Question 3: The process of using Laplace transform to solve ODEs involve

transforming a time domain ODE into a frequency algebraic expression, solving

the algebraic expression, and then perform an inverse transform on the algebraic
expression to obtain the time domain solution of the ODE. Discuss or show any
method of conveniently representing frequency domain algebraic expression to
take on familiar pre-determined forms of Laplace transforms.
Sol:
Let f (t) be defined for t 0. The Laplace transform f (t) is denoted by F(s) or L {f (t)}, is an
integral transform given by the Laplace integral is

L {f (t)} = F(s) =

est f (t)dt
0

The Laplace transform is an operation that transforms a function of t (time domain), defined on [
, 0), to a function of s(frequency domain).
F (s) is the Laplace transform of f (t).
To solve a linear differentia equation using Laplace transforms, there are three basic steps:

Take the Laplace transforms of both sides of an equation.

Simplify algebraically the result to solve for L {y} = Y(s) in terms of s.
Find the inverse transform of Y(s). This inverse transform is the solution of the given
differential equation.

For Example:

''

'

y 6 y +5 y=0,

Sol:
Step 1: Transform both sides.
L {y-6y+5y} = L {0}
2
( s L { y }s(3)6 (s L { y }1)+5 L{ y }=0

( s 6 s+5 L { y }s +9=0

y(0) = 1, y(0) = -3.

2
( s -6s+5) L {y} = s-9

L {y} =

s9
s 6 s +5
2

Step 2: Find the inverse transform y (t).

Using partial fractions to simplify,
L {y} =
s9
s 6 s +5
2

s9
s 6 s +5
2

= s1 + s5

A(s5)

B (s1)

= (s1)(s5) + (s5)( s1)

S-9 = a(s-5) + b(s-1) = (a+b)s + (-5a-b)

Evaluating the equations
1=a+b
-9 = -5a-b

a=2
b = -1

Then,
s9

L {y} = s 26 s +5 = s1 - s5
Therefore, y (t) = 2

e te5 t .

Examples of Inverse transform:

s+1
A B
F(s) = s (s +2) = s + s+2 , using cover up method

A =

s+1
s (s +2) , taken as s = 0

A = ,
B =

s+1
s (s +2) , taken as s = -2,

So
F (s) = 1/2s + (s+2)
2t
F (t) = + e

B=