Practice Problems 4

Thermodynamics & Statistical mechanics

1. Consider an ideal gas whose entropy is given by
nh
U
Vi
+ 5R ln + 2R ln
2
n
n
where n = number of moles, R = universal gas constant, U = internal energy, V = volume and = constant. Calculate
Cp and Cv , the specific heat at constant pressure and volume.
S=

2. Find the free energy F , if

U (S, V, N ) = U0

 N 5/3  V 2/3
0

N0

h  S
i
exp 2/3
S0
NK

3. Determine the value of critical volume and critical temperature for a gas which obeys the equation of state
P (V b) = RT exp (a/RT V )
4. Starting with the first Maxwell relation, derive the remaining three by using only the relations:
 x   y   z 
= 1
y z z x x y
and

 x   y   z 
=1
y f z f x f

5. Find out the Legenre transformation g(p) of function f (x) = ex , and also show that inverse Legenre transformation of
g(p) will give ex .
6. Show that for a gas obeying the van der Waals equation with CV is a function of T only, an equation for adiabatic
process is
T (V b)R/CV = constant
7. Show that for a gas obeying an equation P (V b) = RT with CV is constant, an equation for adiabatic process is
P (V b) = constant
8. The Helmholtz free energy of a gas is given by the expression
A = N 0 N kT ln (eV /N ) N cT ln T N T
Here N is the number of particle, V is the volume, T is the temperature, while 0 , c and are constants.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

Find
Find
Find
Find

entropy as a function of V and T .

internal energy as a function of T andN .
equation of state.
Gibbs free energy, enthalpy.

Answers:
1. Cv = 52 nR, Cp = 72 nR
h

i
3/2 N0 5/2 V
)
(
2. F = 32 N KT N KT S0 + ln ( 32 NUKT
)
(
)
N
V0
0
3. Vc = 2b, Tc =

a
4bR

4. 5. g(p) = p ln p p
6. 7. 8. (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

N ln eV
N + N c(1 + ln T ) + N T
U = N 0 + N cT
P = NVT
G = N 0 + N T ln P N T (1 + c) ln T N T , H = N 0 + N (c + 1)T