Heat Transfer Fluid PDF

DOWTHERM* A
Heat Transfer Fluid

Product Technical Data
DOWTHERM A
Heat Transfer Fluid
For further information, call...

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In Europe: +31 20691 6268 FAX: +31 20691 6418
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http://www.dow.com/heattrans
NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location
to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for
Customers use and for ensuring that Customers workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental
enactments. Seller assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
Published March 1997
NOTE: SYLTHERM heat transfer fluids are manufactured by Dow Corning Corporation and distributed by The Dow Chemical Company.
Printed in U.S.A.
*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company
NA/LA/Pacific: Form No. 176-1337-397 AMS

Europe: CH 153-039-E-397
Figure 19 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (SI Units)
CONTENTS
1000
Fluid Selection Criteria

Thermal Stability ........................................................................ 5
Radiation Stability ...................................................................... 6
Corrosivity ................................................................................... 6
Flammability ................................................................................ 7
60
40
VE
LO
CI
TY
(m
/se
c
Liquid and Vapor Phase Technology

Advantages of Liquid Phase Heating .......................................... 8
Advantages of Vapor Phase Heating .......................................... 8
Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates ...................... 9
Liquid Phase Heating ................................................................ 10
Vapor Phase Heating ................................................................. 11
20
Pressure Drop, kPa/100 m of pipe
100
Health and Environmental Considerations

Health Considerations .............................................................. 12
Inhalation ..................................................................... 12
Ingestion ....................................................................... 12
Eye Contact .................................................................. 12
Skin Contact ................................................................ 12
Environmental Considerations ................................................. 13
Stability ........................................................................ 13
Movement .................................................................... 13
Bioconcentration .......................................................... 13
Customer Service
Analysis ..................................................................................... 14
Fluid Credit Return Program..................................................... 14
15
0m
m
10
0m
75
mm
50
mm
38
mm
25
mm
10
10
1
0.04
0.1
Flow Rate, kg/sec
Temperature Correction
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
0.01
150
30
200
250
300
Temperature, C
DOWTHERM A Heat Transfer Fluid, Introduction ..............................4
350
400
10
Properties
Physical Properties..................................................................... 15
Liquid Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 16
SI Units ........................................................................ 17
Vapor Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 18
SI Units ........................................................................ 19
Expansion of Liquid ................................................................... 20
Liquid Properties ....................................................................... 21
Water Saturation ....................................................................... 22
Pressure Drop vs. Enthalpy
English Units ................................................................ 23
SI Units ........................................................................ 24
Liquid Film Coefficient
English Units ................................................................ 25
SI Units ........................................................................ 26
Engineering Data
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of Liquid
English Units ................................................................ 27
SI Units ........................................................................ 28
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate for Vapors
English Units ................................................................ 29
SI Units ........................................................................ 30
Unsurpassed Thermal
Stability and Efficiency
with Technical Backup
and Support to Match
DOWTHERM A fluid, which has
been employed in industrial heat
transfer systems for over 60 years,
is the preferred product for a wide
range of indirect heat transfer
applications. It is stable, does not
decompose readily at high temperatures, and can be used effectively
in either liquid or vapor phase
systems.
Figure 18 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (English Units)
150
When it is time to change out your

DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid,
Dows Fluid Return Program allows
you to return the old fluid and
receive credit toward the purchase
of your new fluid charge.
Finally, the capability of the manufacturer to supply quality product
in a timely fashion must be considered. Dows large manufacturing
capacity and strategically placed
warehouses make DOWTHERM A
fluid available when and where you
need it.
For Information About Our Full Line of Fluids
3"
(ft
/se
c)
2"
Of equal importance, but often overlooked, is the support provided by

the fluid manufacturer. Dows assistance to industry is unequaled. This
includes technical backup in the
design phase, during operation and
after shutdown, as needed. Moreover,
free analytical testing is provided to
monitor fluid condition.
11
/2"
180
1"
100
TY
90
4"
10
6"
DOWTHERM* A heat transfer fluid

is a eutectic mixture of two very
stable organic compounds, biphenyl
(C12H10) and diphenyl oxide (C12H10O).
These compounds have practically
the same vapor pressures, so the
mixture can be handled as if it were
a single compound. DOWTHERM A
fluid may be used in systems employing either liquid phase or vapor phase
heating. Its normal application range
is 60F to 750F (15C to 400C),
and its pressure range is from
atmospheric to 152.5 psig (10.6 bar).
The low viscosity throughout the

entire operating range results in
efficient heat transfer; start-up and
pumping problems are minimized.
The fluid is noncorrosive to
common metals and alloys.
VE
LO
CI
VERSATILE, STABLE, AND

PREFERRED DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUID
Pressure Drop, psi/100 ft of pipe
DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
30
0.1
0.3
10
100
Flow Rate, 1000 lb/hr
To learn more about the full line of Dow Heat Transfer Fluids
including D OWTHERM synthetic organic, SYLTHERM silicone
and D OWTHERM, D OWFROST*, and D OWCAL* glycol-based
fluidsrequest our product line guide. Call the number for
your area listed on the back of this brochure.
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
Trademark of Dow Corning Corporation

0.01
300
400
500
600
Temperature, F
700
800
29
Figure 17Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
FLUID SELECTION
CRITERIA
1000
The thermal stability of a heat

Four important properties that help transfer fluid is dependent not only
determine the viability of a heat
on its chemical structure but also on
transfer fluid in a particular applica- the design and operating temperature
tion are stability, vapor pressure,
profile of the system in which it is
freeze point, and viscosity. These are used. Maximum life for a fluid can
discussed below.
be obtained by following sound
engineering practices in the design
of the heat transfer system. Three
1. Stability
key areas of focus are: operating and
DOWTHERM A fluid possesses
designing the heater and/or energy
unsurpassed thermal stability at
recovery unit, preventing chemical
temperatures of 750F (400C).
contamination, and eliminating
The maximum recommended film
contact of the fluid with air.
temperature is 800F (425C).
25
mm
mm
ED
LE
40
PI
PE
mm
50
38
mm
SC
100
mm
150
mm
Pressure Drop, kPa/100 m
75
100
2. Vapor Pressure
16
18 BWG,
BW
1
G, 2 mm
12
mm
sec
Y, m
/
CIT
ZE
LO
SI
1.5
VE
BE
14
16 BWG
BW , 2
G, 5 mm
25
mm
TU
DOWTHERM A fluid may be used

in vapor phase heat transfer applications from 495F (257C) to
750F (400C). It may be used in
the liquid phase from 60F (15C)
to 750F (400C). Its vapor pressure is 3.96 psia at 400F (0.24 bar
at 200C) and 152.5 psia (10.6 bar)
at the maximum recommended use
temperature.
2.5
14
16 BWG
BW , 19
G,
19 mm
mm
10
3. Freeze Point
0.5
1
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
Flow Rate, m3/sec
Multiplier Factor
1.6
1.5
0.01
Thermal Stability
0.1
Heater Design and Operation

Poor design and/or misoperation of
the fired heater can cause overheating resulting in excessive thermal
degradation of the fluid. Some problem areas to be avoided include:
1. Flame impingement.
2. Operating the heater above its
rated capacity.
3. Modifying the fuel-to-air mixing
procedure to reduce the flame
height and pattern. This can yield
higher flame and gas temperatures
together with higher heat flux in
the shorter flame area.
DOWTHERM A fluid has a freezing

point of 53.6F (12C) and can be
used without steam tracing in instal4. Low velocity/high heat flux
lations protected from the weather.
areas resulting in excessive heat
transfer fluid film temperatures.
4. Viscosity
The manufacturer of the fired
The viscosity of DOWTHERM A
heater should be the primary
fluid is low and changes only
contact in supplying you with the
slightly between the melting point proper equipment for your heat
of the product and its top operating transfer system needs.
temperature. As a result, start-up
problems are minimized.
Chemical Contamination
A primary concern regarding chemical contaminants in a heat transfer
fluid system is their relatively poor
thermal stability at elevated temperatures. The thermal degradation of
chemical contaminants may be very
rapid which may lead to fouling of
heat transfer surfaces and corrosion
of system components. The severity
and nature of the corrosion will
depend upon the amount and type
of contaminant introduced into the
system.
Air Oxidation
Organic heat transfer fluids operated
at elevated temperatures are susceptible to air oxidation. The degree
of oxidation and the rate of reaction
are dependent upon the chemical
structure of the heat transfer fluid
as well as the temperature and the
degree of mixing. Undesirable byproducts of this reaction may include
carboxylic acids which would likely
result in system operating problems.
Preventive measures should be taken
to ensure that air is eliminated from
the system prior to bringing the heat
transfer fluid up to operating temperatures. A positive pressure inert gas
blanket should be maintained at all
times on the expansion tank during
system operation.
1.4
Factor
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
28
Units can be designed to operate

at higher temperatures than those
presently recommended in cases
where the greater replacement costs
of DOWTHERM A fluidresulting
from its increased decomposition
ratecan be economically justified.
In such units, adequate provision
Flash distillation serves to reduce

high-boiling fractions to a minimum
and to keep fluid quality and subsequent film coefficients at a maximum.
Figure 1Impact of Heat Flux and Fluid Velocity on the Thermal

Stability of a Diphenyl Oxide/Biphenyl Eutectic Mixture
32
24
Test Data
Inlet Temp., F (C)
Outlet Temp., F (C)
Velocity at Tube Inlet,
ft/sec (m/sec)
Heat Flux, Btu/hr/ft2
(W/m2)
Avg. Tube Temp.,F (C)
% Vaporization by Volume
% Vaporization by Weight
1
2
3
4
790 (421) 790 (421) 709 (376) 704 (373)
806 (430) 791 (422) 710 (377) 715 (379)
2 (0.61)
14 (4.3)
15,000
47,325
844 (451)
48
6.8
15,000
10,000
47,325
31,550
804 (429) 716 (380)
26
27
2.7
1.4
14 (4.3)
2 (0.61)
10,000
31,550
722 (383)
29
1.6
Steel is used predominantly, although

low alloy steels, stainless steels,
Monel alloy, etc. are also used in
miscellaneous pieces of equipment
and instruments.
Most corrosion problems are caused
by chemicals introduced into the
system during cleaning or from process leaks. The severity and nature
of the attack will depend upon the
amounts and type of contamination
involved.
/4"
,
/4" 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
SIZ
10
11/2
"
SC
HE
DU
LE
40
PIP
4"
3"
2"
3
6"

in both the liquid and vapor form,
is noncorrosive toward common
metals and alloys. Even at the high
temperatures involved, equipment
usually exhibits excellent service
life. Original equipment in many
systems is still being used after 30
years of continuous service.
BE
1"
1" , 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
1"
CI
TY
Corrosivity
TU
(ft
/se
c
10
DOWTHERM A fluid is stable up

to dosages of 1010 rads. At higher
dosages, a polymerization similar
to thermal degradation begins to
occur.
1
/2"
/2" , 16
,1 B
8 WG
BW
G
100
2
1
0.1
When special materials of construction are used, extra precaution

should be taken to avoid contaminating materials containing the
following:
0.01
Construction Material
Contaminant
Austenitic Stainless Steel

Nickel
Copper Alloys
Chloride
Sulfur
Ammonia
10
100
1000
Flow Rate, gpm

Multiplier Factor
1.6
1.5
16
1.4
(1)
1.3
Factor
Weight-Percent High Boilers Formed
40
Figure 16Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
LO
When units are operated at high temperatures, liquid velocities in heaters

should be a minimum of 6 feet per
second (2m per sec.); a range of
610 feet per second (23m per sec.)
should cover most cases. The actual
velocity selected will depend on an
economic balance between the cost
of circulation and heat transfer surface as well as the replacement cost
for new fluid. Operating limitations
are usually placed on heat flux by the
equipment manufacturer. This heat
flux is determined for a maximum
film temperature by the operating
conditions of the particular unit.
Removal of decomposed heat
transfer medium can be accomplished
by continuous or semi-continuous
reclamation of medium. This is
accomplished by passing a small side
stream from the heater or vaporizer
through a flash still.
Radiation Stability
VE
must be made for good circulation,

lower heat fluxes, and frequent or
continuous purification.
The rate of decomposition of

DOWTHERM A fluid is also highly
dependent upon conditions in the
vaporizer or fired heater. The data
in Figure 1 show the impact of high
heat flux and low fluid velocity on
the formation of degradation products in a diphenyl oxide/biphenyl
eutectic mixture. Curve 1 shows the
results obtained at an accelerated
temperature, a high heat flux, and a
low tube velocity. These conditions
tend to cause high film temperatures.
Curve 2 was obtained utilizing the
same operating temperature and heat
flux but a high tube velocity. The
latter condition reduced the excessive film temperatures. Curves 3 and
4 illustrate the long fluid life that can
be expected when units are operated
under moderate conditions with the
proper relationship between heat flux
and tube temperature.
(2)
8
1.2
1.1
1
(3 & 4)
0
0.8
Time
0.9
0.7
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
27
Figure 15Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
10000
Flammability
TUBE S
IZE
16
18 BW
BW G,
G, 12
12 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 19
19 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 25
25 mm
mm
DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid

is a combustible material but has a
relatively high flash point of 236F
(113C) (SETA), a fire point of
245F (118C) (C.O.C.), and an
autoignition temperature of 1110F
(599C) (ASTM, E659-78). The
lower flammable limit is 0.6%
(volume) at 175C , while the
upper limit is 6.8% at 190C.
3
2.5
A leak from a vapor system into the

combustion chamber of a furnace will
result only in burning of the vapors;
the percentage of carbon dioxide
usually present will not permit the
formation of an explosive mixture.
A leak from a liquid system into a
furnace compartment results in the
burning of the liquid and the production of a large amount of black smoke
due to incomplete combustion.
VE
LO
CI
TY
15
0m
m
SCHE
DULE
40 PIP
E
10
0m
m
75
mm
50
mm
1000
38
mm
(m
/se
c)
1.5
25
mm
Film Coefficient,W/m2 K
0.5
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
Flow Rate, m3/sec
0.1
Vapor leaks to the atmosphere are

also sometimes encountered. Such
leaks, however small, should not be
tolerated because of the cost of
replacing lost medium. Experience
has shown that leaking vapors have
usually cooled well below the fire
point and fire has rarely resulted. Due
to the strong odor of the medium,
such leaks rarely go undetected
without corrective action.
Leaks from pipelines into insulation

are likewise potentially hazardous as
they can lead to fires in the insulation. It has been found, for example,
that leakage of organic materials into
some types of insulation at elevated
temperatures may result in spontaneous ignition.
Vapors of DOWTHERM A fluid do
not pose a serious flammability hazard
at room temperature, because the
saturation concentration is so far
below the lower flammability limit.
If used and maintained properly, installations employing DOWTHERM A
fluid should present no unusual
flammability hazards.
Under extremely unusual circumstances, flammable mists are possible.
In order for flammable mists to form,
several variables must be within
certain, very narrow ranges:
1. Time of exposure to an ignition
source.
2. Temperature of the ignition source
and atmosphere.
3. Volume of fuel and air mixture.
4. Fuel to air ratio.
5. Mist particle size.
Multiplier Factor
1.1
Sieder and Tate Equation Process Heat Transfer,

D.Q. Kern (1950) p. 103
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
Factor
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
Note: The values in this graph are based on the viscosity of fluid as supplied.
0.6
0.5
0.4
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
26
1 1/2
"
LE 4
0 PIP
6"
EDU
4"
SCH
3"
5. A vapor system requires less working inventory of DOWTHERM A fluid

since the line to the user, and the
user, are filled with vapor rather than
liquid.
6. With heat-sensitive products,
where the maximum temperature of
the heat transfer medium must be
limited, heating may be accomplished
more economically with condensing
vapor than with liquid at high mass
flow rates.
1",
1", 14 B
16 WG
BW
G
(ft
/se
c)
OC
IT
Y
4
2"
4. No pumps are needed when a

gravity return condensate system is
used with a natural circulation
vaporizer.
1"
3. Vapor phase heating has an

advantage where it is difficult to
control liquid flow pattern and
velocity; e.g., in kettle jackets.
VE
L
2. Vapor systems, with their condensing vapor, provide a more uniform

heat source and precision temperature
control of the user. An equivalent
liquid system would have to be
operated at extreme flow rates in
order to maintain the same close
temperature uniformity. This is
illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
10
E SIZ
3
/4
3 ",
/4"
1000
1. Vapor phase systems provide

much more heat per unit mass of
heat medium passed through the
user (Figures 2 and 3).
TUB
14
, 16 BW
BW G
G
1
, 186 BW
BW G
G
Figure 14Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
1
/2
1 ",
/2"
Advantages of Vapor
Phase Heating with
DOWTHERM A Fluid
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
1
10
100
1000
Flow Rate, GPM

Multiplier Factor
1.1
Figure 5 shows a vapor phase

heating system employing
DOWTHERM A fluid.
1
0.9
Factor
tion vaporizers. However, costs

should be investigated for each
system since this may not always
hold true. In a liquid phase system,
In choosing between liquid phase
the pump for the forced circulation
and vapor phase heating with
DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid, it heater must be sized large enough for
the entire system. If a forced circulais necessary to consider the overall
tion vaporizer is used, a pump may
process, the heat tolerance of the
or may not be required to return the
product, the equipment, and the
condensate, depending on the liquid
overall economics. In many cases,
the overall costs for the two types of head available.
systems will not differ significantly,
Many systems use DOWTHERM A
and the choice must be based on
fluid for cooling, either by circulating
other considerations.
it or by allowing it to boil and extracting the latent heat at a constant
With vapor phase systems, heat is
temperature. In addition, many use
transferred at the saturation temDOWTHERM A fluid for heating and
perature of the vapor. As a result,
cooling the same piece of equipment.
such units can provide uniform,
Where unusually accurate and uniprecisely controlled temperatures.
The heating of synthetic fiber spin- form cooling is required, baffles may
be placed in the jacket to direct the
nerettes represents just one of the
many applications that take advan- liquid flow, or cooling may be
accurately controlled by boiling
tage of these vapor properties.
DOWTHERM A at the controlled
In liquid phase systems, the tempera- pressure.
ture of the heating medium decreases
as it gives up its sensible heat. Thus, Advantages of Liquid
the temperature of the medium at
Phase Heating with
the inlet will be higher than its
temperature at the outlet. This non- DOWTHERM A Fluid
uniformity of temperature can be
harmful to heat-sensitive products,
1. Unlike vapor phase systems, those
even when it is reduced by increasing employing liquid DOWTHERM A
the circulation rate of the medium.
fluid require no condensate return
However, for heat-insensitive
equipment. This factor becomes
products, such changes in tempera- more important when there are
ture are of little consequence.
multiple users operating at widely
In systems with multiple heat users, differing temperatures.
a combination of both vapor and
2. Where alternate heating and
liquid phase may be superior to
cooling are necessary, liquid phase
either by itself. Economics is the
heating allows the use of simpler,
deciding factor when considering
more easily operated systems.
line sizing, distances, pressure drop,
3. There is no temperature gradient
type of equipment, method of temdue to pressure drop in the supply
perature control, and temperature
piping.
requirements.
Forced circulation units may be used 4. Liquid systems give a positive flow
through the user with a minimum of
with both liquid phase and vapor
venting.
phase systems. Such units require a
pump; hence, both initial and opera- 5. Liquid phase heating eliminates
ting costs may, in some cases, be
the problem of condensate removal
higher than equivalent costs for
in such units as platen presses and
gravity systems with natural circula- horizontal sinuous coils.
Film Coefficient, Btu/hr ft 2 F
LIQUID AND VAPOR

PHASE TECHNOLOGY
0.8
0.7
0.6

D.Q. Kern (1950) p. 103
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
0.5
0.4
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
Figure 4 shows a liquid phase

DOWTHERM A fluid.
8
25
Figure 13 Calculated Pressure vs. Enthalpy for DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)
Figure 2Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates for

DOWTHERM A Fluid at Various Liquid ts
300
Basis: 600F with 5F Subcooling for Condensate of DOWTHERM A Fluid

100
2.7
2.8
250C
2.9
500
D T for Liquid, F
400
275C
3.0
300C
Entropy, kJ/kg K
10
600
3.1
325C
350C
3.2
Sa
3.3
ate
3.4
tur
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
700
375C
10
(lb/hr Liquid)/(lb/hr Vapor)
100
iqu
dL
id
1.5
Figure 3 Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates for

400C
800
1.0
3.5
Basis: 315C with 3C Subcooling for Condensate of DOWTHERM A Fluid
0.6
60
425C
ted
ra
tu
Sa
900
po
Va
3.6
3.0
3.7
D T for Liquid, C
1000
Density, kg/m3
3.8
10.0
25.0
6.0
10
1100
50.0
3.9
1200
10
100
1000
Pressure, kPa
3000
1
1
10
100
(kg/hr Liquid)/(kg/hr Vapor)
24
Loading
Pump
Cond.
Storage Tank
and Panel Coil
LI
TIC
Snuffing Stm.
Fuel Gas
PCV
PSL
Atm.
Vent
PI
PI
PSH
To Pilot Light
BE
BC
BA
1
TIC
7
FRC
LSL
LA / L
Heat Exchanger
#1
PRV
PCV
LI
TIC
Vent Header
FI
Jacket Loop
Circulating Pump
TIC
Pressure Relief Header
Enthalpy Btu/lb
Expansion
Tank
PRV
Process Fluid
Vent
Heating Loop
Circulating Pump
Spare Pump
Heater for
DOWTHERM Fluid
TSH
FSL
Vent
Slope Do Not Pocket, Heat Trace
0.02
420
440
1
Density, lb/cu ft
360
po
Va
Process Tank
Vent
LC
PIC
Steam Generator
PI
Cooling Loop
Circulating Pump
FI
Steam Condensate
Pump
TIC
Heating or
Cooling Process
(450F) (232C) Process Fluid

TRC
Steam
PRV
Stm. Hdr.
Heat Exchanger
#2
PRV
Process Fluid
(375F) (191C)
Vent
(380F) (193C)
240
300
0.07
0.84
380
0.94
ed
TRC
D Process fluid freezes at 350F (177C).
C Heat exchanger #2 is cooled with DOWTHERM A fluid to avoid any possibility

of contaminating the process fluid with water in the event of a tube leak.
B Thermal tracing system on vent and safety valve lines if ambient

temperature = <80F (27C).
A External heating required if fluid pumpability is limiting in cold weather.
Principal Circuits with DOWTHERM Fluid

Electrical Lines
Instrument Air Lines
220
rat
tu
340
Sa
200
0.78
0.4
0.04
0.1
400
uid
Liq
280
ed
rat
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
BE Burner Element (Fire-Eye)
FI Flow Indicator (Orifice)
FRC Flow Recording Controller
FSL Flow Switch Low
LAH/L Level AlarmHigh/Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
LSL Level Switch Low
PCV Pressure Control Valve
PI Pressure Indicator
PIC Pressure Indicating Controller
PRV Pressure Relief Valve
PSH Pressure Switch High
Pressure Switch Low

Temperature Indicating Controller
Temperature Recorder Controller
Temperature Switch High
0.76
u
Sat
Heating
Media
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Instrument Legend
10
Steam
Condensate
LC
Figure 4 Liquid Phase Heating with

DOWTHERM A Fluid
Figure 12 Calculated Pressure vs. Enthalpy for DOWTHERM A Fluid (English Units)
180
0.66
480F
0.68
0.70
520F
0.72
Entropy, Btu/lb F
560F
0.74
260
600F
0.88
460
10
640F
0.80
680F
320
0.82
720F
760F
0.2
800F
0.86
0.7
3.0
0.90
1.0
0.92
1.5
2.0
480
Pressure, psia
100
500
23
50
22
100
150
50
200
250
Figure 11 Water Saturation of DOWTHERM A Liquid (SI Units)
1000000
100000
Temperature, C
100
Pressure Switch Low


Electrical Lines
1000
100
Temperature, F
300
350
150
400
1000
100
200
Vaporizers for DOWTHERM A fluid utilize both natural and forced circulation.
A pump is required where there is insufficient elevation between vaporizer
and heat user to return condensate by gravity.
Hand-throttled bypass required to prevent pump heat-up.
A
B
Thermal Tracing System required if ambient temperature = <60F (15C).
10000
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
FSL Flow Switch Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Water Solubility, ppm (weight)

100000
Instrument Legend
Figure 10 Water Saturation of DOWTHERM A Liquid (English Units)

Figure 5 Vapor Phase Heating with
DOWTHERM A Fluid
1000000
10000
11
10
0.06
0.05
0.04
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
Viscosity, cP
Vapor Pressure, psia
Thermal Conductivity, Btu/hr ft2 (F/ft)
0.07
10
1
0.1
0.01
200
0.1
300
400
500
600
700
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Temperature, F
800
Temperature, F
Specific Heat
70
Specific Heat, Btu/lb F
0.7
65
60
55
50
45
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
40
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Temperature, F
Temperature, F
Figure 9 Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Liquid (SI Units)

Thermal Conductivity
Vapor Pressure
0.14
Viscosity
10
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.07
0
100
200
300
Temperature, C
Density
0.1
0.01
150
400
Viscosity, mPa sec
20
10
200
250
300
350
Temperature, C
400
0.1
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Temperature, C
Specific Heat
1100
2.9
1000
900
800
700
600
0
100
200
Temperature, C
12
Viscosity
300
100
Density
The product is not likely to be

absorbed in toxic amounts.
Contaminated skin should be
immediately and thoroughly washed
with soap and water. Contaminated
clothing and shoes should be
removed at once and the clothing
decontaminated before reuse.
Vapor Pressure
0.085
0.08
Vapor Pressure, bar
Skin Contact. Single exposures to

DOWTHERM A in liquid form are
not irritating to the skin. However,
prolonged or repeated skin contact
may cause irritation and should
therefore be avoided. Fluid that has
been used at high temperatures for
extended periods of time can cause
skin irritation or dermatitis.
Specific Heat, kJ/kg K
Ingestion. Oral administration of

Inhalation. Animal studies indicate DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid
that DOWTHERM A fluid has a low
to laboratory rats has revealed a
order of inhalation toxicity. Limited low order of systemic toxicity. The
studies in rats, rabbits, and guinea
single-dose oral LD50 in female rats
pigs did not show significant effects is 2487 mg/kg. Limited studies show
from exposures of 710 ppm, 7 hours no significant toxicity in rats that
a day, 5 days a week for 6 months.
received daily oral doses, 5 days a
These were the highest vapor conweek for 1 to 6 months, of 100 mg/kg
centrations that could be maintained DOWTHERM A fluid. Liver and
without condensation and fogging.
kidney effects were observed at
higher doses.
DOWTHERM A fluid has a striking
odor that becomes quite disagreeable, Ingestion of small amounts of
even irritating to the eyes and nose, DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid
at concentrations far below 7 ppm.
incidental to handling should not
This odor serves as a warning to
cause injury. It should, however, be
prevent excessive exposure to vapors recognized that ill effects will result
and fumes. The OSHA standard for if substantial amounts are swallowed.
this mixture is 1 ppm. The ACGIH
Induce vomiting if large amounts of
TLV is 1 ppm TWA, 2 ppm STEL for DOWTHERM A fluid are ingested.
the diphenyl oxide component and Consult with medical personnel
0.2 ppm TWA for the biphenyl
immediately.
component.
Eye Contact. Contact with
DOWTHERM A in both the liquid
and vapor form may be painful, but
otherwise is only slightly irritating to
the eyes and will not cause corneal
injury. Whenever there is the
potential for gross eye contamination, face shields or chemical
workers goggles should be worn to
If the fluid is contaminated with

material being processed or with
other materials, additional treatment
may be required.
Figure 8Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Liquid (English Units)
Density, lb/ft3
Health Considerations
avoid discomfort that might result

from direct contact. Safety glasses
are recommended for everyday use.
If the eyes are accidentally contaminated with fluid, they should be
thoroughly washed with flowing
water for 5 minutes and medical
attention obtained if there is any
evidence of irritation.
Thermal Conductivity, W/mK
A Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS) for DOWTHERM A heat
transfer fluid is available by calling
the number listed on the back of this
brochure. The MSDS contains complete health and safety information
regarding the use of this product.
Read and understand the MSDS
before handling or otherwise using
this product.
Whenever accidental or unusual

conditions result in higher concentrations of vapors or fumes, workers
should wear respiratory protection
suitable for organic mists and vapors.
Where there is a possibility of
oxygen deficiency, workers should
use an air-supplied mask or positive
pressure, self-contained breathing
apparatus. In regular operations,
concentrations of vapors in the
atmosphere should be kept at levels
that are not disagreeable. If ill effects
occur from accidental exposure to
heavy concentrations in the air,
remove the victim to fresh air and
get immediate medical attention.
Density, kg/m3
HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
300
400
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.5
0
100
200
300
400
Temperature, C
21
Figure 6 Expansion of DOWTHERM A Liquid

(Basis: 100 Gallons at 60F)
Environmental
Considerations
160
Stability. DOWTHERM A fluid has a

5-day BOD of 1.70 parts/part, 62%
of its theoretical oxygen demand. Its
COD is 2.53 parts/part. This indicates
that it is biodegradable and nonpersistent in the environment.
There is no evidence that harmful
products are formed as a result of
biodegradation. Once its bacteria
are acclimated, a waste treatment
system should achieve a high degree
of removal of fluid before the wastewater effluent reaches the receiving
body of water.
150
Expanded Volume, gal.
140
130
120
110
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
300
350
400
Temperature, F
Movement. The water solubility of

this material is very lowonly 14
ppm at ambient temperaturesand
if amounts exceeding this limit are
mixed with water, the medium will
settle to the bottom. Of course,
turbulence and the presence of other
materials may affect the physical
condition of the solution. It is also
possible that an emulsion may form
under certain conditions.
Data indicate that a large percentage

of the medium present in water will
be stripped out during aeration in the
primary stage of a waste treatment
facility.
Bioconcentration. Dow studies have
shown that both components of
DOWTHERM A fluidbiphenyl and
diphenyl oxidebioconcentrate in
trout, but that when these trout are
exposed to fresh water, the compounds
disappear from their tissues in a
relatively short time.
Should this material be discharged
into a body of water, it may bioconcentrate in fish, but at a significantly
lower level than compounds such as
polychlorinated biphenyl. Furthermore, because of the speed with
which the material is cleared from
the tissues and biodegrades, it is
unlikely to pose a serious problem.

(Basis: 1 m3 at 25C)
1.6
1.5
Expanded Volume, m3
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
50
100
150
200
250
Temperature, C
20
13
CUSTOMER SERVICE FOR

USERS OF DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUID
the shipping container. Cooling the

sample below 100F (40C) will
prevent the possibility of thermal
burns to personnel; also, the fluid
is then below its flash point. In
addition, any low boilers will not
Fluid Analysis
flash and be lost from the sample.
Cooling can be done by either a
The Dow Chemical Company
batch or continuous process. The
offers an analytical service for
batch method consists of isolating
D OWTHERM A heat transfer fluid. the hot sample of fluid from the
It is recommended that users send system in a properly designed
a one-pint (0.5 liter) representative sample collector and then cooling
sample at least annually to:
it to below 100F (40C). After
it is cooled, it can be withdrawn
North America & Pacific
from the sampling collector into
a container for shipment.
Larkin Lab/Thermal Fluids
1691 North Swede Road
The continuous method consists of
Midland, Michigan 48674
controlling the fluid at a very low
United States of America
rate through a steel or stainless steel
cooling coil so as to maintain it at
Europe
100F (40C) or lower as it comes
Dow Benelux NV
out of the end of the cooler into the
SYLTHERM and D OWTHERM
sample collector. Before a sample is
Testing Laboratory
taken, the sampler should be thorOude Maasweg 4
oughly flushed. This initial fluid
3197 KJ Rotterdam Botlek
should be returned to the system or
The Netherlands
disposed of in a safe manner in compliance with all laws and regulations.
Latin America
It is important that samples sent
Dow Quimica S.A.
for analysis be representative of
Fluid Analysis Service
the charge in the unit. Ordinarily,
1671, Alexandre Dumas
samples should be taken from the
Santo Amaro Sao Paulo
main circulating line of a liquid
Brazil 04717-903
system. Occasionally, additional
Fluid Return Program

for DOWTHERM Fluids
In the unlikely event that you need
to change out DOWTHERM A fluid,
Dow offers a fluid return program.
If analysis of a particular fluid
sample reveals significant thermal
degradation of the medium, the
customer will be advised to return
the fluid in his system to Dow.
organic materials of low thermal
stability, it may not be acceptable
for Dow processing and will not
qualify for the return program.
In this case, Dow will advise the
customer that the fluid cannot be
processed and therefore should not
be returned to Dow. No material
should be sent to Dow until the fluid
analysis has been completed and
the customer informed of the results.
If the analysis shows fluid changeout is necessary, the customer
should order sufficient new material
to recharge the system before
sending the old fluid to Dow.
Under the fluid return program,
Dow will credit the customer for
all usable material recovered.
The Dow fluid return program permits customers to minimize their

heat transfer fluid investment,
samples may have to be taken from handling downtime and inventory,
This analysis gives a profile of fluid
while assuring that replacement
other parts of the system where
changes to help identify trouble
specific problems exist. A detailed fluid is of the highest quality.
from product contamination or
method for analyzing the fluid to
Before returning material for
thermal decomposition.
determine its quality is available
credit, contact Dow at the number
When a sample is taken from a hot upon request.
for your area listed on the back of
system, it should be cooled to below
this bulletin for details.
Used heat transfer fluid which
100F (40C) before it is put into
has been stored in drums or tanks
For further information, please
should be sampled in such a fashion contact your nearest Dow repreas to ensure a representative
sentative or call the number for
sample.
your area listed on the back of this
brochure. Ask for DOWTHERM A
Fluid.
14
Table 5 Saturated Vapor Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)

TEMP
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY THERMAL
COND.
bar
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kg/m3
mPa sec
W/mK
12
15
20
25
30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
4.9
13.1
21.3
29.5
409.0
407.2
404.4
401.5
398.8
409.0
412.1
417.4
422.8
428.3
35
40
45
50
55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
37.7
46.0
54.4
62.7
71.2
396.1
393.4
390.9
388.3
385.8
433.8
439.5
445.2
451.0
457.0
60
65
70
75
80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.6
88.1
96.7
105.3
114.0
383.4
380.9
378.6
376.2
373.9
85
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
122.7
131.5
140.3
149.2
158.1
110
115
120
125
130
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
135
140
145
150
155
ZVAPOR
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
kJ/kg K
cp/cv
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0074
0.0075
0.0078
0.0081
0.0084
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.032
1.044
1.062
1.081
1.100
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.049
1.048
0.0011
0.0015
0.0021
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0086
0.0089
0.0092
0.0095
0.0098
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.118
1.137
1.155
1.173
1.191
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.045
1.044
463.0
469.1
475.2
481.5
487.9
0.0029
0.0040
0.0053
0.0072
0.0095
0.0062
0.0063
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0101
0.0104
0.0107
0.0110
0.0113
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.209
1.227
1.245
1.262
1.280
1.043
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
371.6
369.4
367.1
364.9
362.7
494.3
500.8
507.4
514.1
520.9
0.0125
0.0162
0.0210
0.0268
0.0341
0.0067
0.0068
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0116
0.0120
0.0123
0.0126
0.0129
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.297
1.315
1.332
1.349
1.366
1.040
1.040
1.039
1.039
1.038
167.1
176.2
185.4
194.6
203.8
360.6
358.4
356.3
354.1
352.0
527.7
534.6
541.6
548.7
555.9
0.0430
0.0538
0.0669
0.0826
0.1013
0.0072
0.0073
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0133
0.0136
0.0139
0.0143
0.0146
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.998
1.382
1.399
1.416
1.432
1.448
1.038
1.037
1.037
1.037
1.036
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
213.2
222.6
232.1
241.6
251.2
349.9
347.8
345.7
343.6
341.5
563.1
570.4
577.8
585.2
592.7
0.1235
0.1498
0.1806
0.2165
0.2583
0.0077
0.0078
0.0078
0.0079
0.0080
0.0149
0.0153
0.0156
0.0160
0.0163
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.995
0.995
1.464
1.481
1.497
1.512
1.528
1.036
1.036
1.035
1.035
1.035
160
165
170
175
180
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
260.9
270.7
280.5
290.4
300.4
339.4
337.3
335.2
333.1
331.0
600.3
608.0
615.7
623.5
631.3
0.3065
0.3621
0.4257
0.4984
0.5809
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0084
0.0085
0.0167
0.0170
0.0174
0.0178
0.0181
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.991
0.990
1.544
1.560
1.575
1.590
1.606
1.035
1.035
1.034
1.034
1.034
185
190
195
200
205
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
310.4
320.5
330.7
340.9
351.2
328.8
326.7
324.6
322.4
320.2
639.2
647.2
655.2
663.3
671.5
0.6744
0.7798
0.8984
1.031
1.179
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0090
0.0185
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200
0.988
0.987
0.985
0.984
0.982
1.621
1.636
1.651
1.666
1.681
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
210
215
220
225
230
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
361.6
372.1
382.6
393.2
403.9
318.0
315.8
313.6
311.4
309.1
679.7
687.9
696.2
704.6
713.0
1.344
1.528
1.730
1.954
2.201
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0095
0.0204
0.0207
0.0211
0.0215
0.0219
0.980
0.978
0.975
0.973
0.970
1.696
1.711
1.726
1.741
1.755
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
235
240
245
250
255
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.87
0.97
414.6
425.4
436.3
447.2
458.2
306.8
304.5
302.1
299.8
297.4
721.4
729.9
738.4
747.0
755.6
2.471
2.768
3.092
3.446
3.831
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0099
0.0100
0.0223
0.0227
0.0231
0.0234
0.0238
0.967
0.964
0.961
0.958
0.954
1.770
1.785
1.799
1.814
1.829
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
1.036
257.1
260
265
270
275
1.01
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
462.9
469.3
480.5
491.7
503.0
296.4
294.9
292.5
290.0
287.5
759.2
764.3
773.0
781.7
790.4
4.003
4.250
4.704
5.196
5.727
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0240
0.0242
0.0246
0.0250
0.0254
0.953
0.951
0.947
0.942
0.938
1.835
1.843
1.858
1.872
1.887
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
280
285
290
295
300
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
2.38
514.3
525.8
537.3
548.8
560.5
284.9
282.3
279.6
277.0
274.2
799.2
808.1
816.9
825.8
834.7
6.301
6.920
7.586
8.302
9.071
0.0105
0.0106
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0258
0.0263
0.0267
0.0271
0.0275
0.934
0.929
0.924
0.919
0.913
1.902
1.916
1.931
1.946
1.961
1.038
1.039
1.040
1.041
1.042
305
310
315
320
325
2.60
2.84
3.10
3.37
3.66
572.2
583.9
595.8
607.7
619.7
271.5
268.6
265.8
262.8
259.8
843.6
852.6
861.5
870.5
879.5
9.896
10.78
11.73
12.74
13.82
0.0110
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0279
0.0283
0.0287
0.0292
0.0296
0.908
0.902
0.896
0.889
0.883
1.976
1.991
2.006
2.021
2.036
1.042
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.047
330
335
340
345
350
3.96
4.29
4.64
5.00
5.39
631.7
643.9
656.1
668.4
680.7
256.8
253.7
250.5
247.3
244.0
888.6
897.6
906.6
915.7
924.7
14.98
16.21
17.53
18.93
20.43
0.0116
0.0117
0.0119
0.0120
0.0121
0.0300
0.0304
0.0309
0.0313
0.0317
0.876
0.869
0.862
0.854
0.846
2.052
2.068
2.084
2.100
2.116
1.048
1.050
1.052
1.053
1.055
355
360
365
370
375
5.80
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
693.1
705.7
718.2
730.9
743.7
240.6
237.2
233.6
230.0
226.3
933.8
942.8
951.9
960.9
970.0
22.03
23.73
25.54
27.47
29.53
0.0122
0.0124
0.0125
0.0126
0.0128
0.0322
0.0326
0.0331
0.0335
0.0340
0.838
0.830
0.821
0.812
0.803
2.133
2.150
2.168
2.186
2.204
1.057
1.060
1.062
1.065
1.068
380
385
390
395
400
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
10.64
756.5
769.4
782.4
795.5
808.7
222.5
218.6
214.5
210.4
206.1
979.0
988.0
997.0
1005.9
1014.8
31.73
34.07
36.58
39.25
42.11
0.0129
0.0131
0.0132
0.0134
0.0136
0.0344
0.0349
0.0354
0.0358
0.0363
0.793
0.783
0.773
0.762
0.751
2.224
2.244
2.264
2.286
2.309
1.071
1.075
1.079
1.083
1.088
405
410
415
420
425
11.32
12.03
12.78
13.56
14.38
822.0
835.4
848.9
862.5
876.3
201.7
197.1
192.4
187.5
182.3
1023.7
1032.5
1041.3
1050.0
1058.6
45.17
48.45
51.98
55.77
59.86
0.0138
0.0139
0.0141
0.0143
0.0145
0.0368
0.0373
0.0378
0.0383
0.0388
0.740
0.728
0.715
0.703
0.689
2.333
2.359
2.387
2.417
2.450
1.094
1.100
1.107
1.115
1.125
19
Table 4 Saturated Vapor Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (English Units)

TEMP
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY
Btu/lb
lb/ft3
cP
VAPOR
ZVAPOR
THERMAL
COND.
Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
Btu/lb F
cp/cv
psia
Btu/lb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.0
2.5
6.4
10.3
14.3
176.0
175.1
173.7
172.3
171.0
176.0
177.6
180.1
182.7
185.3
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0043
0.0044
0.0046
0.0047
0.0049
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.247
0.250
0.255
0.260
0.265
1.051
1.050
1.049
1.048
1.047
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
18.2
22.2
26.2
30.2
34.3
169.8
168.5
167.3
166.1
164.9
188.0
190.7
193.5
196.3
199.2
0.0001
0.0002
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0051
0.0053
0.0055
0.0056
0.0058
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.270
0.275
0.279
0.284
0.289
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.044
1.043
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
38.3
42.4
46.5
50.7
54.9
163.8
162.6
161.5
160.4
159.3
202.1
205.1
208.1
211.1
214.2
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0067
0.0068
0.0060
0.0062
0.0064
0.0066
0.0068
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.294
0.298
0.303
0.308
0.312
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
1.040
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
59.1
63.3
67.6
71.9
76.2
158.3
157.2
156.2
155.1
154.1
217.3
220.5
223.8
227.0
230.3
0.0012
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0034
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0072
0.0073
0.0070
0.0072
0.0075
0.0077
0.0079
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.317
0.321
0.326
0.330
0.335
1.039
1.039
1.038
1.038
1.037
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
80.6
85.0
89.5
94.0
98.5
153.1
152.0
151.0
150.0
149.0
233.7
237.1
240.5
244.0
247.5
0.0044
0.0055
0.0069
0.0086
0.0106
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0077
0.0078
0.0081
0.0083
0.0085
0.0087
0.0090
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.339
0.344
0.348
0.352
0.356
1.037
1.037
1.036
1.036
1.036
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
103.0
107.6
112.2
116.9
121.6
148.0
147.0
146.0
145.0
144.0
251.1
254.6
258.3
261.9
265.6
0.0130
0.0158
0.0191
0.0230
0.0275
0.0079
0.0080
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0092
0.0094
0.0097
0.0099
0.0101
0.996
0.995
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.361
0.365
0.369
0.373
0.377
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.034
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
126.4
131.1
135.9
140.8
145.7
143.0
142.0
141.0
139.9
138.9
269.3
273.1
276.9
280.7
284.6
0.0328
0.0388
0.0457
0.0535
0.0624
0.0084
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0103
0.0106
0.0108
0.0111
0.0113
0.990
0.989
0.988
0.986
0.984
0.381
0.385
0.389
0.393
0.397
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
400
410
420
430
440
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
7.19
150.6
155.6
160.6
165.6
170.7
137.9
136.8
135.8
134.7
133.6
288.5
292.4
296.3
300.3
304.3
0.0725
0.0839
0.0967
0.1110
0.1270
0.0090
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0115
0.0118
0.0120
0.0123
0.0125
0.982
0.980
0.977
0.975
0.972
0.401
0.405
0.409
0.413
0.417
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
450
460
470
480
490
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
13.87
175.8
180.9
186.1
191.4
196.6
132.5
131.4
130.3
129.2
128.0
308.3
312.4
316.4
320.5
324.7
0.1447
0.1644
0.1861
0.2100
0.2364
0.0095
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0100
0.0128
0.0130
0.0133
0.0135
0.0138
0.969
0.966
0.962
0.959
0.955
0.421
0.425
0.429
0.433
0.437
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
494.8
500
510
520
530
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
22.15
199.1
201.9
207.2
212.6
218.0
127.5
126.9
125.7
124.5
123.3
326.6
328.8
332.9
337.1
341.3
0.2499
0.2653
0.2969
0.3315
0.3692
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0139
0.0140
0.0143
0.0145
0.0148
0.953
0.951
0.946
0.942
0.937
0.438
0.441
0.444
0.448
0.452
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
540
550
560
570
580
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
37.37
223.5
228.9
234.5
240.0
245.6
122.1
120.8
119.5
118.2
116.9
345.5
349.7
354.0
358.2
362.5
0.4102
0.4547
0.5030
0.5554
0.6119
0.0105
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0110
0.0150
0.0153
0.0156
0.0158
0.0161
0.932
0.926
0.920
0.914
0.908
0.456
0.460
0.464
0.468
0.472
1.039
1.040
1.040
1.041
1.042
590
600
610
620
630
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
59.53
251.2
256.9
262.6
268.3
274.1
115.6
114.2
112.8
111.4
109.9
366.8
371.1
375.4
379.7
384.0
0.6730
0.7389
0.8099
0.8864
0.9686
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0117
0.0164
0.0166
0.0169
0.0172
0.0175
0.902
0.895
0.888
0.880
0.873
0.476
0.480
0.484
0.488
0.492
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.048
1.049
640
650
660
670
680
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
90.40
279.9
285.8
291.7
297.6
303.6
108.4
106.9
105.3
103.7
102.0
388.3
392.6
397.0
401.3
405.6
1.057
1.152
1.254
1.364
1.481
0.0118
0.0119
0.0121
0.0122
0.0124
0.0177
0.0180
0.0183
0.0186
0.0189
0.865
0.857
0.848
0.839
0.830
0.496
0.501
0.505
0.509
0.514
1.051
1.053
1.055
1.057
1.060
690
700
710
720
730
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
131.9
309.6
315.7
321.8
327.9
334.1
100.3
98.6
96.8
95.0
93.1
409.9
414.3
418.6
422.9
427.2
1.608
1.743
1.888
2.045
2.213
0.0125
0.0127
0.0128
0.0130
0.0132
0.0191
0.0194
0.0197
0.0200
0.0203
0.820
0.810
0.799
0.789
0.777
0.519
0.523
0.528
0.534
0.539
1.062
1.066
1.069
1.073
1.077
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
186.4
199.1
212.5
340.4
346.7
353.0
359.4
365.9
372.4
379.0
91.1
89.1
87.0
84.8
82.5
80.2
77.7
431.5
435.7
440.0
444.2
448.4
452.5
456.7
2.394
2.588
2.798
3.025
3.270
3.537
3.827
0.0134
0.0135
0.0137
0.0139
0.0142
0.0144
0.0146
0.0206
0.0209
0.0212
0.0215
0.0219
0.0222
0.0225
0.766
0.754
0.741
0.728
0.714
0.700
0.685
0.545
0.551
0.557
0.564
0.571
0.579
0.588
1.082
1.087
1.093
1.100
1.108
1.117
1.128
53.6
60
70
80
90
Btu/lb
Table 1 Physical Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid

(Laboratory values not to be confused with, or substitutes for, specifications). None of below are specifications.
Property
English Units
SI Units
Atmospheric Boiling Point
......................................... 494.8F
........................................ 257.1C
Freezing Point
........................................... 53.6F
.......................................... 12.0C
Flash Point, SETA
............................................ 236F
........................................... 113C
Fire Point, C.O.C.
............................................ 245F
........................................... 118C
Auto Ignition Temp.
.......................................... 1110F
........................................... 599C
Density at 75F
..................................... 66.0 lb/ft3
...................... 1056 kg/m3 @ 25C
...................... 8.80 lb/gal. @ 25C

Volume Contraction upon Freezing
.......................................... 6.63%
Volume Expansion upon Melting
........................................... 7.10%
Heat of Fusion
................................... 42.2 Btu/lb
...................................... 98.2 kJ/kg
Specific Resistivity
........... 1.2 x 1012 ohm cm @ 32F
............. 1.2 x 1012 ohm cm @ 0C
........... 6.4 x 1011 ohm cm @ 68F
........... 6.4 x 1011 ohm cm @ 20C
......... 3.9 x 1011 ohm cm @ 104F
........... 3.9 x 1011 ohm cm @ 40C
frequency 103
............................................... 3.26
............................................... 3.26
frequency 104
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 105
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 103
........................................... 0.0012
........................................... 0.0012
frequency 104
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
frequency 105
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
Dielectric Strength at 75F (24C)
................................ 530 volts/mil
........................... 20,866 volts/nm
Surface Tension in Air
.................40.1 Dynes/cm @ 68F
................ 40.1 Dynes/cm @ 20C
.............. 37.6 Dynes/cm @ 104F
................ 37.6 Dynes/cm @ 40C
.............. 35.7 Dynes/cm @ 140F
................ 35.7 Dynes/cm @ 60C
Critical Temperature
............................................ 927F
........................................... 497C
Critical Pressure
..................................... 30.93 atm
....................................... 31.34 bar
Critical Volume
................................. 0.0508 ft3/lb
........................................ 3.17 l/kg
Heat of Combustion
............................... 15,500 Btu/lb
..................................36,053 kJ/kg
Molecular Weight (Avg.)
............................................ 166.0
Dielectric Constant at 75F (24C)
Dissipation Factor at 75F (24C)
Cleveland Open Cup

ASTM E659-78
18
15
Table 2 Saturated Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (English Units)
Table 3 Saturated Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)
TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY TEMP VAPOR VISCOSITY SPECIFIC THERMAL DENSITY
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
F
psia
cP
Btu/lb F Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
lb/ft3
F
psia
cP
lb/ft3
53.6
60
70
80
90
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
5.52
4.91
4.15
3.55
3.07
0.370
0.373
0.377
0.380
0.384
0.0809
0.0805
0.0800
0.0795
0.0790
66.54
66.37
66.10
65.82
65.55
440
450
460
470
480
7.19
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.515
0.518
0.522
0.526
0.529
0.0610
0.0605
0.0600
0.0595
0.0590
55.06
54.72
54.38
54.04
53.70
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
2.69
2.38
2.12
1.90
1.72
0.388
0.392
0.396
0.399
0.403
0.0785
0.0780
0.0775
0.0769
0.0764
65.28
65.00
64.72
64.44
64.16
490
494.8
500
510
520
13.87
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.533
0.535
0.537
0.540
0.544
0.0585
0.0582
0.0579
0.0574
0.0569
53.35
53.18
53.00
52.65
52.29
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
1.57
1.43
1.32
1.22
1.13
0.407
0.411
0.414
0.418
0.422
0.0759
0.0754
0.0749
0.0744
0.0739
63.88
63.60
63.32
63.03
62.75
530
540
550
560
570
22.15
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.548
0.552
0.555
0.559
0.563
0.0564
0.0559
0.0554
0.0549
0.0543
51.93
51.57
51.20
50.82
50.45
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
1.05
0.98
0.92
0.86
0.81
0.426
0.429
0.433
0.437
0.441
0.0733
0.0728
0.0723
0.0718
0.0713
62.46
62.17
61.88
61.59
61.30
580
590
600
610
620
37.37
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.567
0.571
0.575
0.579
0.583
0.0538
0.0533
0.0528
0.0523
0.0518
50.07
49.68
49.29
48.89
48.49
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.76
0.72
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.444
0.448
0.452
0.456
0.459
0.0708
0.0703
0.0698
0.0692
0.0687
61.00
60.71
60.41
60.11
59.81
630
640
650
660
670
59.53
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.587
0.591
0.595
0.599
0.604
0.0513
0.0508
0.0502
0.0497
0.0492
48.08
47.67
47.25
46.82
46.39
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
0.59
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.463
0.467
0.470
0.474
0.478
0.0682
0.0677
0.0672
0.0667
0.0662
59.51
59.20
58.90
58.59
58.28
680
690
700
710
720
90.40
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.608
0.613
0.617
0.622
0.627
0.0487
0.0482
0.0477
0.0472
0.0466
45.94
45.49
45.03
44.56
44.08
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.481
0.485
0.489
0.492
0.496
0.0656
0.0651
0.0646
0.0641
0.0636
57.97
57.65
57.34
57.02
56.70
730
740
750
760
770
131.9
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.633
0.638
0.644
0.651
0.658
0.0461
0.0456
0.0451
0.0446
0.0441
43.59
43.09
42.57
42.04
41.49
400
410
420
430
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.500
0.503
0.507
0.511
0.0631
0.0626
0.0620
0.0615
56.37
56.05
55.72
55.39
780
790
800
186.4
199.1
212.5
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.665
0.673
0.682
0.0436
0.0430
0.0425
40.93
40.34
39.74
16
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
12
15
20
25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.52
5.00
4.29
3.71
1.550
1.558
1.573
1.587
0.1400
0.1395
0.1387
0.1379
1065.9
1063.5
1059.6
1055.7
225
230
235
240
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.69
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
2.148
2.162
2.176
2.190
0.1059
0.1051
0.1043
0.1035
883.5
878.7
873.8
868.9
30
35
40
45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.25
2.87
2.56
2.30
1.601
1.616
1.630
1.644
0.1371
0.1363
0.1355
0.1347
1051.7
1047.8
1043.8
1039.8
245
250
255
257.1
0.77
0.87
0.97
1.01
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.27
2.204
2.218
2.231
2.237
0.1027
0.1019
0.1011
0.1008
864.0
859.0
854.0
851.9
50
55
60
65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.07
1.88
1.72
1.58
1.658
1.673
1.687
1.701
0.1339
0.1331
0.1323
0.1315
1035.8
1031.8
1027.8
1023.7
260
265
270
275
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
2.245
2.259
2.273
2.288
0.1003
0.0995
0.0987
0.0979
849.0
843.9
838.7
833.6
70
75
80
85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
1.35
1.25
1.17
1.715
1.729
1.744
1.758
0.1307
0.1299
0.1291
0.1283
1019.7
1015.6
1011.5
1007.4
280
285
290
295
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.22
2.302
2.316
2.330
2.344
0.0971
0.0963
0.0955
0.0947
828.3
823.0
817.7
812.3
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
1.09
1.03
0.97
0.91
1.772
1.786
1.800
1.814
0.1275
0.1267
0.1259
0.1251
1003.2
999.1
994.9
990.7
300
305
310
315
2.38
2.60
2.84
3.10
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.19
2.359
2.373
2.388
2.403
0.0939
0.0931
0.0923
0.0915
806.8
801.3
795.8
790.1
110
115
120
125
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.86
0.82
0.77
0.73
1.828
1.842
1.856
1.870
0.1243
0.1235
0.1227
0.1219
986.5
982.3
978.1
973.8
320
325
330
335
3.37
3.66
3.96
4.29
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
2.417
2.432
2.448
2.463
0.0907
0.0899
0.0891
0.0883
784.4
778.6
772.8
766.9
130
135
140
145
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.70
0.67
0.64
0.61
1.884
1.898
1.912
1.926
0.1211
0.1203
0.1195
0.1187
969.5
965.2
960.9
956.6
340
345
350
355
4.64
5.00
5.39
5.80
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
2.479
2.494
2.511
2.527
0.0875
0.0867
0.0859
0.0851
760.9
754.8
748.6
742.3
150
155
160
165
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
1.940
1.954
1.968
1.982
0.1179
0.1171
0.1163
0.1155
952.2
947.8
943.4
938.9
360
365
370
375
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
2.544
2.561
2.579
2.597
0.0843
0.0835
0.0827
0.0819
735.9
729.4
722.8
716.1
170
175
180
185
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.44
1.996
2.010
2.023
2.037
0.1147
0.1139
0.1131
0.1123
934.5
930.0
925.5
920.9
380
385
390
395
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
2.616
2.636
2.657
2.678
0.0811
0.0803
0.0795
0.0787
709.2
702.2
695.0
687.7
190
195
200
205
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.42
0.41
0.39
0.38
2.051
2.065
2.079
2.093
0.1115
0.1107
0.1099
0.1091
916.4
911.8
907.1
902.5
400
405
410
415
10.64
11.32
12.03
12.78
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
2.701
2.725
2.751
2.779
0.0779
0.0771
0.0763
0.0755
680.2
672.5
664.6
656.5
210
215
220
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.37
0.35
0.34
2.107
2.120
2.134
0.1083
0.1075
0.1067
897.8
893.1
888.3
420
425
13.56
14.38
0.11
0.11
2.809
2.842
0.0747
0.0739
648.1
639.4
17
Table 2 Saturated Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (English Units)
Table 3 Saturated Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
F
psia
cP
lb/ft3
F
psia
cP
lb/ft3
53.6
60
70
80
90
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
5.52
4.91
4.15
3.55
3.07
0.370
0.373
0.377
0.380
0.384
0.0809
0.0805
0.0800
0.0795
0.0790
66.54
66.37
66.10
65.82
65.55
440
450
460
470
480
7.19
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
0.33
0.32
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.515
0.518
0.522
0.526
0.529
0.0610
0.0605
0.0600
0.0595
0.0590
55.06
54.72
54.38
54.04
53.70
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
2.69
2.38
2.12
1.90
1.72
0.388
0.392
0.396
0.399
0.403
0.0785
0.0780
0.0775
0.0769
0.0764
65.28
65.00
64.72
64.44
64.16
490
494.8
500
510
520
13.87
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.533
0.535
0.537
0.540
0.544
0.0585
0.0582
0.0579
0.0574
0.0569
53.35
53.18
53.00
52.65
52.29
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
1.57
1.43
1.32
1.22
1.13
0.407
0.411
0.414
0.418
0.422
0.0759
0.0754
0.0749
0.0744
0.0739
63.88
63.60
63.32
63.03
62.75
530
540
550
560
570
22.15
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.548
0.552
0.555
0.559
0.563
0.0564
0.0559
0.0554
0.0549
0.0543
51.93
51.57
51.20
50.82
50.45
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
1.05
0.98
0.92
0.86
0.81
0.426
0.429
0.433
0.437
0.441
0.0733
0.0728
0.0723
0.0718
0.0713
62.46
62.17
61.88
61.59
61.30
580
590
600
610
620
37.37
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.567
0.571
0.575
0.579
0.583
0.0538
0.0533
0.0528
0.0523
0.0518
50.07
49.68
49.29
48.89
48.49
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
0.76
0.72
0.68
0.65
0.62
0.444
0.448
0.452
0.456
0.459
0.0708
0.0703
0.0698
0.0692
0.0687
61.00
60.71
60.41
60.11
59.81
630
640
650
660
670
59.53
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
0.18
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.587
0.591
0.595
0.599
0.604
0.0513
0.0508
0.0502
0.0497
0.0492
48.08
47.67
47.25
46.82
46.39
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
0.59
0.56
0.53
0.51
0.49
0.463
0.467
0.470
0.474
0.478
0.0682
0.0677
0.0672
0.0667
0.0662
59.51
59.20
58.90
58.59
58.28
680
690
700
710
720
90.40
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.608
0.613
0.617
0.622
0.627
0.0487
0.0482
0.0477
0.0472
0.0466
45.94
45.49
45.03
44.56
44.08
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
0.47
0.45
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.481
0.485
0.489
0.492
0.496
0.0656
0.0651
0.0646
0.0641
0.0636
57.97
57.65
57.34
57.02
56.70
730
740
750
760
770
131.9
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.633
0.638
0.644
0.651
0.658
0.0461
0.0456
0.0451
0.0446
0.0441
43.59
43.09
42.57
42.04
41.49
400
410
420
430
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
0.38
0.37
0.35
0.34
0.500
0.503
0.507
0.511
0.0631
0.0626
0.0620
0.0615
56.37
56.05
55.72
55.39
780
790
800
186.4
199.1
212.5
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.665
0.673
0.682
0.0436
0.0430
0.0425
40.93
40.34
39.74
16
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
PRESS.
HEAT
COND.
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
C
bar
mPa sec
kJ/kg K
W/mK
kg/m3
12
15
20
25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
5.52
5.00
4.29
3.71
1.550
1.558
1.573
1.587
0.1400
0.1395
0.1387
0.1379
1065.9
1063.5
1059.6
1055.7
225
230
235
240
0.48
0.54
0.61
0.69
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
2.148
2.162
2.176
2.190
0.1059
0.1051
0.1043
0.1035
883.5
878.7
873.8
868.9
30
35
40
45
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
3.25
2.87
2.56
2.30
1.601
1.616
1.630
1.644
0.1371
0.1363
0.1355
0.1347
1051.7
1047.8
1043.8
1039.8
245
250
255
257.1
0.77
0.87
0.97
1.01
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.27
2.204
2.218
2.231
2.237
0.1027
0.1019
0.1011
0.1008
864.0
859.0
854.0
851.9
50
55
60
65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
2.07
1.88
1.72
1.58
1.658
1.673
1.687
1.701
0.1339
0.1331
0.1323
0.1315
1035.8
1031.8
1027.8
1023.7
260
265
270
275
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.24
2.245
2.259
2.273
2.288
0.1003
0.0995
0.0987
0.0979
849.0
843.9
838.7
833.6
70
75
80
85
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
1.46
1.35
1.25
1.17
1.715
1.729
1.744
1.758
0.1307
0.1299
0.1291
0.1283
1019.7
1015.6
1011.5
1007.4
280
285
290
295
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.22
2.302
2.316
2.330
2.344
0.0971
0.0963
0.0955
0.0947
828.3
823.0
817.7
812.3
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
1.09
1.03
0.97
0.91
1.772
1.786
1.800
1.814
0.1275
0.1267
0.1259
0.1251
1003.2
999.1
994.9
990.7
300
305
310
315
2.38
2.60
2.84
3.10
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.19
2.359
2.373
2.388
2.403
0.0939
0.0931
0.0923
0.0915
806.8
801.3
795.8
790.1
110
115
120
125
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.86
0.82
0.77
0.73
1.828
1.842
1.856
1.870
0.1243
0.1235
0.1227
0.1219
986.5
982.3
978.1
973.8
320
325
330
335
3.37
3.66
3.96
4.29
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
2.417
2.432
2.448
2.463
0.0907
0.0899
0.0891
0.0883
784.4
778.6
772.8
766.9
130
135
140
145
0.02
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.70
0.67
0.64
0.61
1.884
1.898
1.912
1.926
0.1211
0.1203
0.1195
0.1187
969.5
965.2
960.9
956.6
340
345
350
355
4.64
5.00
5.39
5.80
0.17
0.17
0.16
0.16
2.479
2.494
2.511
2.527
0.0875
0.0867
0.0859
0.0851
760.9
754.8
748.6
742.3
150
155
160
165
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.58
0.56
0.53
0.51
1.940
1.954
1.968
1.982
0.1179
0.1171
0.1163
0.1155
952.2
947.8
943.4
938.9
360
365
370
375
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
2.544
2.561
2.579
2.597
0.0843
0.0835
0.0827
0.0819
735.9
729.4
722.8
716.1
170
175
180
185
0.09
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.44
1.996
2.010
2.023
2.037
0.1147
0.1139
0.1131
0.1123
934.5
930.0
925.5
920.9
380
385
390
395
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
2.616
2.636
2.657
2.678
0.0811
0.0803
0.0795
0.0787
709.2
702.2
695.0
687.7
190
195
200
205
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
0.42
0.41
0.39
0.38
2.051
2.065
2.079
2.093
0.1115
0.1107
0.1099
0.1091
916.4
911.8
907.1
902.5
400
405
410
415
10.64
11.32
12.03
12.78
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
2.701
2.725
2.751
2.779
0.0779
0.0771
0.0763
0.0755
680.2
672.5
664.6
656.5
210
215
220
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.37
0.35
0.34
2.107
2.120
2.134
0.1083
0.1075
0.1067
897.8
893.1
888.3
420
425
13.56
14.38
0.11
0.11
2.809
2.842
0.0747
0.0739
648.1
639.4
17
Table 4 Saturated Vapor Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (English Units)

TEMP
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY
Btu/lb
lb/ft3
cP
VAPOR
ZVAPOR
THERMAL
COND.
Btu/hr ft2(F/ft)
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
Btu/lb F
cp/cv
psia
Btu/lb
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.001
0.001
0.0
2.5
6.4
10.3
14.3
176.0
175.1
173.7
172.3
171.0
176.0
177.6
180.1
182.7
185.3
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0043
0.0044
0.0046
0.0047
0.0049
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.247
0.250
0.255
0.260
0.265
1.051
1.050
1.049
1.048
1.047
100
110
120
130
140
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.005
0.007
18.2
22.2
26.2
30.2
34.3
169.8
168.5
167.3
166.1
164.9
188.0
190.7
193.5
196.3
199.2
0.0001
0.0002
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0051
0.0053
0.0055
0.0056
0.0058
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.270
0.275
0.279
0.284
0.289
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.044
1.043
150
160
170
180
190
0.010
0.014
0.020
0.028
0.038
38.3
42.4
46.5
50.7
54.9
163.8
162.6
161.5
160.4
159.3
202.1
205.1
208.1
211.1
214.2
0.0003
0.0004
0.0005
0.0007
0.0009
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0067
0.0068
0.0060
0.0062
0.0064
0.0066
0.0068
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
0.294
0.298
0.303
0.308
0.312
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
1.040
200
210
220
230
240
0.051
0.069
0.091
0.120
0.16
59.1
63.3
67.6
71.9
76.2
158.3
157.2
156.2
155.1
154.1
217.3
220.5
223.8
227.0
230.3
0.0012
0.0016
0.0021
0.0027
0.0034
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0072
0.0073
0.0070
0.0072
0.0075
0.0077
0.0079
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.317
0.321
0.326
0.330
0.335
1.039
1.039
1.038
1.038
1.037
250
260
270
280
290
0.20
0.26
0.33
0.41
0.51
80.6
85.0
89.5
94.0
98.5
153.1
152.0
151.0
150.0
149.0
233.7
237.1
240.5
244.0
247.5
0.0044
0.0055
0.0069
0.0086
0.0106
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0077
0.0078
0.0081
0.0083
0.0085
0.0087
0.0090
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.339
0.344
0.348
0.352
0.356
1.037
1.037
1.036
1.036
1.036
300
310
320
330
340
0.64
0.78
0.96
1.17
1.41
103.0
107.6
112.2
116.9
121.6
148.0
147.0
146.0
145.0
144.0
251.1
254.6
258.3
261.9
265.6
0.0130
0.0158
0.0191
0.0230
0.0275
0.0079
0.0080
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0092
0.0094
0.0097
0.0099
0.0101
0.996
0.995
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.361
0.365
0.369
0.373
0.377
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.034
350
360
370
380
390
1.70
2.03
2.42
2.87
3.38
126.4
131.1
135.9
140.8
145.7
143.0
142.0
141.0
139.9
138.9
269.3
273.1
276.9
280.7
284.6
0.0328
0.0388
0.0457
0.0535
0.0624
0.0084
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0103
0.0106
0.0108
0.0111
0.0113
0.990
0.989
0.988
0.986
0.984
0.381
0.385
0.389
0.393
0.397
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
400
410
420
430
440
3.96
4.63
5.38
6.23
7.19
150.6
155.6
160.6
165.6
170.7
137.9
136.8
135.8
134.7
133.6
288.5
292.4
296.3
300.3
304.3
0.0725
0.0839
0.0967
0.1110
0.1270
0.0090
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0115
0.0118
0.0120
0.0123
0.0125
0.982
0.980
0.977
0.975
0.972
0.401
0.405
0.409
0.413
0.417
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
450
460
470
480
490
8.25
9.45
10.78
12.25
13.87
175.8
180.9
186.1
191.4
196.6
132.5
131.4
130.3
129.2
128.0
308.3
312.4
316.4
320.5
324.7
0.1447
0.1644
0.1861
0.2100
0.2364
0.0095
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0100
0.0128
0.0130
0.0133
0.0135
0.0138
0.969
0.966
0.962
0.959
0.955
0.421
0.425
0.429
0.433
0.437
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
494.8
500
510
520
530
14.71
15.66
17.63
19.79
22.15
199.1
201.9
207.2
212.6
218.0
127.5
126.9
125.7
124.5
123.3
326.6
328.8
332.9
337.1
341.3
0.2499
0.2653
0.2969
0.3315
0.3692
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0139
0.0140
0.0143
0.0145
0.0148
0.953
0.951
0.946
0.942
0.937
0.438
0.441
0.444
0.448
0.452
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
540
550
560
570
580
24.72
27.51
30.54
33.83
37.37
223.5
228.9
234.5
240.0
245.6
122.1
120.8
119.5
118.2
116.9
345.5
349.7
354.0
358.2
362.5
0.4102
0.4547
0.5030
0.5554
0.6119
0.0105
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0110
0.0150
0.0153
0.0156
0.0158
0.0161
0.932
0.926
0.920
0.914
0.908
0.456
0.460
0.464
0.468
0.472
1.039
1.040
1.040
1.041
1.042
590
600
610
620
630
41.20
45.31
49.73
54.47
59.53
251.2
256.9
262.6
268.3
274.1
115.6
114.2
112.8
111.4
109.9
366.8
371.1
375.4
379.7
384.0
0.6730
0.7389
0.8099
0.8864
0.9686
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0117
0.0164
0.0166
0.0169
0.0172
0.0175
0.902
0.895
0.888
0.880
0.873
0.476
0.480
0.484
0.488
0.492
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.048
1.049
640
650
660
670
680
64.95
70.73
76.89
83.44
90.40
279.9
285.8
291.7
297.6
303.6
108.4
106.9
105.3
103.7
102.0
388.3
392.6
397.0
401.3
405.6
1.057
1.152
1.254
1.364
1.481
0.0118
0.0119
0.0121
0.0122
0.0124
0.0177
0.0180
0.0183
0.0186
0.0189
0.865
0.857
0.848
0.839
0.830
0.496
0.501
0.505
0.509
0.514
1.051
1.053
1.055
1.057
1.060
690
700
710
720
730
97.79
105.6
113.9
122.7
131.9
309.6
315.7
321.8
327.9
334.1
100.3
98.6
96.8
95.0
93.1
409.9
414.3
418.6
422.9
427.2
1.608
1.743
1.888
2.045
2.213
0.0125
0.0127
0.0128
0.0130
0.0132
0.0191
0.0194
0.0197
0.0200
0.0203
0.820
0.810
0.799
0.789
0.777
0.519
0.523
0.528
0.534
0.539
1.062
1.066
1.069
1.073
1.077
740
750
760
770
780
790
800
141.7
152.0
162.9
174.4
186.4
199.1
212.5
340.4
346.7
353.0
359.4
365.9
372.4
379.0
91.1
89.1
87.0
84.8
82.5
80.2
77.7
431.5
435.7
440.0
444.2
448.4
452.5
456.7
2.394
2.588
2.798
3.025
3.270
3.537
3.827
0.0134
0.0135
0.0137
0.0139
0.0142
0.0144
0.0146
0.0206
0.0209
0.0212
0.0215
0.0219
0.0222
0.0225
0.766
0.754
0.741
0.728
0.714
0.700
0.685
0.545
0.551
0.557
0.564
0.571
0.579
0.588
1.082
1.087
1.093
1.100
1.108
1.117
1.128
53.6
60
70
80
90
Btu/lb
Table 1 Physical Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid

(Laboratory values not to be confused with, or substitutes for, specifications). None of below are specifications.
Property
English Units
SI Units
Atmospheric Boiling Point
......................................... 494.8F
........................................ 257.1C
Freezing Point
........................................... 53.6F
.......................................... 12.0C
Flash Point, SETA
............................................ 236F
........................................... 113C
Fire Point, C.O.C.
............................................ 245F
........................................... 118C
Auto Ignition Temp.
.......................................... 1110F
........................................... 599C
Density at 75F
..................................... 66.0 lb/ft3
...................... 1056 kg/m3 @ 25C
...................... 8.80 lb/gal. @ 25C

Volume Contraction upon Freezing
.......................................... 6.63%
Volume Expansion upon Melting
........................................... 7.10%
Heat of Fusion
................................... 42.2 Btu/lb
...................................... 98.2 kJ/kg
Specific Resistivity
........... 1.2 x 1012 ohm cm @ 32F
............. 1.2 x 1012 ohm cm @ 0C
........... 6.4 x 1011 ohm cm @ 68F
........... 6.4 x 1011 ohm cm @ 20C
......... 3.9 x 1011 ohm cm @ 104F
........... 3.9 x 1011 ohm cm @ 40C
frequency 103
............................................... 3.26
............................................... 3.26
frequency 104
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 105
............................................... 3.27
............................................... 3.27
frequency 103
........................................... 0.0012
........................................... 0.0012
frequency 104
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
frequency 105
........................................... 0.0001
........................................... 0.0001
Dielectric Strength at 75F (24C)
................................ 530 volts/mil
........................... 20,866 volts/nm
Surface Tension in Air
.................40.1 Dynes/cm @ 68F
................ 40.1 Dynes/cm @ 20C
.............. 37.6 Dynes/cm @ 104F
................ 37.6 Dynes/cm @ 40C
.............. 35.7 Dynes/cm @ 140F
................ 35.7 Dynes/cm @ 60C
Critical Temperature
............................................ 927F
........................................... 497C
Critical Pressure
..................................... 30.93 atm
....................................... 31.34 bar
Critical Volume
................................. 0.0508 ft3/lb
........................................ 3.17 l/kg
Heat of Combustion
............................... 15,500 Btu/lb
..................................36,053 kJ/kg
Molecular Weight (Avg.)
............................................ 166.0
Dielectric Constant at 75F (24C)
Dissipation Factor at 75F (24C)
Cleveland Open Cup

ASTM E659-78
18
15
CUSTOMER SERVICE FOR

USERS OF DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUID
the shipping container. Cooling the

sample below 100F (40C) will
prevent the possibility of thermal
burns to personnel; also, the fluid
is then below its flash point. In
addition, any low boilers will not
Fluid Analysis
flash and be lost from the sample.
Cooling can be done by either a
batch or continuous process. The
offers an analytical service for
batch method consists of isolating
D OWTHERM A heat transfer fluid. the hot sample of fluid from the
It is recommended that users send system in a properly designed
a one-pint (0.5 liter) representative sample collector and then cooling
sample at least annually to:
it to below 100F (40C). After
it is cooled, it can be withdrawn
North America & Pacific
from the sampling collector into
a container for shipment.
Larkin Lab/Thermal Fluids
1691 North Swede Road
The continuous method consists of
Midland, Michigan 48674
controlling the fluid at a very low
United States of America
rate through a steel or stainless steel
cooling coil so as to maintain it at
Europe
100F (40C) or lower as it comes
Dow Benelux NV
out of the end of the cooler into the
SYLTHERM and D OWTHERM
sample collector. Before a sample is
Testing Laboratory
taken, the sampler should be thorOude Maasweg 4
oughly flushed. This initial fluid
3197 KJ Rotterdam Botlek
should be returned to the system or
The Netherlands
disposed of in a safe manner in compliance with all laws and regulations.
Latin America
It is important that samples sent
Dow Quimica S.A.
for analysis be representative of
Fluid Analysis Service
the charge in the unit. Ordinarily,
1671, Alexandre Dumas
samples should be taken from the
Santo Amaro Sao Paulo
main circulating line of a liquid
Brazil 04717-903
system. Occasionally, additional
Fluid Return Program

for DOWTHERM Fluids
In the unlikely event that you need
to change out DOWTHERM A fluid,
Dow offers a fluid return program.
If analysis of a particular fluid
sample reveals significant thermal
degradation of the medium, the
customer will be advised to return
the fluid in his system to Dow.
organic materials of low thermal
stability, it may not be acceptable
for Dow processing and will not
qualify for the return program.
In this case, Dow will advise the
customer that the fluid cannot be
processed and therefore should not
be returned to Dow. No material
should be sent to Dow until the fluid
analysis has been completed and
the customer informed of the results.
If the analysis shows fluid changeout is necessary, the customer
should order sufficient new material
to recharge the system before
sending the old fluid to Dow.
Under the fluid return program,
Dow will credit the customer for
all usable material recovered.
The Dow fluid return program permits customers to minimize their

heat transfer fluid investment,
samples may have to be taken from handling downtime and inventory,
This analysis gives a profile of fluid
while assuring that replacement
other parts of the system where
changes to help identify trouble
specific problems exist. A detailed fluid is of the highest quality.
from product contamination or
method for analyzing the fluid to
Before returning material for
thermal decomposition.
determine its quality is available
credit, contact Dow at the number
When a sample is taken from a hot upon request.
for your area listed on the back of
system, it should be cooled to below
this bulletin for details.
Used heat transfer fluid which
100F (40C) before it is put into
has been stored in drums or tanks
For further information, please
should be sampled in such a fashion contact your nearest Dow repreas to ensure a representative
sentative or call the number for
sample.
your area listed on the back of this
brochure. Ask for DOWTHERM A
Fluid.
14
Table 5 Saturated Vapor Properties of DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)

TEMP
VAPOR
LIQUID LATENT VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
VAPOR
PRESSURE ENTHALPY HEAT ENTHALPY DENSITY VISCOSITY THERMAL
COND.
bar
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kg/m3
mPa sec
W/mK
12
15
20
25
30
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0
4.9
13.1
21.3
29.5
409.0
407.2
404.4
401.5
398.8
409.0
412.1
417.4
422.8
428.3
35
40
45
50
55
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
37.7
46.0
54.4
62.7
71.2
396.1
393.4
390.9
388.3
385.8
433.8
439.5
445.2
451.0
457.0
60
65
70
75
80
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
79.6
88.1
96.7
105.3
114.0
383.4
380.9
378.6
376.2
373.9
85
90
95
100
105
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.01
0.01
122.7
131.5
140.3
149.2
158.1
110
115
120
125
130
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.02
0.02
135
140
145
150
155
ZVAPOR
SPECIFIC
RATIO
HEAT OF SPECIFIC
(cp)
HEATS
kJ/kg K
cp/cv
0.0053
0.0054
0.0055
0.0056
0.0057
0.0074
0.0075
0.0078
0.0081
0.0084
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.032
1.044
1.062
1.081
1.100
1.050
1.050
1.050
1.049
1.048
0.0011
0.0015
0.0021
0.0058
0.0059
0.0060
0.0061
0.0062
0.0086
0.0089
0.0092
0.0095
0.0098
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.118
1.137
1.155
1.173
1.191
1.047
1.046
1.045
1.045
1.044
463.0
469.1
475.2
481.5
487.9
0.0029
0.0040
0.0053
0.0072
0.0095
0.0062
0.0063
0.0064
0.0065
0.0066
0.0101
0.0104
0.0107
0.0110
0.0113
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.209
1.227
1.245
1.262
1.280
1.043
1.043
1.042
1.041
1.041
371.6
369.4
367.1
364.9
362.7
494.3
500.8
507.4
514.1
520.9
0.0125
0.0162
0.0210
0.0268
0.0341
0.0067
0.0068
0.0069
0.0070
0.0071
0.0116
0.0120
0.0123
0.0126
0.0129
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.297
1.315
1.332
1.349
1.366
1.040
1.040
1.039
1.039
1.038
167.1
176.2
185.4
194.6
203.8
360.6
358.4
356.3
354.1
352.0
527.7
534.6
541.6
548.7
555.9
0.0430
0.0538
0.0669
0.0826
0.1013
0.0072
0.0073
0.0074
0.0075
0.0076
0.0133
0.0136
0.0139
0.0143
0.0146
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.998
1.382
1.399
1.416
1.432
1.448
1.038
1.037
1.037
1.037
1.036
0.03
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
213.2
222.6
232.1
241.6
251.2
349.9
347.8
345.7
343.6
341.5
563.1
570.4
577.8
585.2
592.7
0.1235
0.1498
0.1806
0.2165
0.2583
0.0077
0.0078
0.0078
0.0079
0.0080
0.0149
0.0153
0.0156
0.0160
0.0163
0.997
0.997
0.996
0.995
0.995
1.464
1.481
1.497
1.512
1.528
1.036
1.036
1.035
1.035
1.035
160
165
170
175
180
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.11
0.13
260.9
270.7
280.5
290.4
300.4
339.4
337.3
335.2
333.1
331.0
600.3
608.0
615.7
623.5
631.3
0.3065
0.3621
0.4257
0.4984
0.5809
0.0081
0.0082
0.0083
0.0084
0.0085
0.0167
0.0170
0.0174
0.0178
0.0181
0.994
0.993
0.992
0.991
0.990
1.544
1.560
1.575
1.590
1.606
1.035
1.035
1.034
1.034
1.034
185
190
195
200
205
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.28
310.4
320.5
330.7
340.9
351.2
328.8
326.7
324.6
322.4
320.2
639.2
647.2
655.2
663.3
671.5
0.6744
0.7798
0.8984
1.031
1.179
0.0086
0.0087
0.0088
0.0089
0.0090
0.0185
0.0189
0.0192
0.0196
0.0200
0.988
0.987
0.985
0.984
0.982
1.621
1.636
1.651
1.666
1.681
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
210
215
220
225
230
0.32
0.37
0.42
0.48
0.54
361.6
372.1
382.6
393.2
403.9
318.0
315.8
313.6
311.4
309.1
679.7
687.9
696.2
704.6
713.0
1.344
1.528
1.730
1.954
2.201
0.0091
0.0092
0.0093
0.0094
0.0095
0.0204
0.0207
0.0211
0.0215
0.0219
0.980
0.978
0.975
0.973
0.970
1.696
1.711
1.726
1.741
1.755
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
1.034
235
240
245
250
255
0.61
0.69
0.77
0.87
0.97
414.6
425.4
436.3
447.2
458.2
306.8
304.5
302.1
299.8
297.4
721.4
729.9
738.4
747.0
755.6
2.471
2.768
3.092
3.446
3.831
0.0096
0.0097
0.0098
0.0099
0.0100
0.0223
0.0227
0.0231
0.0234
0.0238
0.967
0.964
0.961
0.958
0.954
1.770
1.785
1.799
1.814
1.829
1.035
1.035
1.035
1.036
1.036
257.1
260
265
270
275
1.01
1.08
1.20
1.33
1.48
462.9
469.3
480.5
491.7
503.0
296.4
294.9
292.5
290.0
287.5
759.2
764.3
773.0
781.7
790.4
4.003
4.250
4.704
5.196
5.727
0.0100
0.0101
0.0102
0.0103
0.0104
0.0240
0.0242
0.0246
0.0250
0.0254
0.953
0.951
0.947
0.942
0.938
1.835
1.843
1.858
1.872
1.887
1.036
1.036
1.037
1.037
1.038
280
285
290
295
300
1.63
1.80
1.98
2.17
2.38
514.3
525.8
537.3
548.8
560.5
284.9
282.3
279.6
277.0
274.2
799.2
808.1
816.9
825.8
834.7
6.301
6.920
7.586
8.302
9.071
0.0105
0.0106
0.0107
0.0108
0.0109
0.0258
0.0263
0.0267
0.0271
0.0275
0.934
0.929
0.924
0.919
0.913
1.902
1.916
1.931
1.946
1.961
1.038
1.039
1.040
1.041
1.042
305
310
315
320
325
2.60
2.84
3.10
3.37
3.66
572.2
583.9
595.8
607.7
619.7
271.5
268.6
265.8
262.8
259.8
843.6
852.6
861.5
870.5
879.5
9.896
10.78
11.73
12.74
13.82
0.0110
0.0111
0.0113
0.0114
0.0115
0.0279
0.0283
0.0287
0.0292
0.0296
0.908
0.902
0.896
0.889
0.883
1.976
1.991
2.006
2.021
2.036
1.042
1.044
1.045
1.046
1.047
330
335
340
345
350
3.96
4.29
4.64
5.00
5.39
631.7
643.9
656.1
668.4
680.7
256.8
253.7
250.5
247.3
244.0
888.6
897.6
906.6
915.7
924.7
14.98
16.21
17.53
18.93
20.43
0.0116
0.0117
0.0119
0.0120
0.0121
0.0300
0.0304
0.0309
0.0313
0.0317
0.876
0.869
0.862
0.854
0.846
2.052
2.068
2.084
2.100
2.116
1.048
1.050
1.052
1.053
1.055
355
360
365
370
375
5.80
6.24
6.69
7.18
7.68
693.1
705.7
718.2
730.9
743.7
240.6
237.2
233.6
230.0
226.3
933.8
942.8
951.9
960.9
970.0
22.03
23.73
25.54
27.47
29.53
0.0122
0.0124
0.0125
0.0126
0.0128
0.0322
0.0326
0.0331
0.0335
0.0340
0.838
0.830
0.821
0.812
0.803
2.133
2.150
2.168
2.186
2.204
1.057
1.060
1.062
1.065
1.068
380
385
390
395
400
8.22
8.78
9.37
9.99
10.64
756.5
769.4
782.4
795.5
808.7
222.5
218.6
214.5
210.4
206.1
979.0
988.0
997.0
1005.9
1014.8
31.73
34.07
36.58
39.25
42.11
0.0129
0.0131
0.0132
0.0134
0.0136
0.0344
0.0349
0.0354
0.0358
0.0363
0.793
0.783
0.773
0.762
0.751
2.224
2.244
2.264
2.286
2.309
1.071
1.075
1.079
1.083
1.088
405
410
415
420
425
11.32
12.03
12.78
13.56
14.38
822.0
835.4
848.9
862.5
876.3
201.7
197.1
192.4
187.5
182.3
1023.7
1032.5
1041.3
1050.0
1058.6
45.17
48.45
51.98
55.77
59.86
0.0138
0.0139
0.0141
0.0143
0.0145
0.0368
0.0373
0.0378
0.0383
0.0388
0.740
0.728
0.715
0.703
0.689
2.333
2.359
2.387
2.417
2.450
1.094
1.100
1.107
1.115
1.125
19

(Basis: 100 Gallons at 60F)
Environmental
Considerations
160
Stability. DOWTHERM A fluid has a

5-day BOD of 1.70 parts/part, 62%
of its theoretical oxygen demand. Its
COD is 2.53 parts/part. This indicates
that it is biodegradable and nonpersistent in the environment.
There is no evidence that harmful
products are formed as a result of
biodegradation. Once its bacteria
are acclimated, a waste treatment
system should achieve a high degree
of removal of fluid before the wastewater effluent reaches the receiving
body of water.
150
Expanded Volume, gal.
140
130
120
110
100
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
300
350
400
Temperature, F
Movement. The water solubility of

this material is very lowonly 14
ppm at ambient temperaturesand
if amounts exceeding this limit are
mixed with water, the medium will
settle to the bottom. Of course,
turbulence and the presence of other
materials may affect the physical
condition of the solution. It is also
possible that an emulsion may form
under certain conditions.
Data indicate that a large percentage

of the medium present in water will
be stripped out during aeration in the
primary stage of a waste treatment
facility.
Bioconcentration. Dow studies have
shown that both components of
DOWTHERM A fluidbiphenyl and
diphenyl oxidebioconcentrate in
trout, but that when these trout are
exposed to fresh water, the compounds
disappear from their tissues in a
relatively short time.
Should this material be discharged
into a body of water, it may bioconcentrate in fish, but at a significantly
lower level than compounds such as
polychlorinated biphenyl. Furthermore, because of the speed with
which the material is cleared from
the tissues and biodegrades, it is
unlikely to pose a serious problem.

(Basis: 1 m3 at 25C)
1.6
1.5
Expanded Volume, m3
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
50
100
150
200
250
Temperature, C
20
13
10
0.06
0.05
0.04
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
Viscosity, cP
Vapor Pressure, psia
Thermal Conductivity, Btu/hr ft2 (F/ft)
0.07
10
1
0.1
0.01
200
0.1
300
400
500
600
700
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Temperature, F
800
Temperature, F
Specific Heat
70
Specific Heat, Btu/lb F
0.7
65
60
55
50
45
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
40
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800

Temperature, F
Temperature, F
Figure 9 Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Liquid (SI Units)

Vapor Pressure
0.14
Viscosity
10
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.07
0
100
200
300
Temperature, C
Density
0.1
0.01
150
400
Viscosity, mPa sec
20
10
200
250
300
350
Temperature, C
400
0.1
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Temperature, C
Specific Heat
1100
2.9
1000
900
800
700
600
0
100
200
Temperature, C
12
Viscosity
300
100
Density
The product is not likely to be

absorbed in toxic amounts.
Contaminated skin should be
immediately and thoroughly washed
with soap and water. Contaminated
clothing and shoes should be
removed at once and the clothing
decontaminated before reuse.
Vapor Pressure
0.085
0.08
Vapor Pressure, bar
Skin Contact. Single exposures to

DOWTHERM A in liquid form are
not irritating to the skin. However,
prolonged or repeated skin contact
may cause irritation and should
therefore be avoided. Fluid that has
been used at high temperatures for
extended periods of time can cause
skin irritation or dermatitis.
Specific Heat, kJ/kg K
Ingestion. Oral administration of

Inhalation. Animal studies indicate DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid
that DOWTHERM A fluid has a low
to laboratory rats has revealed a
order of inhalation toxicity. Limited low order of systemic toxicity. The
studies in rats, rabbits, and guinea
single-dose oral LD50 in female rats
pigs did not show significant effects is 2487 mg/kg. Limited studies show
from exposures of 710 ppm, 7 hours no significant toxicity in rats that
a day, 5 days a week for 6 months.
received daily oral doses, 5 days a
These were the highest vapor conweek for 1 to 6 months, of 100 mg/kg
centrations that could be maintained DOWTHERM A fluid. Liver and
without condensation and fogging.
kidney effects were observed at
higher doses.
DOWTHERM A fluid has a striking
odor that becomes quite disagreeable, Ingestion of small amounts of
even irritating to the eyes and nose, DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid
at concentrations far below 7 ppm.
incidental to handling should not
This odor serves as a warning to
cause injury. It should, however, be
prevent excessive exposure to vapors recognized that ill effects will result
and fumes. The OSHA standard for if substantial amounts are swallowed.
this mixture is 1 ppm. The ACGIH
Induce vomiting if large amounts of
TLV is 1 ppm TWA, 2 ppm STEL for DOWTHERM A fluid are ingested.
the diphenyl oxide component and Consult with medical personnel
0.2 ppm TWA for the biphenyl
immediately.
component.
Eye Contact. Contact with
DOWTHERM A in both the liquid
and vapor form may be painful, but
otherwise is only slightly irritating to
the eyes and will not cause corneal
injury. Whenever there is the
potential for gross eye contamination, face shields or chemical
workers goggles should be worn to

material being processed or with
other materials, additional treatment
may be required.
Figure 8Liquid Properties of DOWTHERM A Liquid (English Units)
Density, lb/ft3
Health Considerations
avoid discomfort that might result

from direct contact. Safety glasses
are recommended for everyday use.
If the eyes are accidentally contaminated with fluid, they should be
thoroughly washed with flowing
water for 5 minutes and medical
attention obtained if there is any
evidence of irritation.
Thermal Conductivity, W/mK
A Material Safety Data Sheet

(MSDS) for DOWTHERM A heat
transfer fluid is available by calling
the number listed on the back of this
brochure. The MSDS contains complete health and safety information
regarding the use of this product.
Read and understand the MSDS
before handling or otherwise using
this product.
Whenever accidental or unusual

conditions result in higher concentrations of vapors or fumes, workers
should wear respiratory protection
suitable for organic mists and vapors.
Where there is a possibility of
oxygen deficiency, workers should
use an air-supplied mask or positive
pressure, self-contained breathing
apparatus. In regular operations,
concentrations of vapors in the
atmosphere should be kept at levels
that are not disagreeable. If ill effects
occur from accidental exposure to
heavy concentrations in the air,
remove the victim to fresh air and
get immediate medical attention.
Density, kg/m3
HEALTH AND
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONSIDERATIONS
300
400
2.7
2.3
1.9
1.5
0
100
200
300
400
Temperature, C
21
50
22
100
150
50
200
250
Figure 11 Water Saturation of DOWTHERM A Liquid (SI Units)
1000000
100000
Temperature, C
100
Pressure Switch Low


Electrical Lines
1000
100
Temperature, F
300
350
150
400
1000
100
200
Vaporizers for DOWTHERM A fluid utilize both natural and forced circulation.
A pump is required where there is insufficient elevation between vaporizer
and heat user to return condensate by gravity.
Hand-throttled bypass required to prevent pump heat-up.
A
B
Thermal Tracing System required if ambient temperature = <60F (15C).
10000
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
FSL Flow Switch Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH

100000
Instrument Legend
Figure 10 Water Saturation of DOWTHERM A Liquid (English Units)

Figure 5 Vapor Phase Heating with
DOWTHERM A Fluid
1000000
10000
11
Loading
Pump
Cond.
Storage Tank
and Panel Coil
LI
TIC
Snuffing Stm.
Fuel Gas
PCV
PSL
Atm.
Vent
PI
PI
PSH
To Pilot Light
BE
BC
BA
1
TIC
7
FRC
LSL
LA / L
Heat Exchanger
#1
PRV
PCV
LI
TIC
Vent Header
FI
Jacket Loop
Circulating Pump
TIC
Pressure Relief Header
Enthalpy Btu/lb
Expansion
Tank
PRV
Process Fluid
Vent
Heating Loop
Circulating Pump
Spare Pump
Heater for
DOWTHERM Fluid
TSH
FSL
Vent
Slope Do Not Pocket, Heat Trace
0.02
420
440
1
Density, lb/cu ft
360
po
Va
Process Tank
Vent
LC
PIC
Steam Generator
PI
Cooling Loop
Circulating Pump
FI
Steam Condensate
Pump
TIC
Heating or
Cooling Process
(450F) (232C) Process Fluid

TRC
Steam
PRV
Stm. Hdr.
Heat Exchanger
#2
PRV
Process Fluid
(375F) (191C)
Vent
(380F) (193C)
240
300
0.07
0.84
380
0.94
ed
TRC
D Process fluid freezes at 350F (177C).
C Heat exchanger #2 is cooled with DOWTHERM A fluid to avoid any possibility

of contaminating the process fluid with water in the event of a tube leak.
B Thermal tracing system on vent and safety valve lines if ambient

temperature = <80F (27C).
A External heating required if fluid pumpability is limiting in cold weather.

Electrical Lines
220
rat
tu
340
Sa
200
0.78
0.4
0.04
0.1
400
uid
Liq
280
ed
rat
BA Burner Alarm
BC Burner Control
FSL Flow Switch Low
LI Level Indicator
LC Level Controller
Pressure Switch Low

0.76
u
Sat
Heating
Media
PSL
TIC
TRC
TSH
Instrument Legend
10
Steam
Condensate
LC
Figure 4 Liquid Phase Heating with

DOWTHERM A Fluid
Figure 12 Calculated Pressure vs. Enthalpy for DOWTHERM A Fluid (English Units)
180
0.66
480F
0.68
0.70
520F
0.72
Entropy, Btu/lb F
560F
0.74
260
600F
0.88
460
10
640F
0.80
680F
320
0.82
720F
760F
0.2
800F
0.86
0.7
3.0
0.90
1.0
0.92
1.5
2.0
480
Pressure, psia
100
500
23
Figure 13 Calculated Pressure vs. Enthalpy for DOWTHERM A Fluid (SI Units)
Figure 2Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates for

300
Basis: 600F with 5F Subcooling for Condensate of DOWTHERM A Fluid

100
2.7
2.8
250C
2.9
500
D T for Liquid, F
400
275C
3.0
300C
Entropy, kJ/kg K
10
600
3.1
325C
350C
3.2
Sa
3.3
ate
3.4
tur
Enthalpy, kJ/kg
700
375C
10
(lb/hr Liquid)/(lb/hr Vapor)
100
iqu
dL
id
1.5
Figure 3 Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates for

400C
800
1.0
3.5
Basis: 315C with 3C Subcooling for Condensate of DOWTHERM A Fluid
0.6
60
425C
ted
ra
tu
Sa
900
po
Va
3.6
3.0
3.7
D T for Liquid, C
1000
Density, kg/m3
3.8
10.0
25.0
6.0
10
1100
50.0
3.9
1200
10
100
1000
Pressure, kPa
3000
1
1
10
100
(kg/hr Liquid)/(kg/hr Vapor)
24
1 1/2
"
LE 4
0 PIP
6"
EDU
4"
SCH
3"
5. A vapor system requires less working inventory of DOWTHERM A fluid

since the line to the user, and the
user, are filled with vapor rather than
liquid.
6. With heat-sensitive products,
where the maximum temperature of
the heat transfer medium must be
limited, heating may be accomplished
more economically with condensing
vapor than with liquid at high mass
flow rates.
1",
1", 14 B
16 WG
BW
G
(ft
/se
c)
OC
IT
Y
4
2"
4. No pumps are needed when a

gravity return condensate system is
used with a natural circulation
vaporizer.
1"
3. Vapor phase heating has an

advantage where it is difficult to
control liquid flow pattern and
velocity; e.g., in kettle jackets.
VE
L
2. Vapor systems, with their condensing vapor, provide a more uniform

heat source and precision temperature
control of the user. An equivalent
liquid system would have to be
operated at extreme flow rates in
order to maintain the same close
temperature uniformity. This is
illustrated in Figures 2 and 3.
10
E SIZ
3
/4
3 ",
/4"
1000
1. Vapor phase systems provide

much more heat per unit mass of
heat medium passed through the
user (Figures 2 and 3).
TUB
14
, 16 BW
BW G
G
1
, 186 BW
BW G
G
Figure 14Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
1
/2
1 ",
/2"
Advantages of Vapor
Phase Heating with
DOWTHERM A Fluid
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
1
10
100
1000
Flow Rate, GPM

Multiplier Factor
1.1
Figure 5 shows a vapor phase

DOWTHERM A fluid.
1
0.9
Factor
tion vaporizers. However, costs

should be investigated for each
system since this may not always
hold true. In a liquid phase system,
In choosing between liquid phase
the pump for the forced circulation
and vapor phase heating with
DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid, it heater must be sized large enough for
the entire system. If a forced circulais necessary to consider the overall
tion vaporizer is used, a pump may
process, the heat tolerance of the
or may not be required to return the
product, the equipment, and the
condensate, depending on the liquid
overall economics. In many cases,
the overall costs for the two types of head available.
systems will not differ significantly,
Many systems use DOWTHERM A
and the choice must be based on
fluid for cooling, either by circulating
other considerations.
it or by allowing it to boil and extracting the latent heat at a constant
With vapor phase systems, heat is
temperature. In addition, many use
transferred at the saturation temDOWTHERM A fluid for heating and
perature of the vapor. As a result,
cooling the same piece of equipment.
such units can provide uniform,
Where unusually accurate and uniprecisely controlled temperatures.
The heating of synthetic fiber spin- form cooling is required, baffles may
be placed in the jacket to direct the
nerettes represents just one of the
many applications that take advan- liquid flow, or cooling may be
accurately controlled by boiling
tage of these vapor properties.
DOWTHERM A at the controlled
In liquid phase systems, the tempera- pressure.
ture of the heating medium decreases
as it gives up its sensible heat. Thus, Advantages of Liquid
the temperature of the medium at
Phase Heating with
the inlet will be higher than its
temperature at the outlet. This non- DOWTHERM A Fluid
uniformity of temperature can be
harmful to heat-sensitive products,
1. Unlike vapor phase systems, those
even when it is reduced by increasing employing liquid DOWTHERM A
the circulation rate of the medium.
fluid require no condensate return
However, for heat-insensitive
equipment. This factor becomes
products, such changes in tempera- more important when there are
ture are of little consequence.
multiple users operating at widely
In systems with multiple heat users, differing temperatures.
a combination of both vapor and
2. Where alternate heating and
liquid phase may be superior to
cooling are necessary, liquid phase
either by itself. Economics is the
heating allows the use of simpler,
deciding factor when considering
more easily operated systems.
line sizing, distances, pressure drop,
3. There is no temperature gradient
type of equipment, method of temdue to pressure drop in the supply
perature control, and temperature
piping.
requirements.
Forced circulation units may be used 4. Liquid systems give a positive flow
through the user with a minimum of
with both liquid phase and vapor
venting.
phase systems. Such units require a
pump; hence, both initial and opera- 5. Liquid phase heating eliminates
ting costs may, in some cases, be
the problem of condensate removal
higher than equivalent costs for
in such units as platen presses and
gravity systems with natural circula- horizontal sinuous coils.
Film Coefficient, Btu/hr ft 2 F
LIQUID AND VAPOR

PHASE TECHNOLOGY
0.8
0.7
0.6

D.Q. Kern (1950) p. 103
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
0.5
0.4
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
Figure 4 shows a liquid phase

DOWTHERM A fluid.
8
25
Figure 15Liquid Film Coefficient for DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
10000
Flammability
TUBE S
IZE
16
18 BW
BW G,
G, 12
12 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 19
19 mm
mm
14
16 BW
BW G,
G, 25
25 mm
mm
DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid

is a combustible material but has a
relatively high flash point of 236F
(113C) (SETA), a fire point of
245F (118C) (C.O.C.), and an
autoignition temperature of 1110F
(599C) (ASTM, E659-78). The
lower flammable limit is 0.6%
(volume) at 175C , while the
upper limit is 6.8% at 190C.
3
2.5
A leak from a vapor system into the

combustion chamber of a furnace will
result only in burning of the vapors;
the percentage of carbon dioxide
usually present will not permit the
formation of an explosive mixture.
A leak from a liquid system into a
furnace compartment results in the
burning of the liquid and the production of a large amount of black smoke
due to incomplete combustion.
VE
LO
CI
TY
15
0m
m
SCHE
DULE
40 PIP
E
10
0m
m
75
mm
50
mm
1000
38
mm
(m
/se
c)
1.5
25
mm
Film Coefficient,W/m2 K
0.5
W/(m2)(K)=[Btu/(hr)(ft2)(F)](5.678)
100
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
Flow Rate, m3/sec
0.1
Vapor leaks to the atmosphere are

also sometimes encountered. Such
leaks, however small, should not be
tolerated because of the cost of
replacing lost medium. Experience
has shown that leaking vapors have
usually cooled well below the fire
point and fire has rarely resulted. Due
to the strong odor of the medium,
such leaks rarely go undetected
without corrective action.
Leaks from pipelines into insulation

are likewise potentially hazardous as
they can lead to fires in the insulation. It has been found, for example,
that leakage of organic materials into
some types of insulation at elevated
temperatures may result in spontaneous ignition.
Vapors of DOWTHERM A fluid do
not pose a serious flammability hazard
at room temperature, because the
saturation concentration is so far
below the lower flammability limit.
If used and maintained properly, installations employing DOWTHERM A
fluid should present no unusual
flammability hazards.
Under extremely unusual circumstances, flammable mists are possible.
In order for flammable mists to form,
several variables must be within
certain, very narrow ranges:
1. Time of exposure to an ignition
source.
2. Temperature of the ignition source
and atmosphere.
3. Volume of fuel and air mixture.
4. Fuel to air ratio.
5. Mist particle size.
Multiplier Factor
1.1

D.Q. Kern (1950) p. 103
~!
m
Nu = 0.027 Re0.8PR13 m
w
Factor
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.14
Chart based on
~!
m 0.14
=1
mw
0.6
0.5
0.4
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
26
Units can be designed to operate

at higher temperatures than those
presently recommended in cases
where the greater replacement costs
of DOWTHERM A fluidresulting
from its increased decomposition
ratecan be economically justified.
In such units, adequate provision
Flash distillation serves to reduce

high-boiling fractions to a minimum
and to keep fluid quality and subsequent film coefficients at a maximum.
Figure 1Impact of Heat Flux and Fluid Velocity on the Thermal

Stability of a Diphenyl Oxide/Biphenyl Eutectic Mixture
32
24
Test Data
Inlet Temp., F (C)
Outlet Temp., F (C)
Velocity at Tube Inlet,
ft/sec (m/sec)
Heat Flux, Btu/hr/ft2
(W/m2)
Avg. Tube Temp.,F (C)
% Vaporization by Volume
% Vaporization by Weight
1
2
3
4
790 (421) 790 (421) 709 (376) 704 (373)
806 (430) 791 (422) 710 (377) 715 (379)
2 (0.61)
14 (4.3)
15,000
47,325
844 (451)
48
6.8
15,000
10,000
47,325
31,550
804 (429) 716 (380)
26
27
2.7
1.4
14 (4.3)
2 (0.61)
10,000
31,550
722 (383)
29
1.6
Steel is used predominantly, although

low alloy steels, stainless steels,
Monel alloy, etc. are also used in
miscellaneous pieces of equipment
and instruments.
Most corrosion problems are caused
by chemicals introduced into the
system during cleaning or from process leaks. The severity and nature
of the attack will depend upon the
amounts and type of contamination
involved.
/4"
,
/4" 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
SIZ
10
11/2
"
SC
HE
DU
LE
40
PIP
4"
3"
2"
3
6"

in both the liquid and vapor form,
is noncorrosive toward common
metals and alloys. Even at the high
temperatures involved, equipment
usually exhibits excellent service
life. Original equipment in many
systems is still being used after 30
years of continuous service.
BE
1"
1" , 14
, 1 BW
6B G
W
G
1"
CI
TY
Corrosivity
TU
(ft
/se
c
10
DOWTHERM A fluid is stable up

to dosages of 1010 rads. At higher
dosages, a polymerization similar
to thermal degradation begins to
occur.
1
/2"
/2" , 16
,1 B
8 WG
BW
G
100
2
1
0.1
When special materials of construction are used, extra precaution

should be taken to avoid contaminating materials containing the
following:
0.01
Construction Material
Contaminant
Austenitic Stainless Steel

Nickel
Copper Alloys
Chloride
Sulfur
Ammonia
10
100
1000
Flow Rate, gpm

Multiplier Factor
1.6
1.5
16
1.4
(1)
1.3
Factor
Weight-Percent High Boilers Formed
40
Figure 16Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (English Units)
LO
When units are operated at high temperatures, liquid velocities in heaters

should be a minimum of 6 feet per
second (2m per sec.); a range of
610 feet per second (23m per sec.)
should cover most cases. The actual
velocity selected will depend on an
economic balance between the cost
of circulation and heat transfer surface as well as the replacement cost
for new fluid. Operating limitations
are usually placed on heat flux by the
equipment manufacturer. This heat
flux is determined for a maximum
film temperature by the operating
conditions of the particular unit.
Removal of decomposed heat
transfer medium can be accomplished
by continuous or semi-continuous
reclamation of medium. This is
accomplished by passing a small side
stream from the heater or vaporizer
through a flash still.
Radiation Stability
VE
must be made for good circulation,

lower heat fluxes, and frequent or
continuous purification.
The rate of decomposition of

DOWTHERM A fluid is also highly
dependent upon conditions in the
vaporizer or fired heater. The data
in Figure 1 show the impact of high
heat flux and low fluid velocity on
the formation of degradation products in a diphenyl oxide/biphenyl
eutectic mixture. Curve 1 shows the
results obtained at an accelerated
temperature, a high heat flux, and a
low tube velocity. These conditions
tend to cause high film temperatures.
Curve 2 was obtained utilizing the
same operating temperature and heat
flux but a high tube velocity. The
latter condition reduced the excessive film temperatures. Curves 3 and
4 illustrate the long fluid life that can
be expected when units are operated
under moderate conditions with the
proper relationship between heat flux
and tube temperature.
(2)
8
1.2
1.1
1
(3 & 4)
0
0.8
Time
0.9
0.7
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
Temperature, F
27
Figure 17Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Fluid Inside Pipes and Tubes (SI Units)
FLUID SELECTION
CRITERIA
1000
The thermal stability of a heat

Four important properties that help transfer fluid is dependent not only
determine the viability of a heat
on its chemical structure but also on
transfer fluid in a particular applica- the design and operating temperature
tion are stability, vapor pressure,
profile of the system in which it is
freeze point, and viscosity. These are used. Maximum life for a fluid can
discussed below.
be obtained by following sound
engineering practices in the design
of the heat transfer system. Three
1. Stability
key areas of focus are: operating and
DOWTHERM A fluid possesses
designing the heater and/or energy
unsurpassed thermal stability at
recovery unit, preventing chemical
temperatures of 750F (400C).
contamination, and eliminating
The maximum recommended film
contact of the fluid with air.
temperature is 800F (425C).
25
mm
mm
ED
LE
40
PI
PE
mm
50
38
mm
SC
100
mm
150
mm
Pressure Drop, kPa/100 m
75
100
2. Vapor Pressure
16
18 BWG,
BW
1
G, 2 mm
12
mm
sec
Y, m
/
CIT
ZE
LO
SI
1.5
VE
BE
14
16 BWG
BW , 2
G, 5 mm
25
mm
TU
DOWTHERM A fluid may be used

in vapor phase heat transfer applications from 495F (257C) to
750F (400C). It may be used in
the liquid phase from 60F (15C)
to 750F (400C). Its vapor pressure is 3.96 psia at 400F (0.24 bar
at 200C) and 152.5 psia (10.6 bar)
at the maximum recommended use
temperature.
2.5
14
16 BWG
BW , 19
G,
19 mm
mm
10
3. Freeze Point
0.5
1
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
Flow Rate, m3/sec
Multiplier Factor
1.6
1.5
0.01
Thermal Stability
0.1
Heater Design and Operation

Poor design and/or misoperation of
the fired heater can cause overheating resulting in excessive thermal
degradation of the fluid. Some problem areas to be avoided include:
1. Flame impingement.
2. Operating the heater above its
rated capacity.
3. Modifying the fuel-to-air mixing
procedure to reduce the flame
height and pattern. This can yield
higher flame and gas temperatures
together with higher heat flux in
the shorter flame area.
DOWTHERM A fluid has a freezing

point of 53.6F (12C) and can be
used without steam tracing in instal4. Low velocity/high heat flux
lations protected from the weather.
areas resulting in excessive heat
transfer fluid film temperatures.
4. Viscosity
The manufacturer of the fired
The viscosity of DOWTHERM A
heater should be the primary
fluid is low and changes only
contact in supplying you with the
slightly between the melting point proper equipment for your heat
of the product and its top operating transfer system needs.
temperature. As a result, start-up
problems are minimized.
Chemical Contamination
A primary concern regarding chemical contaminants in a heat transfer
fluid system is their relatively poor
thermal stability at elevated temperatures. The thermal degradation of
chemical contaminants may be very
rapid which may lead to fouling of
heat transfer surfaces and corrosion
of system components. The severity
and nature of the corrosion will
depend upon the amount and type
of contaminant introduced into the
system.
Air Oxidation
Organic heat transfer fluids operated
at elevated temperatures are susceptible to air oxidation. The degree
of oxidation and the rate of reaction
are dependent upon the chemical
structure of the heat transfer fluid
as well as the temperature and the
degree of mixing. Undesirable byproducts of this reaction may include
carboxylic acids which would likely
result in system operating problems.
Preventive measures should be taken
to ensure that air is eliminated from
the system prior to bringing the heat
transfer fluid up to operating temperatures. A positive pressure inert gas
blanket should be maintained at all
times on the expansion tank during
system operation.
1.4
Factor
1.3
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
0.7
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Temperature, C
28
Unsurpassed Thermal
Stability and Efficiency
with Technical Backup
and Support to Match
DOWTHERM A fluid, which has
been employed in industrial heat
transfer systems for over 60 years,
is the preferred product for a wide
range of indirect heat transfer
applications. It is stable, does not
decompose readily at high temperatures, and can be used effectively
in either liquid or vapor phase
systems.
Figure 18 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (English Units)
150
When it is time to change out your

Dows Fluid Return Program allows
you to return the old fluid and
receive credit toward the purchase
of your new fluid charge.
Finally, the capability of the manufacturer to supply quality product
in a timely fashion must be considered. Dows large manufacturing
capacity and strategically placed
warehouses make DOWTHERM A
fluid available when and where you
need it.
For Information About Our Full Line of Fluids
3"
(ft
/se
c)
2"
Of equal importance, but often overlooked, is the support provided by

the fluid manufacturer. Dows assistance to industry is unequaled. This
includes technical backup in the
design phase, during operation and
after shutdown, as needed. Moreover,
free analytical testing is provided to
monitor fluid condition.
11
/2"
180
1"
100
TY
90
4"
10
6"
DOWTHERM* A heat transfer fluid

is a eutectic mixture of two very
stable organic compounds, biphenyl
(C12H10) and diphenyl oxide (C12H10O).
These compounds have practically
the same vapor pressures, so the
mixture can be handled as if it were
a single compound. DOWTHERM A
fluid may be used in systems employing either liquid phase or vapor phase
heating. Its normal application range
is 60F to 750F (15C to 400C),
and its pressure range is from
atmospheric to 152.5 psig (10.6 bar).
The low viscosity throughout the

entire operating range results in
efficient heat transfer; start-up and
pumping problems are minimized.
The fluid is noncorrosive to
common metals and alloys.
VE
LO
CI
VERSATILE, STABLE, AND

PREFERRED DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUID
DOWTHERM A
HEAT TRANSFER FLUIDS
30
0.1
0.3
10
100
Flow Rate, 1000 lb/hr
To learn more about the full line of Dow Heat Transfer Fluids
including D OWTHERM synthetic organic, SYLTHERM silicone
and D OWTHERM, D OWFROST*, and D OWCAL* glycol-based
fluidsrequest our product line guide. Call the number for
your area listed on the back of this brochure.
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1

0.01
300
400
500
600
Temperature, F
700
800
29
Figure 19 Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of DOWTHERM A Vapor Inside Schedule 40 Pipe (SI Units)
CONTENTS
1000
Fluid Selection Criteria

Thermal Stability ........................................................................ 5
Radiation Stability ...................................................................... 6
Corrosivity ................................................................................... 6
Flammability ................................................................................ 7
60
40
VE
LO
CI
TY
(m
/se
c
Liquid and Vapor Phase Technology

Advantages of Liquid Phase Heating .......................................... 8
Advantages of Vapor Phase Heating .......................................... 8
Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates ...................... 9
Liquid Phase Heating ................................................................ 10
Vapor Phase Heating ................................................................. 11
20
Pressure Drop, kPa/100 m of pipe
100
Health and Environmental Considerations

Health Considerations .............................................................. 12
Inhalation ..................................................................... 12
Ingestion ....................................................................... 12
Eye Contact .................................................................. 12
Skin Contact ................................................................ 12
Environmental Considerations ................................................. 13
Stability ........................................................................ 13
Movement .................................................................... 13
Bioconcentration .......................................................... 13
Customer Service
Analysis ..................................................................................... 14
Fluid Credit Return Program..................................................... 14
15
0m
m
10
0m
75
mm
50
mm
38
mm
25
mm
10
10
1
0.04
0.1
Flow Rate, kg/sec
Multiplier Factor
10
Factor
0.1
0.01
150
30
200
250
300
Temperature, C
DOWTHERM A Heat Transfer Fluid, Introduction ..............................4
350
400
10
Properties
Physical Properties..................................................................... 15
Liquid Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 16
SI Units ........................................................................ 17
Vapor Saturation Properties
English Units ................................................................ 18
SI Units ........................................................................ 19
Expansion of Liquid ................................................................... 20
Liquid Properties ....................................................................... 21
Water Saturation ....................................................................... 22
Pressure Drop vs. Enthalpy
English Units ................................................................ 23
SI Units ........................................................................ 24
Liquid Film Coefficient
English Units ................................................................ 25
SI Units ........................................................................ 26
Engineering Data
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate of Liquid
English Units ................................................................ 27
SI Units ........................................................................ 28
Pressure Drop vs. Flow Rate for Vapors
English Units ................................................................ 29
SI Units ........................................................................ 30
DOWTHERM* A
Heat Transfer Fluid
DOWTHERM A
Heat Transfer Fluid
For further information, call...

In The United States And Canada: 1-800-447-4369 FAX: 1-517-832-1465
In Europe: +31 20691 6268 FAX: +31 20691 6418
In The Pacific: +886 2 715 3388 FAX: +886 2 717 4115
In Other Global Areas: 1-517-832-1556 FAX: 1-517-832-1465
http://www.dow.com/heattrans
NOTICE: No freedom from any patent owned by Seller or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location
to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for
Customers use and for ensuring that Customers workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other governmental
enactments. Seller assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED.
Published March 1997
NOTE: SYLTHERM heat transfer fluids are manufactured by Dow Corning Corporation and distributed by The Dow Chemical Company.
Printed in U.S.A.
NA/LA/Pacific: Form No. 176-1337-397 AMS

Europe: CH 153-039-E-397

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DOWTHERM* A

Heat Transfer Fluid

For further information, call...

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

NA/LA/Pacific: Form No. 176-1337-397 AMS

Product Technical Data

Fluid Selection Criteria

Liquid and Vapor Phase Technology

Pressure Drop, kPa/100 m of pipe

Health and Environmental Considerations

DOWTHERM A Heat Transfer Fluid, Introduction ..............................4

When it is time to change out your

For Information About Our Full Line of Fluids

Of equal importance, but often overlooked, is the support provided by

DOWTHERM* A heat transfer fluid

The low viscosity throughout the

VERSATILE, STABLE, AND

Pressure Drop, psi/100 ft of pipe

Flow Rate, 1000 lb/hr

*Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company

Trademark of Dow Corning Corporation

The thermal stability of a heat

Pressure Drop, kPa/100 m

DOWTHERM A fluid may be used

Heater Design and Operation

DOWTHERM A fluid has a freezing

Units can be designed to operate

Flash distillation serves to reduce

Figure 1Impact of Heat Flux and Fluid Velocity on the Thermal

Steel is used predominantly, although

DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid,

DOWTHERM A fluid is stable up

When special materials of construction are used, extra precaution

Austenitic Stainless Steel

Flow Rate, gpm

Weight-Percent High Boilers Formed

When units are operated at high temperatures, liquid velocities in heaters

must be made for good circulation,

Pressure Drop, psi/100 ft of pipe

The rate of decomposition of

DOWTHERM A heat transfer fluid

A leak from a vapor system into the

Flow Rate, m3/sec

Vapor leaks to the atmosphere are

Leaks from pipelines into insulation

Sieder and Tate Equation Process Heat Transfer,

5. A vapor system requires less working inventory of DOWTHERM A fluid

4. No pumps are needed when a

3. Vapor phase heating has an

2. Vapor systems, with their condensing vapor, provide a more uniform

1. Vapor phase systems provide

Flow Rate, GPM

Figure 5 shows a vapor phase

tion vaporizers. However, costs

Film Coefficient, Btu/hr ft 2 F

LIQUID AND VAPOR

Sieder and Tate Equation Process Heat Transfer,

Figure 4 shows a liquid phase

Figure 2Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates for

Basis: 600F with 5F Subcooling for Condensate of DOWTHERM A Fluid

Figure 3 Comparison of Liquid vs. Vapor Mass Flow Rates for

Basis: 315C with 3C Subcooling for Condensate of DOWTHERM A Fluid

(kg/hr Liquid)/(kg/hr Vapor)