INDUSTRIAL HEATING USING SOLAR

THERMAL TECHNOLOGIES
Prof. Satyanarayanan S

Coordinator Industrial Assessment Center (IAC)

Indian Institute of Technology, Madras
Certificate Course by IIT Madras, offered through the Continuing Education
Program
Hosur, TN
19/8/2016

Course Modules
Module 1
Units of measurement a primer
History of solar thermal heating systems
Concept of solar radiation (Global Vs. Direct), Database availability
Types of solar thermal systems and key Components
Module 2
Industrial process heat areas of application
Conventional heating solutions/methods
Cost of cost energy
Module 3
Renewable thermal energy sources (Solar and heat pumps)
Selection of suitable energy source based on application

Energetic intensity of various sources

Source: http://www.rrecl.com/PDF/Energy%20Basics.pdf

Units of thermal energy

Source

Typical
Unit

Unit
Thermal Unit
quantity

Efficiency Realizable
@ 100 %
heat
Load
kWh Kcal

Electricity

kWh

1 kWh

860 kCal/unit

95%

0.95

817

HSD

kCal/kg

1 Liter

8,390/Liter

80%

7.8

6712

SKO

kCal/kg

1 Liter

8,646/Liter

80%

8.0

6917

HFO

kCal/kg

1 Liter

9,384/Liter

75%

8.2

7038

LPG

kCal/kg

1 Kg

12,500/Kg

90%

11.6

11250

Other units used for heat:

1000 BTU = 0.293 kWh = 252 kCal
Kg/hr of Steam = 0.77 kWh = 660 kcal, (1 ATA, Saturated)
TR (1 TR = 3.56 kW, 1 TRH = 3.56 kWh = 3062 kCal
Solar Thermal systems are specified either in Litres of hot water or kWhth

History of Solar heating

All energy is Solar energy! (Except nuclear of course)
7 BC Magnifying glass to burn Ant Hills
2 BC Archimedes used reflectors to burn Roman ships by

concentrating sunlight
4 AD Roman bath houses use south facing windows to heat
bath water
1767 Horace de Saussure First documented solar collector
for cooking food
1816 Stirling engine was developed
1839 Edmond Becquerel Photovoltaic effect
1860s Solar powered steam engines
1891 Clarence Kemp Patent for first solar heater
1900 1960s Era of solar PV advancement
1980s Revival of interest in solar thermal (Oil Shock)
2000s Technology roadmap for Solar thermal and CSP
spearheaded by NREL and industry consortium

Solar thermal in India

As of 2013: 5 GWth : > 7.2 Million M2 of solar collectors

Satisfies 0.2 % of total heating and cooling need

predominantly in the domestic hot water sector

India current consumption is 421 (MToE), 61% is
Industrial use
Most common uses
Emerging Uses

Solar Radiation EM Spectrum

Heating is primarily from the infrared spectrum

Understanding the data

What affects the Solar Radiation

What influences the Radiation

Units of Solar Radiation

Watts per square meter (W/m2)
Watt hours per square meter (Wh/m2)
Joules per square meter
BTU per square foot
Langleys
Calories per square centimeter

Solar Constant

How to measure solar radiation on earth

http://mnre.gov.in/sec/solar-assmnt.htm

Resource data

Solar Thermal Systems: Industrial

Typical solar thermal installation will consists of
Collector
Heat Exchangers
Thermal Battery (Storage Tanks)
Pumps and controllers

Types of collectors Non Tracking

Flat Plate Collector (Non imaging)

Evacuated Tube Collector

(Non imaging)

Compound Parabolic Concentrator (CPC ETC) (imaging)

Tracking type collectors Imaging

Linear Fresnel Reflector

Parabolic dish

Parabolic Trough Collector

What to choose

Source: irena-solar-heat-for-industrial-processes_2015