CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT NAM

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V L T CHT THI CNG NGHIP
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Waste Incinerator

H NI - 2012

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

Li ni u
QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT do T son tho Thng t
ban hnh Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht
thi rn y t v Quy chun k thut quc gia v l
t cht thi cng nghip bin son, V Khoa hc v
Cng ngh, V Php ch trnh duyt v c ban
hnh theo Thng t s 27/2012/TT-BTNMT ngy 28
thng 12 nm 2012 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v
Mi trng.

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

QUY CHUN K THUT QUC GIA

V L T CHT THI CNG NGHIP
National Technical Regulation on Industrial Waste Incinerator
1. QUY NH CHUNG
1.1. Phm vi iu chnh
Quy chun ny quy nh cc yu cu k thut v mi trng i vi l t cht
thi cng nghip.
1.2. i tng p dng
Quy chun ny p dng i vi t chc, c nhn sn xut, nhp khu, kinh
doanh (phn phi), s dng l t cht thi cng nghip trn lnh th nc
Cng ha x hi ch ngha Vit Nam; c quan qun l nh nc v mi
trng; n v ly mu, phn tch v cc t chc, c nhn c lin quan.
1.3. Gii thch t ng
Trong Quy chun ny, cc t ng di y c hiu nh sau:
1.3.1. Cht thi cng nghip (sau y vit tt l CTCN) l nhng cht thi
pht sinh t cc qu trnh cng nghip, gm c cht thi nguy hi v cht thi
khng nguy hi (cht thi thng thng).
1.3.2. L t CTCN l h thng thit b x l CTCN bng phng php thiu
t km theo h thng x l kh thi.
1.3.3. Vng t (hoc bung t) l cc khu vc s dng nhit ca l t
CTCN, gm c:
a) Vng t s cp l khu vc s dng nhit chuyn ha cht thi thnh
th kh v th rn (tro x, bi);
b) Vng t th cp l khu vc s dng nhit cao thiu t cc thnh
phn ca dng kh c chuyn ha t vng t s cp.
1.3.4. Thi gian lu chy (retention time) l thi gian dng kh lu chuyn t
im vo n im ra ca vng t th cp iu kin nhit quy nh ti
Bng 1 ca Quy chun ny.
1.3.5. Kh thi l hn hp cc thnh phn vt cht pht thi ra mi trng
khng kh t ng khi ca l t CTCN.
1.3.6. Tro x l cc cht rn cn li sau khi thiu t cht thi trong l t
CTCN.
1.3.7. Bi l tn gi chung cho bi v tro bay pht sinh trong qu trnh thiu
t cht thi, c gi li trong qu trnh x l kh thi.
1.3.8. Cng sut (capacity) l kh nng x l ca l t CTCN, c tnh
bng s lng cht thi ti a m l t CTCN thiu t c hon ton trong
mt gi (kg/h).
1.3.9. C quan cp php l tn gi chung cho c quan cp giy php qun l
cht thi nguy hi hoc c quan xc nhn vic thc hin cc cng trnh, bin
3

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

php bo v mi trng trc khi a l t CTCN vo hot ng i vi

trng hp khng phi cp giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh
(l t cht thi khng nguy hi hoc l t ch c mc ch t x l cht thi
nguy hi pht sinh ni b trong khun vin c s cng nghip).

2. QUY NH K THUT
2.1. Yu cu k thut c bn i vi l t cht thi cng nghip
2.1.1. L t CTCN phi c quy trnh hot ng theo nguyn l thiu t nhiu
cp, ti thiu phi c hai vng t (s cp v th cp). Th tch cc vng t
c tnh ton cn c vo cng sut v thi gian lu chy ca l t CTCN
theo quy nh ti Ph lc 1 km theo Quy chun ny.
2.1.2. Trong l t CTCN phi c p sut nh hn p sut bn ngoi (cn gi
l p sut m) hn ch khi thot ra ngoi mi trng qua ca np cht
thi.
2.1.3. ng khi ca l t CTCN phi m bo nh sau:
a) Chiu cao ng khi phi c tnh ton ph hp, m bo yu cu v cht
lng khng kh xung quanh khi pht tn vo mi trng khng kh, nhng
khng c thp hn 20 (hai mi) m tnh t mt t. Trng hp trong
phm vi 40 (bn mi) m tnh t chn ng khi c vt cn ln (nh nh, rng
cy, i...) th ng khi phi cao hn ti thiu 03 (ba) m so vi im cao nht
ca vt cn;
b) ng khi phi c im (ca) ly mu kh thi vi ng knh hoc rng
mi chiu ti thiu 10 (mi) cm, c np y iu chnh m rng, km
theo sn thao tc m bo an ton, thun li khi tip cn v ly mu. im ly
mu phi nm trong khong gia hai v tr sau:
- Cn di: Pha trn im cao nht ca mi ni gia ng dn t h thng x
l kh thi vi ng khi mt khong cch bng 07 (by) ln ng knh trong
ca ng khi;
- Cn trn: Pha di ming ng khi 03 (ba) m.
2.1.4. Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, cc thng s k thut c bn
ca l t CTCN phi p ng cc quy nh ti Bng 1 di y:
Bng 1. Cc thng s k thut c bn ca l t cht thi cng nghip
TT

Thng s

Cng sut ca l t(1)

Nhit vng t s cp(2)

n
v

Gi tr
yu
cu

kg/gi

100

650

Nhit vng t th cp
3

Trng hp thiu t cht thi khng nguy hi

(cht thi thng thng)
4

1.000

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

Trng hp thiu t cht thi nguy hi nhng

khng cha cc thnh phn halogen hu c vt
ngng cht thi nguy hi(3)

1.050

Trng hp thiu t cht thi nguy hi cha cc

thnh phn halogen hu c vt ngng cht thi
nguy hi(3)

1.200

Thi gian lu chy trong vng t th cp

Lng oxy d (o ti im ly mu)

6 - 15

Nhit bn ngoi v l (hoc lp chn cch ly

nhit)

60

Nhit kh thi ra mi trng (o ti im ly

mu)

180

Nhit lng tiu tn trung bnh ca nhin liu s

dng thiu t 01 (mt) kg cht thi(4)(5)

Kcal

1.000

Kh nng hot ng lin tc (m vn m bo v

bn c kh v cc thng s k thut)(5)

gi

72

Ch thch:
(1)

Cng sut 100 kg/h tng ng th tch ti thiu ca vng t s cp

l 1,4 m3.
(2)

Trng hp c th (nh thiu t nhit phn ym kh hoc thiu t

thu hi cc kim loi c nhit bay hi thp t cht thi) th vng t
s cp c th vn hnh nhit thp hn 650C vi iu kin vn
hnh th nghim t yu cu v c c quan cp php chp thun.
(3)

Theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc

gia v ngng cht thi nguy hi (sau y gi tt l QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT).
(4)

1.000 Kcal tng ng nhit lng thu c khi t 0,1 kg du

diezel.
(5)

Vic nh gi cc thng s ny ch p dng trong qu trnh kim tra,

gim st ca c quan cp php.
2.1.5. Khng c trn khng kh bn ngoi vo pha long kh thi k t
im ra ca vng t th cp n v tr c cao 02 (hai) m tnh t im ly
mu kh thi trn ng khi.
2.1.6. L t CTCN phi c h thng x l kh thi vi quy trnh hot ng bao
gm cc cng on chnh sau:
a) Gii nhit (h nhanh nhit ) kh thi nhng khng c s dng bin
php trn trc tip khng kh bn ngoi vo dng kh thi lm mt;
b) X l bi (kh hoc t);
c) X l cc thnh phn c hi trong kh thi (nh hp th, hp ph).
5

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

Mt s cng on nu trn c thc hin kt hp ng thi trong mt thit b

hoc mt cng on c thc hin ti nhiu hn mt thit b trong h thng
x l kh thi.
2.2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
cht thi cng nghip
Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng, gi tr cc thng s nhim trong kh
thi l t CTCN khi thi ra mi trng khng c vt qu cc gi tr quy
nh ti Bng 2 di y:
Bng 2. Gi tr ti a cho php ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi
T
T

Thng s nhim

n v

Gi tr ti a
cho php
A

Bi tng

mg/Nm3

150

100

Axt clohydric, HCI

mg/Nm3

50

50

Cacbon monoxyt, CO

mg/Nm3

300

250

Lu hunh dioxyt, SO2

mg/Nm3

300

250

Nit oxyt, NOx (tnh theo NO2)

mg/Nm3

500

500

Thy ngn v hp cht tnh theo thy

ngn, Hg

mg/Nm3

0,5

0,2

Cadmi v hp cht tnh theo Cadmi, Cd

mg/Nm3

0,2

0,16

1,5

1,2

Ch v hp cht tnh theo ch, Pb

mg/Nm

Tng cc kim loi nng khc (As, Sb, Ni,

Co, Cu, Cr, Sn, Mn, TI, Zn) v hp cht
tng ng

mg/Nm3

1,8

1,2

mg/Nm3

100

50

ngTEQ/Nm3

2,3

1,2

1,2

0,6

10 Tng hydrocacbon, HC
Tng ioxin/furan, PCDD/PCDF
11 L t c cng sut di 300 kg/h
L t c cng sut t 300 kg/h tr ln
Trong :

- Ct A p dng i vi tt c cc l t CTCN cho n ngy 31 thng 12 nm

2014;
- Ct B p dng i vi tt c cc l t CTCN k t ngy 01 thng 01 nm
2015.

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

3. QUY NH V VN HNH, NG PH S C V GIM ST

3.1. Vn hnh l t cht thi cng nghip
3.1.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin quy trnh vn hnh an ton l t CTCN,
trong lu cc ni dung sau:
a) Tr trng hp l t CTCN c quy trnh hot ng c bit do nh sn
xut quy nh v c xem xt c th bi c quan cp php, quy trnh khi
ng l t CTCN phi theo trnh t nh sau:
- Bc 1: Khi ng h thng x l kh thi;
- Bc 2: Khi ng v sy nng tt c cc vng t. Ch c np mt s
loi cht thi khng nguy hi c nhit tr ln (nh cht thi sinh khi) thay
th, b sung nhin liu truyn thng sau khi s dng nhin liu truyn thng
sy nng vng t s cp ln nhit trn 300 (ba trm) C v vng t
th cp ln nhit trn 800 (tm trm) C. Cc loi cht thi khng nguy hi
s dng trong qu trnh khi ng ny phi c xc nh v ghi r trong quy
trnh;
- Bc 3: Chnh thc np cht thi vo l t CTCN. Ch c np cht thi
khng nguy hi c nhit tr nh, cht thi nguy hi khi nhit cc vng t
t gi tr tng ng theo quy nh ti Bng 1 ca Quy chun ny.
b) Quy trnh kt thc hot ng l t CTCN phi c thc hin theo trnh t
sau:
- Bc 1: Ngng np cht thi. Tip tc o trn cht thi cn li trong vng
t s cp v cp nhin liu (nu cn thit) cho n khi cht thi chy hon
ton;
- Bc 2: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t s cp sau khi cht thi chy
hon ton (khng cn du hiu chy);
- Bc 3: Ngng cp nhin liu vo vng t th cp sau khi khng cn khi
trong vng t s cp v khng cn kh thi qua ng khi;
- Bc 4: Ngng h thng x l kh thi v kt thc ton b hot ng ca l
t khi nhit vng t s cp xung di 300 (ba trm) C.
3.1.2. Cht thi trc khi c np vo l t CTCN phi c kim sot
khng nh hng n vic vn hnh bnh thng ca l t, trnh np cc
cht thi khng c kh nng x l bng l t. Phi chun b lng cht
thi m bo mi ln vn hnh l t CTCN khng di 24 (hai mi bn)
gi lin tc. Mt s yu cu i vi cht thi trc khi np vo l t c
nu ti Ph lc 2 km theo Quy chun ny.
3.1.3. Khng c php thiu t: Cht thi phng x; cht thi d n; cht
thi c tnh cht n mn hoc c cha thy ngn, ch, cadimi vt ngng
cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT. Ch c thiu
t cht thi c cha thnh phn halogen hu c vt ngng cht thi nguy
hi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT trong l t CTCN do Tng cc
Mi trng - B Ti nguyn v Mi trng cp giy php qun l cht thi
nguy hi.
7

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

3.1.4. L t CTCN c th tch vng t s cp ln hn 20 (hai mi) m3

hoc khong cch t im xa nht ca vng t s cp n ca np cht thi
ln hn 2 (hai) m th phi lp thm cc thit b c kh ha cho vic np cht
thi vo l t v o trn cht thi trong vng t s cp (tr trng hp
cng ngh khng yu cu o trn nh t nhit phn ym kh).
3.1.5. C bin php k thut ly tro x ra khi vng t s cp trong qu
trnh vn hnh mt cch thun li m bo l t CTCN hot ng lin tc,
khng gin on.
3.1.6. Phi lp nht k vn hnh l t CTCN, trong ghi r s lng, loi
cht thi c thiu t, thi gian thc hin v tn ngi vn hnh.
3.2. Qun l cht thi pht sinh t l t cht thi cng nghip
3.2.1. Nc thi pht sinh t qu trnh vn hnh h thng x l kh thi l t
CTCN (nu c) ch c x ra mi trng sau khi c x l t QCVN
40:2011/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip.
3.2.2. Tro x, bi, bn thi v cc cht thi rn khc pht sinh t qu trnh vn
hnh l t CTCN phi c phn nh, phn loi theo quy nh ti QCVN
07:2009/BTNMT c bin php qun l ph hp theo quy nh.
3.3. Phng nga v ng ph s c
3.3.1. Phi xy dng v thc hin k hoch phng nga v ng ph s c
chy n theo quy nh v phng chy, cha chy di s hng dn ca c
quan c thm quyn qun l v cng tc phng chy, cha chy.
3.3.2. Phi xy dng v thc hin cc phng n d phng v ng ph i
vi cc s c khc theo quy nh (nh quy nh v qun l cht thi nguy hi
trong trng hp thiu t cht thi nguy hi).
3.3.3. Ngoi c ch ngt bng tay, cc vng t phi c c ch t ng ngt
khi hot ng bt thng hoc c s c.
3.3.4. Cc vng t phi c bin php k thut h nhit kp thi khi nhit
trong cc vng t tng cao t ngt, bt thng hoc c s c.
3.3.5. L t CTCN phi c van x tt (by-pass) x kh thi trc tip ra ng
khi m khng qua h thng x l kh thi khi c s c. Van x tt phi c cn
iu khin bng tay hoc t ng cao va vi ngi ng, m bo
thao tc thun li, kp thi ngay khi c s c m khng phi tro ln l t.
Phi ngng np cht thi ngay sau khi s dng van x tt. Ch c vn hnh
li sau khi khc phc s c hon ton. Van x tt phi c nim phong ca
c quan cp php trnh s dng ty tin v phi thng bo trong vng 48
(bn mi tm) gi sau khi ph nim phong c quan cp php nim phong
li.
3.4. Gim st l t cht thi cng nghip
3.4.1. L t CTCN phi lp thit b gim st t ng, lin tc o v ghi li
thng s nhit trong cc vng t, nhit kh thi sau h thng x l kh
thi.

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

3.4.2. Phi b tr my ghi hnh (camera) hoc ca quan st trc tip quan
st qu trnh thiu t cht thi trong vng t s cp vi ng knh hoc
rng mi chiu ti thiu 05 (nm) cm.
3.4.3. Vic gim st mi trng nh k i vi l t CTCN phi c thc
hin theo quy nh hin hnh v yu cu ca c quan cp php, nhng vi
tn sut khng di 3 (ba) thng/ln.
3.4.4. Vic gim st t ng, lin tc i vi mt s thng s nht nh trong
kh thi v vic ly mu gim st i vi ioxin/furan ch phi thc hin trong
trng hp thiu t cht thi c cha cc thnh phn halogen hu c vt
ngng cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh ti QCVN 07:2009/BTNMT hoc mt
s trng hp c bit khc theo yu cu c th ca c quan cp php.

4. PHNG PHP XC NH
4.1. Phng php xc nh cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t CTCN
thc hin theo cc tiu chun quc gia di y:
- TCVN 5977:2009 - Pht thi ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi lng bi
bng phng php th cng;
- TCVN 6750:2000 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi
lng lu hunh ixit - Phng php sc k kh ion;
- TCVN 7172:2002 - S pht thi ca ngun tnh - Xc nh nng khi
lng nit oxit - Phng php trc quang dng naphtyletylendiamin;
- TCVN 7242:2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng
cacbon monoxit (CO) trong kh thi;
- TCVN 7244:2003 - L t cht thi rn y t - Phng php xc nh nng
axit clohydric (HCI) trong kh thi;
- TCVN 7557-1:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong
kh thi - Phn 1: Quy nh chung;
- TCVN 7557-2:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong
kh thi - Phn 2: Phng php xc nh nng thy ngn bng o ph hp
th nguyn t ha hi lnh;
- TCVN 7557-3:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh kim loi nng trong
kh thi - Phn 3: Phng php xc nh nng cadmi v ch bng o ph
hp th nguyn t ngn la v khng ngn la;
- TCVN 7556-3:2005 - L t cht thi rn y t - Xc nh nng khi lng
PCDD/PCDF - Phn 3: nh tnh v nh lng.
4.2. Cc tiu chun quc t c chnh xc tng ng hoc cao hn c
chp nhn xc nh nng ca cc thng s nhim trong kh thi l t
CTCN hoc khi cha c cc tiu chun quc gia.

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

5. T CHC THC HIN

5.1. Quy chun ny c hiu lc k t ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013 v p dng
thay th QCVN 30:2010/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v kh thi l
t cht thi cng nghip.
5.2. T chc, c nhn s dng l t CTCN trn lnh th nc Cng ha x
hi ch ngha Vit Nam phi tun th y cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny
tr cc trng hp sau:
5.2.1. L t CTCN chnh thc hot ng trc ngy 01 thng 3 nm 2013
c tm thi min p dng mt s quy nh (tr Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun ny
cho n ht ngy 31 thng 12 nm 2014 nu cc quy nh i hi phi
nng cp, ci to, iu chnh, b sung v thit k, cu to, thit b, vt liu so
vi hin trng.
5.2.2. Trong thi gian cha c Quy chun ring, l t mi vi trnh k
thut tin tin hn nh l plasma c min p dng mt s quy nh (tr
Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun ny nu c xem xt, chp thun trong qu trnh
thm nh cng ngh, ph duyt bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng v cp
giy php qun l cht thi nguy hi theo quy nh.
5.2.3. Trng hp cn thit, c quan cp php c thm quyn quyt nh cui
cng i vi vic cho php hoc khng cho php min p dng mt s quy
nh (tr Mc 2.2) ti Quy chun ny.
5.3. L t CTCN tun th cc quy nh ti Quy chun ny c s dng
thiu t cht thi khc vi CTCN nh cht thi rn y t m khng phi tun
th thm cc quy nh i vi l t cht thi khc vi CTCN (nu c) nh
QCVN 02:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t cht thi rn y
t.
5.4. Trng hp cc quy chun k thut quc gia, tiu chun quc gia vin
dn trong Quy chun ny c sa i, b sung hoc thay th th p dng
theo vn bn mi.
5.5. C quan qun l nh nc v mi trng c trch nhim hng dn,
kim tra, gim st vic thc hin Quy chun ny./.

10

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

PH LC 1
CCH TNH MT S THNG S K THUT CA L T CHT THI
CNG NGHIP
(Km theo QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t
cht thi cng nghip)
1. Cch tnh th tch ca vng t s cp
Th tch ca vng t s cp c tnh theo cc cng thc sau:
Vsc =

Q.Ctk
q

Hoc:
0,04 . Ctk Vsc 0,014 . Ctk
Trong :
- Vsc: Th tch ca vng t s cp (m3);
- Ctk: Cng sut thit k ca l t (kg/h);
- Q: Nhit tr (thp) ca cht thi (mc nh trong khong 2.800 - 4.000 kcal/kg);
- q: Mt nhit th tch vng t (mc nh trong khong 100.000 - 200.000
kcal/m3h).
V d: Trng hp l t c cng sut thit k 100 kg/h th th tch tng ng
ca vng t s cp c la chn trong khong 1,4 - 4 m3 ty theo nh sn
xut.
2. Cch tnh th tch ca vng t th cp
Th tch ca vng t th cp c tnh theo cng thc sau:
Vtc = ttk . L
Trong :
- Vtc: Th tch ca vng t th cp (m3);
- ttk: Thi gian lu chy thit k ( 2 s);
- L: Lu lng ca dng kh chuyn ng trong vng t th cp (m3/s).
3. Cch tnh cng sut thc t ca l t
Cng sut thc t ca mt l t CTCN c th khc vi cng sut thit k v
thay i ty theo tnh cht ca loi cht thi c np vo l t. Cng sut
thc t c tnh theo cc cch sau:
3.1. Cng thc tnh ton khi bit nhit tr ca cht thi
C=

Vsc .q
Q

Trong :
- C: Cng sut thc t ca l t (kg/h);
11

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

- Vsc: Th tch ca vng t s cp (m3);

- q: Mt nhit th tch vng t (kcal/m3h);
- Q: Nhit tr (thp) ca tng loi cht thi trn thc t (kcal/kg).
3.2. Cch tnh cn c vo thc t hot ng ca l t
Gim st v iu chnh ti lng np cht thi vo l t cho n khi l t
vn hnh n nh, tun th cc thng s quy nh ti Bng 1, Bng 2 ca Quy
chun ny v cht thi c thiu t hon ton trong l t trong mt thi
gian nht nh m bo kt qu tin cy (v d 24 gi).
4. Cch tnh thi gian lu chy thc t
Trng hp khng c phng php o chnh xc nh o thi gian di chuyn
ca vt liu (ht) ch th trong vng t th cp, thi gian lu chy thc t ca
l t c tnh theo cng thc sau:
t = Vtc / L
Trong :
- t: Thi gian lu chy thc t (s).
- Vtc: Th tch ca vng t th cp o trn thc t (m3).
- L: Lu lng ca dng kh chuyn ng trong vng t th cp (m3/s). Lu
lng L c th c tnh ton ngoi suy da trn lu lng ca dng kh thi
o ti im ly mu trn ng khi hoc cn c vo lu lng ca qut ht sau
vng t th cp.

12

QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT

PH LC 2
YU CU I VI CHT THI TRC KHI NP VO L T
(Km theo QCVN 30:2012/BTNMT - Quy chun k thut quc gia v l t
cht thi cng nghip)
Tr trng hp c bit, cht thi phi c chun b hoc s ch trc khi
np vo l t CTCN theo cc yu cu sau:
1. Cht thi rn phi c kch thc ph hp c thiu t nhanh chng,
c bit cc cht thi dng khi c, lin th rn phi m bo c dy ti
thiu ti mt chiu bt k khng qu 10 (mi) cm.
2. Cc cht thi nguy hi c phi trn vi nhau hoc phi trn vi cc cht
thi khng nguy hi hoc ph gia ph hp to dng cht thi n nh, tr
trng hp cc cht thi phi trn c phn ng ha hc vi nhau gy nguy
him hoc to ra thnh phn mi kh x l.
3. Cht thi bt dnh, c xp thp hoc kh bt chy phi c phi trn
thm cht thi, ph gia ph hp (nh mn ca, v tru...) gim tnh bt
dnh, tng xp v kh nng bt chy.
4. Cht thi c m cao nh bn thi phi c lm gim m hoc phi
trn vi cht thi, ph gia dng kh.
5. Cht thi th lng c phun trc tip vo cc vng t bng vi phun
ring hoc phi trn vi cht thi, ph gia th rn kh np vo vng t
s cp.
6. Cht thi c nhit tr nh cn c phi trn hoc c t cng vi cht
thi, ph gia c nhit tr ln hn m bo nhit tr (thp) trong khong
2.800 - 4.000 kcal/kg nhm m bo tit kim nhin liu cng nh hot ng
v cng sut bnh thng ca l t CTCN.

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