf ;f] cfof]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lgMz'Ns x:tfGt/0f ug'k{ b{5 .
lrq g+= #=! g]kfndf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; rqm
!= ljleGg u'? of]hgf tyf @= ;j]{If0f cg'dlt kqsf @= ljB't\ ljsf; ljefun] pQm ljj/0fx?
:ynut e|d0fsf] cfwf/df nflu ljB't\ ljsf; ljefudf hfFr u/L ;j]I{ f0f cg'dltkq hf/L ug{
cfof]hgfsf] k|f/lDes 5gf}6 cfjZos ljj/0fx? k]; pko'Qm b]vd] f pmhf{ dGqfnosf] :jLs[ltsf
ug]{ . ug]{ . nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
^= ljB't\ vl/b–ljqmL ;Demf}tfsf %= cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf -k|fljlws,

nflu cfjZos sfuhftx? $= pmhf{ dGqfnon]
cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo_ cWoog Pj+
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f jf pko'Qm k'g/fjnf]sg u/L ;j]I{ f0f
jftfj/0fLo cWoog u/L ;DalGwt
lgsfo;dIf k]; ug]{ . cg'dltkq hf/L ug]{ .
lgsfoaf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt ug'k{ g]{ .
*= ljB't\ pTkfbgsf] cg'dltsf nflu cfof]hgfsf]

&= sfuhft cWoog, k|fljlws ;DefJotf -k|fljlws, cfly{s tyf jftfj/0fLo_ (= ljB't\ ljsf;
cWoog tyf k' g /fjnf] s g cWoog, k|f/lDes ljQLo Joj:yf, ljB't\ vl/b– ljefun] pmhf{
sfo{kl5 ljB't\ vl/b–ljqmL ljqmL ;Demf}tfnufot cfjZos cGo sfuhftx? dGqfnodf :jLs[ltsf
;Demf}tf ug]{ . ljB't\ ljsf; ljefudf k]; ug]{ . nflu l;kmfl/; ug]{ .
!@= cfof]hgfsf] cfjZostfcg';f/ lj:t[t !!= pTkfbg cg'dltkq hf/L !)= pmhf{ dGqfnon]
l8hfOg u/L lgdf{0f sfo{ ug]{ u/fpg] . ePsf] ldltn] Ps jif{leq k'g/fjnf]sg u/L
lgdf{0fsf qmddf k|j4{sn] cw{jflif{s k|ult k| j 4{ s n] cfly{ s ;| f ] t pTkfbg cg'dltkq hf/L
ljj/0f ljB't\ ljsf; ljefudf k]; ug]{ . lglZrt ug]{ . ug]{ .
!#= pTkfbg cg'dltkqsf] clwgdf /xL k|j4{sn] !$= pTkfbg cg'dltkq cjlwsf] cGTodf
cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkZrft cg'dltkqsf] cjlwe/ k|j4{sn] cfof]hgf g]kfn ;/sf/nfO{ lgMz'Ns
ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ . x:tfGt/0f ug]{ .

#=# cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 tyf juL{s/0f

o; sfo{bnnfO{ k|bfg ul/Psf] sfof{bz ] adf]lhd cfufdL % jif{, !) jif{, !% jif{ / @) jif{leq hnljB't\
cfof]hgfx¿sf] klxrfg, juL{s/0f tyf ;Defljt ljQLo Joj:yfsf] vfsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ 5gf}6 tyf jlu{s/0f d'Votof lgDg adf]lhdsf cfwf/x¿df to ul/Psf 5g\M
s_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
v_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qaf6 ;fem]bf/Ldf k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
u_ cfGtl/s vktsf nflu lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
3_ lgof{tsf nflu lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
ª_ lgof{tsf nflu a}bl] zs lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
r_ 7"nf ax'p2]zLo Pj+ låkIfLo nfe / lxtsf cfwf/df ;+oQ' m ¿kdf k|j4{g x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
o; cfwf/df to ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ tflnsfa4 u/L cg';l" r ! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ;"lr tof/ ubf{ hl8t Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df lgDgfg';f/ juL{s/0f ul/Psf] 5 .
s_ n3' hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ! d]ufjf6;Dd
v_ ;fgf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ! eGbf a9L @% d]ufjf6;Dd
u_ Df‰of}nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf @% eGbf a9L !)) d]ufjf6;Dd
3_ 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf !)) eGbf a9L !))) d]ufjf6;Dd
ª_ a[xt\ hnljB't\ cfof]hgf !))) d]ufjf6eGbf a9L
#=#=! kfFr jif{leq -;g\ @)!$ ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿M
o; ju{df dfly plNnlvt cfwf/ cg';f/ cfufdL % jif{leq ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z
ul/Psf 5g\ .
;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qaf6 cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf nflu xfn ;fgf / d´f}nf u/L s'n !!( d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf
!$ j6f cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0ffwLg 5g\ . h;dWo] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] $$ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf b'Oj{ 6f
cfof]hgfx¿ – rd]lnof -#) d]ufjf6_ / s'nv ] fgL–# -!$ d]ufjf6_ lgdf{0f ul/x]sf] 5 eg] afFsL cfof]hgfx¿
lghL If]qjf6 lgdf{0f eO/x]sf 5g\ . oL lgdf{0fwLg cfof]hgfx¿ s'nv] fgL–# -!$ d]ufjf6_ afx]s ;a} u}/hnfzoo"Qm
5g\ . lghL If]qaf6 &% d]ufjf6 hl8t Ifdtfsf cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0fwLg /x]sf 5g\ . lghL If]qaf6 lgdf{0ffwLg
cfof]hgfx¿ tflnsf #=! Dff pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
Tfflnsf #=! lghL If]qjf6 lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfx¿
cfof]hgfsf] gfd Hfl8t Ifdtf cg'dflgt nfut
-d]ufjf6_ -s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_
1. a/fDrL vf]nf 3.2 0.915
2. d}nª' vf]nf 5.0 1.430
3. tNnf] GofbL 4.5 1.287

4. tNnf] OGb|fjtL 4.5 1.287

5. x]jf vf]nf 2.4 0.686
6. tNnf] rfs'vf]nf 1.8 0.514
7. l;lk|ª\u vf]nf 10 2.860
8. dfbL–! 20 5.720
9 . tNnf] df]bL–! 10 2.860
10. e}/js'08 1.8 0.514
11. :o'/L vf]nf 5.0 1.430
12. cfFv' vf]nf–! 7.0 2.002
hDdf 75.2 21.507
sl/a !& d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf @ j6f cfof]hgfx¿sf] -led vf]nf / cfFwL vf]nf_ pTkfbg cg'dltkqsf nflu
cfj]bg k/]sf 5g\ eg] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f;Fu ljB't\ vl/b ;D´f}tf eO;s]sf cfof]hgfx¿jf6 o; cjlwdf
%^& d]ufjf6 -dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL ;lxt_ Ifdtf pTkfbg x'g;Sg] b]lvG5 . g]=lj=k|f=df ljB't\ vl/b ;D´f}tfsf
nflu @&^ d]ufjf6 a/fa/sf] cfj]bg k/]sf 5g\ . oL cfof]hgfx¿sf] lj:t[t ;"lr cg';"lr ! df k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . o; cjlw -;g\ @)!$_ ;Dddf ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g;Sg] sl/a !@& d]ufjf6 hl8t Ifdtfsf
;Defljt cfof]hgfx¿ ljB't\ ljsf; ljefujf6 k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ ljsf; ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . pQm k|:tfljt
cfof]hgfx¿ tflnsf #=@ df ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf #=@ ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuåf/f k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ ljsf; ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
cfof]hgfsf] gfd Hfl8t Ifdtf cg'dflgt nfut lgdf{0f ;DkGg
-d]ufjf6_ -s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/_ x'g] jif{ -;g\_
1. dfbL 5.0 1.43 2012
2. a'9Lu+uf 7.2 2.059 2012
3. l;ª\u6L 6.4 1.830 2013
4. dfO{ 5.0 1.430 2013
5. d]jf 10.0 2.860 2013
6. OGv" 20.0 5.720 2013
7. Vff/] 14.7 4.204 2014
8. ;f]n" 15.24 4.359 2014
9. tNnf] xf]ªu\ " 23.5 6.721 2014
10. a'9Lu+uf 20.0 5.720 2014
hDdf 127.04 36.333

o; cjlwdf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f tyf o;n] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLx¿ -;lA;l8o/L sDkgL_ dfkm{t yk !)
j6f cfof]hgfx¿af6 (&$ d]ufjf6 pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] x'G5 . o; cGtu{t !@& d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf] ;]tL
-hnfzoo'Qm_ cfof]hgf tyf dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL xfO8«f]kfj/ lnld6]8dfkm{t ljsf; ul/g] $%^ d]ufjf6sf]
dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . dflyNnf] ;]tL -hnfzoo'Qm_ cfof]hgf t'¿Gt
lgdf{0fdf hfg ;Sg] cfof]hgf eP tfklg o;sf] ljQLo Joj:yfsf nflu k|of; eO/x]sf] / dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo Joj:yf ;DkGg eO;s]sf] 5 . g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f tyf o;n] nufgL
u/]sf sDkgL dfkm{t o; cjlwdf lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr tflnsfx¿ #=# / #=$ df pNn]v ul/Psf
5g\ .
tflnsf #=# ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd g]=lj=k|f=åf/f lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx¿

!= Rfd]lnof 30 7.85 2011
@= s'nv] fgL # 14 2.76 2011
#= dflyNnf] lqz'nL #–P 60 12.50 2013
$= dflyNnf] ;]tL hnfzoo'Qm 127 34.00 2014
hDdf 231 57.1
57.111
tflnsf #=$ ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd g]=lj=k|f=sf ;lA;l8o/L sDkgLåf/f lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx¿
!= dflyNnf] ;f~h]g 11 2.79 2012
@= ;f~h]g 35 7.24 2014
#= dWo ef]6s] f]zL 96 17.67 2014
$= dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL 456 44.10 2014
%= tfdfsf]zL–% 100 15.20 2014
^= dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL–P 45 7.25 2014
hDdf 743 94.25
o;} cjlwdf lghL If]qjf6 xfn lgdf{0ffwLg &% d]ufjf6 a/fa/sf cfof]hgfsf cltl/Qm ;fgf / d´f}nf u/L *%
j6f u}/hnfzoo"Qm cfof]hgfx¿af6 sl/a &!) d]ufjf6 a/fa/sf] ljB't\ cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf nflu pTkfbg
ug{ ;lsg]5 . tL cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr cg';'lr ! df pknAw 5 . o;} cjlwdf lghL If]qaf6 lgof{t
k|of]hgsf nflu %) d]ufjf6sf] an]kmL / !@) d]ufjf6sf] lnv'–$ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] lgdf{0f ;DkGg
eO;Sg] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L ;g\ @)!$ ;Dddf ;fj{hlgs / lghL If]qaf6 hDdf @,)%& d]ufjf6 ljB't\
pTkfbg x'g]5 . h;dWo] cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf nflu !,**& d]ufjf6 / lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu !&)
d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pknAw x'g]5 .

#=#=@ !) jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿ M

o; cjlwdf ;DkGg x'g] cfof]hgfx¿dWo] sltko cfof]hgfx¿sf lgdf{0f sfo{x¿ cfufdL % jif{leq ;'? x'g5 ] g\ eg]
sltko cfof]hgfx¿sf cWoog sfo{x¿sf] yfngL eO{ tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ;DkGg x'g5 ] g\ . g]kfn ;/sf/, ljB't\
ljsf; ljefuåf/f lghL If]qx¿aLr k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lgdf{0f x'g] tNnf] ;f]n" / lvDtL–@ cfof]hgfx¿ ;g\ @)!% ;Dddf
;DkGg x'g5] g\ . oL cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr tflnsf #=% df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf #=% ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuåf/f k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lghL If]qåf/f ljsf; ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
!= tNnf] ;f]n" 40.0 8.520 2015
@= lvDtL–@ 27.2 5.794 2015
hDdf 67.2 14.314
dflyNnf] lqz'nL # aL, gn:ofu'uf8h:tf cfof]hgfx¿ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] cWoogsf ;fy;fy} lgdf{0f sfo{
klg cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0faf6 nufgL ul/Psf sDkgLx¿n] @ j6f u}/ hnfzoo"Qm
cfof]hgfx¿jf6 -ef]6s] f]zL -lqz'nL_, a'9L u08sL_ &)) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{ ;lsg] b]lvPsf] 5 . g]kfn
ljB't\ k|flws/0f tyf o;n] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLdfkm{t lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx¿ tflnsf #=^ / #=& df pNn]v
ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf #=^ cfufdL !) jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ g]=lj=k|f=åf/f ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
!= dflyNnf] lqz'nL #–aL 37 6.80 2015
@= dflyNnf] c¿0f 335 47.00 2016
#= gn:ofu'uf8 400 53.90 2016
$= /fx'3f6 27 6.55 2017
hDdf 799 114.25
tflnsf #=& cfufdL !) jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ g]=lj=k|f=sf ;lA;l8o/L sDkgLåf/f lgdf{0f ul/g]
cfof]hgfx¿
!= ef]6s
] f]zL -lqz'nL_ 100 18.78 2017
@= a'9L u08sL 600 77.40
hDdf 700 96.18

o; cjlwdf lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g ePsf @#^ j6f cfof]hgfx¿åf/f s'n &#)!=^# d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{
;lsg]5 . h;dWo] &%) d]ufjf6sf] klZrd ;]tL hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf, *)) d]ufjf6sf] c¿0f–# / ())
d]ufjf6sf] dflyNnf] s0ff{nLh:tf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ lgof{t d"ns cfof]hgfsf ¿kdf k|:tfj ul/Psf]
5 . oL cfof]hgfx?sf] ;"lr cg';l" r–! df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
lghL If]qaf6 lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx¿ tn tflnsf #=* df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf #=* lghL If]qaf6 lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfx¿

!= tNnf] c¿0f 400 85.2 @)!%
@= dflyNnf] d:of{ª\bL–@ 600 178.2 @)!%
#= tfdfsf]zL–# 880 261.36 @)!%
$= dflyNnf] s0ff{nL 900 267.3 @)!%
%= c¿0f–# 800 237.6 @)!%
^= klZrd ;]tL 750 222.75 @)!&
hDdf 4330 1252.41
If]qLo ljsf; tyf ljB't\sf] If]qLo ef/ ;Gt'ng ug]{ p2]Zon] b]zsf] k|To]s ljsf; If]qdf Ps Ps j6fsf b/n]
hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿ h:t} tdf]/ -#*) d]ufjf6_, a'9L u08sL -^)) d]ufjf6_, sfnL u08sL
-^^) d]ufjf6_ / gn:ofu'uf8 -$)) d]ufjf6_ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . tdf]/ -#*) d]ufjf6_, a'9L u08sL
-^)) d]ufjf6_, sfnL u08sL -^^) d]ufjf6_ cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu lj:t[t cWoog, cfly{s ;|ft] sf] Joj:yf,
hUuf clwu|x0f Pj+ ;8s lgdf{0f cflb sfo{x¿ tTsfn ;'? ug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
o;/L o; cjlwdf pTkfbg x'g] sl/a !@,$@# d]ufjf6 ljB'td\ Wo] sl/a *,)(# d]ufjf6 cfGtl/s / $##) d]ufjf6
lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu pknAw x'g5
] .
#=#=# !% jif{leq -;g\ @)@$ ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿M

cfufdL !% jif{leq lgdf{0f ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿df g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] d'Vo ¿kdf hnfzoo'Qm b"wsf]zL
-#)) d]ufjf6_ / zf/bf–jjO{ -(# d]ufjf6_ h:tf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k|fyldstfsf ;fy cWoog u/L lgdf{0f
sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . o;} cjlwdf ljB't\ pTkfbgsf nflu g]kfn ;/sf/n] låkIfLo ;xof]uaf6
lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] k~r]Zj/ -@($) d]ufjf6_, gf}d'/] -@$% d]ufjf6_ h:tf ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx¿af/] oyfzL3|
ef/t ;/sf/;Fu ;dembf/L sfod u/L cWoog ;DkGg ug]{ / lgdf{0fsf nflu k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf sfo{x¿
yfngL ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . tflnsf #=( df g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, g]kfn ;/sf/ tyf lghL If]qjf6 ljsf; ug{
pko'Qm x'g] cfof]hgfx¿ klxrfg u/L ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf #=( cfufdL !% jif{leq -;g\ @)@$ ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
cfof]hgfsf] gfd Ifdtf -d]ufjf6_ k|j4{s
!= b"wsf]zL hnfzoo'Qm 300 Gf]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f
@= k~r]Zj/ 2940 låkIfLo
#= gf}d/' ] 245 låkIfLo
$= dflyNnf] d:of{ª\UbL – P 50 lghL If]q
%= dflyNnf] d:of{ªUbL – @ 250 lghL If]q
^= dflyNnf] lqz'nL – ! 200 lghL If]q
&= tdf]/ – d]jf 101 lghL If]q
*= zf/bf – aaO{ hnfzoo'Qm 93 Gf]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f
(= tfdfsf]zL – @ 600 lghL If]q
!)= dfbL – ! 20 lghL If]q
!!= dflyNnf] dfbL 20 lghL If]q
!@= dflyNnf] tdf]/ 100 lghL If]q
!#= dWo tdf]/ 57 lghL If]q
!$= dflyNnf] tdf]/ – P 90 lghL If]q
!%= e]/L – aaO{ 48 lghL If]q
hDdf 51 14
5114
#=#=$ @) jif{leq -;g\ @)@( ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿M

o; ju{df ljleGg u'¿ of]hgf tyf cWoogsf cfwf/df klxrfg ul/Psf ax'p2]ZoLo nufotsf cfof]hgfx¿
;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . oL cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f tflnsf #=!) df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf #=!) cfufdL @) jif{leq -@)@(;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] hnfzoo'Qm jx'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx¿
cfof]hgfsf] gfd Ifdtf -d]ufjf6_ k|j4{s
!= ;'gsf]zL @ 1,700 Gf]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f
@= s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL 10884 låkIfLo
#= ;Ktsf]zL 3450 låkIfLo
$= e]/L -@ cfof]hgfx¿_ 2000 låkIfLo
hDdf 18034
oL cfof]hgfx¿af6 s'n !*)#$ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g5

] . dflysf tflnsfx¿ #=( / #=!) df k|:t't
ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿dWo] ;Ktsf]zL ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf, / gf}d'/] ax'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx¿ ef/t

;/sf/;Fu ;+oQ' m ¿kdf cWoog eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 eg] s0ff{nL lr;fkfgL cfof]hgf / ;'gsf]zL hnfzoo'Qm–
@ sf] tof/Lsf sfo{x¿ lgs} ;dob]lv lgl:qmo /x]sf]df pQm cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ k'gM lqmofzLn u/L cufl8
a9fpg'kg]{ x'G5 . oL cfof]hgfx¿ sfof{Gjogsf k|lqmofx¿ cufl8 a9]df ;g\ @)@( ;Dd k~r]Zj/, s0ff{nL /
;Ktsf]zL jx'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgf ;d]t u/L s'n #&,^@* d]ufjf6 a/fa/sf] ljB't\ Ifdtf pTkfbg x'g5 ] . oL tLg
jx'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z gug]{ xf] eg] aL; jif{ -;g\ @)@(_ ;Dddf s'n @),#%$ d]ufjf6 a/fa/sf]
ljB't\ Ifdtf dfq pTkfbg x'g5] . of] cfFs8fdf ljB't\ ljsf; ljefudf ;j]I{ f0f cg'dltsf nflu cfj]bg k/]sf
lgj]bgx¿nfO{ ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5}g . tn tflnsf #=!! Dff aL; jif{ cjlwsf cfof]hgfx¿ tyf hl8t Ifdtf
;+If]kdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf #=!! ;g\ @)!) b]lv @)@( ;Dd ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] ljB't\sf] hl8t Ifdtf
ljB't\ pTkfbg ul/g] cjlw ljB't\ Ifdtf -d]ufjf6_ s'n ljB't\ Ifdtf
;g\ @)!) – ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd 2057 2057
;g\ @)!% – ;g\ @)!( ;Dd 12423 14480
;g\ @)@) – ;g\ @)@$ ;Dd 5114 19594
;g\ @)@% – ;g\ @)@( ;Dd 18034 37628
#=$ cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo Joj:yf

cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo Joj:yf d'Votof lgDgadf]lhdsf cfwf/x¿jf6 cfFsng
ul/Psf 5g\M
/fli6«o hnof]hgf @))% df k|:t't ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ cg'R5]b #=# df plNnlvt juL{s/0fsf
cfwf/df ;fgf, d´f}nf / 7"nf cfof]hgfx¿df juL{s/0f u/L tL ju{leqsf cfof]hgfx¿sf] cf};t
nfutnfO{ cfwf/ lnOPsf] 5 .
pQm k|lt d]ufjf6 cf};t nfut /fli6«o hnof]hgfdf pNn]v ul/Psf] ;g\ @))#÷)$ sf] d"NonfO{
/fi6« a}s
+ sf] ;"rssf] cfwf/df ;g\ @))&÷)* sf] d"Nodf ;dfof]hg u/L nfut cg'dfg tof/
ul/Psf] 5 .
#=$=! % jif{leq -;g\ @)!$ ;Dd_ cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0fM
tflnsf #=!@ cfufdL % jif{leq -;g\ @)!$ ;Dd_ cfjZos kg]{ cg'dflgt ljQLo ljj/0fM
ljj/0f cg'dflgt nfut
-s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ ;g\ @))&÷)*sf] d"Nodf_
!= g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f 63.96
@= g]=lj=k|f= tyf o;n] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLx¿n] 146.03
lgdf{0f ug]{ cfof]hgfx¿
#= ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuåf/f k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lghL 36.33
If]qåf/f ljsf; ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
$= lghL If]qåf/f k|j4{g ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿ 257.87
s'n hDdf 504.19

g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fjf6 lgdf{0f ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu ^#=(^ s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf]
5 . o;}u/L ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuåf/f k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lghL If]qåf/f ljsf; ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu #^=##
s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg]bl] vG5 . g]=lj=k|f= tyf o;n] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLx¿n] lgdf{0f ug]{ cfof]hgfx¿sf
nflu !$^=)# s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg]bl] vG5 . lghL If]qjf6 k|j4{g ePsf cfof]hgfx¿ ljsf;sf nflu
@%&=*& s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg]bl] vG5 . o;/L tflnsf #=!@ cg';f/ ;g\ @)!$ ;Dddf @,)%& d]ufjf6 ljB\t'
ljsf; ug{ s'n %)$=!( s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ kl/rfng ug{k' g]{ x'G5 .
#=$=@ !) jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ cfjZos kg]{ cg'dflgt ljQLo ljj/0fM
tflnsf #=!# cfufdL !) jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ cfjZos kg]{ cg'dflgt ljQLo ljj/0fM
ljj/0f cg'dflgt nfut
-s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ ;g\ @))&÷)*_
!= g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f 707.53
@= g]=lj=k|f= tyf o;n] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLx¿n] 199.50
lgdf{0f ug]{ cfof]hgfx¿
#= ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuåf/f k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ lghL 14.31
If]qåf/f ljsf; ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿
$= lghL If]qåf/f k|j4{g ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿ 1935.57
s'n hDdf 2856.91
o; ju{ cGtu{t ljB't\ ljsf; ljefuåf/f k|lt:kwf{ / cWoog u/fO{ lghL If]qaf6 ljsf; ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿ tyf
g]=lj=k|f= nufot o;n] nufgL u/]sf sDkgLx¿n] lgdf{0f ug]{ cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu qmdzM !$=#! / ()&=)#
s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf cnfjf lghL If]qaf6 k|j4{g ePsf cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu
!(#%=%& s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L tflnsf #=!# cg';f/ ;g\ @)!% b]lv @)!(
;Dd ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] s'n !@$@# d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbgsf nflu @*%^=(! s/f]8 cd]l/sL 8n/ kl/rfng
ug{k' g]{ b]lvG5 .
#=$=# !% b]lv @) jif{leq -;g\ @)@$ b]lv @)@( ;Dd_ cfjZos kg]{ ljQLo ljj/0fM
o; ju{df kg]{ cfof]hgfx¿ dfly tflnsf #=( / #=!) df pNn]v ul/Psf 5g\ . d'Votof 7"nf, ax'p2]ZoLo tyf
k|f/lDes r/0fsf] cWoogsf] cfwf/df klxrfg ul/Psf cfof]hgfx? o; ju{df k/]sf 5g\ . s]xL ax'p2]ZoLo
cfof]hgfx¿ ef/t ;/sf/;Fu ;+oQ' m ¿kdf cWoog eO/x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o; kl/k|I] odf oL ju{df kg]{
cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljsf; ug{ nfUg] nfut xfn pknAw x'g g;Sg] cj:yf 5 .
#=% hnljB't\ cfof]hgf lgdf{0fsf] ljleGg df]8nx¿
#=%=! lrlnd] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
sf7df8f}a+ f6 !## lsdL pQ/df /;'jf lhNnfsf] ef]6s
] f]zLsf] lsgf/df cjl:yt k08]h /g ckm l/e/ k|s[ltsf]
lrlnd] vf]nfdf lgld{t of] cfof]hgfn] @)%$ c;f/ !! df g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f;Fu ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf

ePkl5 lgdf{0f ;'? eO{ ^ >fj0f @)^) ;fndf sdl;{on pTkfbg ;'? u/]sf] lyof] . #%!=% ld6/ x]8 /x]sf]
o; hnljB't\ s]Gb|df kfgLsf] axfa #=% 3gld6/ k|lt;]sG] 8 /x]sf] 5 .
(^ nfv lsQfdf ljeQm ;]o/dWo] g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] PsfpGg k|ltzt, sd{rf/Lsf] kRrL; k|ltzt tyf
;j{;fwf/0fsf] @$ k|ltzt ;]o/ nufgL x'g] u/L :yfkgf ePsf] of] hnljB't\ sDkgL g]kfnsf] klxnf] ;fj{hlgs
lghL If]qsf] ;+oQ' m nufgLdf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ;DkGg ug]{ sDkgL xf] . sl/a $ xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf ;]o/wgL
/x]sf] o; sDkgLsf] clws[t k'FhL Ps ca{dWo] 5ofgAa] s/f]8 r'Qmf k'FhL /x]sf] 5 . gful/s nufgL sf]if,
sd{rf/L ;~rosf]if, lxdfnog a}s + / nIdL a}s + sf] C0f ;xof]udf lrlnd] vf]nfaf6 @@=%^ d]ufjf6 ljB't\
pTkfbg u/L lq;'nL–b]jL3f6–rfjlxn ^^ s]eL k|;f/0f nfOg dfkm{t /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOgdf hf]l8Psf] 5 .
;'?df g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f / cGo ljQLo ;+:yfaf6 ljQLo ;|ft] pknAw u/L cfof]hgf ;~rfng u/L
Jofkfl/s pTkfbgkl5 dfq sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]o/ laqmL ul/Psf] lyof] . ;j{;fwf/0fsf] efusf] ;]o/ eg] :yfgLo
hgtfsf] cu|flwsf/sf] dfusf] ljjfbsf sf/0f xfn;Dd ljt/0f x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf OlGhlgo/ 8f= 8Da/axfb'/ g]kfnL / cfof]hgf k|aGws lnnfgfy e§/fO{ g]t[Tjsf]
k|fljlwsx¿sf] ;d"xn] l8hfOg u/L g]kfnL k'FhLn] lgdL{t of] cfof]hgf Tolt a]nf;Ddsf] ;a}eGbf ;:tf]
cfof]hgfsf] lyof] . g]kfnL 7]sb] f/ sDkgL jfOjf PG8 ;kgf sG:6«S;g h]eL / cd/ PG8 ;'k/ ;]kf{ sG:6«S;g
h]eL n] l;len ;+/rgf tyf nf;{g PG8 6'a|f] OlG8of ln=n] 6g]nsf] 7]Ssf kfPsf] lyof] . xfO8«f] l:6n :6«Sr/
sfo{sf] efusf] lgdf{0f sfo{ eg] g]kfn xfO8«f] On]lS6«s ln=n] u/]sf] lyof] . o;/L ;Dk"0f{ cfof]hgfsf]
OlGhlgol/ª tyf lgdf{0f sfo{ g]kfnx¿af6 klxnf] kN6 x'g nfu]sf] x'Fbf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] C0fsf nflu
hdfgL al;lbg] / Joj:yfkgdf cfkm\gf lj1x¿ kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{ u/]sf] lyof] .
g]kfnL k'FhLsf] kl/rfngaf6 o:tf cfof]hgf ;~rfng x'Fbf hgzlQmsf] Ifdtf ljsf; / cfof]hgfsf] nfut
sd x'g'n] /fli6«o cy{tGqdf ;sf/fTds k|efj kfg]{ b]lvP klg, cfof]hgf lgdf{0fkl5 dfq cfof]hgfsf]
hf]lvd axg gu/Lsg sd{rf/LnfO{ ;]o/ lbg] k|lqmof cfnf]Ro /x] tfklg cfGtl/s vktsf nflu hnljB't\
cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ g]kfndf of] k|efjsf/L gd"gfsf ¿kdf :yflkt ePsf] kfOG5 .
#=%=@ dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf

dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ lnld6]8 g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] klAns lnld6]8 sDkgL xf] .
o; sDkgLn] bf]nvf lhNnfsf] nfdfju/df ljB't\ u[x x'g] $%^ d]ufjf6 Ifdtfsf] dflyNnf]] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\
cfof]hgfsf] ;e],{ l8hfOg, lgdf{0f ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg u/L pTkflbt pmhf{ ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf u/L g]kfn
ljB't\ k|flws/0fs} k|;f/0f nfOgdf a]Rg]5 . g]kfnL k'FhL, k|fljlws, Joj:yfks / pknAw ;|ft] ;fwgnfO{
kl/rfng u/L] b]zsf] pmhf{ ;ª\s6 / /fli6«o cy{tGqsf] ;'wf/df dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] o; lgdf{0ffwLg dflyNnf]]
tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ lnld6]8 @)^# kmfu'g @% ut] klAns lnld6]8 sDkgLsf] ¿kdf :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] .
sDkgL btf{ eO{ ;~rfng cfpg k"j{ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] o; hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog,
b}lgs sfo{ ;~rfng / Joj:yfkg sfo{ u/]sf] lyof] .
*@) ld6/ x]8 / ^^ So'ljs ld6/ k|lt;]sG] 8sf] b/df kfgLsf] axfj /xg] o; kl/of]hgf lgdf{0f eO{ Jofkfl/s
pTkfbg ;'rf? ePkl5 k|To]s jif{ @ ca{ @* s/f]8 !@ nfv o'lg6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]5 { . g]=lj=k|f=sf] %!
k|ltzt, sd{rf/L ;~rosf]ifsf] @) k|ltzt, ;j{;fwf/0fsf] !) k|ltzt, bf]nvfaf;Lx¿sf] !) k|ltzt /

g]=la=k|f=sf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] ^ k|ltzt ;]o/ /xg]5 . dflyNnf]] tfdfsf];L cfof]hgfsf] nfuL !) ca{sf] C0f / @
ca{sf] l8j]Gr/ x'g] u/L sd{rf/L ;+~rosf]if ;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 eg] ^ ca{sf] C0fsf nflu g]kfn 6]nLsd
nL / @ ca{ C0f gful/s nufgL sf]if;Fu ;Demf}tf ePsf] 5 . $$ s/f]8 bznfv cd]l/sL 8n/sf] kl/of]hgf
nfutdWo] &) k|ltzt C0f / #) k|ltzt OlSj6L ;]o/ x'g5 ] . afFsL cfjZos /sdsf nflu /fli6«o ladf
;+:yfg;Fu klg 5nkmn hf/L 5 .
lj:t[t OlGhlgol/ª\ l8hfOg tof/ eO{ 6]G8/sf] k|lqmofdf uPsf] of] cfof]hgfsf] ^* lsnf]ld6/ nfdf]
k|j]zdfu{sf] 6«ofs vf]Ng] sfo{ rflxF g]kfnL ;]gfn] clGtd r/0fdf k'/¥ofPsf] 5 . l;len lgdf{0f sfo{sf]
sfdsf nflu ^ j6f sDkgLnfO{ k"j{of]Uotfsf] 5gf}6df kfl/Psf] 5 . On]S6«f] d]sflgsn ;DaGwL sfo{sf]
sDkgL 5gf}6sf] sfo{;d]t cufl8 al9/x]sf] 5 . pQm cfof]hgfsf] ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf klg clGtd r/0fdf
5 . o;af6 pTkflbt ljB't\ @@) s]eLsf] k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 lvDtL ;a:6];gdf nu]/ /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOgdf
hf]l8g]5 .
#=%=# lvDtL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
lvDtL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf …/g ckm b l/e/Ú k|sf/sf] xf] . lvDtL vf]nfsf] kfgLnfO tfdfsf]zLsf] lsgf/df
cjl:yt lsg]6{ f/df ljB't\ u[xdf NofP/ ^) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ of] cfof]hgf lghL If]qsf] klxnf]
hnljB't\ cfof]hgf xf] . sf7df8f}b+ l] v !&% lsnf]ld6/ k"jd{ f /fd]5fk lhNnfdf /x]sf] of] cfof]hgf /fd]5fk /
bf]nvfsf] l;dfIf]qdf kb{5 . #% s/f]8 o'lg6 ljB't\ jflif{s pTkfbg ug]{ o; cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f @)%( ;fndf
a'6jn kfj/ sDkgLn] ;'?cft u/] klg @)%# h]7df cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo Joj:yf ePkl5 sG;f]l6{od ckm
Pg=;L=;L= 6g]lnª\, :6f6qmfkm\6 Pgn]u lxdfn xfO8«f] sDkgL ln= n] l;len OlGhlgol/ª tyf sG;f]l6{od ckm
Pn:6f]g kfj/, Pljlj qmfkm\6 PG8 seg{/ OghL{ / g]kfn xfO8«f] PG8 On]lS6«s lnld6]8n] On]S6«f] d]sflgsn
efusf] lgdf{0f u/]sf lyP . a'6jn kfj/ sDkgLsf] tkm{af6 lvDtL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf Joj:yfkgsf] sfo{ xfO8«f]
sG;N6n] ;DkGg u/]sf] lyof] .
o; cfof]hgfdf :6f6qmfkm\6sf] @ s/f]8 %! nfv 8n/, a'6jn kfj/ sDkgLsf] %) nfv 8n/, on:6f]d
kfj/sf] @) nfv 8n/, hL=O={ OghL{sf] @) nfv 8n/ / Pg=l8=Pkmn] cfO{=kL=;L=sf] ¿kdf #) s/f]8 cd]l/sL
8n/ OlSj6L ;]o/ nufgL /x]sf] lyof] . C0fsf] ¿kdf Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s + sf] # s/f]8 !) nfv 8n/,
P:s]kmf]6l{ kmgfG;sf] @ s/f]8 (@ nfv 8n/, cfO{=Pkm=;L=sf] @ s/f]8 *) nfv 8n/ / gf]/f8sf] $^ nfv 8n/sf
;fy;fy} Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s + / cfO{=Pkm=;L=sf] ^) nfv 8n/sf] ;anf]g o; cfof]hgfn] lnPsf] lyof] .
^^) ld6/ x]8 /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf] kfgLsf] l8hfOg axfj @=!% 3gld6/ k|lt ;]sG] 8 /x]sf] o; cfof]hgfsf
%–% j6f l;qmf]g; h]g/] 6] / tyf k]N6g 6jf{Og o'lg6x¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;af6 pTkflbt ljB't\ !@* s]eLsf] lvDtL
nfdf] ;fF3' k|;f/0f nfOg dfkm{t /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOgdf h8fg x'G5 eg] :yfgLo hgtfsf nflu ## s]=eL=
k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 l;w} ljB't\ ljt/0f klg ul/G5 .
a}bl] zs lghL If]qsf] tkm{af6 lgld{t o; cfof]hgfdf gj]l{ hog sDkgLsf] nufgL /xL a}bl] zs nufgLsf]
;'?jftsf] ¿kdf lnOg] o; cfof]hgf;Fu Psftkm{ 8n/df / csf]{ tkm{ dxFuf] b/df ljB't\ vl/b ug]{ ;Demf}tf
ul/ g]=lj=k|f=nfO{ tLj| cfly{s ef/ kfl/Psf] egL cfnf]rgf klg x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

#=^ cfof]hgf ljsf;;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿M

!_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog tyf ljsf;sf nflu of]hgfa4 k|lqmof cjnDjg gul/g' .
qm=;= ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug{] < pknlAwsf] kl/;"rs
!= cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ gbL a]l;g of]hgf ljB't\ ljsf; ljefusf ljB't\ ljsf; hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf]
th'd{ fsf] cawf/0ffdf cfwfl/t eO{ ljz]if1x¿n] jf cfjZos kbf{ ljefu km]xl/:t k|fKt x'g]
Go"gtd k"j{ ;DefJotf :t/;Dd lj1 k/fdz{bftfx¿sf]
cWoog ug]{ tyf cWoog kZrft ;xof]udf ug]{
dfq ;e]I{ f0f cg'dltsf k|lqmofx¿
yfngL ug]{ .
@= cfof]hgfsf] k|sl[ t tyf nufgLsf] s_ lghL If]qaf6 lgdf{0f x'g] pmhf{ dGqfno cnu cnu ;"lr
;Defjgfsf] cfwf/df ltgsf] v_ ;/sf/n] lgdf{0f ug]{ tof/ x'g]
juL{s/0f ug]{ -/fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿_
u_ lghL–;fj{hlgs
;fem]bf/Ldf lgdf{0f x'g]
#= /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt !))b]lv %)) d]ufjf6;Ddsf pmhf{ dGqfno /fli6«o k|fyldstf
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ls6fg cfGtl/s vktsf nflu k|fKt hnljB't\
ug]{ hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿ cfof]hgfsf] ;"lr
;DefJotf cWoogsf cfwf/df tof/ x'g]
5gf}6 ug]{
$= /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt dftxtsf ;fj{hlgs lgsfo pmhf{ dGqfno /fli6«o k|fyldstf k|fKt
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ / cGo dfkm{t lj:t[t ;DefJotf cWoog, hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
;DefJo cfof]hgfsf] lgdf{0f cfly{s ;|ft] sf] Joj:yf, af]nkq lgdf{0f sfo{ ;'? x'g]
;/sf/n] cfkm}n + ] ug]{ cfXjfg, 7]Ssf k6\6f tyf lgdf{0f
sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg]
%= ;fj{hlgs–lghL ;fem]bf/Ldf ;/sf/sf] d'Vo jf cf+lzs pmhf{ dGqfno s_ ;fj{hlgs–lghL
cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ lx:;]bf/L -;]o/ nufgL_df ;fem]bf/Lsf]
cnu sDkgL v8f u/L lj:t[t sDkgL v8f x'g]
;DefJotf cWoog, ljQLo v_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f
Joj:yf, 7]Ssf k6\6f u/L sfo{ ;'? x'g]
lgdf{0f ug]{
^= :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbs lghL If]qaf6 lj:t[t pmhf{ dGqfno s_ lghL] sDkgL v8f
-lghL If]q_x¿ åf/f cfof]hgf ;DefJotf cWoog, cfly{s x'g]
lgdf{0f ug]{ . ;|ft] sf] Joj:yf, af]nkq v_ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f sfo{
cfXjfg, 7]Ssf k6\6f tyf ;'? x'g] .
lgdf{0f sfo{ sfd cufl8
a9fpg] sfo{sf] ;xhLs/0f /
cg'udg ug]{ .

@_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf] kof{Kttf gx'g' .

qm=;= ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug{] < pknlAwsf] kl/;"rs
!= ;8s lgdf{0f ug]{ s_ df}hb' f /fli6«o ;8s u'? of]hgf ef}lts of]hgf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
kl/dfh{g u/L ;Defljt hnljB't\ tyf lgdf{0f :yn;Dd ;8s lgdf{0f
cfof]hgf :ynnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ dGqfno / pmhf{ x'g]
u/L ;8ssf] /]vfª\sg ug]{ dGqfno
v_ /0fgLlts dxTjsf ;8ssf]
;~hfnleq kg]{ ;8s, ;8s
ljefu dfkm{t lgdf{0f ug]{
u_ cGo ;8ssf] xsdf lhNnf ljsf;
;ldlt, g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f
dfkm{t lgdf{0f ug]{
3_ lghL If]qn] cfof]hgf lgdf{0f
:yn;Ddsf] kx'Fr dfu{sf] lgdf{0f
cfkm}n+ ] ug]{
ª_ kx'Fr dfu{ lgdf{0fsf] nfut Ol:6d]6
ubf{ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] cnfjf
cGo If]qdf k|fKt x'g] nfesf] ;d]t
d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / ;DefJotfsf]
ljZn]if0f ug]{
#_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu cfjZos lgdf{0f ;fdu|L / hgzlQmsf] kof{Kttf gx'g' .
qm=;= ;dfwfgsf nflu s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug{] < pknlAwsf] kl/;"rs
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf s_ lgdf{0f ;fdu|L cf];f/ k;f/sf nflu ef}lts of]hgf s_ ;8ssf] cfjfudg
nflu lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt ug]{ . dGqfno, pmhf{ cj?4 gx'g]
cfk"lt{ ug]{ dGqfno / v_ ;8ssf] :t/f]Gglt
v_ ljleGg jfxgfdf ;8sdf x'g]
:yflgo ljsf;
cfjfudg cj/f]wsf] cGTo ug]{ x'g]
dGqfno
@= ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf s_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ;Da4 s_ ljZj ljleGg :t/sf
nflu hgzlQm cfk"lt{ hgzlQmsf] cfjZostfsf] cfFsng ljBfnox¿ hgzlQm pTkfbg j[l4
ug]{ u/L ;f] cg'¿ksf] nIo k|fKt ug{ v_ k|fljlws x'g]
yk ljBfyL{÷k|lzIffyL{ egf{ u/L lzIffnox¿
cWofkg sfo{ ;~rfng ug]{ .
u_ hnljB't\
v_ dWod :t/sf k|fljlws hgzlQm
k|j4{sx¿
pTkfbgsf nflu k|fljlws lzIffnon]
tflnd sfo{qmd la:tf/ ug]{ .
u_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgf k|j4{sn] cfkm\gf]
cfjZostf cg'¿k :yfgLo
hgtfnfO{ :yfgLo:t/d} cw{bIf
hgzlQm pTkfbg x'g] u/L tflnd
;~rfng ug]{ .

$_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf lgdf{0fsf qmddf ljleGg ;8s cfjfudgdf cj/f]wx¿ v8f x'g' .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= ;8s oftfoftsf] aGb, x8tfn, rSsfhfd tyf s_ /fhgLlts cfof]hgf If]qdf ;8s
cfjfudgdf x'g] b'36{ gfsf sf/0f ;8s cj?4 gug{ bnx¿ oftfoft cj?4 gx'g]
ca/f]w cGt ug]{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] ;femf ;xdlt v_ u[x dGqfno / sfd ;'rf? x'g]
lgdf{0f ug]{
%_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUg /x]sf >ldsx¿nfO{ /fhg}lts pb]Zosf nflu ul/g] ;ef
h'n;
' df ;fd]n u/fpFbf cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ cj?4 x'g' .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= cfof]hgfdf sfo{/t s_ kl/of]hgfdf sfo{/t >ldsx¿nfO s_ /fhgLlts cfof]hgf If]qdf aGb
>ldsx¿nfO{ k];fut cfof]hgfsf] sfo{ cj?4 x'g] u/L bnx¿ x8tfn cflbsf sf/0f
lxtsf] ;6\6fdf s'g} s'g} klg /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] aGb v_ u[x dGqfno sfd cj?4 gx'g] /
klg /fhg}lts bnsf] x8tfn jf h'n; ' df ;xefuL u_ >d tyf sfd ;'rf? x'g]
/fhg}lts :jfy{df gu/fpgsf nflu /fhgLlts oftfoft
kl/rflnt x'g glbg] bnx¿ aLrdf ;femf ;xdlt ug]{ . dGqfno
v_ cfof]hgfdf sfo{/t dhb'/x¿n]
cfof]hgf cj?4 x'g] vfnsf] s'g}
k|sf/sf] aGb, x8tfn u/]df
cfof]hgf k|dv' n] tTsfn To;nfO{
;Djf]wg ug]{ .
u_ cfof]hgfsf dhb'/x¿sf] k];fut
xslxtsf] ;jfndf eg] >d
sfof{nodfkm{t To;n] hlt ;Sbf]
l56f] ;dfwfg ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{ .
^_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf lgdf{0f:yndf ;'/Iff k|aGw sdhf]/ eO{ ;f] cfof]hgfdf sfo{/t sd{rf/L, >lds,
Joj:yfkssf] ;'/Iff x'g g;sL cfof]hgfsf] sfo{df l9nfO x'g hfg' .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= s_ lhNnfdf PsLs[t s_ /fhgLlts bnsf] k|ltlglw;lxtsf] s_ /fhgLlts cfof]hgf If]qdf
;'/Iff k|aGw ;ldlt ;+oGq u7g u/L kl/rfng ug]{ . bnx¿ ;'/Iffsf sf/0fn]
u7g ug] v_ cfof]hgf If]qdf ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe'lt v_ u[x dGqfno cfof]hgfsf] sfd
v_ cfof]hgf If]qnfO{ x'g] vfnsf] sfo{of]hgf agfP/ cj?4 gx'g] /
/fli6«o k|fyldstfsf] cfof]hgf k|dv' ;Fu k/fdz{ u/L cfof]hgfsf] sfo{
laz]if If]q 3f]if0ff k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] nfu" ug]{ ;'rf? x'g]
u/L sfof{Gjog ug]{

&_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf lgdf{0fsf qmddf :yfgLo afl;Gbfx¿af6 gfhfoh 9ª\un] dfu /fvL cfof]hgfsf] sfo{
cj?4 ug]{ sf/0fn] cfof]hgf ;~rfngsdf ;d:of b]vf kg'{ .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= :yfgLo jfl;Gbfaf6 x'g] cfof]hgfsf jf/]df :yfgLo s_ g]kfn ;/sf/ cfof]hgf If]qdf
dfusf] lbuf] ;dfwfg ug]{ hgtfx¿ ;';l' rt ug{ :yfgLo v_ /fhgLlts :yfgLo afl;Gbfsf]
;fdflhs ;+:yf / /fhgLlts bnx¿ gfhfoh dfu /
bnsf k|ltlglwx¿nfO{ kl/rfng u_ u[x dGqfno c;xh kl/l:yltsf]
ug]{ . cfof]hgfn] k"/fug{ ;Sg] / 3_ :yfgLo sf/0f cfof]hgfsf]
g;Sg] dfusf jf/]df :yfgLo:t/df jfl;Gbfsf] sfo{ cj?4 gx'g]
5nkmn u/L 6'ª\uf]df k'Ug lg/Gt/ lgjf{lrt
¿kdf cfof]hgf / hgk|ltlglwaLr dflyNnf]
;Djfb rfn' /fVg] k|ltlglw
cfly{s ;jfnx¿
!_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|ft] sf] cefj x'g' .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= ljB't\ cfof]hgfs]f s_ cfkm\g} ;|ft] af6 vr{ ug]{ u/L s_ cy{ dGqfno, cfjZos cfly{s
lgdf{0fsf nflu ah]6df Joj:yf ug]{ pmhf{ dGqfno ;|ft] sf] Joj:yf x'g]
cfjZos cfly{s v_ cGt/f{li6«o ljQLo ;+:yfx¿af6 v_ lghL If]q
;|ft] tof/ ug]{ cg' bfg tyf C0f lng] u_ u}/cfjf;Lo
u_ AolQm tyf ;+:yfsf] ;]o/ nufgL ug]{ g]kfnL
3_ aG8 lg:sfifg ug]{ 3_ ljb]zL k|ToIo
ª_ ljb]zL bft[/fi6«sf] k|ToIf cg'bfg nufgL
lng] ª_ :jb]zL ljQLo
r_ ;]o/ nufgL -OlSj6L_ hDdf kfg]{ ;+:yfx¿
@= hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf 5_
s_ cfof]
xfn hnufgL
gf–C0feO{k|fsfo{
Kt ug] { . al9/x]sf u[x dGqfno,
cufl8 :yfgLo ¿kdf
nufgL d}qL jftfj/0f cfof]hgfx¿df zflGt ;'/Iff sfod u/L cy{ dGqfno / cfof]hgfdf /f]sfj6
lgdf{0f ug]{ :yfgLo ;d:ofx¿ l;h{gf x'g glbg] /fhgLlts gcfpg]
v_ ljB't\ ;ª\s6sf] jt{dfg cj:yfsf] bnx¿
;dfwfgsf ug{ cfGtl/s vktsf
nflu ;g @)!$ ;Dd cfof]hgf ;DkGg
u/L Jofkfl/s pTkfbg ;'? ug]{ ljB't\
s]Gb|nfO{ ljz]if ;x'lnot lbg]
u_ :jb]zL a}s+ x¿nfO{ cfof]hgfdf nufgL
ug{ gLltut cj/f]wx¿ 5g\ eg]
a}s
+ x¿;Fu 5nkmn u/L ;f] ca/f]w
x6fpg kxn ug'k{ g]{ .

ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
#= hnljB't\ s_ ljB't\ ljsf;sf nflu v8f ePsf låkIfLo / cy{ dGqfno, cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;|ft]
cfof]hgfdf nufgL ax'kIfLo sf]ifx¿sf] pkof]u x'g g;Sg'sf ljQLo ;+:yfx¿ h'6\g]
d}qL jftfj/0f sf/0fx¿ af/] ;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1x¿sf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ ;xof]udf k'g/fjnf]sg u/L cfjZos
k|lqmofx¿nfO{ ;/nLs/0f ug]{ / sf]ifnfO{
lqmofzLn agfpg]
v_ laBdfg ljB't\ ;ª\s6 ;dfwfg ug]{ qmddf
låkIfLo / ax'kIfLo lgsfox¿n] k|:tfj ug]{
ljQLo ;xof]u k|fKt ug{ ;/sf/n] lglZrt
hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ cuf8L NofO{
;f] lgdf{0f ug{ kxn ug]{
u_ lak|]if0f -/]ld6\ofG;_ cfk|jfxsf] clGtd
pkof]u;Dd k5\ofpFb} ljk|i] f0fsf] slt lx:;f
cfof]hgfdf nufgL ug{ ;lsg] xf] ;f]sf]
olsg u/L pkof]u ug{ cWoog ug]{
3_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf art tyf C0f ;xsf/L
;+:yfx¿n] ;fd'lxs nufgL ug]{ ;+oGq
ljsf; ug]{
ª_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿df :yfgLo hgtf tyf
;/sf/sf] ;+:yfut ¿kdf ;xeflutf ;'lglZrt
ug{sf nflu ;+:yfut nufgL ug]{ ;+oGq
tyf lgb]l{ zsf tof/ ug]{
r_ uf=lj=;=, lh=lj=;=, gu/kflnsfh:tf :yfgLo
;/sf/x¿nfO{ Psn jf ;+oQ' m¿kdf ;fgf
tyf demf}nf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ cfkm\g} nufgL
tyf ;|ft] h'6fO{ ljsf; ug{ k|fT] ;flxt ug]{ .
5_ ;fj{hlgs ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿df nufgL ug{
;/sf/n] OlSj6L kmG8sf] Joj:yf ug]{ k|of]hgsf
nflu sDkgL :yfkgf ug]{
h_ ;/sf/n] hnljB't\ ljsf; sf]ifsf] :yfkgf
u/L pQm sf]ifsf nflu cfjZos /sd
ljk|i] f0f, kfj/ aG8, lghL d'4tL art
cflbaf6 h'6fpg] / o; k|of]hgsf nflu
qm]tfnfO{ pko'Qm k|lt:kwL{ Aofh, cflh{t
Aofhdf cfos/ 5'6h:tf cfsif{s ;x'lnot
k|bfg ug]{ .
hnljB't\ :jb]zL a}+sx¿n] ;+oQ' m ¿kdf hnljB't\ a+s } ;{ k|fljlws OsfO u7g
$= cfof]hgfx¿df cfof]hgfx¿df nufgL ug]{ k|of]hgsf P;f]l;o;g eO{ sfofGjog x'g] .
nufgL ug]{ nflu k|j4{sx¿sf] k|:tfj d"Nofª\sg ug{
a}s
+ x¿sf] k|fljlws ljz]if1x¿ ;lDdlnt k|fljlws OsfO
Ifdtf clea[l4 ug]{ :yfkgf ug]{ .

kl/R5]bM $
k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg
$=! e"ldsf
cfufdL jif{x?df hnljB't\sf] ljsf; tyf k|To]s g]kfnLsf] 3/w"/Ldf ljB't\ cfk"lt{ ug]{ /fli6«o k|lta4tfnfO{
sfof{Gjog ug{sf nflu k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg, k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgdf{0f sfo{of]hgf, k|f/lDes ef/
k|If]k0f / ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;jfn / ;'emfjx?sf] ljifonfO{ o; kl/R5]bn] ;d]6\g] k|of; u/]sf] 5 .
$=@ k|f/lDes dfu k|If]k0f
$=@=! g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] ljBdfg dfu k|If]k0f
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] xfn cg'dfg u/]adf]lhd cfufdL kRrL; jif{ cyf{t\ ;g\ @)##÷#$ ;Ddsf] k|If]lkt ljB't\
dfu sl/a %,&^( d]ufjf6 x'g] b]lvG5 . g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] tof/ kf/]sf] ljB't\Lo pmhf{sf] k|If]k0f
cg';l" r–# df b]lvOPsf] 5 .
$=@=@ pmhf{ /0fgLltsf] kl/k|]Ioodf

df dfu k|If]k0f
hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]un] tof/ kf/]sf] pmhf{;f| t] /0fgLltn] cf};t ufx{:y pTkfbg %=^ k|ltztsf b/n] a9\b} hfg]
cfFsng ub}{ 3/fo;L k|of]hgsf] OGwgx¿nfO{ klg s]xL xb;Dd ljB't\ pmhf{n] k|lt:yfkg ug]{ cg'dfg
cg';f/sf ljB't\ pmhf{sf] dfu k|If]k0f u/]sf] 5 . h;sf] ljj/0f tflnsf g+= $=! df lbOPsf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= $=! pmhf{ /0fgLltsf] kl/k]|Iodf dfu k|If]k0f
cfly{s jif{ -;g\_ pRrtd dfu -d]ufjf6_

@))% ^!%
@)!% !,%&(
@)@) @,&&#
@)@% %,^@)
@)#) !!,$*)
;|f]tM hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, @)!)
kl/R5]b–$, k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg 27

$=# k|;f/0f nfOg

$=#=! ljBdfg cj:yf
ljB't\ pTkfbg s]Gb|x¿af6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ ef/ s]Gb|x¿;Dd k'¥ofO{ tNnf] ef]N6]hdf ¿kfGt/ u/]/ ljt/0f
nfOgåf/f u|fxsnfO{ ljB't\ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8sf] ¿kdf #%% ;ls{6 ls=ld= ^^ s]=eL= /
!,%^# ;ls{6 ls=ld= !#@ s]=eL= ef]N6]hsf k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8 k"jd{ f
cgf/dl0fb]lv klZrddf dx]Gb|gu/;Dd !#@ s]=eL= Ifdtfsf] 5 . ef]N6]h ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu ## j6f k|;f/0f
;j:6];gx¿sf]] s'n Ifdtf !,#!) Pd=le=P= sf] 5 .
ljB't\ vkt x'g] ef/ s]Gb|x¿ d'Votof sf7df8f},+ jL/uGh / lj/f6gu/ If]qx¿ /x]sf]n] pTkflbt ljB'ts \ f] 7"nf] c+z
log} If]qx¿df vkt x'G5 . oL If]qsf cGo k|;f/0f nfOgdf ;d:of cfO{ l6«k xFb' f 7"nf] Ifdtfsf ljB't\ pTkfbg
s]Gb|x¿ h:t}, sfnLu08sL Pj+ d:of{ªb\ Laf6 pTkflbt k"/} ljB't\ x]6f}8+ f–jb{3f6 eP/ k|jfx x'gk' g]{ ePsfn] pQm
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ x'g cfjZos b]lvG5 . a'6jnb]lv b'xjL tyf cgf/dl0f;Ddsf] k|;f/0f nfOg Hofb}
nfdf] /x]sf] / k"jL{ If]qdf s'g} 7"nf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿ gePsfn] To; If]qsf] k"/} ljB't\ dfu cfk"lt{ ug{ dWo tyf
klZrd If]qdf /x]sf hn ljB't\ s]Gb|x¿jf6 ljB't\ k|jfx ug{' kbf{ To; If]qdf Go"g ef]N6]h x'g uO{ u'0f:t/Lo ljB't\
cfk"lt{df ;d:of x'g] u/]sf] 5 . /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8sf] k|dv
' nfOgx¿sf] ljj/0f lgDgadf]lhd 5g\M
!= !#@ s]=eL= k"j{ klZrd k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ab{3f6–e/tk'/–x]6f}8+ f ;a:6];g v08 / b'xaL–cgf/dl0f v08
afx]s clwsf+z v08df 8an ;ls{6 6fj/ 5 .
@= x]6f}8+ fb]lv b'xaL v08df 8an ;ls{6 h8fg ul/Psf] 5 / afFsL a'6jnb]lv dx]Gb|gu/;Ddsf 8an
;ls{6 6fj/df l;ª\un ;ls{6 h8fg ul/Psf] 5 .
#= ab{3f6–e/tk'/–x]6f}8+ fsf] !#@ s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg Psn ;ls{6 6fj/sf] 5 .
$= d:of{ªb\ L -^( d]ufjf6_ kfj/ xfp;b]lv e/tk'/;Dd !#@ s]=eL= Psn ;ls{6 6fj/sf] k|;f/0f nfOg 5 .
%= dWod:of{ª\bL -&) d]ufjf6_ hnljB't\ s]Gb|bl] v d:of{ª\bL -^( d]ufjf6_ hnljB't\ s]Gb|;Dd 8an
;ls{6 6fj/df l;ª\un ;ls{6 h8fg ul/Psf] !#@ s]=eL= sf] k|;f/0f nfOg 5 .
^= lvDtL -^) d]ufjf6_ / ef]6s] f]zL -#^ d]ufjf6_ hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿ !#@ s]=eL= l;ª\un ;ls{6 6fj/
k|;f/0f nfOg dfkm{t nfdf];f+u' lu|8 ;a:6];gdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ .
&= s'nv
] fgL k|yd -^) d]ufjf6_, lqz'nL -@! d]ufjf6_ / b]jL3f6 -!$ d]ufjf6_ hnljB't\ s]Gb| 8an
;ls{6 ^^ s]=eL, ;'gsf]zL -!) d]ufjf6_ l;u+n ;ls{6 k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf] ljleGg
;a:6];gdf hf]l8Psf 5g\ .
*= sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq ^^ s]=eL= :o'rf6f/–kf6g–afg]Zj/–eStk'/–rfjlxn x'b} b]jL3f6 ljB't u[x–
afnfh'–:o'rf6f/ ;a:6];gdf k|;f/0f nfOg{sf] rqmLo :j¿k agfOPsf] 5 .
$=#=@ k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f of]hgf
/fli6««o k|;f/0f lu|8df gofF ef/ j[l4 tyf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿ yk x'Fbf k|;f/0f nfOg tyf ;a:6];gx¿ yk ug{
cfjZos 5 . xfn lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf ljB't\ u[xx¿af6 pTkflbt ljB't\ k|jfx ug{ k|;f/0f nfOg sf]l/8/ lgdf{0f
ug{ cfjZos b]lvPsf] 5 . ;fy} ljleGg pBf]ux¿nfO{ ljB't\ cfk'lt{ ug{ klg k|;f/0f nfOg cfjZos b]lvPsf]
5 . h;cg';f/ k|:tfljt k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ljj/0f tflnsf $=@ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf g+= $=@ k|:tfljt ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgx¿
cfof]hgf ljj/0f ;DkGg x'g]

ls=ld= ;a:6];g cg'dflgt nfut cfly{s jif{
-?= xhf/df_
!= yfgsf]6–rfkfufpF–eQmk'/ !#@ s]=eL= 28 3 1,876,365 cf=j=)^^÷^&
k|;f/0f nfOg
@= lvDtL–9Ns]j/ @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 70 2 1,577,576 cf=j=)^^÷^&
#= rGb|lgufxk'/ ljB't\ k|0ffNfL ;'b[9Ls/0f × 1 421,200 cf=j=)^^÷^&
$= a'6jn–sf]xnk'/–dx]Gb|gu/ !#@ s]=eL= 308 1 1,380,400 cf=j=)^*÷^(
k|;f/0f nfOg
%= 8'd–]| bdf}nL–d:of{ªb\ L !#@ s]=eL= 44 1 1,330,000 cf=j=)^*÷^(
k|;f/0f nfOg
^= kyn}of !#@ s]=eL= ;a:6];g × 1 488,876 cf=j=)^*÷^(
&= :ofËhf !#@ s]=eL= ;a:6];g × 1 327,500 cf=j=)^*÷^(
*= dftftLy{ !#@ s]=eL= ;a:6];g × 1 482000 cf=j=)^*÷^(
(= rknL !#@ s]=eL= ;a:6];g × 1 1066950 cf=j=)^*÷^(
!)= x]6f}8+ f–e/tk'/ @@) s]=eL k|;f/0f nfOg 70 1 2950549 cf=j=)^*÷^(
!!= /S;f}n–k/jfgLk'/ k|;f/0f nfOg 20 1 374,000 cf=j=)^*÷^(
!@= s6}of–s'zfxf k|;f/0f nfOg 20 1 430,000 cf=j=)^*÷^(
!#= sfj]nL sf]l/8f]/ !#@ s]=eL= 85 3 2,012,000 cf=j=)^(÷&)
k|;f/0f nfOg
!$= e/tk'/–jb{3f6 @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 73 1 2,000,000 cf=j=)^(÷&)
!%= l;Fu6L–nfdf];fu' !#@ s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 40 2 623,500 cf=j=)^(÷&)
!^= d:of{ªb\ L–sf7df8f}+ @@) s]=eL= 85 2 3,500,000 cf=j=)^(÷&)
k|;f/0f nfOg
!&= xfk'/–] t'N;Lk'/ k|;f/0f nfOg 18 2 490,000 cf=j=)^(÷&)
!*= df]bL–n]vgfy k|;f/0f nfOg 45 1 840000 cf=j=)^(÷&)
!(= n]vgfy–bdf}nL @@) s]=eL =k;
| f/0f nfOg 40 1 840,000 cf=j=)^(÷&)

@)= sf]xnk'/–;'vt{] !#@ s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 55 1 840,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!

@!= x]6f}8+ f–9Ns]j/ $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 140 1 3,730,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@@= 9Ns]j/–b'xjL $)) s]=eL=k|;f/0f nfOg 160 1 4,170,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@#= d:of{ª\bL sf]l/8f]/ k|;f/0f nfOg 45 2 950,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@$= ;'gsf];L–bf]nvf sf]l/8f]/ k|;f/0f nfOg 20 2 550,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@%= sf]zL sf]l/8f]/ -a;Gtk'/–s'zfxf_ 90 2 2,840,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
k|;f/0f nfOg
@^= b'xjL–w/fg–wgs'6f–lt/lt/] k|;f/0f nfOg 100 3 1,460,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@&= ;d'b|6f/–gf}lj;] k|;f/0f nfOg 50 2 1,000,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@*= /fd]5fk–uNof{g–lvDtL k|;f/0f nfOg 50 2 790,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
@(= lrlnd]–lqz'nL–uN5L k|;f/0f nfOg 60 2 1010000 cf=j=)&)÷&!
#)= -s_ nDsL–dflyNnf] s0ff{nL k|;f/0f nfOg 60 1 1,010,000 cf=j=)&!÷&@
-v_ a'9Lu+uf–nDsL k|;f/0f nfOg 84 1 1,414,000
#!= sflnu08sL k|;f/0f nfOg sf]l/8f]/ 105 2 3,220,000 cf=j=)&!÷&@
#@= s6f/L–cf]vN9'u+ f–;f]n' k|;f/0f nfOg 70 3 1,120,000 cf=j=)&!÷&@
##= dWo–d:of{ª\bL–dgfª k|;f/0f nfOg 60 1 900,000 cf=j=)&@÷&#
#$= b'xjL–cgf/dl0f $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 80 1 2,420,000 cf=j=)&@÷&#
#%= lvDtL–sf7df8f}+ k|;f/0f nfOg 100 1 2,850,000 cf=j=)&@÷&#
#^= aemfª–lbkfon–cQ/Lof k|;f/0f nfOg 110 2 1,860,000 cf=j=)&#÷&$
#&= ;'vt{] –b}nv
] –h'Dnf k|;f/0f nfOg 110 3 1,570,000 cf=j=)&#÷&$
#*= sflnu08sL–lemd'?s k|;f/0f nfOg 90 2 1,240,000 cf=j=)&#÷&$
#(= x]6f}8+ f–a'6jn $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 160 1 4,170,000 cf=j=)&#÷&$
$)= u'NdL–cwf{vfFrL–rgf}6f k|;f/0f nfOg 60 2 1,160,000 cf=j=)&#÷&$
cfof]hgf ljj/0f ;DkGg x'g]
ls=ld= ;a:6];g cg'dflgt nfut cfly{s jif{
-?= xhf/df_
!= s';d' –xfk'/] !#@ s]=eL= k|=nf= cfof]hgf 22 1 500,500 cf=j=)^*÷^(
@= x]6f}8+ f !#@ s]=eL= tyf k|=nf= cfof]hgf 26 1 276,700 cf=j=)^*÷^(

#= ldr}o{ f–s6f/L !#@ s]=eL=k|=nf= cfof]hgf 20 1 348,400 cf=j=)&)÷&!

$= l;/fxf l;d]G6 k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgf × × × cf=j=)&)÷&!
%= 3f]/fxL l;d]G6 k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgf × × × cf=j=)&)÷&!
^= ;'vt{] l;d]G6 k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgf × × × cf=j=)&)÷&!
&= wflbË l;d]G6 k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgf × × × cf=j=)&)÷&!
*= nlntk'/ l;d]G6 k|;f/0f nfOg cfof]hgf × × × cf=j=)&)÷&!
hDdf 68 3 1,125,600
s'n hDdf 3205 74 73,740,516
dfly plNnlvt k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ / ;a:6];g lgdf{0fsf nflu nfut ?= &# ca{ nfUg] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
$=#=# cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOg
g]kfndf xfn eO/x]sf] ljB't\ ;ª\s6 ;dfwfg ug{ / g]kfn–ef/taLr eljiodf cfjZos kg{ ;Sg] ljB't\ cfbfg–
k|bfg ug{ ;lsg] u/L k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] l8hfOg ug'k{ g]{ 5 . k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ef]N6]h, Sofkfl;6L cflb ljifo
pko'Qm ;dodf lgwf{/0f ug'k{ g]{ 5 . ef/t;Fu ;xdlt sfod u/L $)) s]=eL=df lgDg cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOg
lgdf{0f ul/g] of]hgf klg /flvPsf] 5 .
• 9Ns]j/–d'hkm\/k'/ $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg sl/a !$) ls=ld= x'g]5 / g]kfntkm{ sl/a $) ls=ld= /
x'g]5 . of] k|;f/0f nfOg $)) s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 d'h sG8S6/sf] x'g5] . 9Ns]j/–d'hkm\/k'/ v08af6
sl/a !%)) d]ufjf6 Ifdtf;Ddsf] ljB't\ ef/tdf lgof{t ug{ k|fljlws ¿kn] ;Dej b]lvPsf] 5 . To;}n]
eljiodf ef/ttkm{ ljB't\ lgof{t ug{ c¿ ;Defljt lgof{t laGb'x¿sf] lj:t[t cWoog ug'k{ b{5 .
• g]kfnsf] cfGtl/s lu|8sf] x]6f}8+ f–9Ns]j/ v08df !$) ls=ldsf] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg / 9Ns]j/–
b'xjL v08df !^) ls=ldsf] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ul/g] of]hgf klg /flvPsf] 5 . of]
k|;f/0f nfOg $)) s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 d'h sG8S6/sf] x'g5 ] .
$=$ efjL of]hgf

k|;f/0f nfOgsf] efjL of]hgf d'Vo¿kdf klxrfg ePsf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf tyf ljB't\ vkt s]Gb|x?sf]
cfjZostfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL tof/ ul/Psf] k|;f/0f nfOgsf] :s]dl] 6s 8fou|fd cg';"lr–$ df k|:t't ul/Psf]
5 . nufgLsf] pknAwtf cg';f/ cfof]hgfsf] ljsf; lgdf{0f x'g] x'Fbf k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgdf{0f ub}{ hfg'kg]{
b]lvPsf] 5 . cfufdL kfFr jif{ cfly{s jif{ @)!$÷!% ;Dd lgdf{0f x'g] ck]Iff ul/Psf ljB't\ u[xx¿nfO{ tflnsf
g+= $=# df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljj/0f tyf ef/axg Ifdtf cWoog ubf{ eljiodf cfjZos kg]{
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ljj/0f tn tflnsf g+= $=$ df lbOPsf] 5 .

tflnsf g+ $=# M ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf cfof]hgf, lu|8 ODkfS6 cWoog ;DkGg ePsf cfof]hgf,
g]=lj=k|fsf] lgdf{0ffwLg tyf eljiodf lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljj/0f
qm=;= cfly{s jif{ cfof]hgf Ifdtf -d]ufjf6_
2009/10
1 a/fDrL 3.22
2 dfO vf]nf -lxdfn_ 4.455
3 dfbL{ 3.1
2009/10 hDdf 10.775
2010/1
2010/111
4 a]Nv' 0.32
5 e}/j s'08 3
6 rfs] 0.99
7 rfs] -:t/f]Gglt_ 1.5
8 uf]Nduf8 0.58
9 x]jf 4.455
10 lh/L 0.99
11 tNnf] rfs' 1.765
12 tNnf] OGb|fjtL 4.5
13 tNnf] lkn'jf 0.99
14 dWo rfs' 1.8
15 gf/fo0fL z+s/ jfof]df; 0.6
16 ltgfp 0.99
2010/1
2010/111 hDdf 22.48
201 1/12
2011/12
17 cfFv'–! 6.93
18 rd]lnof 30
19 rgf{jlt 0.98
20 bfKrf /f];L 4.9
21 s'n]vfgL–# 14
22 n8\s' vf]nf 0.7
23 tNnf] GofbL 4.5
24 d}n'ª 5
25 gf}u9 uf9 8.5
26 kmfjf 4.95
27 l;lk|ª 9.658

28 :o"/L 4.95
29 dflyNnf] x'SbL 2.599
30 dflyNnf] k'jf–! 0.985
31 cfFwLvf]nf -:t/f]Gglt_ 4.4
32 lahok"/–! 4.5
33 bf]bL{ 22
34 tNnf] df]bL–! 9.9
35 d8\So" vf]nf 10
36 dLlbd 3
37 gfdfh'g{ dfbL 11.88
38 lkv'jf vf]nf 2.475
39 /fx'3f6 30
40 ?bL vf]nf 3
41 ?bL vf]nf–P 6.8
42 ;]ltvf]nf 0.465
43 dflyNnf] rfs'–P 22
44 dflyNnf] dfbL 19.008
45 dflyNnf] ;f~h]g 11
2012/13 hDdf 160.428
2013/14
46 b/d vf]nf 5
47 b]jL3f6 Sof:s]8 9.6
48 x]jf–P 12
49 vfgLvf]nf 30
50 vfgLvf]nf–! 25
51 tNnf] an]FkmL 18.514
52 tNnf] df]bL 20
53 dfO{ ;fgLdf 15.6
54 dWo df]bL 14.6
55 GofbL 20
56 /fwL 4.4
57 ;f~h]g 35
58 tfbL 5
59 tfbL -yfk]s
{ _ 0.97
61 dflyNnf] Oª\ujf 9.7

62 dflyNnf] lvDtL 12
63 dflyNnf] dfO{ 3.1
64 dflyNnf] dfO{ -:t/f]Gglt_ 6.147
65 ;bL{ vf]nf 3.5
71 dflyNnf] lqz'nL–#P 60
2013/14 hDdf 310.131
2014/15
66 tNnf] ;'gsf]zL–# 10
67 dfbL–! 10
68 d[:tL 42
69 dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL 456
70 dflyNnf] d}nª
' \u–P 5
2014/15 hDdf 523
s'n hDdf 1 125.466
tflnsf g+= $=$ lu|8 ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{ cfjZos k|;f/0f nfOgM

lgdf{0f ;DkGg nfut
qm=;+= cfof]hgf s]sf nflu < x'g] cfly{s jif{ -?= xhf/df_
/ xfnsf] cj:yf
!= lvDtL–9Ns]j/ 8an ;ls{6 dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zLsf] ljB't\ @))(÷!) !,%&&,%&^
@@)s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg, lgsf; ug{sf nflu lgdf{0ffwLg
xfnnfO{ !#@ s]=eL= l;ª\un
;ls{6df rfh{
@= dftflty{–xl/l;l4–eStk'/ !#@ sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf] ljB't\sf] @)!)÷!! !,*&^,#^%
s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 k|;f/0f nfOg dfusf] Joj:yfkg ug{ lgdf{0ffwLg
xfnnfO{ l;ª\un ;ls{6
#= Go' x]6f}8+ f–e/tk'/ @@) s]=eL dflyNnf] ;]tLsf] ljB't\ lgsf; @)!)÷!! @,(%),%$(
k|;f/0f nfOg xfnnfO{ !#@ ug{ / k"j–{ klZrd lu|8
;'b9[ Ls/0fsf nflu lgdf{0ffwLg
s]=eL=df rfh{
$= :ofËhf !#@ s]=eL= #) :yfgLo dfu k"lt{sf nflu @)!!÷!@ #@&,%))
Pd=le=P ;a:6];g
%= d:of{ª\bL–bdf}nL–Go' d:of{ª\bL dWo d:of{ª\bLsf] ljB't\ lgsf; ug{ @)!!÷!@ !,##),)))
!#@ s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0ffwLg
^= e/tk'/–jb{3f6 @@) s]=eL= dflyNnf] ;]tLsf] ljB't\ lgsf; @)!!÷!@ @,))),)))
k|;f/0f nfOg xfnnfO{ !#@ ug{ / k"j–{ klZrd lu|8 lgdf{0ffwLg
s]=eL=df rfh{ ;'b9[ Ls/0fsf nflu
&= a'6jn–sf]xnk'/–dx]Gb|gu/ lu|8 ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu @)!@÷!# !,#*),$))
!#@ s]=eL= bf];|f] ;ls{6 lgdf{0ffwLg
k|;f/0f nfOg

*= x]6f}8+ f–s'nv
] fgL bf];|f–] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleqsf] ljB't\sf] @)!@÷!# $)#,#^#
:o"rf6f/ !#@ s]=eL= bf];|f] dfusf] Joj:yfkg ug{ / ljB't\ lgdf{0ffwLg
;ls{6 k|;f/0f nfOg cfk"lt{sf] u'0f:t/ a9fpg
(= df]bL–n]vgfy k|;f/0f nfOg df]bL vf]nf sf]l/8/df ljsf; ug]{ @)!@÷!# *$),)))
of]hgfdf /x]sf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6
ljB't\ lgsf; ug{ / xfn !#@ s]=eL=
l;ª\un ;ls{6 df]bL kf]v/f k|;f/0f
nfOgdf /x]sf] clwsef/ x6fpg
!)= n]vgfy–bdf}nL k|;f/0f dfbL vf]nf sf]l/8/df ljsf; ug]{ @)!@÷!# *$),)))
nfOg of]hgfdf /x]sf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6
ljB't\ lgsf; ug{ / xfn !#@ s]=eL=
l;ª\un ;ls{6 n]vgfy–bdf}nL k|;f/0f
nfOgdf /x]sf] clwsef/ x6fpg
!!= @@)/!#@ lqz' n L h8fg dflyNnf] lqz'nL #P / #aL sf] @)!#÷!$ !@!),)))
;a:6];g / lqz'nL h8fgb]lv ;fy} lqz'nL If]qdf ljsf; ug]{
dftftLy{ @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg of] h gfdf /x] s f hnljB' t \
;'?df !#@ s]=eL=df rfh{ s]Gb|x¿af6 ljB't\ lgsf; ug{
!@= @@) / !#@ gf}lj;] ;a:6];g d:of{ ª \ b L If] q df ljsf; ug] { @)!#÷!$ #,%)),)))
/ Go" d:of{ªb\ L gf}lj;] dftftLy{of] h gfdf /x] s f hnljB' t \
@@) s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 k|;f/0f s]Gb|x¿af6 ljB't\ lgsf; ug{
nfOg ;'?df l;ª\un ;ls{6
!#= l;Fu6L–nfdf];fu' !#@ s]=eL= lgdf{0ffwLg tfdfsf]zL cfof]hgfsf] @)!#÷!$ ^@#,%))
k|;f/0f nfOg k|jz
] dfu{ l;Fu6L If]qdf ljsf; ug]{
of]hgfdf /x]sf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6
ljB't\ lgsf; ug{
!$= x]6f}8+ f–9Ns]j/–b'xjL @@) s]=eL= dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zLsf] ljB't\ lgsf; @)!#÷!$ #,!%%,!%@
k|;f/0f nfOg !#@ s]=eL=df rfh{ ug{ / k"j–{ klZrd lu|8 ;'b9[ Ls/0f ug{
!%= sfj]nL sf]/L8f]/ !#@ s]=eL= d]rL c~rndf ljsf; ug]{ of]hgfdf @)!#÷!$ @,)!@,)))
k|;f/0f nfOg /x]sf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6 ljB't\
lgsf; ug{
!^= !#@ / ## s]=eL= ;d'b|6f/ ;d'b6| f/ If]qdf ljsf; ug]{ of]hgfdf @)!#÷!$ !,))),)))
;a:6];g / ;d'b|6f/–gf}lj;] /x]sf hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6 ljB't\
k|;f/0f nfOg lgsf; ug{
!&= Go' df]bL ;a:6];g, s':df df]bL / sfnL u08sL If]qdf ljsf; @)!$÷!% $,)(),)))
h8fg, bfgf h8fg, Go" a'6jn ug]{ of]hgfdf /x]sf hnljB't\
;a:6];g / Go" df]bL–s':df !#@ s]Gb|x¿af6 ljB't\ lgsf; ug{
s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 k|;f/0f nfOg
s':df h8fg–bfgf h8fg, !#@
s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 k|;f/0f nfOg,
s':df h8fg–Go" a'6jn @@)
s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 k|;f/0f
s'n nfut @(,!!^,$)%

dflysf] ljZn]if0f cg';f/ cf=a=@)!$/!% ;Dd ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf cfof]hgf, lu|8 k|0ffnL k|efj
cWoog ;DkGg ePsf cfof]hgf, g]=la=k|fsf] lgdf{0ffwLg tyf eljiodf lgdf{0f ug{ nfu]sf] cfof]hgfx¿af6
pTkfbg x'g] hnljB't\nfO{ k|;f/0f ug]{ Ifdtfsf] k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ / ;a:6];g agfpg] nfut ?= @( ca{
cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
$=% k|:tfljt /fli6«o k|;f/0f nfOg

xfn g]kfnsf] /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8 !#@ s]=eL=sf] 5 . @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ lgdf{0ffwLg cj:yfdf 5g\ .
cf=j= @)!$ / @)!% ;Dd ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf ePsf cfof]hgf, lu|8 k|0ffnL k|efj cWoog ;DkGg ePsf
cfof]hgf, g]=la=k|f=sf] lgdf{0ffwLg tyf eljiodf lgdf{0f x'g nfu]sf] cfof]hgfx¿sf] cfwf/df lu|8 ;'b[9Ls/0f ug{
cfjZos k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ tflnsf g+ $=$ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . oL k|;f/0f nfOgx¿af6 cfufdL aL; aif{df
@% xhf/ d]ufjf6sf] ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{] / k|To]s g]kfnLnfO{ ljB't\ ;]jf pknAw u/fpg ;Dej x'Fbg} . o;sf
nflu ljBdfg k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] of]hgfdf klg Jofks lj:tf/ / ;'wf/ ug{' kg]{ x'G5 . k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Ifdtf
lgwf{/0f ubf{ ljB't\ pTkfbg u[xaf6 pTkfbg ePsf] ljB'tn \ fO{ ljB't\ dfu s]Gb|;Dd k'¥ofpg ;Sg];Ddsf] Ifdtfsf]
lgwf{/0f ug'k{ b{5 . xfn hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] tof/ u/]sf] /fli6«o pmhf{ /0fgLltsf]] dfu k|If]k0f
cg';f/ cfufdL @) jif{df g]kfnsf] pRrtd ljB't\ dfu sl/a !!,$*) d]ufjf6sf] xf/fxf/Ldf /xg]bl] vG5 . o;/L
dfu k|If]k0f ubf{ cfufdL @) jif{df 3/]n' k|of]hgsf nflu vkt x'g] ;Dk"0f{ pmhf{nfO{ ljB't\n] lj:yfkg ug]{
dfgssf cfwf/df ul/Psf] 5 . /fli6«o nIocg';f/ cfufdL @) jif{df pTkfbg ug{] of]hgfdf /x]sf @% xhf/
d]ufjf6 ljB't\ ;a} b]zleq dfq vkt ug{ ;Dej xFb' g} . o;/L pTkfbg ul/Psf] ljB't\ l5d]sL b]z ef/tdf klg
lgof{t ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtfsf] k|;f/0f nfOgsf] vfsf tof/ ug'k{ b{5 . xfn k|rngdf cfPsf ljleGg k|;f/0f
nfOgx¿sf] Ifdtfsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f tn tflnsf g+= $=% df pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf g+= $=% ljleGg k|;f/0f nfOgsf] tfkLo Ifdtf
ef]N6]h :t/ sG8S6/ tfkLo Ifdtf tfkLo Ifdtf ;dfgfGt/ k|;f/0f ;dfgfGt/ k|;f/0f
-Pd=le=P_ -d]=jf_ nfOg gx'Fbf k|;f/0f nfOg x'Fbf k|;f/0f
nfOgsf] ef/jxg Ifdtf nfOgsf] ef/jxg Ifdtf
132 s]=eL= ljo/ 142 134.9 80.94 94.43
220 s]=eL= @ la;g 569 540.55 324.33 378.385
220 s]=eL= @ d'h 683 648.85 389.31 454.195
400 s]=eL= @ d'h 1243 1180.85 708.51 826.595
dfly tflnsfdf pNn]v eP cg';f/ !#@ s]=eL= / @@) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 k|;f/0f ug]{ Ifdtf a9Ldf
() / $#) d]ufjf6 /x]sf] 5 . t;y{ /fli6«o nIo cg';f/ pTkflbt ljB't\ ljBdfg !#@ s]=eL= / @@) s]=eL=
k|;f/0f nfOgaf6 k|;f/0f ug{ ;Dej gx'g] ePsfn] eljiodf !#@ s]=eL= / @@) s]=eL=sf] k|;f/0f nfOgnfO{ d'Vo
6«Í k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ¿kdf /fVg plrt x'Fbg} . t/ ;fgf tyf demf}nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfaf6 pTkflbt
ljB'tn
\ fO{ /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8sf] d'Vo nfOgdf hf]8g / glhssf] ef/ s]Gb|x¿df ljB't\ ljt/0f / k|;f/0f ug{sf
nflu ;xfos k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ¿kdf k|of]u ug{ eg] ;lsG5 .

cfufdL jif{x¿df lgdf{0f ul/g] ljB't\ u[xx¿ g]kfnsf] ljleGg If]qx¿df /xg]5g\ . To;} u/L ef/ s]Gb|x¿ klg
b]zsf ljleGg efudf km}lnP/ /xg]5g\ . Jofjxfl/s ¿kdf pTkflbt ljB't\ ghLssf] ef/ s]Gb|x¿df klxn] vkt
x'G5 / a9L ePsf] ljB't\ dfq csf]{ efudf k|;f/0f ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 .
g]kfnsf] Ps efuaf6 csf]{ efudf cfGtl/s ljB't\ dfu k"lt{ ug{ ;fy} ef/tdf ljB't\ cfbfg k|bfg ug{ Pp6f
;ls{6df sl/a &)) d]ufjf6 hlt ljB't\ k|;f/0f ug]{ nfOgaf6 g} ;Dej x'g5 ] . To;}n] cfufdL aL; jif{df kRrL;
xhf/ d]ufjf6 pTkflbt ljB'tn \ fO{ k|;f/0f ug{sf nflu $)) s]=eL= sf] k|;f/0f nfOg pko'Qm b]lvPsfn] ;f] cg';f/
k|;f/0f nfOg k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . x/]s gbL a]l;gdf pQ/–blIf0f k|;f/0f nfOgsf] sf]l/8f]/sf] kl/sNkgf ul/Psf]
5 . k|f/Dedf @ x $)) s]=eL= l8=;L= Sjf8 ;+/rgf jf + *)) s]=eL=, Pr=le=l8=;L= afO kf]n nfOg kof{Kt b]lvG5 .
g]kfnsf] k"jd{ f cgf/dl0fb]lv klZrddf dx]Gb|gu/;Dd sl/a *$% ls=ld= sf] $)) s]=eL= Ifdtfsf] 8an ;ls{6
k|;f/0f nfOg, ljBdfg !#@ s]=eL= k"j{ klZrd nfOgsf] ;dfgfGt/ ljsf; ug]{ nIo /flvPsf] 5 . of] k|;f/0fsf]
nfOgsf] lj:t[t ljj/0f lgDgadf]lhd 5 .
tflnsf g+= $=^ k|:tfljt k"j{–klZrd $)) s]=eL= nfOgsf] ljj/0f
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ljj/0f nDafO -ls=ld_ cg'dflgt nfug -? s/f]8dfdf_
!= dx]Gb|gu/–nDsL !)% %^%
@= nDsL–a'6jn @)) *(!
#= a'6jn–x]6f}8+ f !^) &$(
$= x]6f}8+ f–9Ns]j/ !$) &@)
%= 9Ns]j/–b'xaL !^) &$(
^= b'xaL–cgf/dl0f *) $^$
hDdf *$% $!#*
clwsf+z hnljB't\ u[x dWo kxf8L / kxf8L If]qdf kg]{ ePsfn] ljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6 pTkflbt ljB't\ pQm d"n
k|;f/0f nfOgdf hf]8\gsf nflu dWo kxf8L If]qsf] b}n]v, sfnLu08sL, d:of{ª\bL, lvDtL, wgs'6f, Onfdsf]
jl/kl/ If]qdf ^ :yfgdf $)) s]=eL=h8fg ;j:6];g /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . of] $)) s]=eL= h8fg :6];gdf
glhssf hnljB't\ s]Gb|af6 pTkfbg ul/Psf ljB't\nfO{ lgsf;sf nflu hnljB't\ s]Gbsf] Ifdtfcg';f/
$)) s]=eL=, @)) s]=eL=, !#@ s]=eL=sf] k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f u/L s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f nfOgdf cfa4 ul/g] of]hgf
ul/Psf] 5 . ;fy} cfGtl/s ljB't\ dfusf] k"lt{sf nflu / ljB't\sf] u'0f:t/ tyf ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf] ljZjgLotf
a9fpg cfjZostf cg';f/ @)) s]=eL=sf] k|;f/0f nfOg dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{sf] ;dfgfGt/ ljsf; ug]{ of]hgf
ul/Psf] 5 .
b]zsf] ljleGg efudf ljB't\ k|;f/0f, ljt/0f / lgof{t ug{sf nflu k"j{ cgf/dl0fb]lv klZrd dx]Gb|gu/ aLrdf
kg]{ dx]Gb|gu/, sf]xnk'/, a'6jn, e/tk'/, 9Ns]af/, b'xaL, cgf/dl0f;Dd ;ft :yfgdf $)) s]=eL= sf] h8fg
;a:6];g /xg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
s0ff{nL a]l;gaf6 pTkflbt ljB'tn \ fO{ k|:tfljt $)) s]=eL=sf] sf]xnk'/ ;a:6];gdf cfa4 ug{ b}nv
] cf;kf;sf]
If]qdf $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];g lgdf{0f u/L sf]xnk'/ ;a:6];g;Dd sl/a !)) ls=ld= nDafOsf] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f
nfOg;d]t lgdf{0f ug{' kg]b{ l] vG5 . sf]xnk'/b]lv ef/tsf] nvgpdf ljB't\ cfbfg k|bfg ug{ g]kfnL e"efudf
sl/a #) ls=ld= nDafOsf] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{k' b{5 .

sfnLu08sL If]qaf6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ k|:tfljt $)) s]=eL=sf] a'6jn ;a:6];gdf cfa4 ug{ sfnL
u08sL jl/kl/sf] If]qdf $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];g lgdf{0f u/L ;f] ;a:6];gb]lv a'6jn ;a:6];g;Dd sl/a
!)) ls=ld nDafOsf] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{' kg]{b]lvG5 . oxfFaf6 ef/t;Fu ljB't\ cfbfg
k|bfg ug{ g]kfnL e"efudf sl/a @@ ls=ld= nDafOsf] j'6jn–;'gf}nL $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{
cfjZos b]lvG5 .
d:of{ªb\ L If]qaf6 pTkflbt ljB'tn

\ fO{ k|:tflat $)) s]=eL= sf] e/tk'/ ;a:6];gdf cfa4 ug{ d:of{ªb\ L jl/kl/sf]
If]qdf $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];g lgdf{0f u/L ;f] ;a:6];gb]lv e/tk'/ ;a:6];g;Dd sl/a !)) ls=ld= nDafOsf]]
$)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{k' b{5 .
tfdfsf]zL jl/kl/sf] If]qaf6 pTkflbt ljB'tn \ fO{ $)) s]=eL= sf] 9Ns]af/ ;a:6];gdf cfa4 ug{ lvDtL jl/kl/sf]
If]qdf $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];g lgdf{0f u/L ;f] ;a:6];gb]lv 9Ns]af/ ;a:6];g;Dd sl/a !)) ls=ld= nDafOsf]]
$)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{' kg]{ b]lvG5 . ef/t;Fu ljB't\ cfbfgk|bfg ug{ g]kfnL e"–efudf sl/a #)
ls=ld= nDafOsf]] 9Ns]j/–leQfdf]8 $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug'k{ b{5 .
k"jL{ g]kfnsf] wgs'6f jl/kl/sf]] If]qaf6 pTkflbt ljB'tn
\ fO{ $)) s]=eL= sf] b'xaL ;a:6];gdf cfa4 ug{ wgs'6f
jl/kl/sf] If]qdf $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];g lgdf{0f u/L ;f] ;a:6];gb]lv b'xaL ;a:6];g;Dd sl/a !)) ls=ld= nDafOsf]]
$)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{' kg]{ cfjZostf b]lvG5 . b'xaLb]lv ef/t;Fu ljB't\ cfbfgk|bfg ug{ g]kfnL
e"–efudf sl/a #) ls=ld= nDafOsf]] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug'k{ b{5 .
k"jL{ g]kfns} Onfd jl/kl/sf]] If]qaf6 pTkflbt ljB't\nfO{ $)) s]=eL= sf] cgf/dl0f ;a:6];gdf cfa4 ug{
Onfd jl/kl/sf] If]qdf $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];g lgdf{0f u/L ;f] ;a:6];gb]lv cgf/dl0f ;a:6];g;Dd sl/a
!)) ls=ld= nDafOsf]] $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug'{k5{ .
tflnsf g+= $=& k|:tfljt pQ/–blIf0f $)) s]=eL= nfOgsf] ljj/0f
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ljj/0f nDafO -ls=ld_ cg'dflgt nfug

-?= s/f]8dfdf_
!= s0ff{nL a]l;g–b}nv
] –sf]xnk'/–nvgp !#) ^*(
@= sfnL–u08sL If]q–a'6jn–;'gf}nL !@@ ^$^
#= d:of{ª\bL If]q–e/tk'/ !)) %#)
$= lvDtL–9Ns]j/–leQfdf]8 !#) ^*(
%= wgs'6f–b'xaL–ef/tsf] If]q !#) &$(
hDdf ^!@ ##)#
dflysf] ljZn]if0f cg';f/ /fli6«o nIo cg';f/ cfufdL @) jif{df pTkflbt ljB't\ k|;f/0f ug{ $)) s]=eL= Ifdtfsf]
/fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8sf] d'Vo nfOg lgdf{0f ug{ sl/a ## ca{ nfut cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .

/fli6«o nIocg';f/ pTkflbt ljB't\ k|;f/0f, ljt/0f ug{ cfjZos ;+/rgf tnsf] nfOg 8fOu|fddf k|:t't
u/LPsf] 5 .
rq g+ $=! k|;f/0f nfOgsf txut kl/b[Zo
lrq
k|;f/0f nfOg h8fg x'g] lu|8 k|0ffnL k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Ifdtfsf cfwf/df txut juL{s/0f
$)) lsnf]ef]N6sf]
pRr ef]N6]hsf] k|fOd/L 6«ª\s k|;f/0f nfOg
k|;f/0f nfOg
@@) lsnf] ef]N6sf]

pRr ef]N6]hsf] ;]sG] 8/L k|;f/0f nfOg
k|;f/0f nfOg
!#@ lsnf] ef]N6sf]

k|;f/0f nfOg
pRr ef]N6]hsf] d'Vo k|;f/0f nfOg
^^ lsnf] ef]N6sf]
k|;f/0f nfOg
## lsnf] ef]N6sf]
k|;f/0f nfOg lgDg ef]N6]hsf] ;xfos k|;f/0f nfOg
!! lsnf] ef]N6sf]
pRr ef]N6]hsf] ljt/0f nfOg
ljt/0f nfOg
$=^ clglZrttf
of]hgfsf] cjlwdf w]/} clglZrtf klg x'g] ub{5g\ . h:t}, ljB't\ s]Gb|sf] ;do / Ifdtf kl/jt{gdf jftfj/0fLo,
cfly{s, k|fljlws tyf ljQLo ;d:of . ljB't\sf] dfudf kl/jt{g, ljt/0f k|0ffnLsf] lj:tf/ cflbsf sf/0fn]
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Ifdtf / ef]N6]hsf] :t/, 6fj/ sG8S6/ cflbsf] 5gf}6, 6«flGhoG6 / 8fOgflds :6flaln6L,
l/oflS6e kfj/ sDk]G;];gdf cflb kIfsf] ;do–;dodf cWoog u/L kl/dfh{g ul//fVg'kg]{ x'G5 .

$=& k|;f/0f nfOg tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg ;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿
!_ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] k|:tfljt of]hgf d'Vo ¿kdf dfu k|If]k0f / k|:tfljt ljB't\ pTkfbgsf] kl/df0fdf e/ k/]
tfklg k|:tfljt ljB't\ u[xx¿sf] lglZrt cal:ylt / ljB't\ lgsf;f of]hgfsf] cefj x'g' .
qm=;=+ ug'k{ g]{ sfo{ s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug{] < pknlAwsf] kl/;"rs
!= ;Defljt hnljB't\ s_ ;Defljt hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] g]=lj=kf| = ;Defljt hnljB't\
cfof]hgfaf6 ljB't\ lj:t[t ljj/0f tof/ kfg]{ . cfof]hgfsf ljB't\
lgsf;f of]hgfsf] v_ ;f] ljj/0fcg';f/ ljleGg ljB't\ lgsf; lgsf; laGb' lgwf{/0f
cWoog ug]{ of]hgfsf l:sdx¿ tof/ kfg]{ . x'g]
u_ ;f] OEofs'o;g l:sdnfO{ df]8lnª
u/L ef/ axfj cWoog ug]{ .
3_ pQm cWoogsf] kl/0ffdsf] cfwf/df
;Defljt hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] kfj/
OEofs'o;g laGb' lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
@_ dfu k|If]k0f / efjL ljB't\ pTkfbg nIoaLrdf tfnd]n gx'g' .

!= Dffu k|If]k0f s_ xfnsf] pmhf{sf] dfu / eljiodf pmhf{ dGqfno Dffu k|If]k0f cfwf/df
cfwf/df dfq x'g ;Sg] pmhf{sf] pRrtd dfusf] dfq efjL ljB't\ pTkfbg
efjL ljB't\ cfwf/df ljB't' \sf] dfu k|If]k0f ug]{ . nIo to x'g] .
pTkfbg nIo to v_ dfu k|If]k0f ubf{ b]zsf] cfly{s
ug]{ . j[l4b/sf] pRrtd, dWod / Go"gtd
a'l4b/sf] cfwf/ lng] .
#_ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] cefjdf :jtGq pmhf{ pTkfbsx¿sf] dfuadf]lhd ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{ g;Sg' .
!= :jtGq pmhf{ s_ lghL If]qsf ljB't\ pTkfbsx¿sf] pmhf{ dGqfno k|;f/0f nfOgsf]
pTkfbsx¿sf] dfu hnljB't\ u[xsf] k|;f/0f nfOgsf] cefjdf cl3 ga9]sf
adf]lhd ljB't\ cfjZostfsf] PsLs[t cWoog u/L cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljB't\
vl/b ;Demf}tf ug{] k|;f/0f nfOg;DaGwL of]hgf tof/ vl/b ;Demf}tf x'g] .
ug]{
v_ o;/L tof/ ul/Psf] of]hgfcg';f/
lgdf{0f ug{ nfluPsf] k|;f/0f nfOgdf
nfUg] nfutdf ;xefuL x'g] Joj:yf
ug]{
u_ of]hgf cg';f/ ljleGg df]8n h:t}
;/sf/L, lghL–;/sf/L ;fem]bf/L,
ljb]zL bft[ lgsfo;d]tsf] ;xof]udf
lgdf{0f ug]{ .

$_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f x'bF } hfg]qmddf dfu / kofK{t k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ;fdf~h:otfsf] cefjdf ljB't\ v]/
hfg] cj:yf /xg' .
!= Af9L ePsf] ljB't\ s_ ljB't\sf] dxz'nsf] b/df nrstf pmhf{ dGqfno ljB't\ v]/ hfg] cj:yf
pkof]u ug]{ of]hgf NofP/ ljB't\sf] vkt a9fpg] . gcfpg] .
/ cfwf/ tof/
kfg]{ . v_ ljB't\sf] lgof{tsf nflu cfjZos
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] k"jf{wf/x¿ tof/L
ug]{ .
%_ :yfgLo hgtfsf] /f]sfj6sf sf/0f k|;f/0f nfOg :t/f]Gglt / lgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg' .
!= :yfgLo hgtfsf] \ f] k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ;DaGwL pmhf{ dGqfno
s_ ljB'ts ljB't\ v]/ hfg] cj:yf
/f]sfa6 x6fpg] sfddf /fhgLlts ;xdltsf] jftfj/0f gcfpg] .
agfpg] .
v_ ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgnfO{ /fli6«o
dxTjsf] cfof]hgf 3f]if0ff u/L
sfo{:yndf zflGt ;'/Iffsf] ljz]if
Joj:yf ug]{ .
u_ ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgsf cfof]hgf
lgdf{ 0 f ubf{ :yfgLo hgtfsf]
nfesf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
^_ cGt/f{li6«o k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Ifdtf / cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOgsf] h8fg laGb' / ljlwsf] lgwf{/0f gx'g' .
!= /fli6«o k|;f/0f s_ xfn / eljiodf l5d]sL b]z / pmhf{ dGqfno cGt/f{li6«o k|;f/0f
nfOgsf] Ifdtf / g]kfnsf] aLrdf s]–slt ljB't\ nfOgsf] Ifdtf, h8fg
cGt/ b]zLo cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ eGg] ljifodf laGb' / ljlwsf]
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] k|fljlws cWoog u/L lgwf{/0f ug]{ . lgwf{/0f x'g]
h8fg laGb' / v_ ljB't\ cfbfg k|bfg ug]{ laGb"x¿
ljlwsf] lgwf{/0f k|fljlws cWoog u/L lgwf{/0f ug]{ .
ug]{ .
u_ b'O{ b]zaLrsf] lu|8 h8fgsf] df]8n,
ljlw / k|ljlwsf] cWoog u/L lgwf{/0f
ug]{ .

&_ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos ljQLo cefj /xg' .

!= k|;f/0f nfOgsf] s_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf nufgL ug{ pmhf{ dGqfno k|;f/0f nfOgsf]
lgdf{0fsf nflu tof/ /x]sf] lghL If]qsf] sDkgLsf] lgdf{0fsf nflu k|ofKt
ljQLo Joj:yf ug]{ nufgL k|;f/0f nfOgsf] lgdf{0fdf ljQLo Joj:yf x'g] .
;d]t cfslif{t ug]{ .
v_ ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOg agfpg ;/sf/n]
j}bl] zs cg'bfg / ;x'lnot C0fsf]
Joj:yf ug]{ .
u_ ef/tdf lgsf;L x'g] ljB't\sf nflu
;dlk{t cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu k|;f/0f
nfOg ef/tLo nufgLdf x'g] jftfj/0f
agfpg] .
*_ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] of]hgf tyf lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos k|fljlws hgzlQm cefj /xg' .
!= k|;f/0f nfOgsf] s_ ;DalGwt If] q df cWoog tyf s_ ljZjljBfno k|;f/0f nfOgsf]
lgdf{0fsf nflu cg';Gwfg ug{ ljBdfg ljZjljBfno, v_ lghL If]q lgdf{0fsf nflu
cfjZos k|fljlws k|fljlws k|lti7fgx¿nfO{ k|fT] ;fxg cfjZos k|fljlws
hgzlQm tof/ ug{ ToxfF cWoog/t ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ hgzlQm tof/ x'g] .
ug]{ . hnljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgsf] /f]oN6L
jfktsf] cfDbfgLsf] oyf]lrt lx:;f
5fqj[lQ, ;f]wj[lQ / eQfsf] Joj:yf
ug]{ .
v_ ljb]zL k/fdz{bftf jf 7]s]bf/n]
g]kfnleq sfd ubf{ clgjfo{ g]kfnL
OlGhlgo/nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{
afWosf/L Joj:yf u/]sf] cj:yfdf
dfq k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f nfO;]G;
k|bfg ug]{ .
$=* lgisif{
cfufdL aL; jif{df kRrL; xhf/ d]ufjf6 pTkflbt ljB't\ k|;f/0f ug{sf nflu d'Vo 6«Í nfOg $)) s]=eL=sf]
tyf d'Vo k|;f/0f nfOg @@) s]=eL= / !#@ s]=eL= sf] x'g] k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 . $)) s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOgsf] dfu{
/]vfÍg / $)) s]=eL= ;a:6];gsf] cjl:ylt lj:t[t cWoogkl5 lgwf{/0f ug'k{ g]5 { . ^^ s]=eL=sf] ljBdfg
k|0ffnLnfO{ qmlds ?kdf km]h cfp6 ub}{ hfg] / gofF ^^ s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f gug{ k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
cfof]hgf ljsf;sf] ;Defjgf / lu|8 k|0ffnLsf] ljZj;gLotf, clK6dfOh];g cflb tYonfO{ Wofgdf /fv]/ klZrddf
rd]lnof hnljB't\ cfof]hgf / k"jd{ f sfj]nL hnljB't\ cfof]hgfnfO{ hf]8g\ ] u/L @@) s]eL 8jn ;ls{6 k|;f/0f

nfOgsf] lgdf{0f ug'k{ g]5

{ . o; k|;f/0f nfOgnfO{ ;'b/" klZrdsf] dxfsfnL ;Ldfdf /x]sf] nfnk'/ u8\8f rf}sLb]lv
cgf/dl0f emfkf k|;f/0f nfOgsf] ;j:6];gdf cfa4 ug{ cfjZos 5 . x/]s ^)–&) ls=ld=sf] km/sdf cfjZostf
cg';f/ @@) s]=eL= jf !#@ / ## sf] ;a:6];g lgdf{0f ug'k{ b{5 .
ljB't\sf] u'0f:t/ tyf ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf] ljZj;gLotf /fHosf] ;ª\3Lo :j¿kdf k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] Joj:yfkg
h:tf cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L cfGtl/s dfusf] k"lt{sf nflu dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{sf] ;dfgfGt/ @@) s]=eL=
sf] d'Vo k|;f/0f nfOg lgdf{0f ug{ pko'Qm b]lvPsf] 5 .
hn ljB't\ s]b|af6 ljB't\ s'g ef]N6]h :t/df pTkfbg u/]/ /fli6«o lu|8df k|;f/0f ug]{ eGg] s'/f lj:t[t ljB't\
lgsf; cWoog u/]kl5 lgwf{/0f ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf nflu ef/ k|i] f0f cWoog ug{ cfjZos kb{5 . k|;f/0f
nfOg lgdf{0f ug{ rflxg] cfjZos k"jf{wf/ g]kfn ;/sf/n] of] If]q;Fu ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu ldn]/ tof/
ul/lbg'kb{5 .
ljB'ts\ f] k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] of]hgf;DaGwdf ljB't\ cfoft lgof{tsf] cfjZostf tyf ;fs{ If]qLo kfj/ lu|8sf]
;DefjgfnfO{{ klg Wofgdf /flvPsf] 5 . k|;f/0f nfOg lj:tf/sf nflu ef/tsf] ljB't\ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf]
cj:yf;d]t ljrf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 . o; ;Gb{enfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ ubf{ cfoft lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu agfOg]
k|;f/0f nfOgsf nflu k|To]s gbL a]l;gdf slDtdf klg Pp6f h8fg ef/ttkm{sf] k|:tfljt h8fg ;a:6];gdf
cfa4 x'gu] /L of]hgf agfOPsf] 5 . o; cWoogdf ;fs{ kfj/ lu|8sf] cjwf/0ff, ef/tdf pknAw cGo pmhf{sf
;|ft] -yd{n, Go'lSno/_ af6 pTkflbt ljB't\sf] cfoft tyf g]kfndf pTkflbt ljB't\sf] lgof{t, ef/tLo ljB't\
k|0ffnL;Fu g]kfnsf] ljB't\ k|0ffnLnfO{ cfj4 u/L ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg] k|fjwfg tyf dWo kxf8L /fhdfu{sf]
pknAwtfn] k"j–{ klZrdsf] yk k|;f/0f nfOg -rd]lnof–sfa]nL_ @@) s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6;lxtsf] k|;f/0f
nfOgsf] cfjZostf tyf x/]s gbL a]l;gdf pknAw cfof]hgfx?nfO{ Pp6} k|;f/0f nfOgdfkm{t ljB't\ k|jfx
u/fpg] k|fjwfg, pTkfbg s]Gb|df /x]sf l:jrof8{af6 g} :yfgLo:t/df ljB't\ pknAw u/fOg'kg]{ cj:yfnfO{ o;
k|;f/0f k|0ffnL of]hgfsf] cfwf/ agfOPsf] 5 . k|;f/0f nfOgsf] Ifdtf ef]N6]h / k|sl[ t–cN6/g]l6ª s/]G6 cyjf
pRr ef]N6]h 8fO/]S6 s/]G6 ;docg';f/ kl/df{lht ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . o;n] ubf{ xfnsf] cjlw -@) jif{_ sf nflu
k|:tfljt k|0ffnLsf] k|f¿k cg';l" rdf /flvP cg'¿k x'G5 . k|f¿k cg';l" rr–$
–$ df k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .
lgof{t cfoft k|of]hgsf nflu cfjZos k|;f/0f nfOgsf] cf};t nDafO #)) lsldeGbf a9L x'g] b]lvG5 .
ef/t tkm{sf] k'ln+u :6];g / k|0ffnL ;'b[9Ls/0f nufotsf sfo{sf nflu ef/tsf] kfj/ lu|8 skf]{/];g /
s]Gb|Lo ljB't\ k|flws/0f;Fu ;dGjo /fVg'kg]{ x'G5 . g]kfnsf] k|0ffnL lj:tf/df kfj/ lu|8 skf]{/];g
lnld6]8sf] k|fljlws ;xof]usf nflu kxn ug{ plrt x'g]5 . ljleGg lghL If]q;d]tsf] nufgLdf cfof]hgf
lgdf{0f eO/x]sfn] s]xL dfkb08x? tf]lsg'kg]{ cfjZos 5 . ;a:6];gsf] lgdf{0f, l;+un ;ls{6 a|]s/ tyf
6«fG;km/ af/sf] n]cfp6nfO{ cGoyf gug]{, k|;f/0f nfOgsf 6fj/x? ;]Nkm ;kf]l6{ª Nofl6; l:6nnfO{
pkof]u ug]{ / dWo kxf8L k|;f/0f nfOgnfO{ @@) s]=eL= 8an ;ls{6 ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . lghL nufgL stf{n]
lgdf{0f ug{ vf]h]sf k|;f/0f nfOg afx]ssf cGt/b]zLo k|;f/0f nfOgsf] :jfldTj g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fdf
lglxt x'g' plrt x'g]5 .
k|;f/0f k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng, ;Def/ / lgdf{0fsf nflu k|;f/0f nfOg OsfOsf] :yfkgf ug'k{ g]{ x'G5 . k|f/lDes
cj:yfdf kfj/ PS;r]Gh, 6«8] , / l;:6d ck/]6/sf] sfd;d]t ug'{ u/fpg'kg]{ b]lvG5 . kfj/ lu|8nfO{
;fj{hlgs ;+:yfdf g} /fVg] gLltut Joj:yf sfod} /fVg'kg]5 { .
cfoft÷lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0f x'g] lnª\sx? :jzfl;t ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfaf6 g} u/fpFbf lgdf{0f ;Dej
x'g] / To;sf] cgfjZos Jooef/ lghL If]qn] lng' gkg]{ / ;a} cfoft÷lgof{tstf{n] pQm nfOgdf k|jz
] kfpg
cj;/ /xg] x'Fbf :jzfl;t ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfsf] ;+nUgtf a9fpFb} n}hfg' cfjZos 5 .

kl/R5]b %
j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g
%=! e"ldsf
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] b'ik|efj b]lvg yfn]kl5 ljZjJofkL ¿kd} k]6f« l] nod / sf]Onfh:tf pmhf{sf ;|ft] sf] ;§fdf
jftfj/0f / dfgj hLjgnfO{ k|lts"n k|efj gkfg]{ j}slNks pmhf{sf ;|ft] sf] k|of]u / k|j4{gdf hf]8 lbg yflnPsf]
5 . g]kfndf klg hnljB't\ jfx]s cGo j}slNks tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;Defjgf k|r/" dfqfdf /x]sf] 5 . b]zsf]
ef}uf]lns cj:yfn] ubf{ ;a} 3/w"/Ldf /fli6«o lu|8af6 nfOg lj:tf/ ug{ c;Dej k|foM b]lvG5 . o;}n] u|fdL0f b'ud{
e]udf :jR5 pmhf{ k'/o\ fpg gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ Ps dfq ljsNk xf] .
g]kfndf ljsf; ug{ ;lsg] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf k|dv
' ;|ft] x¿ lgDgfg';f/ /x]sf 5g\ –
s_ ;f}o{ tfkLo tyf ljB't\
v_ e"tfkLo
u_ jfof] Uof;
3_ h}ljs /flz
ª_ h}ljs OGwg
r_ jfo'pmhf{
5_ n3' hnljB't\
b]zleq gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf] k|z:t ;Defjgf 5 / pmhf{df u|fdL0f hgtfsf] kx'Fr, pmhf{sf]
;'/Iff cflb ;jfndf klg gjLs/0fLo tyf j}slNks pmhf{sf] dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf 5 . a9\b} uO/x]sf] k]6«fl] nod
kbf{ysf] cfoft 36fpg, lbuf] ¿kdf k|of]u x'g g;s]sf] h}ljs /flz / cfwf/e"t pmhf{sf] dfusf] cfk"lt{sf nflu
klg j}slNks pmhf{ cfjZos 5 . g]kfndf j}slNks pmhf{sf] ljsf;, k|j4{g / k|of]unfO{ b|t" ultdf n}hfg
k|fyldstfsf ;fy of]hgfa4 9ª\un] cufl8 a9fpg cfjZos eO;s]sf] 5 .
tflnsf %=! j}slNks pmhf{sf] xfn;Ddsf] pkof]usf] cj:yf
pmhf{ k|ljlw xfnsf] pTkfbg nfeflGjt kl/jf/ ;+Vof k|of]u
3/]n' ;f}o{ pmhf{ @ d]ufjf6 @ nfv aQL afNg
3/]n' uf]j/ Uof; $%) d]ufjf6 @ nfv !& xhf/ vfgf ksfpg / aQL afNg
n3' hnljB't\ !% d]ufjf6 @ nfv aQL afNg / ;;fgf 3/]n'
;'wfl/Psf] 3§ % d]ufjf6 pBf]u ;~rfng ug{
;'wfl/Psf] r'nf] # nfv vfgf ksfpg
;|ft] M j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
kl/R5]b–%, j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{g 44

%=@ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;Defjgf

s_ ;f}o{ pmhf{
pQ/L uf]nf4{sf] @# l8u|Lsf] cf;kf;df /x]sf]n] g]kfnsf w]/} h;f] e"efudf k|ltju{ dL6/df $–% lsnf]jf6
306f;Ddsf] cf};t pmhf{ x/]s lbg ;"o{af6 k|fKt x'G5 . jif{el/df g]kfndf cf};t #)) eGbf a9L 3dfOnf
lbgx¿ pknAw x'g] / lbgdf sl/a !@ 306f;Dd 3fd nfUg' ;f}o{ pmhf{sf] b[li6n] ;sf/fTds kIf xf] .
3/3/df k|of]u x'g] !)) jf6;Ddsf ;;fgf ;f}o{ pmhf{sf k|0ffnLx¿sf] nf]slk|otf a9\g'df ;/sf/n] u|fdL0f
If]qsf nflu lbg] cg'bfg /sd klg Pp6f sf/0f xf] . xfn u|fdL0f If]qdf aQL afNg, kfgL ttfpg, lkpg] kfgL
tyf l;FrfOsf nflu kfgL tfGg / ko{6sLo kbofqf dfu{df dgf]/~hgsf nflu tftf] kfgLdf kf}8L v]Ng]
;'ljwf;Ddsf nflu ;f}o{ pmhf{sf] k|of]u eO/x]sf] 5 . a9\bf] nf]8;]l8ªsf sf/0f aQL afNgsf nflu ;x/L
If]qdf klg ;f}o pmhf{sf] k|of]u kl5Nnf lbgdf a9\b} uPsf] 5 .
v_ jfo' pmhf{
jfo' pmhf{sf] k|ljlwdf ePsf] gjLg cg';Gwfg / vf]hn] Jofkfl/s ¿kd} hnljB't\sf] xf/fxf/Lsf] d"Nodf ljsf;
ug{ ;lsg] ;DefJotf g]kfnsf s]xL :yfgdf /x]sf] s'/f ljleGg cWoogx¿n] b]vfPsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] ;Dk"0f{
If]qsf] lj:t[t / ;3g ¿kdf jfo' pmhf{sf] ;DefJotfsf] cWoog x'g afls 5 tfklg ljleGg If]qdf 5'6\6f 5'6\6}
9ª\un] ePsf cWoogn] tLg xhf/ d]ufjf6;Ddsf] ;Defjgf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . o;n] lxdfn / kxf8sf /fli6«o
k|;f/0f nfOgsf] kx'FreGbf 6f9fsf b'ud{ e]usf a:tLx¿df pmhf{ ;|ft] sf] kx'Frsf nflu j}slNks Joj:yf ug{
;lsg]5 . Jofkfl/s ¿kdf jfo' pmhf{sf] ljsf;sf nflu s]xL gLltut tyf k|lqmofut ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{
xf] eg] o;sf] ljsf;sf] k|r/" ;Defjgf b]lvG5 .
u_ n3' hnljB't\
g]kfnsf] kxf8L / tNnf] lxdfnL If]qdf xfn #))) eGbf a9L n3' hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿ ;~rfngdf /x]sf
5g\ . cf};tdf # b]lv !)) lsnf]jf6 Ifdtfsf oL n3' hnljB't\ s]Gb|x¿af6 @ nfveGbf a9L hgtfn]
ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu ljB't\ pmhf{ k|fKt u/]sf] eP tfklg o;sf s]xL sl7gfOx¿ 5g\ . ljut Ps
bzsdf g]kfndf n3' hnljB't\sf] ljsf; x'gfsf] sf/0f ;fd'bflos ;lqmotf, g]kfnL k|ljlw, g]kfnL
hgzlQmsf] ljsf; / o:tf cfof]hgfx¿df lbOg] cg'bfg x'g\ . k|ltlsnf]jf6 pTkfbg d"No hnljB't\sf]
eGbf a9L x'g] eP tfklg /fli6«o lu|8sf] ljB't\sf] kx'Fr jflx/sf hg;d'bfodf of] k|ljlw lgs} nf]slk|o
jg]sf] 5 . o:tf cfof]hgfsf nflu cfjZos ;a} oGq, pks/0fx¿ g]kfnleq} pTkfbg x'g], cfof]hgfsf]
OlGhlgol/ª l8hfOg / k|fljlws k/fdz{ ;]jf g]kfnleq} pknAw x'gfn] klg of] k|ljlw u|fdL0f If]qdf
k|efjsf/L ePsf] 5 .
3_ jfof]Uof;
g]kfndf 3/]n' jfof]Uof; k|ljlwsf] ljsf;sf] klg pNn]Vo ;Defjgf /x]sf]5 . xfn k|of]u eO/x]sf] ;f9] b'On
{ fv
jfof]Uof;sf pks/0fx¿ / x/]s jif{ bzf}+ xhf/sf] ;+Vofdf ylkFb} uO/x]sf jfof]Uof; KnfG6sf] ;+Vof x]bf{
o;sf] ;DefJotf k|r/" /x]sf] 5 . jfof]Uof; KnfG6sf] lgdf{0f nfut lskmfotL x'g' / cg'bfgsf] Joj:yf x'gn ' ]
o;sf] dfu a9\b} hfg] b]lvG5 . jfof]Uof;n] vfgf ksfpg / aQL afNgsf nflu pmhf{ cfk"lt{ ug]{ x'gfn] klg

o;sf] Jofks k|of]u lj:tf/ ePsf] xf] . cfufdL lbgdf yk !( nfv dWod / lgDg dWod juL{o ls;fgx¿sf]
3/df jfof]Uof; KnfG6 lgdf{0f ug{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5 .
ª_ h}ljs OGwg
g]kfndf emG8} @( k|ltzt hª\un If]q /x]sf] / clwsf+z kl/jf/ s[lifdf cfwfl/t ePsf] x'gfn] h}ljs OGwgsf]
;Defjgf klg k|z:t /x]sf] 5 . h}ljs OGwg eGgfn] h}ljs kbfy{sf] k|zf]wgaf6 l8h]n, k]6«fn ] / dl§t]nnfO{
k|lt:yfkg ug]{ OGwgx¿ h:t} h}ljs l8h]n, h}ljs k]6«fn ] / h}ljs dl§t]nnfO{ a'lemG5 . h}ljs l8h]nsf
nflu g]kfndf k|z:t kfOg] ;lhjgsf] t]n, h}ljs k]6«fn] sf nflu pv' k]n/] afFsL /x]sf] vf]of / sf7sf] 3'nf]
/ h}ljs dl§t]nsf nflu 6/k]g6fOgsf] pTkfbg ubf{ lgl:sg] /;fognfO{ sRrf kbfy{sf] ¿kdf k|of]u u/L tt\–
tt\ vfnsf] h}ljs OGwg pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . a9\bf] k]6«fl] nod kbfy{sf] d"Nosf] sf/0f h}ljs OGwgsf]
Jofkfl/s pTkfbg ;DefJo aGb} uPsf] 5 t/ k]6«fl] nod kbfy{df /fHon] cg'bfg lbg] sf/0fn] o:tf h}ljs
OGwgsf] Jofkfl/s pTkfbg cfofltt k]6«fl] nod;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g .
j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|of]u vfgf ksfpg, Gofgf] kfg{, aQL afNg / k]6«fl] nod kbfy{sf] ljsNkdf :jR5 pmhf{sf]
¿kdf k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] k|of]usf] ;DefJotfnfO{ tflnsf %=@ df ;"lrs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
tflnsf %=@ j}slNks tyf gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ;DefJotf / k|of]u
pmhf{sf] n3' ;f}o{ pmhf{ h}ljs jfof]Uof; jfo' pmhf{ h}ljs e"tfkLo
k|of]u hnljB't\ /flz OGwg pmhf{
ljB't\ pTkfbg – – – – –
tfkLo pmhf{ – – – –
OGwg – – –
oflGqs zlQm – – –
g]kfndf !))) $=%–% !( nfv cg'dflgt !) k|ltzt k|lt:yfkg cWoog
pTkfbgsf] d]ufjf6 lsnf]jf6 3/df # xhf/ k]6«fn
] / ug]{ ;|ft] ug{ afFsL
;Defjgf 306f÷ju{ ld= d]ufjf6 !) k|ltzt pknAw x'g]
÷lbg l8h]n
Jofkfl/s pTkfbg ubf{ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf k|ljlwx¿ s]xL dxFuf 5g\ . o;sf k5fl8 b'O{ k|dv ' sf/0fx¿ 5g\–
klxnf] sf/0f xf], k/Dk/fut k]6«fl] nod kbfy{df cg'bfg -k|ToIf / ck|ToIf_ / bf];|f] sf/0f xf], d"No t'ngf ubf{
k|ljlw / ;|ft] sf] 5gf}6 ubf{ jftfj/0fdf kg]{ ;sf/fTds tyf gsf/fTds c;/ n]vfhf]vf gul/g' . xfn ;f}o{
pmhf{ k|lt lsnf]jf6 @–% xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/ / jfo' pmhf{sf] h8fg vr{ k|ltlsnf]jf6 @–# xhf/ cd]l/sL 8n/
kg]{ b]lvG5 . g]kfndf xfn JofKt pmhf{ ;ª\s6sf] lgsf;sf nflu Jofkfl/s pTkfbg ug]{ u/L jfo' pmhf{ / ;f}o{
pmhf{sf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf] pmhf{ pTkfbg ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ ljB't\ cfk"lt{ k|0ffnLdf h'g;'s} a]nf
laqmL ug{;Sg] u/L pko'Qm laqmL b/ lgwf{/0f ePdf g]kfndf klg lghL If]q j}slNks pmhf{ pTkfbgdf cfslif{t
x'g ;S5g\ .

%=# j}slNks pmhf{sf] ljsf; / k|j4{gsf ;jfn / ;'emfjx¿

!_ j}slNks pmhf{sf] Jofkfl/s pTkfbgnfO{ k|fyldstfdf g/flvg' .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= cfofltt k]6«fl] noddf g]kfn cfon lguddfkm{t k]6«fl] nodnfO{ cfk"lt{ dGqfno j}slNks pmhf{sf]
lbOg] k|ToIf / k/f]If lbOPsf] cg'bfg qmdzM s6f}tL u/L lghL Jofkfl/s pTkfbg
cg'bfg x6fpg] . If]qnfO{ o:tf If]qdf nufgL / sf/f]jf/ ;DefJo x'g] .
ug{ k|fT] ;fxg ug]{ .
@_ j}slNks pmhf{sf] lj:tf/ b'ud{ u|fdL0f Onfsfdf ;d]t ug'k{ g]{ ePsfn] :yfgLo hgtfsf] qmozlQm cfwf/df
cg'bfg ck'u x'g' .
ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= gjLs/0fLo pmhf{df gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd cGt/ut xfn jftfj/0f dGqfno jfof]Uof; KnfG6sf]
cg'bfg a9fpg] . lbOg] cg'bfg *) k|ltzt ug]{ / @) n3' hnljB' t \ , h8fg x'g] ;+Vofdf
+ ] Aoxf]g{] . ;f}o{ pmhf{
k|ltzt ;d'bfo jf JolQm cfkm}n a[l4 x'g] .
#_ gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ If]qsf nflu pRr:t/sf] k|fljlws Ifdtfsf] cefj x'g' .

ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= pRr:t/sf] k|fljlws gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ sfo{qmd cGt/utsf jftfj/0f dGqfno n3' hnljB't\, ;f}o{
Ifdtf lj:tf/ ug]{ . ljljw cfof]hgfsf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm pmhf{, jfof]Uof;
tof/ ug{ ljZjljBfno, k|fljlws tyf ;DaGwL cfjZos
Aoa;flos tflnd s]Gb|x¿n] tflnd sfo{qmd k|fljlws bIf hgzlQm
;~rfng ug]{ . tof/ x'g] .
$_ j}slNks pmhf{sf] ;DefJotf tyf dxz'n b/ lgwf{/0f gul/g' .

ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= gjLs/0fLo pmhf{x?sf] gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] lu|8df cfa4tf Pj+ jftfj/0f j}slNks pmhf{
pTkfbg ;DefJotf dxz'n lgwf{/0f ;DaGwdf gLlt tyf dGqfno, dxz'n b/ lgwf{/0f
olsg u/L k|fljlws lgb]l{ zsf hf/L ug]{ . x'g] . gjLs/0fLo
ljB't\ dxz'n
¿kn] ;Dej ePsf pmhf{x?sf] ;DefJotf
lgwf{/0f cfof]u,
7fpFdf s]Gb|Lo k|;f/0f olsg x'g] .
k|0ffnLdf cfa4 u/L j}slNks pmhf{
pko'Qm j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
dxz'n b/ lgwf{/0f
ug]{ .

%_ j}slNks pmhf{sf] If]qdf b]zleq} kof{Kt cg';Gwfg / ljsf; x'g g;Sg' .

ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= j}slNks pmhf{sf] j}slNks pmhf{ ;DaGwL cWoog cg';Gwfg jftfj/0f dGqfno j}slNks pmhf{ ljsf;
If]qdf cg';Gwfg / Pj+ hgr]tgf clej[l4 ug{ sf]ifsf] Joj:yf sf] i fsf] :yfkgf eO{
ljsf;sf sfo{ ug]{ . ug]{ . ;~rfng x'g] .
^_ j}slNks pmhf{sf] If]q] df sfo{/t lgsfox¿aLr ;dGjo gx'g' .

ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= j}slNks pmhf{sf] hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] g]t[Tjdf ljleGg hn tyf pmhf{ ;dGjofTds ;ldlt
If]qdf ;dGjofTds dGqfnosf k|ltlglw;lxtsf] ;ldlt u7g cfof]u v8f x'g] .
;+oGq v8f ug]{ . u/L j}slNks pmhf{ nufot ;du| pmhf{
If]qsf] /0fgLlt th'd{ f / cg'udg ug]{ .
&_ j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|j4{gdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] e"ldsf k|:6 gx'g' .

ug'k{ g]{ sfo{
!= j} s lNks pmhf{ s f] u|fdL0f pmhf{ gLltdf ;f] ;DaGwL Joj:yf jftfj/0f dGqfno u|fdL0f pmhf{ gLltsf]
If]qdf :yfgLo lgsfosf] ug]{ . ;+zf]wg x'g] .
e"ldsfnfO{ k|:6 ug]{ .

kl/R5]b M ^
;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf
^=! e"ldsf
hnljB't\sf] ljsf;sf] cg's"n jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ pko'Qm ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf cfjZos
5 . o:tf] Joj:yf ljutsf cg'ej, pknlAw / sld–sdhf]/Lx¿af6 l;s]sf kf7x?df cfwfl/t x'g'kb{5 .
;du| sfg"gx¿sf] d"n sfg"g ;+ljwfg g} xfn tof/Lsf] cj:yfdf /x]sfn], cfd"n kl/jt{gsf] vfsf
agfpg'sf] ;§f df}h'bf sfg"g / k|lqmofx¿nfO{ kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/ ug'{ pko'Qm b]lvG5 . /fHo k'g{;+/rgf,
;ª\3Lo :j¿k / zf;sLo :j¿ksf] lgwf{/0fkl5 df}h'bf cg]sf}+ sfg"gL Joj:yfx¿df :jtM kl/jt{g /
kl/dfh{gsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . cfufdL kfFr jif{;Ddsf] cjlwdf oL ;a} kl/b[Zox¿n] 7f]; cfsf/ u|x0f ug]{
ck]Iff ug{ ;lsG5 . Tolt a]nf;Ddsf nflu g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, ljB't\ ljsf; laefu, hn tyf pmhf{
cfof]u / cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx¿df s] s:tf k'g;{+/rgfsf sfo{ ug{'k5{ eGg] af/]df 7f]; lg0f{o ug{
;xh 5}g . t/ klg cfufdL aL; jif{df kRrL; xhf/ d]ufjf6 hn ljB't\ pTkfbg ug]{ /fli6«o cleofg
;kmn agfpgsf lglDt ;xh jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{, ljB't\ ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf
sfg"gL kIfdf ;fdlos ;'wf/ / /fHokIfaf6 ;lqmo ;xhLs/0fsf] cfjZostf 5 . o:tf b"/ufdL dxTj /fVg]
;'wf/sf lglDt ;'emfjx¿ tof/ ubf{ ljutdf o; ;DaGwdf ePsf cWoog, cg';Gwfg, cg'ej /
;/f]sf/jfnfx¿af6 ;do–;dodf JoQm u'gf;fx¿df Wofg lbg cfjZos x'G5 . hnljB't\ ljsf;df 7"nf]
km8\sf] dfg{ ug'{kg]{ gofF Joj:yfx¿sf] af/]df ljutdf o; ;DaGwdf ePsf cWoog, cg';Gwfgx?sf]
k'g/fjnf]sg, ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ / lj1x?;Fusf] 5nkmn / tYout ljZn]if0fsf] k|lqmof / ljlw cg';f/
pko'{Qm k|of]hgsf lglDt gLltut, ;+/rgfut / ;xlhs/0fsf] ;Gbe{df lgDgfg';f/sf] gLltut / ;+:yfut
Joj:yf k|:tfj ul/Psf] 5 .
^=@ ljutsf gLltut cg'ej / ;'emfax¿
g]kfnsf] ;du| pmhf{ ;|ft] sf] b'|Qt/ ljsf;sf lglDt tof/ ul/Psf] hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnosf]
k|ltj]bgdf dxTjk"0f{ ;jfnx¿df k|sfz kfl/Psf] 5 . lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu pmhf{df cfTdlge{/tf, pmhf{;|ft] sf]
pko'Qm ;ld>0f xfl;n ug],{ /fli6«o pmhf{ ;'/Iff gLlt lgdf{0f u/L nfu" ug],{ PsLs[t pmhf{ of]hgf tof/ kfg]{
/ /fli6«o dfu, ljB't\ Jofkf/ tyf If]qLo ljB't\ ahf/sf] k|j4{gh:tf gLltut ;jfnx¿nfO{ cufl8 NofOPsf] 5 .
bz jifL{o hn ljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bnn] tof/ kf/]sf] k|ltj]bgdf /fli6«o k'gjf{; gLlt, gbL a]l;g
u'? of]hgf, PsLs[t hn;|ft] of]hgf tyf Joj:yfkg, ;|ft] / ;Dkbfsf] d"Nofª\sg, ;|ft] nufgL lgwf{/0f, k|fGt
-k|bz
] _ aLr nfesf] afF8kmfF6, :yfgLo hgtfsf] xs–clwsf/, tNnf]–t6Lo kmfObfsf] kl/df0fLs/0f / nfe
kl/R5]b–^, ;+:yfut, gLltut tyf sfg"gL Joj:yf 49

afF8kmfF6 ;DaGwdf ;d]t gLltut vfsf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] cg'dltkq tyf cg'udg,
:jtGq lgodg lgsfo u7g, cfof]hgfx¿sf] km]xl/:t tof/L, k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ljsf;,
sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf cg'dltkqx¿ ;DaGwL gLlt nufotsf k|:tfljt gLltx¿ klg pNn]vgLo 5g\ . k"jf{wf/
ljsf; / lj:tf/, hUuf k|flKt, hnljB't\ d]l;g/L pBf]ux¿sf] k|j4{g, k/fdz{ tyf lgdf{0f Joj;fosf] k|j4{g,
dfgj ;+zfwg ljsf; / tflnd, ljB't\ If]qsf] ;'wf/ gLlt, ljB't\ lgodg cfof]u, hnfzoo'Qm tyf u}/hnfzoo'Qm
cfof]hgfsf] ;Gt'ng, ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0fdf ef}uf]lns tyf If]qLo ;Gt'ng / cflb gLltx¿sf] k|f¿k klg
To; sfo{bnn] sf]/s ] f] 5 .
^=# ljB't\ If]qsf] ;+/rgfut ;'wf/ gLlt
ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] a9\bf] k|efj, cfly{s / /fhgLlts If]qsf] ablnFbf] kl/l:ylt, g]kfnsf] /fHosf] :j¿k /
kl/jt{sf] vfsf tof/ eO/x]sf] cj:yf, :yfgLo ;|ft] / ;fwgdfly hgtfsf] cu|flwsf/sf] p7\bf] cfjfh, ljB't\
If]qdf klg lghL If]qsf] ;zQm pkl:ylt, ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL ;fem]bf/Lsf] cfudg, pkef]Qmfsf] ;]jf If]qdf klg
k|lt:kwf{ xfl;n x'gk' g]{ dfu, ;ª\3Lo /fHosf] :jfoQtfsf] ;jfn ;d]tnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/L ljB't\ ljsf;df
k|efjsfl/tf Nofpg gofF Joj:yfksLo cjwf/0ffx¿ ;kmntfk"js { k|of]udf Nofpg] gLltcg'¿k ljB't\ If]qsf]
;+/rgfTds ;'wf/ ug'{ cTofjZos ePsf] 5 . o; cGtut{ ljB't\sf] pTkfbg, ljt/0f / Jofkf/ If]qdf dfusf]
t'ngfdf cfk"lt{ lj:tf/ ug{ yk nufgL cfsif{0f ug{s ' f ;fy} ;Dej eP;Dd k|lt:kwf{sf] jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug'k{ g]{
x'G5 . o;af6 cfd pkef]QmfnfO{ a9LeGbf a9L kmfObf, b]znfO{ /fh:j / nufgLstf{nfO{ oyf]lrt d'gfkmf l;h{gf
x'Fb} hfg]5g\ .
;ª\3Lo /fHox¿n] k|lt:kwf{Tds tj/n] cf–cfk\mgf] cfjZostf cg';f/ cf}Bf]lus nufgL gLlt, hn ljB't\df
nufgL gLlt, ljkGg ju{nfO{ k|ToIf cg'bfg jf 58\s] cg'bfg gLlth:tf gLlt nfu" ug{;Sg] xFb' f ljB't\ If]qsf]
;+/rgfTds ;'wf/sf] ;fGble{stf ;ª\3Lo ;+/rgfdf cem a9L b]lvPsf]n] ljB't\If]qsf] ;+/rgfTds ;'wf/
sfo{qmd /fli6«o k|fyldstfsf ;fy cl3 a9fpg'kb{5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf ;a}sf] v'Nnf / :jR5 k|lt:kwf{Tds 9ª\un]
kx'rF x'g] u/L /fli6«o ljB't\ k|;f/0f k|0ffnLnfO{ cGo If]qaf6 cnUofO{ :jtGq¿kn] Joj:yfkg ug'k{ g]{ ePsf] 5 .
;fj{hlgs If]qdf klg s]Gb|Lo ;/sf/, /fHo ;/sf/ / :yfgLo ;/sf/x¿sf aLrdf klg cfkm\gf hgtfx¿nfO{
a9L ;x'lnot, ;'lawf / cj;/x¿ k|bfg ug]{ k|lt:kwf{ x'g] ;Defjgfn] ;fj{hlgs ;+:yfx¿sf] k'gM;+/rgfdf
ce"tk"j{ km]/abnsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;xh ¿kdf :jLsf/ ug'k{ b{5 .
;/sf/L lgsfo tyf ;+:yfx¿aLr clwsf/ If]q / e"ldsfdf b]vf kg]{ bf]x/f]kgf tyf af/Daf/ cfO/xg] cGof]nx¿
;d]t lg/fs/0f x'gu] /L ljBdfg ;+:yfx¿sf] sfo{If]qdf k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ tyf cfjZostf cg';f/ gofF ;+:yfut
;+/rgf tof/ ug{] d'Vo–d'Vo cjwf/0ffx¿ cufl8 a9fOg]5g\ .
^=#=! ljBdfg ;+:yfx¿sf] sfo{If]q k'g/fjnf]sg

-s_ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] sfo{If]q
/fli6«o hnof]hgfn] lgb]z { g u/] adf]lhd ;+u7gfTds ;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ / sfo{ef/ yKg] .
/fli6«o pmhf{ /0fgLlt, gLlt, P]g, tyf lgod th'd{ f ug]{ . pQm /0fgLlt Pjd\ gLltn] /fli6«o pmhf{ ;'/Iff,
dfutkm{sf] Joj:yfkg tyf ljlzli6s[t pmhf{ ld>0f xfl;n ug],{ pmhf{ jrth:tf d'2fnfO{ ;d]6\g]
sfo{x¿ ug]{ .
;du| pmhf{ If]qsf] s]Gb|Lo:t/sf] of]hgf th'd{ f, ;dGjo tyf gLltut cg'udg sfo{x¿ ug]{ .

;/sf/åf/f Tff]lsPsf] lglZrt IfdtfeGbf a9Lsf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] cfly{s tyf k|fljlws
;xdltsf] cfwf/kq tof/ kf/L ;f]xL cg';f/ ;xdlt k|bfg ug]{ .
lgof{t ug]{ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] /fli6«o pmhf{ gLlt;Fusf] tfnd]n ug]{ .
lgof{td"ns hnljB't\ cfof]hgfaf6 g]kfn ;/sf/n] k|fKt ug]{ Go"gtd k|ltd]ufjf6 ;nfdL z'Ns,
Go"gdt lgMz'Ns pmhf{, /f]oN6L, :yfgLo hgtfsf] clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL gLltut kIf / :jb]zL ;]o/
nufgL cflbsf] lgwf{/0f u/L ;|ft] d"Nofª\sg sfo{ ug]{ .
/fli6«o hn;|ft] ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf u/L ;~rfng ug]{ .
sf]zL, u08sL / s0ff{nL a]l;gdf a]l;g sfof{nox¿ :yfkgf u/L a]l;g Joj:yfkg sfo{sf] ;dGjo
ug]{ .
dflyNnf] / tNnf] t6Lo kmfObf k|df0fLs/0f / nfe afF8kmfF8 osLg ug]{ / ;Ldfkf/L hn Joj:yfkg
OsfO{ :yfkgf ug]{ .
pmhf{ If]q;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cle;GwL / ;GwL ;Demf}tfx¿ cBfjlws ug],{ cfjZos kl/dfh{g,
sfof{Gjog ;DaGwL gLlt, P]g / lgodfjnL tof/ ug]{ .
gjLs/0fLo pmhf{ ljsf; / jftfj/0f d}qL xl/t pmhf{sf] ljsf;sf gLlt, of]hgf, P]g / lgodfjnL
lgdf{0f u/L nfu" u/fpg] .
ljZjJofkLs/0f ;lxtsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds pmhf{ ahf/sf] lj:tf/n] g]kfnsf] pmhf{ If]qsf dxTjk"0f{ ljifodf
uxg cWoog cg';Gwfg eO/xg' cfjZos x'G5 . o:tf Aofj;flos / pRr:t/Lo cWoogsf nflu
7"nf] wg/flzsf] cfjZostf x'g] x'Fbf :jb]zL, ljb]zL jf cGt/f{li6«o ljZjljBfnox¿;Fu ;xsfo{ u/L
cWoog cg';Gwfg ug{ u/fpgsf nflu cfjZos gLlt, lgod, ;+/rgf / sfo{ljlwsf] lgdf{0f u/L
sfof{Gjog ug]{ .
-v_ ljB't\ ljsf; ljefusf] sfo{If]q
/fli6«o tyf /fHo:t/df ljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ljt/0f, Jofkf/ kl/df0f, ljB't\ zlQmsf] dfu, cfk"lt{,
pknAwtf tyf gk'u pmhf{ / zlQm;DaGwL ljj/0fx¿ dfl;s tyf jflif{s¿kdf k|sflzt ug]{ .
cfufdL jif{sf nflu ef/–pTkfbg ;Gt'ng k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ug]{ .
/fli6«o¿kdf bL3{sfnLg ljB't\sf] dfu k|If]k0f ug]{ .
ljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ljt/0f, Jofkf/ tyf ahf/;Fu ;DalGwt kl/df0f, nfut k|efjsfl/tf, r'xfj6
lgoGq0f, k|lt:kwf{ ;DaGwL tYofÍ ;Íng, Joj:yfkg tyf k|sfzg ug]{ .
k"j–{ ;DefJotf cWoog ePsf h=lj=cf=x¿sf] tYofª\s tof/L tyf Joj:yfkg ug]{ / a]l;gdf cfwfl/t
k"j–{ ;DefJotf cWoog sfo{ cufl8 a9fpg] .
hnfzoo'Qm / u}/hnfzoo'Qm hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] pko'Qm ld>0fnfO{ Wofg lbFb} cfGtl/s vkt
tyf lgof{tsf nflu cfly{s b[li6n] kmfObfhgs, ;fdflhs b[li6n] a9L pkof]uL, jftfj/0fLo b[li6n]
sd xflgsf/s, k|fljlws b[li6n] ;/n tyf sd hf]lvdk"0f{ cflb kl/;"rsx¿sf cfwf/df qmlds
ljsf;sf nflu cfof]hgfx¿sf] k|fyldstf ;"lr tof/ ub}{ hfg] .
hn;|ft] If]qdf cfjZos ljleGg tx, ;Lk, of]Uotf / cg'ejsf hgzlQmsf] jflif{s cfjZostfsf]
cg'dflgt k|If]k0f k|ltj]bg k|sflzt ug]{ .

/fli6«o cfjZostfsf nflu cfjZos ljQLo ;|ft] sf] cfjZostf, Aofhb/, OlSjl6 / C0fsf nflu
cfjZos /sdsf] k|If]k0f, sfo{ ljj/0fsf] k|ltj]bg rf}dfl;s jf cw{ jflif{s ¿kdf lgoldt k|sflzt
ug]{ .
-u_ hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefu
hn tyf df};d lj1fg ljefunfO{ /fli6«o hnof]hgf, @))% n] lglb{i6 u/] adf]lhd hn tyf pmhf{
If]qsf] 5ftfd'lg /fVg] .
hn lj1fg, df};d lj1fg / df};d kl/jt{g ;DaGwL dxfzfvfx¿nfO{ ;'b[9 ug]{ .
hnjfo" cGtu{tsf hn lj1fg / df};d lj1fgsf u'0f:t/Lo, oy]i6 dfqfdf / cfjZos tYofª\s
;ª\sng x'g ;Sg] u/L Ifdtf j[l4 ug]{ .
tYofª\s ;ª\sng ug],{ cBfjlws ug]{ / ;ª\sngsf] lg/Gt/ k|lqmof :yflkt ug]{ .
;ª\slnt tYofª\snfO{ OG6/g]6df lgoldt cBfjlws u/L k|ltj]bg k|sfzg ug]{ .
-3_ s]Gb|Lo ljB't\ lgodg cfof]u
k|:tfljt s]Gb|Lo ljB't\ lgodg cfof]usf] sfo{If]q lgDgcg';f/ x'g5
] g\M
/fli6«o dxTjsf, 7"nf, ax'pb]ZoLo vfnsf hnljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ljt/0f, Jofkf/ tyf ahf/
cg'dltkq hf/L ug{] .
ljB't\ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ h:t} nufgLstf{, k|j4{s, pkef]Qmf ;d'bfosf] ultljlw, sfo{
/ ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, ;'/Iff, dfkb08 cflbsf] lgodg ug]{ .
kf/bzL{ d"No lgwf{/0f k|lqmof to ug{] .
ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tfsf] cg'df]bg ug]{ .
pkef]Stf lxt ;+/If0f ;+oGq tof/ kfg{] .
pTkfbg, ljt/0f / Jofkf/df k|lt:kwf{ nfu" u/fpg tyf b]zdf nufgLsf] plrt jftfj/0f agfO/fVg] .
hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]unfO{ hnljB't\ ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;Nnfx lbg] .
3f]lift gLlt, P]g, lgod / ljlgodsf cfwf/df cw{–Goflos clwsf/;lxt lgodg tyf cg'udg ug]{ .
s]Gb|Lo k|flwsf/leqsf ljifox¿ / lgof{t sfo{;uF ;DalGwt tyf cGt/k|fb]lzs ljB't\ pTkfbg, k|;f/0f
/ Jofkf/;Fu ;DalGwt lgodg sfo{x¿ ug]{ .
k|fGtLo ljB't\ lgodg cfof]ux¿nfO{ lgodg If]q;Fu ;DalGwt cfjZos lgb]z
{ g Pj+ lbUbz{gdfk{mt
lgodg sfo{nfO{ a9L k|efjsf/L agfpg] .
o;sf ;fy} k|fb]lzs lgodg cfof]ux¿sf] :yfkgf geP;Ddsf] cjlwsf nflu s]Gb|Lo lgodg cfof]un]
g} cfjZos lgodgsf/L e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ .
-ª_ k|:tfljt k|fb]lzs ljB't\ lgodg cfof]u
k|fb]lzs :t/df ;fgf tyf demf}nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] pTkfbg, k|;f/0f, ljt/0f, Jofkf/ tyf
ahf/ cg'dltkq hf/L ug{] .

ljB't\ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿ h:t}, nufgLstf{, k|j4{s, pkef]Qmf ;d'bfosf] ultljlw, sfo{
/ ;]jfsf] u'0f:t/, ;'/Iff, dfkb08 cflb lgodg ug]{ s]Gb|Lo lgodg cfof]usf] sfo{sf] ;dGjo ug]{ .
kf/bzL{ d"No lgwf{/0f k|lqmof to u/L s]Gb|Lo lgodg cfof]un] tf]ss
] f] ;Ldfleq /xL lgDgjuL{o
pkef]Qmfx¿sf nflu 58\s] cg'bfg ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ .
pmhf{sf pkef]Stf lxt ;+/If0f ;+oGqnfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ .
pTkfbg, ljt/0f / Jofkf/df k|lt:kwf{ nfu" u/fpg tyf b]zdf nufgLsf] plrt jftfj/0f agfO/fVgsf
nflu cfjZos sfo{x¿ ug]{ .
hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]unfO{ hnljB't\ ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0fdf s]Gb|Lo lgodg cfof]udfkm{t cfjZos
;'emfj lbg] .
3f]lift gLlt, P]g, lgod / ljlgodsf cfwf/df cw{–Goflos clwsf/;lxt lgodg tyf cg'udg ug]{ .
-r_ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] k'gM;+/rgf

g]kfn ;/sf/af6 g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ r/0fj4¿kdf k'gM;+/rgf ul/g]5 . d'ns '
;ª\3Lo k|0ffnLdf ;~rfng x'g yfn]kl5 g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] ;+/rgfx¿sf] l:yltdf ;f/e"t¿kdf kl/jt{g
cfpg]5 .
k|yd r/0f M /fli6«o ljB't\ k|;f/0f sDkgLsf] :yfkgf

xfn g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf] k|;f/0f tyf ef/ k|i] f0f k|0ffnLnfO{ Ps k"0f{ ;/sf/L
:jfldTjsf]] /fli6«o ljB't\ k|;f/0f sDkgLdf ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ .
/fli6«o ljB't\ k|;f/0f sDkgLn] ljB't\ k|;f/0f /fhdfu{sf] cjwf/0ff cg'¿k d'ns
' df hnfwf/ If]qut
k|;f/0f nfOgx¿ lgdf{0f ub}{ hfg] / /fli6«o ljB't\ lu|8 ;~rfngdf Nofpg] .
/fli6«o ljB't\ lu|8df b]zsf] cfjZostf cg';f/ lghL If]qaf6 lgdf{0f x'g] k|;f/0f nfO{gx¿ ;d]t cfj4
ub}{ hfg] .
;l~rt k|;f/0f Ifdtf pknAw eP;Dd o; /fli6«o k|;f/0f lu|8df ;a}nfO{ v'nf kx'Fr lbg] Joj:yf
ug]{ .
lgodg cfof]uaf6 lgwf{l/t k|;f/0f z'Ns lt/L cg'dltkq k|fKt JolQmn] s'g} Ps :yfgdf pTkflbt
ljB't\ /fli6«o ljB't\ lu|8dfkm{t k|;f/0f u/fO{ csf]{ :yfgaf6 :jb]zL vktsf nflu jf lgof{tsf nflu
;d]t lng kfpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
/fli6«o ljB't\ k|;f/0f sDkgLsf] ;'emfj cg';f/ ;/sf/n] ;do ;dodf d'ns
' sf ljleGg ef]N6]hsf
k|;f/0f nfOgx¿nfO{ /fli6«o lu|8sf] ju{df tf]Sb} hfg] .
o; r/0fdf s]xL jif{;Dd pTkfbg, ljt/0f tyf lghL If]qsf] ljB't\ vl/b ;flas adf]lhd k|flws/0fn] g} ub}{
hfg]5 .

bf];|f] r/0fM ljB't\ ljt/0f tyf ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgLx¿sf] :yfkgf

-5_ ljB't\ ljt/0f sDkgLx¿
/fHo k'gM;+/rgfkl5 g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf ljB't\ ljt/0f k|0ffnL;Fu ;Dj4
;+/rgfx¿ ;dfj]z u/L k|To]s k|fGtLo ;/sf/sf] :jfldTjdf /xg] u/L slDtdf Pp6f ljB't\ ljt/0f
sDkgL :yfkgf ug]{ . To:tf] ljB't\ ljt/0f sDkgL lghL ;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/Ldf /xg] .
ljB't\ ljt/0f sDkgLx¿nfO{ k|fb]lzs lgodg cfof]ux¿sf] cg'udgleq /xg] .
Pp6} /fHodf PseGbf a9L ljt/0f sDkgLx¿ x'g5 ] g\ h;af6 k"0f{ k|lt:kwf{Tds ahf/sf] :yfkgf /
lghL ;fj{hlgs If]qsf] cfwf/df :yflkt sDkgLsf sf/0f Psflwsf/sf] cGTo x'g] .
k|bz
] x¿df ljB't\ ljt/0f sDkgL :yfkgf x'bF fsf avt sfod /x]sf] ljB't\ Ifdtfsf] cfwf/df s]Gb|Lo¿kdf
hl8t ljB't\ Ifdtf -tTsfn sfod /x]sf] / kl5 s]Gb|Lo nufgLaf6 lj:tf/ x'g_] ;dfg'kflts tj/n]
afF8kmfF6 ul/g] .
-h_ ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgL
xfn g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] :jfldTjdf /x]sf !)) d]ufjf6 eGbf sd Ifdtfsf ljB't\ pTkfbg u[xx¿
;DalGwt k|fb]lzs ;/sf/sf] :jfldTj cGtu{tsf] k|fb]lzs ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgL cGtu{t /xg] .
ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgLn] s]Gb|Lo:t/sf cfof]hgfx¿ ;/sf/sf] lgb]z
{ gdf jf k|lt:kwf{sf] dfWodaf6 klg
lgdf{0f ug{ ;Sg] .
ljB't\ ljsf; ljefun] ;DefJotf cWoog / klxrfg u/L tof/ kf/]sf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf]
af:s]6af6 5fg]/ cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ug]{ sfo{ ug]{ .
k|To]s k|bz
] df lghL If]qsf ljB't\ pTkfbssf cltl/Qm cfjZostf cg';f/ k|bz
] ;/sf/ tyf :yfgLo
lgsfosf] :jfldTjdf ljB't\ pTkfbg sDkgL ;d]t cfpg ;Sg] .
gofF ;+/rgf k|of]udf NofpFbf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx¿ tt\–tt\ sDkgLx¿ df :jtM
;dfof]hg x'g5
] g\ jf pmhf{ dGqfno, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu jf
lgodg cfof]udf cfjZostfsf cfwf/df Ps kN6sf nflu ;dfof]hg ug{ ;Sg] .
g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf sd{rf/Lx¿n] tTsfn vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] tna ;'ljwf tyf ;]jf, ;t{df s'g} klg
k|sf/n] g36\g] tyf k|lts"n gx'g] u/L sfg"gL ;+/If0f k|bfg ug]{ .
-em_ ljB't\ ahf/ k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng
ljB't\ ahf/ k|0ffnLsf] ;~rfng jt{dfg Psn qm]tf df]8n
] af6 qmdzM ax'qm]tf–laq]mtf df]8n
] x'Fb}
k|lt:kwf{Tds ljB't\sf] yf]s ahf/ :yfkgf tyf ;~rfngtkm{ pGd'v agfpFb} nfg] .
-`_ /fli6«o ljB't\ Jofkf/ sDkgL
cGt/b]zLo ljB't\ Jofkf/sf ;fy} /fli6«o pmhf{ ;'/Iff gLltsf] kl/lwleq /xL l5d]sL d'ns
' x¿;Fu ljB't\
cfoft tyf lgof{t Jofkf/sf] k|j4{g ug{ ;/sf/L:t/df Ps /fli6«o ljB't\ Jofkf/ sDkgLsf] :yfkgf
ug]{ .
cGt/k|fb]lzs ljB't\ Jofkf/ ug]{ .

k|fb]lzs ;/sf/x¿sf] aLrdf x'g] ljB't\ vl/b ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0fsf nfuL hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]unfO{
;'emfj lbg] .
xfnnfO{ o;sf] k|j4{g g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] ug{ ;Sg] .
-6_ u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f sDkgL
/fli6«o:t/df tLj| ultdf u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f ug{sf nflu P]g NofO{ ;/sf/L :jfldTjsf] Ps u|fdL0f
ljB'tLs/0f sDkgL :yfkgf ug]{ .
g]kfn ;/sf/n] u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf nflu cfjZos /sd o; sDkgLsf] sf]ifdf pknAw u/fpg] .
o;sf ;fy} u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f sfo{sf nflu bft[/fi6« / cGt/f{li6«o ;ª\3–;+:yfaf6 k|fKt x'g] cg'bfg
/ C0f ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] . g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] klg gfkmfsf] s]xL lglZrt k|ltzt
cg'bfgsf ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg] . cGo ljB't\ sDkgL / pmhf{sf sf/f]jf/ ug]{ ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿n] ltg]{
s/af6 s]xL efu o; sDkgLnfO{ 5'6\ofpg] .
u|fdL0f ljB't\Ls/0f sDkgLnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ ljB't\ pmhf{ nfut d"Nodf g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fn] -kl5
;DalGwt k|fGtsf] ljB't\ ljt/0f sDkgLn]_ pknAw u/fpg] / sDkgLsf] gf]S;fgL xfn g]kfn ;/sf/n]
-kl5 k|bz ] ;/sf/n]_ Ifltk"lt{sf ¿kdf pknAw u/fpg] .
u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0fsf nflu xfn k|flws/0fn] ul/cfPsf] ljB'tLs/0f lj:tf/, ;~rfng tyf ;Def/,
u|fxs ;]jf ;DaGwL sfo{ u|fdL0f ljB'tLs/0f sDkgLn] ug]{ . o;dfkm{t ljB't\ ljsf;df u|fdL0f ljB't\
;xsf/L ;+:yf / :yfgLo lgsfonfO{ ;d]t ;xefuL u/fpg] .
-7_ j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|
xfn o; j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|dfkm{t ;~rflnt n3' h=lj=cf=, ;f}o{ pmhf{ nufotsf gjLs/0fLo
pmhf{ sfo{qmdx¿ cem k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rfng ug]{] .
dxfzfvfx¿sf] lj:tf/ ug]{ / ;f}o{ tfkLo, ;f}o{ ljB't\ pmhf{, jfof]Uof; pmhf{ / jfof] OGwgsf 5'§f5'§}
zfvf lgdf{0f ug]{ .
^=$ ;+jw} flgs Joj:yf

k|fljlws tyf ljz]if1x¿sf] /fo lnO{ /fli6«o dxTj af]ss
] f gbLx¿ / cGt/k|bz ] eP/ aUg] 7"nf gbLx¿sf] Ps
;"lr tof/ u/L ;+ljwfgsf] cg';l" rdf /fVg] . oL gbLx¿ s]Gb|Lo clwsf/df /fVg] .
c¿ ;DalGwt k|bz ] df kg]{ gbLgfnf tyf vf]nfx¿df :jb]zL k|of]hgsf nflu hnljB't\sf] ljsf; ug]{ clwsf/
k|bz] x¿df /xg] . k|fb]lzs ljB't\ lgodg cfof]ux¿n] k|bz ] x¿df ljB't\ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt pTkfbg, k|;f/0f,
ljt/0f / Jofkf/sf] cg'dltkq hf/L tyf cfjZos lgodg ug]{ .
^=$=! ;+;bLo cg'df]bgsf] Joj:yf
b]xfosf] cj:yf;Fu ;DalGwt hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ ;f+;b ;+Vofsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ dtn] cg'df]bg x'gk' g]{ .
s_ cGt/f{li6«o ;lGw–;Demf}tf cg'¿k ljsf; ul/g] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ .
v_ ljB't\ lgof{td"ns ax'p2]ZoLo hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿ .

^=% gLltut tyf ;+:yfut ;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿

!_ 7"nf cGt/f{li6«o:t/sf nufgLstf{x¿nfO{ g]kfndf 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf nufgL ug]{ jftfj/0f gaGg' .
qm=;= ug'{kg]{ gLltut s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug{] < pknlAwsf] kl/;"rs
;'wf/
!= PsLs[t pmhf{ ljsf; pmhf{ If]qsf lj1x¿, ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿, hn tyf pmhf{ bL3{sfnLg pmhf{ ljsf;
of]hgf th{d' f ug]{ ljQ / sfg"gsf ljz]if1x¿;Fu k/fdz{ cfof]usf] of]hgf tof/ x'g]
u/L @) jif]{ of]hgf th{d' f ug]{ ;lrjfno
@= /fli6«o pmhf{ gLlt pmhf{ dGqfnon] ljz]if1x¿sf] sfo{bn pmhf{ dGqfno, pmhf{ gLlt th'd{ f x'g]
agfpg] agfP/ ug]{ h=p=cf=;=
#= ljB't\ Jofkf/ ;DaGwL jiff{ofdsf] cfwf/e"t ljB't\ / cfwf/e"t pmhf{ dGqfno ef/t–g]kfn aLrdf pmhf{
Joj:yf ug]{ pmhf{sf] lgwf{/0f u/L lgof{t ug{ ef/t Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf x'g]
;/sf/;Fu jftf{ ug]{ .
$= k|fT] ;fxg, ;x'lnot tyf hnljB't\ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt s/gLltx¿ pmhf{ dGqfno jflif{s ah]6 aStAosf
s/ gLltdf :yfloTj x'g] cGt/ut Ohfht k|bfg ul/Psf jf lgdf{0f k|s/0fx¿ pNn]v x'g] .
Joj:yf ug]{ ul/Psf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ sfg"gL / gLltut
;+/If0f lbg] .
@_ ;+/lIft If]qdf /x]sf kl/of]hgfx¿ lgdf{0fdf hl6ntf x'g' .

qm=;= ug'k{ g]{ gLltut s;/L ug]{ < s;n] ug{] < pknlAwsf] kl/;"rs
;'wf/
!= ;+/lIft If]qdf ;fdfGotof /fli6«o lgs'~h, jGohGt' jg tyf ;DalGwt P]g lgoddf
hnljB't\ cfof]hgf cf/Ifh:tf If]qdf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] e";/+ If0f ;+zf]wg x'g] .
lgdf{0f ug{ cg'dlt jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg u/L ;DefJo dGqfno, pmhf{
lbg] . b]lvPdf ;f] cfof]hgfnfO{ :jLs[t lbg] . dGqfno
o;sf nflu ;DalGwt P] g –lgoddf
;+zf]wg ug]{ .
#_ kl/of]hgf If]qdf hUuf vl/b ubf{ w]/} Jojwfg v8f x'g' .

kl/jt{g
!= /fli6«o k'gjf{; gLlt ;DalGwt dGqfno tyf cfof]ux¿;Fu /fli6«o of]hgf /fli6«o k'gjf{; gLlt
th'd{ f ug]{ k/fdz{ u/L gLlt th{d' f u/L :jLs[t ug]{ . cfof]u th'd{ f x'g] .
@= :yfgLo hgtfn] k|fKt :jb]zL tyf ljb]zL nufgLaf6 hnljB't\ s_ pmhf{ dGqfno :yfgLo hgtfn]
ug]{ ;'ljwf ;'lglZrt cfof]hgfx¿sf] ljsf; ubf{ ;j{;fwf/0f v_ :yfgLo ;]o/, >d aG8, pmhf{
ug]{ . hgtf, >lds / :yfgLo lgsfox¿sf] lgsfox¿ aG8 cflb k|fKt ug]{ .
Ifdtfg';f/ kl/jt{g of]Uo ;]o/, k|fylds
;]o/, >d aG8 pmhf{ aG8 cflbsf] ¿kdf
nufgL u/fO{ ljsf; ug{k' g]{ .

$_ hnljB't\ ljsf;sf nflu cfjZos tYofª\s, ;DefJotf cWoog / PsLs[t u'? of]hgfsf] cefj x'g' .
;'wf/
!= b]zel/sf ;Defljt s_ :jb]zL hn;|ft] ljbx¿sf] ljB't\ ljsf; hn;|ft] sf] PsLs[t
;Dk"0f{ hn ljB't\ k/fdz{df, k|fljlws cWoog ljefu tYofÍs tof/ x'g] .
cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;+:yfgsf :gftsf]Q/ /
km]xl/:t tof/ ug]{ . laBfjfl/wL cg';Gwfgsf] ;d]t
ljifo agfP/ tof/ kfg]{ .
v_ b]z e/sf cv08 axfj ePsf
;Dk"0f{ vf]nfx¿sf] lj:t[t cWoog
ug]{ .
@= gbL a]l;g u'?of]hgf s_ pmhf{ If]qsf lj1 / ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿;Fu hn tyf pmhf{ %^ a6f gbL a]l;gsf
lgdf{0f ug]{ . /fo lnO{ :jb]zL hn;|ft] ljbx¿sf] cfof]usf] u'?of]hgf tof/ x'g] .
k/fdz{df tof/ kfg]{ . ;lrjfno
v_ b]zleqsf k|fljlws cWoog ;+:yfgsf
:gftsf]Q/ / ljBfjfl/wL cg';Gwfgsf]
;d]t ljifo agfP/ tof/ kfg]{ .
#= /fli6«o hn;|ft] hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnodf ;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf
;"rgf s]Gb| :yfkgf :yfkgf ug]{ . eO{ ;~rfngdf
ug]{ . cfpg] .
%_ kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ubf{ :yfgLo hgtfsf] xs clwsf/sf] s'/f pl7/x]sf] cj:yfdf :yfgLo hgtfn] kfpg]
clwstd kmfObfsf] ls6fg gx'g' .
kl/jt{g
!= ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] s_ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf s_ pmhf{ dGqfno ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf]
;fdflhs ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿sf] ;fdflhs v_ cfof]hgf ;fdflhs pQ/bfloTj
pQ/bfloTjaf/] k|:6 pQ/bfloTj ls6fg ug]{ . k|j4{s k|:6 x'g] .
gLlt agfpg] /
sfof{Gjog ug]{ . v_ cfof]hgf k|j4{s, :yfgLo hgtf /
hgk|ltlglwaLr ;dembf/L u/L nfu"
ug]{ .
@= :yfgLo hgtfn] kfpg] ljB't, ul/g] nufgL / :yfgLo pmhf{ dGqfno :yfgLo hgtfsf] xs
clwstd kmfObfaf/] hgtfn] ug{kg]{ Tofusf] cfwf/df clwsf/sf] :ki6
:ki6 gLltut Joj:yf :yfgLo hgtfn] kfpg] clwstd gLltut Joj:yf x'g] .
ug]{ . kmfObfsf] ls6fg ug]{ .

^_ g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f :jo+ g} kl/of]hgf ljsf; / lgodgsf/L ;+:yfsf ¿kdf /xFbf lghL If]qn] ljB't\
ahf/df cfkm\gf] g]=lj=kf| =;uF ;dfg x}l;ot g/x]sf] cg'el" t ul//x]sfn] ljB't\ If]qnfO{ lgodg ug{sf nflu lgikIf
lgsfosf] cefj /x]sf] u'gf;f] lghL If]qn] ul//x]sf] cj:yf /xg' .
kl/jt{g
!= ljB't\ If]qsf] :jtGq ;+;b\\af6 P]g agfO{ u7g ug]{ . pmhf{ dGqfno lgodg lgsfo u7g
lgodg lgsfo u7g x'g] .
ug]{ .
&_ 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] s/, /f]oN6L / z'Ns lgwf{/0f d'ns

' sf] lxtdf gePsf] egL k|rf/ x'g' .
kl/jt{g
!= 7"nf hnljB't\ lgof{tsf] xsdf k|lt:kwL{ sDkgL 5gf}6 pmhf{ dGqfno lgof{ t d' n s ljB' t \
cfof]hgfnfO{ lghL ubf{ låkIfLo tyf ax'kIfLo ;DaGwsf cfof]hgfsf] k|lt:kwL{
If]qnfO{ lbFbf s'/fnfO{ klg ;f]rdf /fvL /fi6«nfO{ x'g] sDkgL 5gf} 6 ug] {
k|lt:kwf{Tds kmfObfx¿, tNnf]–t6Lo /fi6«n] Aoxf]g{] kf/bzL{ cfwf/ tof/
k|lqmofaf6 lbg] . nufgL cg'kft jf cGo s'g} cfwf/x¿, x'g] .
k|:tfljt lgMz'Ns pmhf{ cltl/Qm
/f]oN6L, cltl/Qm k|ltd]ufjf6 lbg] cu|
b:t'/ cflbsf] cfwf/df ug]{ lgb]l{ zsf
tof/ kfg]{ .
*_ 7"nf hnljB't\ cfof]hgf lghL If]qnfO{ lgdf{0fsf] cg'dlt lbFbf tt\–tt\ cfof]hgf /fi6« lxt / /0fgLlts
dxTjsf /x]sf] / /fHon] To:tf kl/of]hgf ljb]zLnfO{ ;'Dk]sf] cf/f]k nfUg] cj:yf /xg' .
kl/jt{g
!= %) d]ufjf6eGbf %) d]ufjf6eGbf dflysf hnfzoo'Qm pmhf{ dGqfno, lgb] { l zsf tof/ eO{
dflysf hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfsf] hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]uaf6 hn tyf pmhf{ sfof{Gjog x'g] .
cfof]hgfsf] l;kmfl/; lglZrt cfwf/ cg'¿k ePsf] l;kmfl/; cfof]usf]
/ k|fljlws tyf / k|fljlws tyf cfly{s ;xdlt k|fKt ;lrjno
cfly{s ;xdlt lbg] ug'k{ g]{ . ;fy} lgof{td"ns hnljB't\
;DaGwL gLlt . cfof]hgfsf] k|j4{sn] /fli6«o pmhf{
gLlt;Fu tfnd]n ePsf] ;xdltkq k|fKt
ug'k{ g]{ Joj:yf ug]{ ;DaGwL lgodfjnL
agfpg] .

(_ ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu, ljB't\ k|flws/0f, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnoaLrdf ;dGjo gePsfn] lghL
If]qnfO{ ;d:of kl//x]sf] u'gf;f] 5 . ;a} sfo{x¿ Ps} åf/af6 x'g] cj:yf agfpgsf nflu / pmhf{ gLltcg'¿k
sfo{ ;Dkfbg eP gePsf] cg'udg sfo{ klg gePsf] / lg/Gt/ nf]8;]l8ª eO/x]sf] cj:yf /xg' .
kl/jt{g
!= ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu, ljB't\ pmhf{ dGqfno ;ldlt u7g x'g] / sfo{
ljB't\ k|flws/0f, hn k|flws/0f, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] k|f/De x'g] .
tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnoaLrdf ;dGjo ug{ / /fli6«o
;lrjfnoaLrdf nIo k|fKt ug{sf nflu cg'udgsf]
;dGjo ;DaGwL ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{ h;df ltg} j6f
;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{ . ;+:yfsf k|d'vx¿ nufotsf] a9Ldf
kfFr hgfsf] ;ldlt u7g ug]{ .
!)_ hnljB't\ ;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ cg'dlt kq Pp6} :yfgaf6 lbg] Joj:yf gx'Fbf ljleGg lgsfox¿aLrsf] cfk;L
;dGjosf] cefjn] ubf{ ;a}vfn] hnljB't\ lgdf{tfx¿nfO{ c;lhnf] / cgfjZos l9nfO x'g' .
kl/jt{g
!= ljB't\ If]qsf /fli6«o tyf k|fb]lzs lgodg lgsfox¿ ljB't\ ljsf; ljB't\ If]qsf
sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt dfkm{t ljB't\ If]qsf sf/f]af/;Fu ljefu sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt
;Dk"0f{ cg'dltkqx¿ ;DalGwt ;Dk"0f{ cg'dltkqx¿ ;/n ;Dk"0f{ cg'dltkqx¿
;/n tl/sfaf6 tl/sfaf6 kfpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg] . ;/n tl/sfaf6 kfpg]
kfpg] Joj:yf csf]{ Joj:yf geP;Dd ljB't\ ljsf; Joj:yf x'g] .
;DaGwL gLlt ljefudfkm{t cg'dltkq hf/L ug]{ . ;a}
cg'dlt kqx¿sf] k|flKtsf] ;dofa4
;Ldf tf]Sg] ;f] ;do;Ldfleq s'g}
k|lts[of gcfPdf :jtM :jLs[t ePsf]
dflgg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
@= ljB't\ If]qsf ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu, hn tyf pmhf{ pmhf{ dGqfno ljB't\ If]qsf
sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, jg dGqfno, sf/f]af/;Fu ;DalGwt
PsLs[t sf/afxL jftfj/0f dGqfno pmhf{ dGqfno / / k|lqmof ;/n tl/sfaf6
Joj:yf ;DaGwL gLlt fli6«o of]hgf cfof]usf tkm{af6 Ps– sfof{Gjog x'g] .
Ps hgf k|ltlglw ePsf] ;ldlt agfpg]
/ o;n] hnljB'td\ f b|"t k|lqmof /
sfof{Gjogsf nflu sfo{ ug]{ . ljleGg
lgsfodf hnljB'ts \ f] If]qdf 5l/tf]
sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf nflu sfo{ ug]{ .

!!_ 7"nf kl/of]hgf ;~rfng ug{ ;lGw–;Demf}tf /fli6«o ;/f]sf/sf] d'2f x'g' .
kl/jt{g
!= tNnf]–t6Lo kmfObf dflyNnf]–] t6Lo b]zdf hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgf pmhf{ dGqfno tNnf]–t6Lo kmfObf /
kl/df0fLs/0f / nfe aGbf tNnf]–t6Lo d'ns ' nfO{ pknAw x'g nfe kl/df0fLs/0f /
afF8kmfF6 ;DaGwL gLlt hfg] lgolGqt kfgLaf6 x'g] l;FrfO, af9L n]vfhf]vf x'g] .
lgoGq0fh:tf kmfObfx¿ af/]df a[xt\
5nkmn rnfO{ k|rlnt cGt/f{li6«o sfg"g,
;lGwx¿ / cg'ejsf cfwf/df tNnf]–t6Lo
kmfObf kl/df0fLs/0f / nfe afF8kmfF6sf]
k|of]hgfy{ ;/n / sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lhnf]
df]8n] ljsf; ug{ sfo{bn u7g ug]{ .
!@_ sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf cg'dltkqx¿sf] ;DaGwdf cfjZos sf/afxL gx'g' .
kl/jt{g
!= sfof{Gjog x'g s_ cg'dltkq k|fKt u/L, cfjZos cWoog pmhf{ dGqfno cfof]hgfsf] nfO;]G;
g;s]sf cg'dltkq ;DkGg u/L, p=v=;=+ eO{ tf]lsPsf] vf/]hLsf] ;+Vof .
x¿nfO{ cfjZos cjlwleq cfof]hgf lgdf{0f ;'? ug{
sf/afxL ug]{ . g;s]sf / cg'dltkq lnO{ cWoog
cflb gu/Lsg a;]sf k|j4{sx¿sf]
gfd;lxt cfof] h gfx¿sf] ;" l r
;fj{hlgs ug]{ .
v_ cg'dltkq bftfn] ;DalGwt cg'dlt
kqjfnfx¿nfO{ cfof]hgf ljsf; ug{
k|rlnt sfg"g lgodsf] clwgdf /xL
cfkm}+ ;do ;Ldf tf]Sg nufpg] .
u_ tf]lsPsf] ;do ;Ldfleq sfd ;'?
gug]{ cg'dltkqjfnfx¿sf] cg'dltkq
/2 u/L To:tf cfof]hgfx¿nfO{
k|lt:kwf{Tds ¿kdf ljsf; ug{
cfd¿kdf k|:tfj cfXjfg ug]{ .
3_ cg'dltkq lnO{ cWoog tyf ljB't\
vl/b ;Demf}tf eO{ pko'Q{ m sf/0faf6
cg'dltkq /2 ePsf k|j4{sx¿sf]
kl/of]hgf ;DaGwL vr{ ;f] cfof]hgfsf]
cg'dltkq kfpg] gofF ;+:yfjf6
;f]wegf{ u/fpg] .

!#_ s_ bL3{sfnLg /fli6«o hnljB't\ of]hgf cg'¿k ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ lgdf{0f / ;~rfng eP gePsf]
cg'udg / d'Nofª\sg x'g g;Sg' .
v_ ;/sf/ kl/jt{g;Fu} gLlt, of]hgf tyf sfo{qmd kl/jt{g x'g' .
kl/jt{g
!= gLlt, of]hgf tyf ljleGg ;dodf g]kfn ;/sf/n] th'd{ f g]kfn ;/sf/ gLlt lgod /
sfo{qmdsf] lg/Gt/tf u/]sf gLlt, lgod tyf ;~rfng u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿sf] cfjlws
sfo{qmdk|lt /fhgLlts txdf k|lta4tf d"Nofª\sg x'g] .
sfod u/L To:tf gLlt, lgodcGtu{t
cl3 a9]sf k|lqmofx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
!$= ;8ssf] lj:tf/ u|fdL0f e]udf b"|tQ/ ultdf eP klg hnljB't\ kl/of]hgfsf] cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut
gul/g' .
kl/jt{g
!= k"jf{wf/ lgdf{0fdf u| f dL0f ;8s lgdf{ 0 fsf sfo{ x ¿df ef}lts of]hgf tyf ;8ssf] ;DefJotf
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfnfO{ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ;d]t ;DefJotfsf] lgdf{0f, pmhf{ / cWoog, l8hfOg /
k|fyldstfsf cfwf/df cfwf/df To;df /fHon] nufgL ug]{ . ;f] :yfgLo ljsf; lgdf{0f x'Fbf ;DefJo
ug]{ . /sd hnljB'ts \ f] /f]oN6Laf6 k|fKt /sdsf] dGqfno hnljB't\ cfof]hgf
s]xL c+znfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ ljsf;sf nfeflGjt x'g] .
nflu eg]/ 5'6\ofpg] Joj:yf ug]{ .
!%_ n3' hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf nflu clwsf+z d]l;g pksf/0f g]kfndf pTkfbg eO/x]sf] t/ ;fgf hnljB'ts
\ f
d]l;g/L oGq :jb]zdf pTkfbg x'g g;Sg' .
kl/jt{g
!= d]l;g tyf pks/0f hnljB't\sf nflu cfjZos d]l;g tyf pBf]u dGqfno ljB't\ cfof]hgfsf
:jb]zd} pTkfbg ug]{ pks/0f pTkfbgsf nflu ;fj{hlgs, nflu cfjZos d]l;g
pBf]usf k|j4{g ug]{ . lghL, lghL–;fj{hlgs If]q ;fem]bf/L jf pks/0f g]kfndf
lghL–;xsf/L–;fem]bf/Ldf oGq pks/0f pTkfbg x'g yfNg] .
:jb]zL pBf]u k|j4{gsf nflu cfjZos
d]l;g cfoftdf s/ ;x'lnot, ;x'lnot
C0f tyf cfos/ ;x'lnot nufotsf
of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ .

kl/R5]b &
hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj *

&=! e"ldsf
hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] jiff{, af9L / gbLsf] axfjnfO{ k|efljt u/L ljB't\ pTkfbg, h}ljs ljljwtf / vfB ;'/Iff
k|f0fLsf] :jf:Yonufot jx'cfoflds If]qdf k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ x'G5 . ;du|df hn;|ft] sf] lbuf] ljsf; /
Joj:yfkgsf nflu hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] hn;|ft] df kfg]{ k|efjx¿sf] ;xL cfFsng x'g' cTofjZos ePsf] 5 .
d"ntM hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] hn;|ft] df kfg]{ k|efjx¿sf] ;xL cfFsng ljleGg df]8n ] x¿sf] k|of]ujf6 ug{ ;lsG5
t/ k|fljlws ;Ifdtf / nfdf] cjlwsf] hn tyf df};dsf] cfFs8fsf] cefj xfd|f] nflu d'Vo r'gf}lt /x]sf] 5 .
g]kfndf cjl:yt *! j6f jiff{ dfkg s]Gb|sf] cfFs8fx¿nfO{ ljZn]if0f ubf{ t/fO{ / klZrd g]kfndf jiff{sf] dfqf
36]sf], klZrd g]kfnsf] kxf8L If]q / k"jL{ g]kfnsf] pQ/L efudf jiff{sf] dfqf a9]sf] tyf k"jL{ / dWo efudf jiff{sf]
dfqf 36]sf] 5 . ;du|df x]bf{ g]kfndf jflif{s cf};t jiff{sf] dfqf (=* ldlnld6/ k|ltbzsn] 3l6/x]sf] b]lvG5 .
g]kfnsf] tLg d'Vo gbL a]l;g–sf]zL, u08sL / s0ff{nLsf] kfgLsf] jflif{s axfj 3l6/x]sf] b]lvG5 eg] blIf0fL
j]l;gsf] kfgLsf] jflif{s axfj a9]sf] b]lvG5 . o;}u/L kfgLsf] axfjsf] P]ltxfl;s cfFs8fx¿nfO{ x]bf{ dg;'gdf
dfl;s kfgLsf] axfj 36]sf] 5 eg] cGo dlxgfdf a9]sf] b]lvG5 . kfgLsf] axfjsf] cfFs8fx¿sf] ljZn]if0faf6
hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] pRr kxf8L e"efudf dg;'g jiff{ sd ePsf] / blIf0fL kxf8L e"efudf dg;'g jiff{ a9L ePsf]
b]lvG5 . ;du|df a]l;gsf kfgLsf] s'n axfjdf s'g} pNn]vgLo kl/jt{g gb]lvP tfklg dfl;s ¿kdf k|fKt x'g]
kfgLsf] dfqfdf hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj 68\sf/f] ¿kdf b]lvG5 . o; lsl;dsf] gbLsf] kfgLsf] axfjdf
kl/jt{g x'Fbf gbLsf] kfgLsf] ;d'lrt pkof]udf k|efj kg]{ x'G5 .
;g\ !(^! b]lv lxpF tyf lxd gbLsf] ljleGg cWoog cg';Gwfgaf6 ljZjJofkL¿kdf eO/x]sf] tfkqmd j[l4n]
g]kfnsf] lxdfn kUng yfn]sf] / lxd gbLx¿sf] If]qkmn 36\g uO{ qmdzM lxdtfndf kl/0ft eO/x]sf] kfOPsf]
5 . o;n] ubf{ tTsfn gbLx¿df kfgLsf] axfj a9] tfklg kl5 uP/ gbLx¿df lxd gbLaf6 cfpg] kfgLsf] dfqf
qmdzM 36\b} hfg] x'G5 . ;fy} lxdgbLx¿ qmdzM lxdtfndf kl/0ft eO/x]sf] cj:yfdf tL lxdtfnx¿ lj:kmf]6g
x'g] ;Defjgf klg a9]sf] 5 .
tfkqmd j[l4n] lxpF tyf lxd gbLsf] cj:yfnfO{ dfq k|efj kfb}g{ jiff{sf] :j¿knfO{ klg kl/jt{g ub{5 . g]kfnsf]
dflyNnf] efudf x'g] u/]sf] lxdkft -h'g kfgLsf] k|fs[lts e08f/ xf]_ tfkqmd j[l4n] jiff{df kl/0ft x'g hfG5 . o;
cj:yfdf tL If]qdf lxdkft geO{ kfgL g} kg]{ x'gfn] tNnf] t6df af9Lsf] dfqf pNn]Vo ¿kdf a9\g5 ] .
* o; zLif{s cGtu{t k|:t't ul/Psf clwsf+z ljifoj:t'x? hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] u/]sf] “Water Resources of Nepal in
the context of Climate Change” cWoog tyf National Adaptation Program of Actions (NAPA) sf] nflu tof/ ePsf] “Water and Energy
Thematic Group” sf] d:of}bf k|ltj]bgdf cfwfl/t 5 .
kl/R5]b–&, hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj 62

&=@ hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] k|efj

;g\ @)!$ ;Dddf cfGtl/s k|of]hgsf nflu !**& d]ufjf6, ;g\ @)!% b]lv @)!( ;Dddf cfGtl/s / lgof{t
k|of]hgsf nflu !@$@# d]ufjf6 / ;g\ @)@!b]lv @)@( ;Dd #&^@* d]ufjf6 Ifdtf a/fa/sf] hnljB't\ pTkfbg
ug{ hnfzoxLg / hnfzoo'Qm k|s[ltsf ljleGg ;fgf, demf}nf, 7"nf, tyf jx'p2]ZoLo cfof]hgfx¿sf] 5gf}6
ul/Psf] 5 -v08–# cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf_ . o; kl/k|I] odf ljZjJofkL ¿kdf b]lvPsf]
hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] ;jfnn] jL; jif{df @% xhf/ d]ufjf6 a/fa/sf] hnljB't\ ljsf; ug]{ of]hgfdf kfg{ ;Sg]
c;/sf] ;+lIfKt ljj]rgf ug{ h?/L 5 .
g]kfnsf] hn / phf{ If]qdf ul/Psf] j:t'l:ylt cWoogsf] cfwf/df tfkqmdsf] cj:yfnfO{ b[li6ut ubf{
ljZjJofkL ¿kdf eO/x]sf] tfkqmd j[l4sf] k|efj xfd|f] hn;|ft] df kg{ ;Sg] tYonfO{ gsfg{ ;lsg] cj:yf 5}g .
cfO=lk=l;=l;= @))& sf] k|ltj]bg cg';f/ hnjfo' rqm / kl/jlt{t tfkqmdsf] ;DjGw cGof]Gofl>t /x]sf] tYo
:yflkt eO;s]sf]n] hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] sf/0fn] hnjfo' rqm / hnjfo' k|0ffnLdf k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5
h;sf] sf/0fn] g]kfnsf] hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgfx¿df k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ cj:yf 5 .
g]kfnsf clwsf+z hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ jif{el/df gbLdf pknAw x'g] kfgLsf] axfj dWo ^% k|ltztsf] dfqfdf
l8hfOg ul/Psf] cj:yfdf of] kfgLsf] dfqf df};d kl/jt{gsf] sf/0fn] pNn]Vo ¿kdf 36\g uO{ hn / phf{
pTkfbgdf k|ToIf c;/ kg{ hfg] x'G5 . ljleGg cWoogx¿n] of] kfgLsf] dfqf sl/a !$ k|ltztn] 36\g ;Sg]
b]vfPsf] 5 . o; cj:yfn] cfly{s ¿kn] ;DefJo cfof]hgfx¿df k|ToIf k|efj kfg]{ b]lvG5 .
o;}u/L xfjfsf] tfkqmd a9\bf lxd gbL klUnO{ axfj a9\g] x'Fbf hnljB't\ Ifdtf a9L cfFsng x'g] t/ kl5 uP/
lxd gbLsf] e08f/ 36\bf ljB't\ u[xsf] hl8t Ifdtfcg';f/ ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g ;Sb}g .
100 o;}u/L pknAw cfFs8fx¿ ljZn]if0f ubf{ 10 000g]kfndf @) k|ltzt jiff{n] () k|ltzt afn'jf / u]uf| g aufpFb5 . klx/f]
/ e"Ifo g]kfnsf] gbL–vf]nfdf aUg] afn'jf / u]u|fgsf] d'Vo ;|ft] xf] . jiff{sf] dfqf a9\gfn] klx/f] / e"Ifodf
Production
Concentration
Sediment concentration [PPM]
80
a9f]Q/L eO{ gbL / vf]nfx¿df afn'j8f 000 / u]u|fgx¿sf] dfqf a9\bf Psflt/ ljB't\ hnfzosf] cfotg 36L ljB't\
Production [MW]
60 pTkfbgdf sdL cfpg] b]lvG5 eg] cToflws 6 000 afn'jfsf s0fx¿n] ljB't\ u[xsf 6jf{Og{ sf] cfo' 36fOlbG5 . o;
lsl;dsf] 6jf{Og{ sf] Ifltsf] nfut pQm a]nfdf x'g] ljB't\ pTkfbgaf6 k|fKt /fh:jeGbf s}of}+ u'0ff a9L x'g ;Sg]
40
b]lvG5 . o;n] ubf{ 6jf{Og{ df afn'j4fsf 000
s0f a9L cfpg] ;dodf ljB't\ pTkfbg ug{e' Gbf aGb ug{' a9L kmfObf
20 x'g] b]lvG5 . tnsf] lrq g+= &=! n] 2l´d?s000 hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf nfebfos ljB't\ u[x ;~rfng k4ltnfO{
k|:t't u/]sf] 5 .
0 0
00:00 06:00 12:00
Time [hours]
18:00 00:00 lrq g+= &=! lemd?s hn ljB't\u[xsf] nfebfos
ljB't\u[x ;~rfng k4lt
hnjfo' kl/jt{gn] ubf{ hnljB't\ ljsf;df
kg{ ;Sg] s]xL k|dv ' k|efjx¿ lgDgadf]lhd
/x]sf 5g\ .
• a9\bf] tfkqmdsf] sf/0fn] kfgLsf] e08f/
-lxdfn / lxd gbL_ klUnO{ ;'?df
vf]nf / gbLx¿df cToflws axfj x'g]
/ kl5 uP/ lxdfn / lxd gbLaf6 x'g]
axfj qmdzM 36\b} uO{ tNnf] t6df
ul/g] hnljB't\ ljsf;nfO{ kfgLsf]
pknAwtfsf] lx;fjn] k|ToIf k|efj kg]{ .

• tfkqmd a9\gfn] lxdtfn lj:kmf]6gsf] ;Defjgf a9L x'g] / lj:kmf]6g ePsf] v08df tNnf] t6df ljsf;
ul/Psf] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfnfO{ Iflt k'Ug'sf ;fy} lxdtfn lj:kmf]6gaf6 cfpg] af9Lsf sf/0faf6
pTkGg x'g] e"Ifo / y]u|fgn]] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfsf] ;~rfngdf k|lts"n k|efj kg]{ .
• jiff{sf] :yfg tyf dfqfdf x'g] kl/jt{g tyf jiff{sf] clglZrttfn] gbL tyf vf]nfsf] jflif{s axfjsf]
dfqfdf kl/jt{g eP/ hnljB't\ cfof]hgfdf cfjZos kfgL pknAw x'g g;Sbf hnljB't\ pTkfbgdf
k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ .
• dg;'gL jiff{sf] ;do / kl/df0fsf] ;xL cfFsng ug{ g;Sbf vf]nf / gbLdf cfpg] af9Lsf] dfqf
lgSof}n{ ug{ ;d:of x'g] / tb\cg'¿k cfof]hgfx¿sf] l8hfOg oyfy{k/s gx'g] .
• jiff{sf] kl/df0f a9\bf e"Ifo klg a9\g] x'gfn] hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿n] cjnDag ug]{ u/]sf y]u|fg
Joj:yfkg tyf ljB't\ u[x ;~rfng ug]{ k4ltdf k|lts"n c;/ kg]{ .
&=# hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;DaGwdf s]xL ;'emfjx¿M

hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf] d'2fn] xfn;Dd klg b]zsf] gLltut txdf :yfg kfO{ g;s]sf] cj:yf
5 . tyflk hnjfo' kl/jt{g ;DaGwL /fli6«o cg'sn " g sfo{of]hgfcGtu{t /fli6«o ¿kdf ‘hn / pmhf{’ ljifodf
g]kfnn] ckgfpg'kg]{ cg'sn " gsf pkfo tyf Joj:yfx¿sf] klxrfg eO/x]sf] 5 . o; sf/0f clxn]sf] cj:yfdf
lgDg adf]lhdsf ;'´fjx¿ k]; ul/Psf 5g\ .
• ljZj;gLo cfFs8fx¿ pknAw u/fpg df}hb' f hn tyf df};d s]Gb|x¿sf] ;~hfnnfO{ a9fpg] /
;'b[9Ls/0f ug]{ .
• lxpF / lxd gbLnufot hn;|ft] sf cfFs8fx¿sf] alnof] cfwf/ v8f ug{ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf]
;lrjfno cGtu{t hn;|ft] ;"rgf s]Gb|sf] :yfkgf u/L hnjfo' kl/jt{gsf ;DaGwdf cWoog tyf
cg';Gwfg ug]{ .
• lxpF / lxd gbLnufot af9Ldfkg ;+oGqsf] ljsf; u/L k"jr { t] fjgL k4ltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
• hnjfo' kl/jt{gaf6 hnljB't\ ljsf;df kg{ hfg] k|efjnfO{ ljZj;gLo ¿kdf a'‰g gbL a]l;gsf]
lx;fan] hnjfo' ;DaGwL df]8n ] x¿sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
• hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿ ljsf; ug]{ qmddf hnjfo' kl/jt{gnfO{ klg dWogh/ u/L tb\cg'¿k l8hfOg
ug]{ .
• jiff{sf] kl/df0f a9\bf klx/f] / e"Ifosf] dfqfdf j[l4 x'gfn] hnfwf/ If]qsf] Joj:yfkgsf ;fy}
hnljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿n] cjnDag ug]{ y]u|fg Joj:yfkg tyf ljB't\ u[x ;~rfng ug]{ k4ltnfO{
hnjfo' kl/jt{g cg'sn " agfpg] .
dfly plNnlvt k|efjx¿sf sf/0fn] ubf{ cfufdL jif{x¿df ul/g] hnljB't\ ljsf;nfO{ k|ToIf c;/ kg]{ b]lvG5 .
cem u}/hnfzoo'Qm cfof]hgfx¿ vf]nfdf lg/Gt/ alu/xg] kfgLdf lge{/ eO{ kfgL ;l~rt ug{ g;Sg] x'gfn]
o:tf cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu rflxg] kfgLsf] pknAwtf ;'lglZrt gx'g ;S5 . o; l:yltdf eljiodf ul/g]
hnljB't\ ljsf;df hnfzoo'Qm k|s[ltsf] cfof]hgfx¿nfO{ a9LeGbf a9L k|fT] ;fxg u/L kfgL ;~ro u/]/ ljB't\
pTkfbg ug]t{ km{ hf]8 lbg h?/L ePsf] 5 .

kl/R5]b *
k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] dfu{lrq
!= k|ltj]bgpk/ pmhf{ dGqfnosf ;fy} ljleGg lgsfox¿af6 /fo÷k|ltlqmof dfu ug]{ / ;f] pknAw
ePkl5 hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] k|ltj]bg kl/dfh{g ug]{ .
@= @) jifL{o hnljB't\ of]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ pRr:t/sf] /fhgLlts ;xdlt / c7f]6 cfjZos ePsfn]
;f] h'6fpg ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ;a} /fhgLlts bnx¿sf] a}7s cfof]hgf u/L /fli6«o
k|lta4tf hfx]/ ug{ hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] kxn ug]{ .
#= pmhf{ dGqfno / /fli6«o of]hgf cfof]u;dIf ;f] k|ltj]bg k|:t't u/L tL lgsfoaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg] .
$= g]kfn ;/sf/ dlGqkl/ifb\af6 ;f] k|ltj]bg :jLs[t u/fpg] .
%= k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf % jif{leq ;DkGg ug'k{ g]{ cfof]hgfx¿dWo] k|fyldstf qmdfg';f/ cfufdL
# jifL{o cGtl/d of]hgfdf ;dfj]z ug{ pmhf{ dGqfnon] kxn ug]{ .
^= g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f cl3 a9fOg] cfof]hgfx¿sf] sfof{G{ jogsf nflu cfufdL cfly{s jif{ @)^&÷^* sf]
ah]6df tL cfof]hgf ;dfj]z ug{ pmhf{ dGqfnoaf6 sf/afxL cl3 a9fpg] .
&= ljB't\ If]qsf] ;+/rgfut ;'wf/sf nflu gLlt tyf sfg"gdf cfjZos ;+zf]wg ug{ pmhf{ dGqfnon]
kxn ug]{ .
*= g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfno, ljB't\ dxz'n
lgwf{/0f cfof]uh:tf lgsfox¿sf] ;+:yfut ;'wf/ Pj+ Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ cfjZos sfo{qmd g]kfn
;/sf/af6 ;'? ug]{ .
(= @) jifL{o hnljB't\ of]hgfaf/] /fhgLlts bn, ;ef;b\, /fhgLlts bnsf eft[ ;+u7g, g]kfn
;/sf/sf ;DalGwt lgsfo, bft[ ;+:yf, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf, pBf]uklt, Jofkf/Lx¿nfO{ hfgsf/L
u/fpg k|ltj]bg ljt/0f, k|:t'tLs/0f tyf 5nkmn ug]{ .
!)= k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ePsf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;DalGwt lgsfox¿n] cf–cfˆgf] jflif{s sfo{qmddf tL
sfo{x¿ ;dfj]z ug]{ .
!!= ljB't\ If]qdf ;/sf/L If]q, lghL If]q / j}bl] zs nufgL j[l4 ug{ cfjZos ljQLo gLlt tyf
sfo{qmddf lg/Gt/tf lbg pmhf{ dGqfnon] kxn ug]{ .
kl/R5]b–*, k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] dfu{lrq 65

!@= jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"NofÍg cWoog, hUuf k|flKt cflb ljifodf b]vf kg]{ ;d:of lg/fs/0fsf nflu
pmhf{ dGqfno, jftfj/0f dGqfno, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno, u[x dGqfno, e"ld;'wf/ tyf Joj:yf
dGqfnosf k|ltlglw ;lDdlnt ;ldlt agfpg] / pQm ;ldltn] Pp6f 7f]; sfo{ljlw tof/ u/L To;sf
cfwf/df sfd ug]{ .
!#= j}slNks pmhf{ k|j4{g s]Gb|n] cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf ;fGble{s ljifox¿nfO{ cfkm\gf]
of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
!$= hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] gbL a]l;g u'? of]hgf th'd{ f ug]{ / To;sf cfwf/df ljB't\
cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf cWoog / nfO;]G; hf/L ug]{ k2lt ljsf; ug]{ .
!%= 7"nf cfof]hgfx¿ h:t}, sf]zL pRr afFw, k~r]Zj/, s0ff{nL–lr;fkfgL cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{
ef/t;Fu /fhgLlts / k|fljlws:t/df jftf{ ;'? ug]{ .
!^= k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ul/Psf cfof]hgf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm -Joj:yfks, OlGhlgo/,
;'k/efOh/, sflnu9, ck/]6/_ sf] cfFsng u/L :jb]z / ljb]zdf tflnd sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{
/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] sfo{qmd th'd{ f ug]{ .
!&= lgdf{0f ;DkGg eO;s]sf cfof]hgfx¿sf] dd{t, ;Def/ / ;~rfng ug{ cfjZos kg]{ hgzlQm
Joj:yfkg ug{ tflnd sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug]{ .
!*= kfj/ xfp;, 6«fG;ld;g nfOg / ljt/0f k|0ffnLdf pkof]u x'g] pks/0f / ;fdfu|Lsf] pTkfbg / dd{t
ug{ b]zleq} sf/vfgf, js{;ksf] :yfkgf ug{ pBf]u dGqfnodfk{mt ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ .
!(= hnljB't\ s]Gb| / 6«fG;ld;g nfOgsf] l;len lgdf{0fsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ lgdf{0f ;fdfu|Lx¿ h:t},
l;d]G6, lu§L, afn'jf, kmnfd] 58, sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] cfk"lt{ :jb]zdf s]–slt x'G5 ;f]sf]
n]vfhf]vf u/L To:tf pBf]usf] :yfkgf lj:tf/ ug{ lghL If]qnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ug]{ .
@)= hnljB't\ cfof]hgf ;DaGwL cWoog ubf{ Ohfhtkq hf/L ubf{ jf ljleGg txdf lg0f{o ubf{
lg0f{ostf{n] k|ltj]bgnfO{ cfwf/ agfpg] kl/kf6L a;fNg] .
@!= hnljB't\sf] ljsf; /fi6«sf] k|fyldstf k|fKt If]qsf] ¿kdf klxrfg eO;s]sf] ;Gbe{df ljZj a}s + ,
Pl;ofnL ljsf; a}s + , cf]ks
] , ;fpbL sf]if, s]=Pkm=8An"=, hfOsf / ljleGg b]zsf PlShd a}s
+ cflb;Fu
o; If]qdf nufgL a9fpg cg'/f]w ug]{ .
@@= cfufdL % jif{kl5 :jb]zsf] dfusf] t'ngfdf ljB't\ pmhf{ a9L pTkfbg x'g] kl/k|I] odf ef/tdf lgof{t
ug{ cfufdL @) jif{sf nflu ef/tLo ljB't\ ahf/sf] cWoog ug{ g]kfn pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;ª\3sf]
;xeflutfdf cWoog ;'? ug]{ .
@#= aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ of]hgfnfO{ ljleGg k|rf/ dfWodaf6 ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;';l" rt ug{ / o;nfO{
lg/Gt/ ?kdf 5nkmnsf] ljifo agfpg pmhf{ dGqfnon] kxn ug]{ .
@$= ;j{;fwf/0fsf] hfgsf/Lsf nflu of] k|ltj]bg pmhf{ dGqfno, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfno,
ljB't\ ljsf; ljefu / g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0fsf] j]a;fO6df /fVg] .
@%= hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]usf] ;lrjfnon] k|To]s % jif{df k|ltj]bgsf] ;dLIff u/L cfjZos kl/dfh{g ub}{
hfg] .
kl/R5]b–*, k|ltj]bg sfof{Gjogsf] dfu{lrq 66

cg';l" rx¿
cg';l" r–! M ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf] ;"lr
cg';l" r–@ M g]kfn ;/sf/åf/f hf/L #* a'bF ] sfo{of]hgf
cg';l" r–$ M k|;f/0f nfOgsf] gS;f
cg';l" r–% M pmhf{ / zlQmsf OsfOx?sf] dfg, kl/jt{g u'0fx? /

ljleGg OGwgsf] pmhf{ cGtj{:t' tflnsf
67
cfly{s jif{ -;g\_ pmhf{sf] cfjZostf pRrtd dfu j[l4b/-%_

-luufjf6 306f_ -d]ufjf6_
2008-09 3,620.4 793.3 7.9
2009-10 4,018.4 878.8 10.8
2010-11 4,430.7 967.1 10.1
2011-12 4,851.3 1,056.9 9.3
2012-13 5,349.6 1,163.2 10.1
2013-14 5,859.9 1,271.7 9.3
2014-15 6,403.8 1,387.2 9.1
2015-16 6,984.1 1,510.0 8.9
2016-17 7,603.7 1,640.8 8.7
2017-18 8,218.8 1,770.2 7.9
2018-19 8,870.2 1,906.9 7.7
2019-20 9,562.9 2,052.0 7.6
2020-21 10,300.1 2,206.0 7.5
2021-22 11,053.6 2,363.0 7.1
2022-23 11,929.1 2,545.4 7.7
2023-24 12,870.2 2,741.1 7.7
2024-25 13,882.4 2,951.1 7.7
2025-26 14,971.2 3,176.7 7.6
2026-27 16,142.7 3,418.9 7.6
2027-28 17,403.6 3,679.1 7.6
2028-29 18,761.0 3,966.1 7.8
2029-30 20,222.7 4,275.1 7.8
2030-31 21,797.1 4,607.9 7.8
;|ft] M g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f, jflif{s k|ltj]bg, @)^^
cg';l" r–% M pmhf{ / zlQmsf OsfOx¿sf] dfg, kl/jt{g u'0fx¿ / ljleGg OGwgsf] pmhf{ cGtj{:t' tflnsf
tflnsf !M pmhf{sf] kl/efiff, kl/jt{g u'0fsx¿ / ljleGg OGwgx¿sf] pmhf{ cGtj{:t'

pmhf{M pmhf{ eGgfn] sfd ug{ ;Sg] IfdtfnfO{ hgfpF5 . o;sf] cfwf/e"t OsfO h'n (Joule-J) xf] .
! d]ufh'n (MJ) !)^ h'n ! bznfv h'n
(
! u]ufh'n (GJ) !) h'n ! c/j h'n
!@
! 6]/fh'n (TJ) !) h'n !) vj{ h'n
!%
! k]6fh'n (PJ) !) h'n ! xhf/ vj{ h'n
!*
! PS;fh'n (EJ) !) h'n ! c/j c/j h'n
tflnsf @M zlQmsf] kl/efiff, kl/jt{g u'0fsx¿ / ljleGg OGwgx¿sf] pmhf{ cGtj{:t'
zlQm M zlQm eGgfn] pmhf{ k|lt ;do OsfO xf] . o;sf] cfwf/e"t OsfO jf6 (Watt) xf], / o;sf nflu lgDg
OsfOx¿ k|of]u ul/G5g\ .
! jf6 (W) ! h'n÷;]=
! lsnf]jf6 (kW) !)# jf6 !,))) jf6
! d]ufjf6 (MW) !)# lsnf]jf6 !,))) lsnf]jf6
a] n fa] n fdf, ljB' t \ pmhf{ s f nflu lgDg OsfOx¿ klg k| o f] u ul/G5g\ .
! lsnf]jf6306f (kWh) !)# jf6306f !,))) jf6306f

! d]ufjf6306f (MWh) !)# lsnf]jf6306f !,))) lsnf]jf6306f
! u]ufjf6306f (GWh) !)^ lsnf]jf6306f bz nfv lsnf]jf6306f
! 6]/fjf6306f (TWh) !)( lsnf]jf6306f ! c/j lsnf]jf6306f
tflnsf #M kl/jt{ g u' 0 fsx¿ / ljleGg OGwgx¿sf] cf} ; t z} 4 flGts pmhf{ cGtj{ : t'
OsfO d]=h'= ls=jf=3= 6=t]=j= :6f=3=ld= s=t]=Jof= bf=ef/L
Uof;
! d]ufh'n ! )=@&* )=))))@#^ )=)@% )=)))!&^ )=))))&*!
! lsnf]jf6306f #=^ ! )=))))*% )=)( )=)))^#% )=)))@*
! 6g t]n a/fa/ $@,#)) !!,&%) ! !,!() &=$( #=#!
! :6}G88{ 3gld6/ Uof; $) !!=!! )=)))*$ ! )=))^@( )=))@&(
! sRrf t]n Aof/n %,^%) !,%^( )=!#$ !%( ! )=$$
! bfp/fsf] ef/L* !@,*)) #,%%^ )=#)@ #%( @=@% !
-@=$ v'sn
' f] 3gld6/_
* lr:ofgsf] dfqfdf e/ kg]{ .

Twenty Year Task Force Report - Merged

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Twenty Year Task Force Report - Merged

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

g]kfn ;/sf/

dlGqkl/ifb\sf] ldlt @)^^÷)%÷!) sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ ul7t

g]=lj=kf| = – g]kfn ljB't\ k|flws/0f

aL; jifL{o hnljB't\ ljsf; of]hgf th'd{ f sfo{bn

@= pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yfM

cf=j= @)^^–^& af] ah]6 jQmJo

!=!=@ sfo{bnsf] sfof{b]z

pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf

kl/R5]b–@, pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf 6

tflnsf @=! pmhf{ k|of]usf ;|ft] x?

-xhf/ luufh' n df_

;|ft] M g]kfnsf] pmhf{ k|ltj]bg @))^, hn tyf pmhf{ cfof]u

kl/R5]b–@, pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf 7

@=# pmhf{sf] dfu k|If]k0f tyf ljZn]if0f

/fli6«o lu|8sf] /fli6«o lu|8sf]

kl/R5]b–@, pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf 8

kl/R5]b–@, pmhf{sf] dfu / cfk"lt{sf] cj:yf 9

cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 10

^= ljB't\ vl/b–ljqmL ;Demf}tfsf %= cfof]hgfsf] ;DefJotf -k|fljlws,

*= ljB't\ pTkfbgsf] cg'dltsf nflu cfof]hgfsf]

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 11

#=# cfof]hgfsf] 5gf}6 tyf juL{s/0f

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 12

4. tNnf] OGb|fjtL 4.5 1.287

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 13

tflnsf #=# ;g\ @)!$ ;Dd g]=lj=k|f=åf/f lgdf{0f x'g] cfof]hgfx¿

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 14

#=#=@ !) jif{leq -;g\ @)!( ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿ M

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 15

tflnsf #=* lghL If]qaf6 lgof{t k|of]hgsf nflu lgdf{0ffwLg cfof]hgfx¿

#=#=# !% jif{leq -;g\ @)@$ ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿M

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 16

#=#=$ @) jif{leq -;g\ @)@( ;Dd_ ;DkGg ul/g] cfof]hgfx¿M

oL cfof]hgfx¿af6 s'n !*)#$ d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg x'g5

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 17

#=$ cfof]hgfsf] ljQLo Joj:yf

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 18

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 19

#=%=@ dflyNnf] tfdfsf]zL hnljB't\ cfof]hgf

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 20

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 21

#=^ cfof]hgf ljsf;;DaGwL ;jfn tyf ;'emfjx¿M

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 22

@_ ljB't\ cfof]hgfx¿sf nflu cfjZos ef}lts k"jf{wf/x¿sf] kof{Kttf gx'g' .

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 23

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 24

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 25

kl/R5]b–#, cfof]hgf 5gf}6, juL{s/0f tyf ljQLo Joj:yf 26

$=@=@ pmhf{ /0fgLltsf] kl/k|]Ioodf

cfly{s jif{ -;g\_ pRrtd dfu -d]ufjf6_

kl/R5]b–$, k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg 27

$=# k|;f/0f nfOg

kl/R5]b–$, k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg 28

tflnsf g+= $=@ k|:tfljt ljB't\ k|;f/0f nfOgx¿

cfof]hgf ljj/0f ;DkGg x'g]

kl/R5]b–$, k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg 29

@)= sf]xnk'/–;'vt{] !#@ s]=eL= k|;f/0f nfOg 55 1 840,000 cf=j=)&)÷&!

kl/R5]b–$, k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg 30

#= ldr}o{ f–s6f/L !#@ s]=eL=k|=nf= cfof]hgf 20 1 348,400 cf=j=)&)÷&!

s'n hDdf 3205 74 73,740,516

$=$ efjL of]hgf

kl/R5]b–$, k|;f/0f tyf ahf/ Joj:yfkg 31