Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VI Western Visayas
School Division of Iloilo
MIAGAO CENTRAL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Miagao, Iloilo

SCIENCE AND HEALTH 4

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the period the pupils will be able to:
Define the term digestion and explain its significance.
Describe the primary organs of the digestive system and state
their functions.
Appreciate and value the importance of digestive system as part
of our human body.

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

The digestive system is responsible in changing food to liquid form so

that the body can use it.

The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert

food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food
passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary
canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract).

The digestive system consists of the parts of the body that work
together to turn food and liquids into the building blocks and fuel that
the body needs.

The digestive system is the series of tube like organs that convert our
meals into body fuel. In all there's about 30 feet (9 meters) of these

convoluted pipe works, starting with the mouth and ending with the
anus. Along the way, food is broken down, sorted, and reprocessed
before being circulated around the body to nourish and replace cells
and supply energy to our muscles.

DIGESTION
The process of breaking down the food into smaller pieces so that the
food can easily be dissolved, absorbed for use by the human body is
digestion.

PARTS AND FUNCTIONS

The digestive system is composed of the mouth, the esophagus, the
stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine. These parts comprise
the alimentary canal. The alimentary canal is the long tube or passage that
starts from the mouth to the large intestine and the anus or rectum. It
digests, absorbs food and eliminates waste in the human body.
The process of breaking down the food into smaller pieces so that the food
can easily be dissolved, absorbed for use by the human body is digestion.

1.

MOUTH
Digestion starts in the mouth.

Your teeth cut and grind the food.

The saliva, the liquid in your mouth, softens the

food.

Then you swallow the food.

The food enters a tube called the esophagus.

2. ESOPHAGUS
The esophagus is a long muscular
tube that starts from the back of your
throat and ends at your stomach. The
food is pushed down the esophagus
into the stomach in wavelike movements
squeezing the food in the process.
From the esophagus, the food enters the stomach.

3. STOMACH
The stomach is a pear-shaped organ
located in the upper left side of the abdomen.
The wall of the stomach has muscle tissue and
its inner lining has many tiny gastric glands

that

produce the digestive juice called the gastric juice.

In the stomach, the food is changed into smaller pieces. The food
mixes with the gastric juice. The food stays in the stomach for 2-3 hours.
At the end of that time the churning and the gastric change the food into
absorbable or digestible form.

Near the small intestine are the two organs that help in digestion.
These are liver and the pancreas.

4.

LIVER
The liver is the largest gland in the body,
makes a substance called the bile. The bile is
stored in the gall bladder. The gallbladder is a
small sac attached to the liver. The bile helps in
digesting fat by breaking it into small drops so
that it can easily be digested.

5.

PANCREAS
The pancreas is located near the stomach. It
produces the pancreatic juice which digests the
starches fats and proteins.

6.

SMALL INTESTINE
The partly digested food then goes to the small

intestine. The small intestine is a coil tube. Most of

liquid food absorbed by the blood and carried to the
other parts of the body. Digestion is completed in the
small intestine.

7.

LARGE INTESTINE

the

Not all liquid food, however, passes through

the wall of the small intestine. Some of the
undigested food goes into a larger tube called the
large intestine. Water is taken out in the solid waste
leaves the body through the large intestine and into

the

anus or rectum. The water passes out of the body

as urine.

REFERENCES
BOOK
Lozada, B. A., & Mendoza, A. T. (n.d.). Science for daily use. Quezon: Dane
Publishing House Inc.
INTERNET
Digestion - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved July 11, 2016, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=digestion
Mouth - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=mouth
Mouth - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=mouth&biw=1024&bih=677&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=0ahUKEwjk0ZT0__HNAhWGHpQKHcYOApsQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=
esophagus diagram&imgrc=9u4dl8WZ2Z72fM:
Mouth - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=mouth
Mouth - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?

q=mouth&biw=1024&bih=677&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=0ahUKEwjk0ZT0__HNAhWGHpQKHcYOApsQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=l
iver&imgrc=LyXUQoWRgGf_kM:
Mouth - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved July 14, 2016, from
https://www.google.com.ph/search?
q=mouth&biw=1024&bih=677&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved
=0ahUKEwjk0ZT0__HNAhWGHpQKHcYOApsQ_AUIBigB#tbm=isch&q=l
arge intestine diagram&imgrc=ECUIE9grjGtNdM:

Prepared by:
MS. LETTIE ROSE NACEPO
Teacher 1