Page 1

Unit 1

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 01]

1. Ng php * (trang 20)
a. Auxiliary Verbs: tr ng t (ng t c bit, ng t khim khuyt)
- Can/could/may/might/will/ must/ought to/ had better + V bare infinitive (ng t
nguyn mu (hay cn gi l V0)
(trong bi thi Toeic khng kim tra shall --> khng cn ch )

b. Gi nh khng c tht qu kh ( ni l gi nh th khng c tht, c

tht th chng ai gi nh, m khng c tht th phi qu kh, xy ra
ri mi em ra gi nh)
- Should have V3: l ra nn
- Could have V3: l ra c th
- Must have V3: hn
- Would have V3: l ra s
ch : ging mnh if loi 3 (khng c tht qu kh), khc l If c 2 mnh ,
gi nh ch c 1 mnh
vd: She should have come to the party yesterday
(L ra hm qua c y nn n d tic --> thc t hm qua c ta khng c n (khng c
tht))

c. So snh MUST v HAVE TO

- Must mang tnh cht bt buc: buc phi (You must do that)
- Have to cng bt buc nhng mc nh hn: phi (I'm hungry I have to eat sth)
- Must not: mang tnh cht cm: khng c (You must not do that: bn khng c lm
iu )
- Don't have to: khng cn phi (You don't have to do that: bn khng cn phi lm iu

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Unit 1

d. Suy lun c cn c hin ti (Must be: hn l, Can't be: khng th l) (v l

suy lun nn th hin ci nhn phin din ca ngi ni, cha bit suy lun
ny c ng khng. Ngi ni da trn cc biu hin ca i tng a ra
suy lun)
- Must be + N: He must be a teacher (Anh ta hn l mt gio vin - nhn ging gio vin,
khng bit c phi tht khng)
- Must be + Adj: He must be rich (Anh ta hn l giu - nhn c l giu khng bit giu
tht khng)
- Must be + Ving: She must be sleeping at home now (C y hn l ang ng nh - ch
l on m)
- Can't be + N: He can't be a teacher (Anh ta khng th l gio vin - tng t nh trn
ch l suy on)
- Can't be + Adj: He can't be rich (Anh ta khng th giu c - suy on)

e. Already/recently. y l du hiu ca th hin ti hon thnh, nhng trong

bi thi Toeic cn c mt cu trc khc:
- already/recently + V2: ting anh ca ngi M
- Have/has + already/recently + V3: hin ti hon thnh
V d 1:
1. I have recently ... Mary to the party.
a. take b.took

c.taken

d. have taken

2. I recently ...Mary to the party.

a. take b.took

c.taken

d. have taken

(p n cui bi hc)

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Unit 1

f. ng t sau "should be/will be": sau hai ng t ny a s nhiu bn ngh

l V3: b ng, nhng nn ch :
+V3: trong trng hp b ng
should be/will be
+ Ving: trong trng hp ch ng
V d 2:
1. That door should be ....before leaving.
a. close

b. closed

c. closing

d. to close

1. You should be ....that door before leaving.

a. close

b. closed

c. closing

d. to close

(p n cui bi hc)

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (highlight nhng t in m

di y)
* trang 21
- Would you like: mi mc ai
- Keep + O + V3: gi cho ci g c...(b ng)
--> keep this medicine refrigerated, keep that door closed
- reach: (n): tm vi, (v): vi ti
--> keep out of the reach of the children: xa tm tay tr em (trong cc bao thuc, cc
loi ha phm c cm ny, ch nh)
-In the case of: trong trng hp
--> phn bit vi in case: phng khi
- take sb to swh: a ai n ni no
--> take the patient to the emergency room: a nn nhn n phng cp cu; take me to
your heart (I love this song ^^)
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Unit 1

- immediately (adv): ngay lp tc

- consult (v): t vn, tham vn --> nhn vin t vn: consultant
- accelerate (v) = increase: tng
--> phn bit vi reduce = decrease: gim
- productivity (n): nng sut
- take the time to do sth: dnh thi gian lm g
* ch ng t succeed c 2 ngha
(1): k tip, k nghip, ni ngi
(2): thnh cng
* danh t ca succeed c 2 danh t:
(1)success: (n): s thnh cng --> successful (adj)
(2) succession: (n): s k tip, s lin tip
* (trang 53)
- Cng thc nhn mnh vi tr ng t "DO" (p dng trong cu 2/trang 53)
- I went with her yesterday
--> I did go with her yesterday (Hm qua tht s ti i vi c ta)
- I like sport
--> I do like sport (ti tht s thch th thao)
- I don't think it will rain. However, if it DOES RAIN, turn off the machine.
(Ti khng ngh l tri s ma. Tuy nhin nu THT S tri ma, hy tt ci my i)
Xem thm cc cch s dng "DO" nhn mnh, ch s tng phn ti y:
[http://abc4kids.vn/article/ngu-phap/nhan-manh-bang-cach-su-dung-do-31.htm]
- would like to = want to: mun. Lu : "would like" khng phi l th qu kh, m
hin ti = want to, nhng dng "would like to" th hin s trang trng, lch s. Dng
"want to" trong ng cnh thn mt, khng trang trng. Trong cc email trong bi thi
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Unit 1

Toeic part 7, khi m u email ngi ta dng cm ny rt nhiu (I would like to inform
you that...)
I would like to see his daughter right now.
--> I want to see his daughter right now.
* (trang 54)
- form --> fill out, khi lm bi nu thy "form" rt c th s xut hin "fill out" v "mu
n" th chc chn s phi c "in vo" fill out the form
* (trang 56)
- make an appointment: sp xp mt cuc hn
- recommend/suggest/advise: cc t khuyn bo ngh, nn lu , mnh s cung cp
cu trc sau
+ advise (v): khuyn bo, khuyn co
+ advice (n): li khuyn
- take advantage of: tn dng, li dng
- charge (n): ph ln, ph dch v --> thng gp cm: small extra charge, no extra
charge
phn bit vi cost(n): ph nh, ph mua hng
- interested in: quan tm n
- at your earliest convenience: lc m thun tin nht cho bn
--> please call me at your earliest convenience.
* (trang 57)
- expert (n): chuyn gia --> fitness expert: chuyn gia TDTT
- workout (n): vic luyn tp TDTT
- benefit (n): li ch. Ch cu " Stretching has many benefits" --> benefit l danh t
m c (khi c bi m khng bit danh t l m c hay khng th nhn

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Unit 1

cch ngi ta vit cu ri on, du hiu trong cu ny l "many" v c "s" pha

sau t "benefit")
- flexibility (n): s linh hot --> improve flexibility: ci thin s linh hot
- make sure to V (nguyn mu) = be sure to V(nguyn mu): phi chc chn lm g -> make/be sure to include these pictures in your email
- Include/enclose/attach/accompanied by: nh km (cc t ny ng ngha, hay xut
hin trong part 7) Cc t ny khi ng u cu thng l V3, do b rt gn th b
ng (phn rt gn s c nu chi tit sau, cc bn ch cn ch khi thy cc t
ny ng u cu)
* (trang 58)
- thank sb for sth: cm n ai v iu g --> thank donors for their contributions: cm
n nhng ngi hin tng v s ng gp ca h --> exceptional contribution: s ng
gp c bit
- people in need: ngi cn c gip (ngi neo n, ngi lang thang..
- children in need: tr em cn c gip (tr em c nh)
- product in demand: sn phm c nhu cu
--> ngi th "in need", vt th "in demand"
-(so snh hn) than usual: hn so vi bnh thng --> later than usual: tr hn bnh
thng
- drop by: gh qua
* (trang 59)
- enter = come to: bc vo (v)
- aware (v): nhn thc --> be aware of: nhn thc v
- priority (n): s u tin
- policy (n): chnh sch
- strictly (adv): mt cch cht ch --> will be strictly enforced: s c p dng mt
cch cht ch (trong cu ny c will be v V3: b ng)
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Unit 1

* (trang 60)
- update (v): cp nht
- I'm pleased to V(nguyn mu) (v sau V nguyn mu mnh s ghi l V0 cho gn): ti
rt vui lm iu g...--> I'm pleased to note that...
* (trang 61)
- serve as = work as + 1 v tr ngh nghip: lm ngh g
--> I serve as/work as a secretary in this company: Ti lm th k cng ty ny (Ti
lm vic nh l 1 th k --> ngh ca ti l th k)
- take a look: xem qua
- According to: theo nh
- equal to: bng vi
- therefore = so: v th
- wisely (adv): mt cch khn ngoan
- affect (v): nh hng
- effect (n): s nh hng
- almost all: hu nh tt c, hu ht
* (trang 62)
- annual (adj): hng nm
- agenda (n): chng trnh ngh s
- memo (n): th ni b
- to deal with: gii quyt
- appreciate (v): cm kch
- discount (v): gim gi --> discounted price: gi gim (gi c gim)
- in person: trc tip --> I will talk to you in person: Ti s ni chuyn trc tip vi bn

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Unit 1

p n cc v d nu:
V d 1: 1.c, 2.b --> khi lm bi thi toeic thy trong cu c recently/already nh ch
trc n c have/has khng, nu khng c --> chn V2, nu c chn V3 (xem cu s
8/trang 54, cu 2/trang 56)
V d 2: 1.b, 2.c --> nn nhy cm vi cc ng t theo sau "to be", sau "to be" c 2
loi Ving/V3. Ch ng -->Ving, b ng-->V3 (dng 3 t trn xung, trang 61 "you
should be eating" highlight ch ny nh)

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Unit 2

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 02]

1. Ng php
xem file cc th trong ting Anh (nh km cui ti liu)

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* (trang 23)
- complaint (n): li than phin, li phn nn
- complain (v): than phin, phn nn
(Part 7 email rt thng th hin phn nn v cc dch v)
- set = establish (v): thit lp
- expect (v): mong i (ch nhm vi t "chuyn gia" bi ngy 9 nu, xem li t
"s ng gp c bit", nu khng GI LI XEM NGAY)
- punctual = on time: ng gi
- observe (v): (1): tun th; (2): quan st
- pay off (v): (1) tr ht; (2): thnh cng
- sort of = quite (adv): kh l, phn no
(cu 3 t di ln): Ti kh l gh tm s nnh ht ca anh ta
- ease (v): lm du
--> easy (adj): d dng --> easily (adv): mt cch d dng
* (trang 69)
- Cu 2: ch "over" (du hiu th g?)
- show up (v) = appear: xut hin
* (trang 70)
- cu 6: ch "today" (du hiu th g?)
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Unit 2

* (trang 71)
Ch cu 14:
"by the time + QK": trc mt thi im trong qu kh,
Khng phi lc no "by the time" cng i vi mt trng t ch thi gian th chng ta mi
xc nh thi gian c, "by the time + mnh ": th v ny ch thi gian. Xc nh
ng t c chia trong mnh ny th g xc nh thi gian m chia cho ng
v sau. --> Mt cu c 2 mnh khi chia th phi linh hot th ca mnh cn li.
Trong cu ny: trc mt thi im trong qu kh (trc khi anh ta n) --> v cn li
QKHT (b phim kt thc ri) --> b phim ht trc khi anh ta n.
Ch cu 15:
p n l HTHTTD --> nhn mnh tnh lin tc ca hnh ng, khong thi gian ca
hnh ng. (T khi anh ta n, anh ta ngi im lng trong mt gc). Cu ny chia th
HTHT vn ng, cho nn trong 4 p n khng c HTHT, (nh ni trong phn cc th
bi trc). Do dng tc gi mun nhn mnh hnh ng ngi im lng t lc n cho
n gi nn dng HTHTTD. Hai th ny khc nhau dng ngi ni, khng khc nhau
v du hiu, thi im. V vy khi c bi da vo cch chia th c th suy ra ca tc
gi.
* (trang 72)
- regularly (adv): u n
- throughout (prep): xuyn sut
- assignment (n): bi tp v nh, nhim v c giao
- take note: ghi ch
- effort (n): s n lc
--> make effort (v): n lc
* (trang 73)
- regarding = related to = concerning: lin quan n
- exceed = surpass (v): vt qu

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Unit 2

- guarantee (v): bo m
- In addition to + Ving/N): Thm vo , ngoi ra (t ny d nhm ln v thy to -->
chn V0 l sai)
- consecutive (adj): lin tip
- receive (v): nhn (cu 7/trang 73): khng chia b ng i vi receive khi ch t l
ngi --> p n B, khng chn A. Trong ting Vit "c nhn" l hp l, nhng khi
vit:
+ You received a schoolarship last semester, She received much attention from friends
Nhng cu ny mang ngha b ng mc d c vit di dng ch ng
Lu : cc ng t trong ting Anh c chia thnh 2 loi: ngoi ng t (transitive
verb) v ni ng t (intransitive verb)
+ Ni ng t: l ng t din t hnh ng ni ti ca ngi ni hay ngi, ch th
thc hin hnh ng. Hnh ng ca ngi hay ch th (Subject) khng tc ng trc
tip ln bt k i tng (Object) no. Ni cch khc ni ng t khng c hoc khng
cn b ng trc tip (Direct Object) to thnh 1 cu c ngha. Ni ng t thng l
nhng ng t ch hnh ng nh: arrive, go, lie, sneeze, sit, die, run, happen, occur,
exist, take place, become..Cc ni ng t khng th chuyn sang b ng c.
+ Ngoi ng t: l cc ng t c hnh ng v gy ra hoc tc ng n ch th
khc. Trong cu ngoi ng t khng i mt mnh m phi i km theo mt b ng trc
tip thnh mt cu c ngha. V d: sign (a contract), cancel (a meeting), make (an
appointment),..
i a s cc ngoi ng t c th chuyn c sang b ng, nhng c mt s ngoi
ng t c tn ng trc tip nhng khng chuyn c sang b ng l nhng ng t
khng c dng b ng. (receive)
S phn bit ngoi ng t v ni ng t cng ch mang tnh tng i, c nhng
ng t l ni t ng cnh ny nhng l ngoi t ng cnh khc.
Tm li:
- Ni ng t: l t khng cn tn ng (hay cn gi l b ng/tc t) --> khng chia
b ng

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Unit 2

- Ngoi ng t: l t i hi tn ng --> c chuyn sang b ng (ngoi tr

receive)
- unfortunately (adv): khng may thay --> fortunately (adv): may mn thay
- even though = though = despite the fact that + mnh : mc d
- In spite of = despite + Ving/N: mc d
Ch :khng c despite of
* (trang 74)
- decision (n): quyt nh
- make decision (v): ra quyt nh (xem li n lc, ng t v danh t phn trn)
- facilities (n): c s vt cht (t ny hay xut hin trong cc bi ni v cc tour du lch
vo "vin bo tng", hoc "ta nh lch s" no , du khch s tham quan "facilities"
trong cc ni ny)
- current (adj): hin ti. Trong cu 11 khng chn "now students" v "now" l trng t
(adv) khng th b ngha cho danh t: students, current l tnh t (adj) --> b ngha cho
students.
- financial aid (n): s h tr ti chnh (l n --> trc t ny l adj, khng phi adv)
* (trang 75)
- inform = notify (v): thng bo
- cheat (v): gian ln, la gt
- tolerate (v): tha th -- cheating will not be tolerated
- during + 1 thi k (a meeting, a test), khng i vi s m --> during 2 weeks -->
Sai
- suspension (n): s nh ch
--> a two-day suspension: hai ngy nh ch. (two-day: adj)
khng vit: a two-days suspension

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Unit 2

Tng t:
- The boy is 7 years old
- He is a 7-year-old boy
--> S m tr thnh tnh t (b ngha cho danh t): gch ni, b "s"
* (trang 76)
- deadline (n): hn cht
- reject (v): loi ra
- aspect (n): kha cnh
- submit (v): np
trong on ny c cm "make sure to" hc ri, tng ng vi cm no?
* (trang 77)
- be about to V0: sp sa
- opening ceremony (n): l khai mc, khai trng, khnh thnh
- guest speaker (n): khch mi ni chuyn,
thng gp keynote speaker: nhng khch mi ni chuyn chnh/ch yu
- dismiss = fire (v): sa thi, gii tn
--> fire (n): tin pht
- former students (n): hc sinh c, hc sinh trc kia. Hc sinh hin ti l g? ( nu
pha trn, xem li)
* (trang 78)
- make money = earn money (v): kim tin
- increase = accelerate (v): nu bi 1
- decrease = reduce (v): nu bi 1
--> Khi thy 4 t ny trong bi thi, c th xut hin cc t sau:
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Unit 2

- significantly/substantially/considerably/dramatically: mt cch ng k
- campaign (n): chin dch
- release (v): tung ra, phng thch (thng xut hin dng b ng)
- definitely (adv): hon ton, tuyt i
- wage (n): lng (theo tun, ngy, gi,nm, --> khng phi theo thng)
- salary (n): lng (theo thng)
- make a difference (v): lm nn s khc bit

Page 15

Unit 3

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 03]

1. Ng php (trang 24)

a. V0:
- Help + O+ V0; Help + V0 : gip ai lm g, gip lm g
- Make + O + V0: buc ai lm g
- Let + O+ V0: ai lm g
- Had better + V0: nn lm g
- Would rather + V0 + Than + V0: thch lm vic ny hn vic kia
--> I would rather stay at home than go to the movie
--> so snh vi: Prefer + Ving + To + Ving: thch lm vic ny hn vic kia
-->I prefer staying at home to going to the movie
-cng thc nh v: (vi have v get)
+ Have + Ngi + V0
+ Have + Vt + V3/ed (by O)
-->I have Mary clean my house
-->I have my hose cleaned by Mary.
so snh vi:
+ Get + Ngi + To V0
+ Get + Vt + V3/ed (by O)

b. To V0:
- Cng thc khuyn bo ngh
Ask, Tell, Request, Advise + O + to V0: khuyn bo ai lm g
--> My father advises me to study English

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Unit 3

- Be + adj + to V0 --> It is easy to study English

- It takes + O + 1 khong thi gian + To V0: ai mt bao lu lm g
--> It takes me 10 years to study English

c. Ving:
- Ving ng sau gii t:
On, In, At + Ving
- Ving ng sau lin t:
After, When, While + Ving
- Sau cc t di y:
Admit: Tha nhn
Begin: Bt u

Avoid:

Trnh

Consider: Xem xt

Appreciate: Cm kch
Enjoy:

Thch

Delay = Postpone: Tr hon

Deny:

T chi

Recall = Recollect:Gi nh

Escape: Thot khi

Finish: Hon tt

Mention: cp

Mind:

Prefer: Thch hn

Miss: B l

Resent: Bc tc

Resist:

Practise: Luyn tp

Phin toi Report: Bo co

Chng li Quit:

Resume = Continue = Keep: Tip tc

Suggest: Khuyn bo
Thot
Risk: Liu lnh

- quen vi vic g:
Be Accustomed To = Be Familiar with= Be used to = Get used to + Ving
so snh vi cng thc tng: used to V0: thi quen trong qu kh
- Look forward to + Ving: trng mong, mong i (kt thc email c xut hin t ny) -> I look forward to hearing from you

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Unit 3

- Cant stand = Cant help = Cant bear + Ving: khng th nhn c, khng th
chu ng c
--> I cant stand laughing whenever I see him
- Cant face + Ving: khng th i mt
- Its no use + Ving: chng ch g
- Its worth = Be deserved + Ving: ng lm g
- Feel like + Ving: mun lm g
- Be busy + Ving: bn lm g
- gp kh khn khi lm g:
+ Have difficulty = Have a difficult time + Ving
+ Have trouble + Ving
- Vt + Need +Ving (vt ny cn c lm g: ngha b ng)
--> My home needs cleaning
- Spend + 1 khong thi gian + Ving: tri qua bao lu lm g
- Would you please + V0: Bn vui lng lm g...
- Would you like + To V0: Mi mc (bn c mun...)
- Would you mind + Ving: Cm phin bn...

* Mt s ng t c th theo sau l To V0 hoc Ving:

- Stop + To V0: dng li lm g -->I stop to eat sth
- Stop + Ving: dng hn vic ang lm --> I stop smoking
- Try + To V0: c gng lm g --> I try to pass the exam
- Try + Ving: th --> I try smoking
- Like + To V0: mun lm g (nht thi)-->I hungry, I like to eat sth
- Like + Ving: s thch lu di --> I like watching Tv
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Unit 3

*Ch : i vi t:
- REMEMBER/ FORGET/ REGRET + To V0: vic cha xy ra hoc mt nhim v
phi lm
--> Remember to lock the door.
- REMEMBER/ FORGET/ REGRET + Ving: Mt vic xy ra trong qu kh (c
trng t ch qu kh, hnh ng r rng)
--> I remember locking the door yesterday

*ng t nhn thc tri gic:

- Look, feel, see, hear, watch,..+ O + To V0: thy ton b hnh ng ( hon tt) --> I
saw her come in
- Look, feel, see, hear, watch,..+ O + Ving: thy mt phn hnh ng (ang xy ra) -->
Can you smell sth burning

*Cc t khuyn bo ngh ( nu mc "b. To Vo", xem li)

+ Allow, permit, recommend, suggest, advise + O + To V0
+ Allow, permit, recommend, suggest, advise + Ving
--> My father suggests me to study English
--> My father suggests studying English
--> "khuyn bo ngh: c O --> to V0, khng O--> Ving"
* start, begin, continue: c th dng c To V0 hoc Ving
* Nhng ng t khng nm trong phn V0 v Ving th chn to V

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* (trang 25)
- for O to V0: cho ai lm g (cu 2 Phn A)
- protect (v): bo v
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Unit 3

- install (v): ci t
- ask sb for sth: hi xin ai ci g
Ch cu 1 phn C "make every possible effort": cu trc ny hc ri
- best (v): nh bi
Cu 2 phn C: nhn cu hi: ask (khng nm trong mc V0, cng ko nm trong mc
Ving nh nu trn --> To V0 --> To resign: t chc)
--> When asked to resign his position, the manager reacted badly.
=> When the manager was asked to resign his position, the manager reacted badly. (Khi
b yu cu t chc, ng qun l phn ng rt ti t)
(Hai mnh cng ch t, rt gn bt mt ch t --> cn li V3 (b ng) hoc Ving
(ch ng), trong cu ny l b ng --asked)
Cu 3 phn C: cu trc hc ri "be about to V0" ngha l g? so snh vi cu 3 phn
A --> I'm sorry about...
c th chn To V0 (to hurt) c hay khng?--> khng, "Ti xin li v vic lm tn
thng cm gic ca h" --> chn Ving (hurting), trong trng hp ny about l gii t,
m sau gii t --> Ving (ng php phn trn)
--> ty theo ng cnh m p dng cng thc cho ng
* (trang 87)
- cu 12 object to = oppose to + Ving/N: phn i
- subject to + Ving/N: phi chu, chp nhn
- cu 13: It + be + adj + that + S + V0 (cho tt c cc ngi)
- S + recommend/suggest/advise + (that) + S +V0 (cho tt c cc ngi)
Her father suggests that she study english.
Cu trc ny ngm hiu l "she should study english" m sau "should" l V0 (nguyn
mu) cho tt c cc ngi

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Unit 3

Yu cu: So snh vi cu trc khuyn bo ngh trong bi trc m mnh nu! V

sao sau cc t ny lc th V0 cho tt c cc ngi, lc th To V0, lc li Ving? Cc cng
thc ny c g khc bit?
* (trang 89)
- be aware of: hc ri (khng nh --> xem li bi c)
- valuables (n): ti sn, vt c gi tr
- valuable (adj): c gi tr
- keep an eye on so/sth: mt n, canh chng
- vital = essential (adj): cn thit
- separately (adv): ring bit
- damage (v): thit hi
- identify (v): nhn dng
* (trang 90)
- make saving: tit kim (xem li cc t vi make: n lc, ra quyt nh, kim tin, sp
xp cuc hn ... cc bi trc)
- merchandise (n): hng ha
- specialist = expert (n): chuyn gia
- bargain (v): mc c, tr gi; (n): mn hi
- phn bit "for" v "in":
+ for 2 months: trong 2 thng
--> The meeting lasts for 2 hours (lin tc trong 2 ting)
+ in 2 months: trong 2 thng na (du hiu th tng lai n)
--> The meeting will begin in 2 hours (2 ting na s bt u)

Page 21

Unit 3

* (trang 91)
- approximately (adv): xp x, khong
- feature (v): c
- feature (n): tnh nng
- featured (adj): ni bt
- for further information = for more information: bit thm thng tin
- agent = representative (n): ngi i din
* (trang 92)
- indeed: tht vy = in fact.
indeed hay ng gia cu, in fact hay ng u cu
- efficient (adj): hiu qu
- appliance (n): thit b in
- expose (v): phi by ra
- problem free: khng c vn g
--> sugar free: khng c ng (xut hin trn cc nhn n king)
--> N + free: ph nh danh t
--> wifi free: khng c wifi ch khng phi wifi min ph u nh!
--> free wifi: wifi min ph
- hesitate (v): do d, chn ch
* (trang 93)
- senior citizens (n): cng dn ln tui
* cu trc " If...or not" = "whether...or not": liu c hay khng
- I don't care if he comes or not: Ti khng quan tm liu anh ta c n hay khng
=> I don't care if he comes
Page 22

Unit 3

- I don't care whether he comes or not

=> I don't care whether or not he comes
- I don't care if or not he comes
=> whether or not ng lin k nhau c, khng c if or not ng k nhau
* (trang 94)
- inquiry (n): th yu cu v thng tin
- appologize for + Ving/N: xin li v
- I'm pleased to: (cu trc ny hc ri)
- cut down on Ving/N: ct gim
* (trang 95)
- utilities (n): tin ch (bi no c lin quan n in, nc, gas --> utilities)
Gii p phn "Yu cu" phn ng php pha trn:
Theo sau cc t khuyn bo ngh (recommend, suggest, advise,..) l
+Ving: khi khng c tc t
+ To V0: khi c tc t
+ V0 cho tt c cc ngi: khi c ch t
--> Her father suggests studying English
--> Her father suggests her to study Engish

(her: tc t)

--> Her father suggests (that) she study English

(she: ch t)

Page 23

Unit 4

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 04]

1. Ng php *trang 26 (participles: phn t v participle clause: mnh
phn t)
a. participles: Phn ng t (phn t) l t do ng t to ra v n c c tnh nh
mt tnh t. Phn t gm 2 loi: Hin ti phn t v qu kh phn t.
- Hin ti phn t chnh l ng t thm ui -ing. Hin ti phn t cn c gi l
danh ng t, c thnh lp bng cch thm -ing vo sau ng t.
- Qu kh phn t c dng V-ed (i vi cc ng t c quy tc) v cc ng t nm
ct th 3 trong bng lit k cc ng t bt quy tc.
--> v mang tnh cht l mt tnh t do cc phn t ny b ngha cho danh t v
ng trc danh t m n b ngha.
Trong bi thi Toeic:
+ nu cho danh t ch ngi --> chn phn t ui "ed"/ V3
+ nu cho danh t ch vt --> xt xem ch ng hay b ng:
* ch ng --> Ving: interesting films, interesting books (b phim hay quyn
sch ny t n tot ln s th v, khng ai lm cho n th v --> ch ng)
* B ng --> V3 /ed: polluted water (nc khng t mnh nhim m b
nhim --> b ng)
Cc dng ca phn t:
ACTIVE (Ch ng)
a/ PRESENT .....
Writing
b/ PAST .....
Writing
c/ PERFECT .....
having written
Mo: thy "having" ng u cu --> ngay sau n l V3/ed

PASSIVE (B ng)
being written
Written
having been written

b. participle clause:
- thng gp trong Toeic dng ny l rt gn khi mt cu c nhiu hn 1 mnh m
cc mnh ny cng ch t, v rt gn mnh quan h: ( bi trc mnh c
nhc n ri nhng cha c th)

Page 24

Unit 4

+ ch ng : Ving
VD:

- Leaving school, he has worked in a restaurant. (thi dng ny)

--> Since he left school, he has worked in a restaurant. (khng thi dng ny)
- The girl lending me this book is my best friend.
--> The girl who lent me this book is my best friend.
+ b ng : V3/ed

VD:

- Punished by the teacher, Tom felt very sad.

--> Tom was punished by the teacher so he felt very sad.

(Xem li cu "b yu cu t chc, ng qun l phn ng rt ti t" bi trc, ch t

"When")
- The boy given a schoolar ship was my son.
--> The boy who was given a schoolarship was my son.
--> Khi lm bi thi Toeic, i vi cu hi yu cu in phn t vo ch trng bn phi
xem ch t ca n u? l ngi hay vt? ch ng hay b ng? thi dng ny
l cu b rt gn, him khi no c cu cn i t quan h m li hi phn t.
Mo: khi trong 4 p n l cc dng ca t "locate" m trong cu l mt a im, mt
ta nh --> chn ngay "located" khng cn suy ngh. (V bn thn ta nh , a im
ta lc mt ni no l b ng)
Nu trong cu c "located" v p n l cc trng t --> c th xut hin
"conviniently" (ta lc mt cch thun tin)
Nu trong cu c "located" m p n l 4 gii t th loi sao cho cn li "in" v
"on".
- Located on a hill, the hotel commands a fine view.
Ta lc trn mt ngn i, khch sn s hu mt phong cnh p. (tng t nu ta lc
trn con ng --> dng "on")
- Located in the heart of the city, the hotel is a luxury hotel in the town.
Ta lc trong trung tm thnh ph,...
Page 25

Unit 4

* Gii thch thm v "V0, V1, V2, V3"

Chuyn ghi ch V0, V1...l do gio vin ting Anh Vit Nam khi dy quy nh, ch
quc t khng ai ghi nh th ny.
V i vi cc gio vin khc nhau, chuyn quy nh V0 hay V1 l gio vin , cc
bn cn phn bit c. V hin gi V2 v V3 t c ai thc mc nhng V0 v V1 li rt
nhp nhng. Trong cc bi ca mnh, mnh quy nh nh sau:
- V0: "Bare infinitives": ng t nguyn mu khng chia, v khng "to",
--> "To V0": To infinitives: ng t nguyn mu khng chia v c "to"
--> khng chia y ngha l d ch ng ngi no th cc V ny cng dng nguyn
mu.
I would rather stay at home than go to the movie (nguyn mu khng "to")
She would rather stay at home than go to the movie (nguyn mu khng "to")
It takes me 10 years to study English (nguyn mu c "to")
bi trc mnh ni v "V0, To V0" l ni v cc ng t nguyn mu khng "to" v c
"to" ny, n nguyn mu v khng c chuyn thm s/es hay "ed" g ht. Hy nh: ni
l "nguyn mu" th "khng chia". V tr cc ng t ny xut hin trong cu nh th no
th cc bn vui lng xem li bi "V0, To V0 v Ving"
- V1: l ng t th hin ti, chia theo ch t, nu ch t s t hoc thuc ngi th 3 s
t (He, She, It) th thm s/es v sau ng t. Ngc li (ch t s nhiu, hoc ngi th
nht, th hai v th 3 s nhiu: I, You, We, They,) th nguyn V.
-I go to shool by bus everyday. (nhn thy "go" y l V1, khng phi V0, v
"go" ny chia theo ch t "I", do n khng phi l nguyn mu m "b chia")
- She goes to shool by bus everyday. (tng t nh vy, "goes" l V1, chia theo
ch t, do ch t thuc ngi th 3 s t nn ng t phi thm "s" hoc "es")
L do c s nhm ln V0 v V1 na l do trong bng ng t bt quy tc, ct th 1 l
ng t nguyn mu nn ngi ta quy nh l V1: V nguyn mu. Cc bn cn nh bn
cht ca n v theo mi gio vin m nhn ra n.
- V2: ng t th qu kh ( past tense), thm "ed" vo sau ng t c quy tc, hoc
nm ct 2 i vi ng t bt quy tc
Page 26

Unit 4

--> I went to shool by car yesterday

- V3: Qu kh phn t (past participle), thm "ed" vo sau ng t c quy tc, hoc
nm ct 3 i vi ng t bt quy tc
--> He has just gone out
=> Nh vy xt 1 ng t "go" ta c:
+ V0: go
+ To V0: to go
+ V1: go/goes
+ V2: went
+ V3: gone
Xt ng t "to be" cc bn s thy r:
+ V0: be
+ To V0: to be
+ V1: am/is/are
+ V2: was/were
+ V3: been
Nu cc bn c bng ng t bt quy tc theo quy nh ca mnh th th t cc ct s l:
V0, V2, V3

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* (trang 27)
- Cu 3 phn A: 4 p n l cc dng ca feel, nhn thy cu ny c 2 mnh (du hiu
l: du phy v 2 ng t: feel, decide), mnh u tin khng c ch t --> b rt
gn --> ly ch t mnh th 2 "he" ghp vi ng t "feel" 4 p n xem ch ng
hay b ng? Anh ta cm thy mt, hay anh ta b cm thy mt?--> ch ng --> Ving

Page 27

Unit 4

- Cu 4 phn A: suy lun tng t cu 3, cu c du phu, c 2 ng t "appear, see", ly

ch t mnh y "the painting" ghp vi "see" --> bc tranh c nhn thy t
xa, hay bc tranh t nhn thy t xa? --> b ng --> V3
- highlight "located" ( nu trn)
- variety of: a dng (vit "of" ngay sau "variety" p n C cu 2 phn C nh cm
ny)
- retail sales: bn l
- whole sales: bn s
* trang 101
- Cu 1 "require" cng l mt ng t thuc cng thc "khuyn bo, ngh" v
trong cu ny v sau l b ng
S + recommend/suggest/...require + that + S + V (ng t ny nh th no? xem
li)
- Cu 2: c xut hin cm t "sp sa" l g?
- Cu 5: cng thc nh v, hc ri, t xem li
* trang 102
- Cu 7: nhc li ng t "make: buc ai lm g" bi trc
make + O + V0: buc ai lm g. My mother make me clean my house
make + O + adj: lm cho ai...
He makes me happy
make + O + N: bin ci ny thnh ci kia. He makes his dream a reality
make + O + V3: (ngha b ng). He makes himself understood
* trang 103
- cu 12: ch tnh t cho vt dng b ng hay ch ng? khng phi lc no tnh t
cho vt cng l Ving, bi va ri mnh gii thch k
- cu 13: ch t "make" va c nu pha trn
- hc thuc c cm "Don't leave your bags unattended": ng ri b ti xch ca bn
m khng c ch n. Thuc dng vn phong, i tu xe s c cu ny.

Page 28

Unit 4

* trang 104
- cc t tng gim (increse,reduce) pha sau l s % th chn gii t "by"
- especially (adv): c bit l, nht l
- in turn: ln lt (i vi 2 bn): We cook in turn (ln lt ch c 2 ngi)
- in turns: ln lt (i vi nhiu bn): We cook in turns (lun phin t 3 ngi tr ln)
(VD: chung nh tr nhiu ngi, phn cng ra ln lt nu n cho nhau...)
* trang 105
- C xut hin "whether" cu u tin, xem li cu trc ny.
- phn bit "job" v "career"
+ job: mt cng vic (ngha hp)
+ career: mt cng vic hoc mt s nghip (ngha rng hn)
* trang 106
- come to mind: i su vo tm tr, tim thc
- famous for: ni ting v
* trang 107
- describe (v): m t
- based on: da trn, da vo. "based on" c rt gn dng b ng nn trong
bt k vn bn no cng c "ed". Xem li bi phn t rt gn 2 mnh cng ch t.
Khi c vn bn no hy ch nu xut hin t ny, kim tra xem c "ed" sau ch "base"
khng!
* trang 108
- monitor (v,n): qun l, gim st, lp trng
- distraction (n): s xao lng
* trang 109
- compile (v): thu thp, tp hp
- genre (n): th, loi
- leading (adj): hng u: leading company (hc t ny mnh nh n slogan ca
Toshiba: "leading innovation", tra google th xem nh!) (trong bi thi khi gp t ny m
pha sau l N v cc nh sn xut, cng ty th chn ngay khng suy ngh)

Page 29

Unit 4

- come up with (v): a ra, i n kt lun. T ny xut hin trong ng cnh hi hp,
hoc lm d n no m cui cng cn phi a ra quyt nh, gii php, kt qu cui
cng.
- award = reward (v,n): gii thng, tng thng
Phn bit award v reward:
c hai t Reward v Award u c th c dng nh mt ng t hoc mt danh t
A reward phn thng, tin thng - c trao tng cho ai v lm vic g tt.
Chng hn do lm vic rt chm ch, tch cc, hay t c ch tiu, t im tt trong
k thi hay cng c th do tm c ci g m ai nh mt.
An award c tng cho ai lm vic g tt nhng thng l c tnh cht trnh
trng hn v c trao tng chng minh cho nhng ngi khc thy l ngi kia
lm tt.
An award phn thng, gii thng thng l chng ch, huy chng, cp / tng.
Thng th an award c trao tng trc nhiu ngi trong khi a reward thng
ch l gia ngi trao v ngi nhn.
V d cc gii thng: Grammy Awards: gii thng m nhc danh gi ny chc ai cng
bit (ko bit hi google nh!), Zing music award (gii thng m nhc ca Vit Nam).
* trang 110
- confirm (v): xc nhn
--> ch cch m u email "This is (just a quick note) to confirm that..." cu trc "This
is to V0" rt thng dng m u email
- pick sb up: n ai --> pick you up: n bn, khng c ni "pick up you"
- my/your/his/her/our...(tnh t s hu) + own: ca ring ai
v d thi: .....own
a. they
b.their
c. them
d. theirs
--> chn ngay their own khng cn suy ngh.
- attend (v): tham d
- attendance (n): s tham d
-> check attendance: im danh
- attendant(n): ngi phc v, tip vin
-> flight attendant: tip vin hng khng
- attendee (n): ngi tham d

Page 30

Unit 5

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 05]

1. Ng php (ph nh v cng thc song song) * trang 28
a. Ph nh vi "no" v "not"
NO + N ( "no" ng vai tr tnh t (adj) b ngha cho danh t)
--> no time, no choice
NOT + V/adj/adv ( "not" ng vai tr trng t (adv) b ngha cho ng t, tnh t v
trng t)
--> not going, not busy, not likely

b. Ph nh vi tr ng t (auxiliary V): trong cu c tr ng t nu mun

ph nh th thm "not" vo sau tr t, nu cha c tr t th "mn" tr t "DO" (nh
chia "DO" ny theo ch t hoc theo th ca cu) v thm "not" v sau tr t. Nh mn
tr t ri, chia th trn tr t ri th V chnh phi tr v "nguyn mu"
- He will arrive today
--> He will not arrive today
- She knows him
--> She does not know him
- I went to school by bus yesterday
--> I did not go to school by bus yesterday
=> Khi mn tr t, chia th hay chia s t s nhiu g cng trn tr t, v chia ri nn
V chnh phi "nguyn mu" khng chia lung tung. (Mn tr t ra " n" cho t
chnh --> sau tr t lun l V nguyn mu, xem li bi 1)

c. Ph nh vi V0, to V0, Ving, v cc mnh phn t c rt gn

V0 --> not V0
To V0 --> not to V0
Ving --> not Ving

Page 31

Unit 5

- He prefers taking the bus to work. (Anh ta thch bt xe bus i lm hn --> Anh ta
thch i lm bng xe bus hn)
(Cu ny ch ni thch ci g hn, khng ni thch ci ny hn ci kia nn ko c "Prefer
Ving to Ving" m ch c "prefer Ving")
--> He prefers not taking the bus to work.
Ch khng c mn "DO" y, v ch c mn tr t cho t chnh, khng
mn tr t cho V0, to V0, Ving
--> He does not prefer taking the bus to work
V chnh trong cu ny l "prefer"
- My mother makes me clean my house
--> My mother makes me not clean my house. (M ti bt ti "khng lau nh")
(Ni cch ny khng hay, mnh ch v d ra nh vy, ngi ta ni "m ti khng bt ti
lau nh: My mother does not make me clean my house" th hay hn, ty ng cnh m s
dng, m ph nh ng t chnh hay cc ng t nguyn mu ny)
- In order not to fail the exam, you should work harder
- Not knowing what to do, he just stood still.

d. Khng c ph nh 2 ln
- She does not have no money (Sai)
--> She does not have any money. --> Thy any: du hiu ph nh
- Khng dng ph nh khi trong cu c cc t sau: hardly, seldom, scarcely, lest,
never, unless, v cc t ny mang ngha ph nh. Khi trong cu c ph nh
ri th khng chn cc p n c cc t ny, --> chn "any"

e. Cu trc song song:

Du hiu: and, as well as (cng nh ), either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also,
both...and
Cu trc song song dng khi lit k, so snh hay i chiu cc mc hay cc tng. Cc
mc phi ging nhau dng ng php (cng l noun, infinitive verb phrase,..)
Page 32

Unit 5

- He is not only an excellent student but also an outstanding athlete.

- Marry is beautiful as well as intelligent.
- She likes fishing, swimming, and surfing
Cu trc ny khng kh lm nn mnh ch yu tp trung vo du hiu nhn bit, trong
mt cu hi bn cn nhn ra du hiu bit n l "song song" --> pha trc nh th
no, pha sau nh th .
Xem thm ti y: http://anhthay.edu.vn/index.php/news/Tin-tuc/Cau-truc-song-song-5/

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 29
- Phn A cu 2: cu c 2 mnh , mnh 1 khng thy ch t --> xt xem c cng ch
t khng? Nu c --> b rt gn, rt gn vi th hon thnh, xt thy trong cu c
"finished" (V3) --> ch c th l "having V3" (xem li bi phn t), ph nh ca dng
ny --> Not having V3
- Phn A cu 4: "as well as": du hiu song song --> pha trc c keeping --> pha sau
doing
- Phn B, m u on vn c "would like to" tng t vi g? y c phi th qu kh
khng?
- maintenance (n): s bo tr --> maintenance department: b phn bo tr, phng bo
tr
- appliance: ???
- before = prior to + Ving: trc khi --> before leaving = prior to leaving (d nhm ln
ch thy prior to -> chn V nguyn mu --> SAI)
- fine (n): tin pht (b pht m phi "fine"!!!)
- fare (n): tin v
- expertise (n): chuyn mn (ch pht m t ny, tra t in)--> chuyn gia l g?
- expire (v): ht hn --> expiration (n): s ht hn

Page 33

Unit 5

- warranty (n): bo hnh

--> Mua in t (v mt s hng khc) th thng s c warranty (6 thng, 1 nm, 2
nm,...), ht thi hn th warranty b expire. Hy ch cc phiu bo hnh s c 2 t
ny. Trn mt s mt hng c hn s dng cng c xut hin ch "EXP date": ngy ht
hn s dng. C gng lin tng v kim chng trong i sng, phn no s gip nh t
vng lu!
- seek (v): tm kim
- compensation (n): s bi thng
--> tm kim s bi thng: seek compensation
- breach (v): ph v (lut, hoc hp ng). Trong ng cnh c "lut" hoc "hp ng"
ch xem c t "breach" khng!
* trang 117
- Cu 3: ch phn ng php cu hi ui.
Phn ng php ny him thy xut hin trong part 5 nhng li rt hay xut hin trong part
2 (phn nghe). Mnh c 2 ch ngn gn v phn ny nh sau:
i vi cu hi ui pha trc ph nh --> pha sau khng nh v ngc li
v phi cng th.
- You are a student, arent you?
- You are not a student, are you?
Cu tr li cho cu hi ui: (y l phn quan trng).
- You are a student, arent you? --Bn l sinh vin, phi khng?
--> Yes, I am --Phi (ti l sinh vin)
--> No I'm not -- Khng phi (ti khng phi sv)
- You are not a student, are you? --Bn khng phi l sinh vin, phi khng?
--> Yes, I am -- Yes, I am --Phi (ti l sinh vin)
--> No I'm not -- Khng phi (ti khng phi sv)

Page 34

Unit 5

Nhn k 2 cu hi, mc d v tr ph nh t khc nhau nhng chuyn tr li Yes/No l

hon ton ging nhau. Ch i vi cu hi ui, tr li YES hay NO l da vo bn
cht ca s vic, ch khng phi da vo ph nh. Theo cu trn, bn cht ngi mun
hi l "l sv hay khng?" Nu phi --> tr li YES, nu khng --> tr li NO. YES l
khng nh s vic ch khng phi khng nh li cu hi, NO l ph nh s vic ch
khng phi ph nh li cu hi. V vy khi nghe cu hi ui, phi ch s vic s vt,
khng cn quan tm h ph nh pha trc hay pha sau.
Xem thm ti:
http://oxford.edu.vn/goc-tieng-anh/hoc-tieng-anh-cung-oxford/ngu-phap-tieng-anh-cauhoi-duoi-tag-question-641.html
- Phn cu tr li cho cu hi ui ny cng ging vi tr li cho cu hi dng ph nh.
Cu hi dng ph nh l cu hi c "not" sau tr ng t, v d: Dont you like?
Hasnt it.?,...--> tr li da vo s vt hin tng.
- Xem cu 6 *trang 118
Didn't you pass the exam? --> Bn khng vt qua bi kim tra phi khng?
No, I did not.--> Khng, ti khng qua (Ti rt ri)
Ch khng phi thy ph nh li cu hi th hiu theo "khng, ti khng phi khng qua,
ti qua ri" l SAI. Phi xt bn cht s vic "qua hay khng qua" --> qua th Yes, rt th
No.
=>Trn y l phn ng php ng dng cho phn nghe part 2, khi nghe cc loi cu hi
ny nn ch cc p n YES/NO trnh hiu lm m chn sai. Trong phn c hiu
t lc luyn thi n gi mnh cha thy xut hin cc cu hi dng ny.
- Cu 11: trong cu c "nor", trong 4 p n c "neither" --> du hiu song song (trc
th no sau th y), nhn thy sau "nor" l N --> neither N nor N.
*trang 119
p dng cc kin thc v cu trc song song lm bi tp trang ny.
*trang 120
- to file = submit (v): np
- apply to: Np cho ai, b phn no, phng no (apply to accounting office)
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Unit 5

- apply for: np vo v tr no (apply for accountant)

- anticipate (v): mong i (ng ngha vi t no?)
- response (n): s phn hi
- respond (v): phn hi
*trang 121
- impress (v): n tng
- ch cu 7 trang ny c cm t hc ri
*trang 122
- It has come to our attention...= It has been brought to our attention: Chng ti
thy rng...
- every + khong thi gian: ch s lun phin, every 2 years: mi 2 nm 1 ln.
*trang 123
- no longer: khng cn na
--> She no longer teaches at this school
--> She doesn't teach at this school any longer/ any more
=> "no longer" dng trong cu khng nh. Thy trong cu c ph nh th
khng chn "no longer" na.
- coupon (n): phiu khuyn mi
*trang 124
- highlight li t "khng cn na" trong on ny, kim tra xem cu c phi l khng
nh khng.
- official (adj): chnh thc (t ny hay xut hin trong tn cc video trn youtube)
- exception (n): s ngoi l
--> no exception: khng c s ngoi l
- discriminate (v): phn bit i x
Page 36

Unit 5

- supervisor (n): ngi gim st

*trang 125
- procedure (n): th tc
- highlight cu trc "keep + O + V3"
- keep up with: bt kp
- get involved in: tham gia vo
*trang 126
- survey (v,n): kho st
- majority of: phn ln
- at least: t nht
*trang 127
- be likely to V0: rt c th
--> Our team is likely to win

Page 37

Unit 6

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 06]

1. Ng php (so snh, trang 30)
a. So snh bng: As + adj/ adv / N + As
- He is as tall as his father. (adj)
- I have as many/few friends as you. (N m c)
- I have as much money as you. (N khng m c)

b. So snh hn: "er" v "than" (ch c 2 ci, so snh hn: ci ny HN ci

kia trong 2 ci) (so snh khng bng)
- adj/adv (ngn)+ er + than -->Tom is taller than Peter.
- more + adj/adv (di) + than --> He speaks Spanish more fluently than I do.

c. So snh km: less + adj/adv/ N+ than (ci ny KM ci kia trong 2 ci)

(so snh khng bng)
- He is less clever than his brother.
- He has less money than ever.
--> i vi so snh km khng cn xc nh tnh t, trng t di hay ngn, c "km hn"
l "less... than"
* So snh hn/km c th c nhn mnh bng cch thm "much/far/a lot/even" hoc
gim nh bng cch thm "a bit/a little/slightly" trc hnh thc so snh.
- Tom is much/far taller than Peter.
- Mary is much/far more beautiful than Daisy
** So snh hn/km --> phi c "than", thy "than" --> du hiu so snh hn/km.

d. So snh kp:
- So snh ng tin: (cng...cng...)

The + so snh hn + SV, the + so snh hn+ SV

Page 38

Unit 6

(SV: ch ng (S)+ ng t (V))

ch :so snh hn y khng c "than"
--> The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel.
--> The sooner you leave, the earlier you will arrive at your destination.
--> The more candidates there were, the more difficult the exam was.

The more + SV +, the + so snh hn+ SV

--> The more you pay, the better the quality is.
- So snh ly tin: (cng ngy cng)

+ Adj/adv (ngn): adj/adv + er + and + adj/adv + er

--> Betty is younger and younger (Betty cng ngy cng tr ra)

+ Adj/adv (di): more and more + adj/adv

--> She becomes more and more beautiful.

e. So snh nht: ("the" v "est", t 3 ci tr ln)

+ Adj/adv (ngn): the + adj/adv + est
--> John is the tallest boy in the family.

+ Adj/adv (di): the most/least + adj/adv + est

--> She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen.
Ch :t vo khong xc nh phi c "the"
John is the tallest boy in the family. (Khong xc nh l "in the family")
Mary is the shortest of the three sisters. (Khong xc nh " three sisters")
-->John l ngi cao nht trong gia nh --> Anh ta ch cao nht trong gia nh anh ta thi
--> ch xc nh trong phm vi gia nh anh ta --> c mo t "the".
--> Mary thp nht trong 3 ch em. C y thp trong 3 ch em ca c y --> trong phm vi
3 ngi thi --> c mo t "the"
Page 39

Unit 6

* Of the three students, Tom is...

a.Taller

b.Tallest

c.The taller d.The tallest

--> Nhn thy: trong 3 sinh vin (3 ci tr ln --> so snh nht, trong phm vi 3 sv,
c xc nh: "the tallest")
Trong 3 sinh vin, Tom l ngi cao nht.
* Of the two students, Tom is
a.Taller

b.Tallest

c.The taller d.The tallest

--> Nhn thy: trong 2 ci --> khng th so snh nht m dng so snh hn (2 ci khng
th ni ci ny nht ci kia m ni ci ny hn/km ci kia), nhng xt thy trong phm
vi 2 sinh vin --> mang tnh xc nh --> c mo t "the" --> "the taller"
Trong hai sinh vin, Tom l ngi cao hn.
* Between them Tom is the taller.
=> Nh vy, khi so snh c a vo "khong xc nh" th phi c mo t "the".
So snh nht lun c "the" v n phi "nht" trong iu kin no , nhng so snh
hn m c "the" th ch khi n c "xc nh" (of the two.., between them).
V tnh cht, cch dng ca mo t "the" (Definite Article: Mo t xc nh) nu
qun, mi cc bn xem thm ti cc link sau:
https://www.hellochao.vn/ngu-phap-tieng-anh/bai-1-mao-tu-xac-dinh-definitearticle/?aid=45c40cce2e2d71bd1~111c51c7c693MO
- https://www.facebook.com/tomatoenglishcenter/posts/405268896213716

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 31
- Cu 2 phn A: superior to = better than
- insurance (n): bo him
- cover (v): bo him/ bao ph
--> cp insurance <=> cover thng cng xut hin trong ch bo him
Page 40

Unit 6

- coverage (n): phm vi bo him/vic a tin

--> cp news <=> coverage thng cng xut hin trong ch tin tc
- discontinue (v): ngng, ngng hot ng
- upon request: theo yu cu
Cc t "c hiu lc": (cu 2 phn C)
take effect - come into effect - be in effect - be effective - become effective
- pay attention to: ch (ch ng)
--> attention must be paid (b ng) (cu 3 phn C)
- Cu 4 phn C: Prior to =???
* trang 133
- pay increase (n): mc tng lng (y l cm danh t, ch khi lm bi tp t loi)
* trang 134
- accurate (adj): ng, chnh xc
--> accurately (adv): mt cch chnh xc, ng n
- ch cu 8 "Between them"
- cu 9, chn "honestly" (adv) v n b ngha cho express (v), trong cu ny c "try to
V0" --> hy nh li khi no dng "try + Ving"
* trang 135
- cu 14: novice reporter: phng vin hc vic (Anh y khng cn l phng vin hc vic
ba) --> chn "any longer". C th dng "no longer" ti v tr b trng trong cu ny
c khng? V sao? (phn ng php ny c hc ri)
- cu 15, t "twice" trc hnh thc so snh bng --> nhn mnh "gp i"
--> twice as...as: twice as large as: ln gp i
* trang 136
- highlight cm "ng ri b ti xch ca bn m khng c ch n"
Page 41

Unit 6

- wait in line: xp hng (thng gp trong phn nghe)

- boarding pass (n): th ln tu, my bay
- board (v): ln tu, my bay (trong part 1 thng gp t ny)
- cu 2: recommend + Ving khi no? xem li cch s dng cc t khuyn bo ngh
ny trong bi "V0, To V0, Ving"
- It + be + adj + V (V ny nh th no???)
-->It is advisable ....: Chng ti khuyn rng
- lost and found area: khu vc hnh l b tht lc
* trang 137
- miss out (v): b l
- highlight li t "nh km, km theo"
- reservation (n): vic t ch trc
--> make a reservation (v): t ch trc
- cu 6: ch located vi gii t hc ri (ta lc "trong" v ta lc "trn")
- highlight li t "ngi i din"
* trang 138
- set out (v): khi hnh
* trang 139
- highlight li t "ln tu/ my bay"
* trang 140
- suffer from (v): chu ng 1 ci g
- exhibit (v,n): trng by, trin lm, s trng by
--> exhibition (n): bui trin lm = exposition (vit tt l expo. V d: trin lm ASUS
EXPO 2014, Vietnam Foodexpo 2015: Trin lm Quc t Cng nghip thc phm Vit
Nam 2015,...--> i xem trin lm nh t "expo")
Page 42

Unit 6

- highlight t "xuyn sut", "tng thng"

- injure (v): tn thng, b thng
- In addition to + Ving/N: thm vo
* trang 141
- affordable (adj): hp l, phi chng
--> affordable price: gi hp l
- rate (n)= price: gi c (trong ngnh dch v rate = price)
--> regular rate = regular price: gi thng thng
- sculpture (n): iu khc
- release (v): tung ra, gii ta, phng thch
- latest release (n): sn phm mi tung ra th trng (mi nht: latest)
(late: tr --> latest: tr nht, sn phm m tung ra tr nht--> mi nht)
- highlight li cm "t ch trc"
- offer (v): cung cp
* trang 142
- disappoint (v): tht vng
- admission fee (n): ph vo cng

Page 43

Unit 7

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 07]

1. Ng php (s ph hp gia ch ng v ng t)
a. Hai ch ng lin kt vi nhau bng "and" --> ng t s nhiu.
- Helen and Dorothy are here.
- Helen v Dorothy y.
Lu :
Nu hai ch ng tuy ni vi nhau bng "and" nhng c xem l mt th ng t
theo sau s t.
- The president and CEO is Mr. Smith.
Ch tch (Hi ng qun tr) kim gim c iu hnh l ng Smith.
"Each" v "every" ng trc nhng ch ng s t lin kt vi nhau bng "and"
--> ng t s t.
- Each boy and girl in the room gets only one vote.
Mi c cu trong phng ny ch c duy nht mt phiu bu.
- Nearly every teacher and student in this school is opposed to the

new rule.

Hu nh mi gio vin v sinh vin trng ny u chng li quy nh mi.

b. Khi ch ng l nhng danh t lin kt vi nhau bng or/ nor/ but hay cc cp lin
t nh neither... nor, either... or, not only... but also th ng t phi ph
hp vi ch ng no gn nht.
- Her car or Helens is always available. (1)
Xe ca c y hoc xe ca Helen lun lun sn sng.
- Not only the students but also the professor is going to attend. (2)
Khng ch sinh vin m c v gio s cng s tham d.
Vi cu c nhiu ch ng nhng u l s t nh th d (1) th khng c vn g, nhng
khi gp ch ng s t lin kt vi ch ng s nhiu (hoc ngc li) nh trong th d (2)
th ta cn lu .
Page 44

Unit 7

trnh lng tng trong vic dng ng t nh trong trng hp th d (2), khi vit
nhng cu c ch ng kp gm c danh t s t v s nhiu, ta nn t ch ng s nhiu
nm gn ng t (v dng ng t hnh thc s nhiu). Cu (2) c vit li Not only
the professor but also the students are going to attend. Hoc, ta c th s dng hnh thc
ng t khng thay i vi ngi s ca ch ng: Not only the students but also the
professor will attend.
c. Nhng cm t xen vo gia ch ng v ng t: as well as, in addition to,
together with, along with, accompanied by, including, not to mention... Ch dng
ng t hp vi ch ng ch khng phi l ph hp vi danh t no ng gn ng
t.
- Dorothy, as well as her brothers, intends to spend the summer here.
Dorothy, cng nh cc em trai c y, d nh ngh h y.
Trong cu ny, Dorothy l ch ng ch khng phi brothers, nn ta dng ng t intend
ngi th 3 s t (intends).
d. Vi cc danh t tp hp lm ch ng - nh jury, committee, crowd, team,
group, majority... - hu ht u dng ng t s t khi ta xem danh t nh mt
n v (unit).
Nhng nu ta dng vi ngha tng thnh vin (member) ring bit hp thnh, th
lc , danh t tp hp cn ng t s nhiu.
- The family are arriving for the wedding at different times.
(Cc thnh vin) Gia nh n d m ci vo nhng thi im khc nhau.
- After deliberating, the jury reports its verdict.
Sau khi cn nhc k lng, bi thm on tuyn b phn quyt ca mnh.
- The jury have many specialized skills.
(Cc thnh vin) Bi thm on c nhiu k nng chuyn bit.
Trong cu trn, jury c xem l mt tng th duy nht nn ng t theo sau hnh thc
s t (reports). Cu di ch nhng thnh vin ring bit trong bi thm on nn danh t
tp hp l s nhiu v cn ng t s nhiu (have).

Page 45

Unit 7

Danh t tp hp number c th i hi ng t s t hoc s nhiu: The number

of... lun lun cn ng t s t;
A number of cn ng t s nhiu.
- The number of employees needing supervision is diminishing.
S ngi lm cng cn c gim st ang gim i.
- A number of people are asking for bonuses.
Mt s ngi ang i tin thng.
Mt s trng hp khng c gii t of theo sau a numberm ng ngha hm mt
khi thng nht th ng t s t.
- A number like twelve billion is hard to comprehend.
Mt con s c 12 t th kh m hiu ni.
e. Cc i t bt nh (Indefinite pronouns) nh: either, neither, each, every, one,
cc i t c one, body hoc thing (anyone, no one, someone, anybody, nobody,
somebody, anything, everything...) i hi ng t s t.
- One of my closest f riends in the class comes from Singapore.
Trong lp, mt trong nhng ngi bn thn nht ca ti n t Singapore.
- Each of us studies hard.
Mi mt chng ti u hc hnh chm ch.
C khi nhng i t ny kt hp vi nhau cng dng ng t s t.
- Anybody and everybody is welcome.
Mi ngi u c cho n.
Lu :
Khi each theo sau ch ng, th each khng nh hng n ng t na. V d, nu
ch ng l danh t s nhiu theo sau bng i t each, th ng t s nhiu.
- Big cities each have their own special problems.
Mi thnh ph ln u c nhng vn ring bit ca chng.
Page 46

Unit 7

Cc i t both (c hai ), few (vi, s t), many (nhiu), others (nhng ci khc) v
several (mt s, nhiu) ng t i theo phi hnh thc s nhiu.
- Both were small.
C hai u nh nhoi.
- Many of her books are in English.
Phn ln sch ca c y vit bng ting Anh.
Nhng khi many i vi a (thng dng trong vn chng) cng vi ngha nh many,
nhng many a dng vi danh t s t v ng t theo sau cng phi s t.
- Many a student does not work hard.
Nhiu sinh vin khng chu kh hc hnh.
Mt s i t bt nh nh all (ton b, tt c), any (mt s hoc lng khng xc
nh, khng mt ai), some (mt vi), none (khng ai, khng vt g)... c th i vi
ng t s t hay s nhiu ty thuc vo ng ngha ca danh t m i t thay
th.
- All of the money is reserved for emergencies.
Ton b tin bc l d tr cho cc trng hp khn cp.
- All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system.
Ton b cc ng vin u ha ci thin h thng gio dc.
Cu trn, i t all m ch n money trong trng hp ny l danh t khng m c,
s t, nn ng t be cng s t (is). Cu di, all ng n candidates l danh t s
nhiu nn ng t theo sau cng chia hnh thc s nhiu (promise).
f. Khi cc i t who, which, that lm ch ng cho mt mnh ph thuc, th ng
t trong mnh phi ph hp vi tin t, tc nhng t hay cm t c i t
thay th.
- John is one of the men who drink too much beer.
John l mt trong nhng ngi ung qu nhiu bia.
- John is one man who drinks too much beer.
Page 47

Unit 7

John l mt ngi ung qu nhiu bia.

S ph hp gia ch ng v ng t trong cu c i t who, which hoc that d b lm
ln khi trong tin t c cm t one of v only one of.
Xt hai cu sau:
- He is one of those people who are late for everything.
Anh ta l mt trong s nhng ngi tr ni vi mi vic.
- He is the only one of those people who is late for everything.
Anh ta l ngi duy nht tr ni vi mi vic.
Cu trn ng anh ta l mt trong s nhng ngi tr ni, i t who thay th cho people
-nhng ngi tr ni --> ng t to be hnh thc s nhiu (are). Cn cu di, trong
s nhng ngi th anh ta l ngi duy nht tr ni. i t who thay cho one kt hp vi
only khin ng t trong mnh ph phi hnh thc s t (is).
g. Nhng danh t c hnh thc s nhiu nhng ng ngha li s t:
Cc mn hc v cc hot ng: athletics (in kinh), economics (kinh t hc),
linguistics (ngn ng hc), mathematics (ton hc), politics (chnh tr hc)...
Cc mn chi, tr chi: billiards (bi-da), checkers (c am), darts (tr phng lao
trong nh), dominoes (tr chi -mi-n)...
Tn mt s bnh: diabetes (bnh tiu ng), measles (bnh si), mumps (bnh quai
b), rabies (bnh di), shingles (bnh zona, bnh l mnh), rickets (bnh ci xng)...
- Mathematics is too dificult for them.
Ton hc qu kh i vi h.
- Measles still strikes many Americans.
Bnh si vn cn ging xung nhiu ngi M.
Cc danh t ch mn hc tn cng bng -ics dng vi ng t s t, nhng khi
nhng t c dng vi nhng ngha khc th c th i hi ng t s nhiu.
- Statistics is an interesting subject.
Thng k l mt mn hc th v.
Page 48

Unit 7

- Statistics are often misleading.

S liu thng k thng hay sai lc.
h. Mt s t nh pants (qun di M, qun lt Anh), trousers (qun), pliers (ci
km), scissors (ci ko), shears (ci ko ln - ct lng cu, ta hng giu) v tongs
(ci kp) l danh t s nhiu v cn ng t s nhiu i cng. Tuy nhin, khi c t
pair (of) i trc cc danh t ny v ng lm ch ng th ng t theo sau l s t.
- The scissors are very sharp.
Ci ko rt sc.
- A pair of scissors was left on the table.
Ci ko c li trn bn.
i. Ta sch, tn cc tc phm ngh thut, kch bn... -> ng t s t d ta c
hnh thc s nhiu.
- Sons and Lovers was one of the strangest books I have ever read.
Sons and Lovers l mt trong nhng cun sch k l nht m ti tng c.
j. Tn ca cc n v, t chc... l cc danh t tp hp -> ng t s t.
- Marshall, Smith, and Williams is a law firm in Colorado.
- Marshall, Smith, and Williams l mt cng ty (hoc t hp) lut Colorado.
k. There v here khng bao gi ng vai ch ng ca mt cu. Nu mt cu bt u
bng there hoc here th ch ng thng nm pha sau ng t.
- Here are the pictures of our wedding.
y l nhng bc nh m ci ca chng ti.
- There is only one desk in the classroom.
Ch c duy nht mt ci bn trong lp.
cu trn, ch ng khng phi l here m l pictures nn ng t phi s nhiu
(are). Cu di, ch ng l desk nn ng t s t (is).

Page 49

Unit 7

Nhng cu bt u vi "It" lm ch ng --> ng t lun s t.

- It was Dorothy and Helen who came to see us yesterday while we were away.
l Dorothy v Heen n thm chng ti hm qua khi chng ti i vng.
l. Danh t ni v s lng tin bc, thi gian, khong cch...-->ng t s t. Lc ,
khi lng (tin bc, thi gian...) c xem l mt n v.
- Eleven hundred dollars a year was the per capita income in Japan in 1960.
Mi mt -la mt nm l thu nhp bnh qun u ngi Nht Bn nm 1960.
- Twenty miles i s the length of the race.
20 dm l chiu di ca cuc ua.
Nhng khi ngi vit c nhn mnh n tng n v ca khi lng s nhiu
, th phi dng ng t s nhiu.
- The fourteen dollars were dropped in to the till one by one.
Bn mi -la c th vo ngn ng tin tng ng mt.
m. Khi ch ng l mt phn s (fraction) hoc phn trm (percent), hay cc t nh:
half, part, plenty v rest, th s ca ng t ty thuc vo danh t lm b ng cho
gii t i theo phn s hoc phn trm hay cc t . Hy xem cc th d sau:
- Sixty percent of his house is painted blue.
60% cn nh ca anh y c sn mu xanh.
- More than thirty percent of the houses on this street are for sale.
Hn 30% nhng cn nh trn ph ny ang cho bn.
- Half (of) her relatives live abroad.
Mt na thn nhn ca c y sng hi ngoi.
n. Khi din gii cc bi ton n gin - cng, tr, nhn, chia - cn lu :
Khi cng hay nhn, ta c th dng ng t s t hay s nhiu u c.
- Two and two is four. Hoc: Two and two are four. (2 cng 2 l 4.)
Page 50

Unit 7

- Twelve times three is thirty -six. Hoc: Twelve times three are thirty -six.
12 nhn 3 l 36.
Nhng vi tr v chia, th lun lun dng ng t s t.
- Nine minus four is five. Hoc: Nine minus four leaves five.
9 tr 4 cn 5.
- Fourteen divided by two is seven.
14 chia 2 cn 7.
tham kho thm:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uhiGiT_tGUY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCCntzac62Q

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 30
- highlight cm t " bit thm thng tin chi tit" ng ngha vi cm no hc?
- announce (v): cng b
--> mo: thy "announce --> c "change": cng b s thay i
- estimate (v): c tnh
- evaluate (v): nh gi
- predict (v): phng on
* trang 151
- ch cu 12 c t "phn i, i khng" tri ngha vi t "phi chu, chp nhn" hc
ri
* trang 153
- intend to (v): d nh lm g
- intend for (v): dnh cho

Page 51

Unit 7

- reveal (v): by ra, tit l

- temporary (adj): tm thi
* trang 154
- crew (n): i, nhm
* trang 155
- right after using: ngay sau khi s dng
* trang 156
- absolutely free = completely free: hon ton min ph
- Offer does not apply to sth: S cung cp ny khng p dng cho...
* trang 157
- take (sth) into account: xem xt vic g
- tend to (v): c khuynh hng
- in term of: v mt

Page 52

Unit 8

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 08]

1. Ng php (Mnh quan h: relative clauses)
a. WHO: l i t quan h ch ngi, ng sau danh t ch ngi lm ch ng (S)
hoc tn ng (O) cho ng t ng sau n
VD: The man who is standing overthere is Mr. Pike
That is the girl who I told you about.

b. WHOM: l i t quan h ch ngi, ng sau danh t ch ngi lm tn ng

(O) cho ng t ng sau n
VD: The woman whom/who you saw yesterday is my aunt.
The boy whom/who we are looking for is Tom.
=> so snh WHO v WHOM ta thy WHO "d s dng hn" v sau WHO l ch t
hoc ng t, cn sau WHOM th ch l ng t.

c. WHICH: l i t quan h ch vt, ng sau danh t ch vt lm ch ng (S)

hoc tn ng (O) cho ng t ng sau n.
VD: This is the book which I like best
The hat which is red is mine.

d. THAT: l i t quan h ch ngi v vt. That c th c dng thay cho WHO,

WHOM, WHICH.
Sau cc i t: everything, something, anything, all, little, much, none v sau dng so
snh nht th dng i t THAT, khng dng WHO, WHOM, WHICH.
THAT khng c dng sau du phy v sau gii t.
VD: I can see a girl and her dog that are running in the park.
She is the nicest woman that I've ever met.

e. WHOSE: l i t quan h ch s s hu, ng sau danh t ch ngi hoc vt v

thay cho tnh t s hu trc danh t. WHOSE lun i km vi mt danh t.
VD: The boy whose bicycle you borrowed yesterday is Tom.
Page 53

Unit 8

Cu b m c ci xe p m bn mn ngy hm qua l Tom.

John found a cat whose leg was broken.
John tm thy mt con mo c ci chn b gy.
(John tm thy mt con mo b gy chn)
Whose ni vt ch v vt b lm ch li vi nhau, sau whose lun l vt b lm ch.
V vy trong cu phi xc nh c u l vt ch, u l vt b lm ch. (Tng
t i vi ngi).
bicycle: vt b lm ch, the boy: ngi lm ch
leg: vt b lm ch, cat: vt lm ch

f. WHEN: l trng t quan h ch thi gian, ng sau danh t ch thi gian. WHEN
c dng thay cho at/on/in which/then.
VD: November 5th is the day when (on which) people hold the meeting
That was the time when (at which) he managed the company
when --> at which (du hiu: gi - time)
when --> on which (du hiu: ngy - day)
when --> in which (du hiu: nm - year)
trong bi thi Toeic thng kim tra "at which, on which, in which"

g. WHERE: l trng t quan h ch ni chn, ng sau danh t ch ni chn. Where

c dng thay cho at/in/to which, there.
VD: Do you know the country where (in which) I was born?
Mo: The city --> in which (The city where (in which)....)
The land --> on which (The land where (on which)...)

h. WHY: l trng t quan h ch l do, ng sau the reason

Why c dng thay cho for which
Please tell me the reason why (for which) you are so sad.
Page 54

Unit 8

Mo: the reason --> why

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 35
- highlight t "khng may thay", "khng cn na" nh li cch s dng t ny.
- stock (n,v): Hng ha, tch tr
- issue (n): vn = matter
- highlight t "xao lng" ( hc t "s xao lng" ri)
- ask a favor: nh mt n hu
--> do me a favor: ban cho ti mt n hu ("lm n gip ti": ni mt cch trinh trng)
* trang 165
- Cu 1: ch "receive" c c dng b ng khng?
* trang 166
- allow/permit + O+ to V0: cho php ai lm g
* trang 167
- Cu 14 khng dng what, which, v pha sau c "it" --> khng dng which c -->
khng dng that
* trang 168
- promising (adj): trin vng --> promising singer: ca s trin vng
- abviously (adv): r rng l
- suitable (adj): thch hp --> suitable project: d n thch hp
- available (adj): c sn
- find + O + adj (ch vt) --> find it useful
* trang 169

Page 55

Unit 8

- cu 6: thy than --> chn more (nu khng c than --> chn over, for over 5 years
= for more than 5 years)
- renown (adj): ni ting = famous = wellknown
- dedication (n): s cng hin
- individual (n): c nhn (ch
t ny v va l danh t va l tnh t)
- individual (adj): ring bit
* trang 170
- greatly reduce: gim mt cch ng k --> xem li cc t "ng k" thng i vi
t "tng gim" hc
- experiment (n): th nghim
- undergo (v): tri qua (khng c chia b ng vi t ny)
* trang 171
- wanted: tuyn dng, truy n
- expense (v,n): ph tn, chi ph
- professional (n,adj): chuyn gia, chuyn nghip (va l danh t, va l tnh t
- audition (n): s th ging
- register (v): ng k
* trang 172
- brief (adj): ngn gn
- highlight t "in vo mu n", " chnh thc", mt t c 3 ngha "c, tnh nng,
ni bt", "sn c"
- purchase (v): mua (dng trong vn vit, hoc mua mn hng ln, mua cho cng ty,...,
dng buy khi mua mn hng nh khng quan trng)
* trang 173
- highlight t "kho st"
Page 56

Unit 8

- conduct (v): thc hin --> mo: survey --> conduct (thng gp xut hin cng nhau)
- highlight t "c khuynh hng"
- take place (v) (khng chia b ng t ny) = happen: xy ra, din ra
- fund (v,n): h tr, qu
- among + danh t s nhiu --> trong part 5 nu thy cc p n c among --> kim tra
sau ch trng c phi l danh t s nhiu khng --> nu c chn among
- outstanding (adj): ni bt, cha thanh ton
--> outstanding musical abilities: kh nng m nhc ni bt
--> outstanding bill: ha n cha thanh ton
* trang 174
- deliver (v): giao hng
- delivery (n): s giao hng
- funtion (n): chc nng
- reliable (adj): ng tin cy --> reliable company: cng ty ng tin cy
- refund (v,n): tr tin li. = reimburse
ch : khi mua hng khng hi lng--> yu cu refund, khng dng reimburse
dng reimburse trong trng hp n b cho nhn vin cng ty i cng tc (thng thy
trong thi Toeic)
- highlight t "phn nn" (ch chnh t: danh t vit nh th no? ng t vit
nh th no?)
Mo: trong part 7, cc email no m u phn nn (complain) dch v, sn phm -> pha sau thng c i hng hoc yu cu "refund" (hon tin) li.

Page 57

Unit 9

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 09]

1. Ng php (trang 36)
a. Tnh t: (adj): l t dng miu t hoc cho bit thm chi tit v mt danh t
ng thi gii hn s p dng ca danh t y. Ni tm li: tnh t thng b ngha cho
danh t.
* V tr ca tnh t:
- Tnh t ng sau ng t to be: am/is/are/was/were.
VD: She is beautiful.
- Tnh t ng sau cc linking verbs: become, feel, look, taste,find, sound, smell,
seem,stay, remain.
VD: The soup taste good.
Children become tired quite easily.
Ch : V sao sau cc ng t ny khng phi l trng t m l tnh t? Nhiu bn cng
bit cu thn ch "tnh - danh, ng - trng" (Tnh t b ngha cho danh t, trng t b
ngha cho ng t), vy ti sao cc ng t ny ngoi l?
- Xt cc ng t ny ta thy: bn cht n khng phi l ng t th hin hnh ng,
n mang chc nng ni ch ng v v ng, v thc cht, cc v ng ny b ngha cho
ch ng, ch khng b ngha cho ng t. Cho nn, xt t loi ca ch ng m chia t
loi ca v ng, ch khng xt cc ng t ny.
- Tr li v d: She is beautiful: C y p --> "beautiful" b ngha cho "she", m b
ngha cho danh t th ch c th l tnh t. Xem chc nng ni ch ng v v ng ca "is"
trong cu ny, ta thy "is" ch lm nhim v ni ch - v. B "is" ta c: "She beautiful"-->
vn c th hiu c, nhng cu khng ng ng php, v vy mi cn n "is".
- Xem v d sau: She speaks English very well. C y ni ting Anh rt tt. ng t
"speak" l ng t th hin hnh ng "ni". B n khi cu th cu khng cn ngha
g na "C y ting Anh rt tt". Cc ng t ny thng c gi l "ng t thng"
(v n th hin ng bn cht ca n - ng t - t th hin hnh ng).

Page 58

Unit 9

Mc d gi l "ng t thng" nhng c th v von cc ng t ny l "qu tim" ca

cu, nm v tr ch cht, khng c n th cu "cht", cn cc ng t trn, khng c n
cu cng khng "cht"
- Tnh t ng trc danh t ( b ngha cho danh t):
VD: This is an interesting book
- Tnh t ng sau cc t c tn cng: -thing, -body, -one, -where:
VD: I have something nice
I have gone somwhere new
b. Trng t: (adv): l mt thnh phn b ngha cho ng t, tnh t, trng t
khc hoc c cu. --> Trng t l t loi rt linh hot.
* V tr ca trng t:
- ng u cu, trc du phy, b ngha cho c cu.
VD: Unfortunately,the bank was closed by the time I got here
(Khng may thay, ngn hng ng ca trc khi ti n. --> Ci vic "khng may"
chnh l "ngn hng ng ca trc khi ti n")
- B ngha cho ng t:
VD: She speaks English very well. (ni ting anh nh th no?--> ni ting anh
tt)
She drives carefully.
She carefully drives her car.
She drivers her car carefully.
- Trng t b ngha cho tnh t, ng trc tnh t:
VD: She is extremely beautiful
(C y cc k p --> c y p, p nh th no? --> p cc k)
- Trng t b ngha cho trng t, ng trc trng t m n b ngha
VD: She drives etremely carefully
Page 59

Unit 9

(C y li xe cc k cn thn --> c y li xe nh th no?--> li xe cn

(carefully --> drive) --> cn thn nh th no? cn thn cc k
(extremely
carefully))

thn
-->

--> Khng quan tm trng t nm u, hy quan tm n b ngha cho ci g, v v

tr t m n b ngha nm u.
c. Cc lu khc:
- Enough ng sau tnh t, trng t, ng trc danh t
VD: He is old enough to see that movie
We have enough books on this topic
- Cu tng thut khng c php o ng
VD: I asked him how long he had been in America
- Nhng t mang ngha ph nh t u cu --> phi o ng (never,
seldom,rarely,not, hardly: him khi, not only, only,...)
VD: Rarely does he works at night (Anh ta t khi lm vic ban m)
=> He rarely works at night
- Not until yesterday did he change his mind (Anh ta khng thay
i nh cho n ngy hm qua)
=> He didn't change his mind until yesterday.
--> nhc li: trong cu c t mang ngha ph nh th sao? C c ph nh hai ln hay
khng?

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 37
- take part in = participate in: tham gia vo
- due to = because of + N/Ving: bi v
- violate (v): vi phm
Page 60

Unit 9

- terminate (v): chm dt

--> on vn c "vi phm" --> sau s c b "chm dt"
- specify (v): ch ra
- highlight li 2 t ng ngha "hon tin, n b" xem li cch s dng
* trang 181
- cu 2: ch o ng
VD: - I like sport (ti thch th thao)
=> So do I (ti cng vy = ti cng thch)
=> I do, too (ti cng vy = ti cng thch)
- I don't like sport (ti khng thch th thao)
=> Neither do I (ti cng vy = ti cng khng thch)
=> Nor do I (ti cng vy = ti cng khng thch)
=> I don't either (ti cng vy = ti cng khng thch)
--> xt cc cu c vit li: khng ph nh 2 ln (cc t "neither", "nor" mang
ngha ph nh)
--> I can't go, nor do I want to go (ti khng th i, ti cng khng mun i)
(Cc t mang ngha ph nh ng u cu ta phi O NG)
- Cu 3: xt thy 2 du phy, 2 ng t --> kim tra ch t --> kim tra b ng hay ch
ng (ch ng --> V nh th no?, b ng --> V nh th no?) (n li bi c)
* trang 184
- mantain (v): duy tr
* trang 185
- get involved in: tham gia vo
- highlight cm "be likely to V0" (ngha l g?), t "c khuynh hng"
* trang 186
Page 61

Unit 9

- responsible for: chu trch nhim v

- keep up the pace: gi tin
* trang 187
- meet (v): p ng (demand/require/request)
* trang 188
- highlight v tr c "not only" u cu --> kim tra xem c o ng khng
- make delivery = deliver
--> khi khng mun dng ng t, m mun dng danh t nh ng t th thm "make"
vo trc danh t. Lu : khng phi t no mun thm make vo cng c. Do hy
nh li cc t m mnh cho highlight cc bi trc
VD:

deliver --> make delivery

Tng t: hy nh li cc t vi make: t ch trc, sp xp cuc hn, tit kim, quyt

nh, lm nn s khc bit ( c bi trc, hy t tm li, mnh khng nhc li)
* trang 189
- get rid of: loi b
* trang 190
- option (n): la chn
- appeal to = attract to: li cun, thu ht
- propose (v): xut
--> proposal (n): s xut (ch danh t ny d nhm ln l tnh t)
- a couple of: mt vi
reserve --> make a reservation
appoint --> make appointment
save --> make saving
decide --> make decision
Page 62

Unit 9

differ --> make a difference

make money = earn money

Page 63

Unit 10

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 10]

1. Ng php (trang 38: i t bt nh: (indefinite pronouns))
- Some --> somebody, someone (ai ), something (ci g ): c dng trong cu
khng nh v i vi ng t s t, c dng trong li mi hay cu yu cu:
VD: There is somebody at the door
Would you like something to drink?
- Any --> anybody, anyone (bt c ai), anything (bt c ci g):c dng trong cu
ph nh v nghi vn, i vi ng t s t, c dng trong mnh IF
VD: Is there anybody in the room?
If anyone has any questions, I'll be pleased to answer them.
- No --> nobody, no one, nothing (khng ai, khng ci g) = not + anyone, anything.
c dng vi ngha ph nh nn trong cu khng c ph nh ln na, i vi
ng t s t
VD: She didn't tell anybody about her plans = She told noboby...
- Some of/most of/none of + the/this/that/these/those/my/his/Ann's... c "of" ni
v nhng ngi/vt c bit, c xc nh (the,this,that...)
VD: Most of the students in my class like sport (ni ring, cc sinh vin LP
TI, ch khng phi sinh vin ni chung)
Most people love music (ngi ta ni chung, hu ht ngi ta thch m nhc,
khng phi ngi nc no, ngi loi no ht)
=> C "of" khi "xc nh"
- Either/neither/both: ch 2 s vic. Any/none/all: ch hn hai s vic
VD: 1. We tried 2 hotels.
-> Neither of them had any rooms. (Any dng trong cu ph nh v c
neither mang ngha ph nh, trong cu khng ph nh ln na)
-> Both of them were full.
2. We tried a lot of hotels
Page 64

Unit 10

-> None of them had any rooms

-> All of them were full
- The other (s t): ci cn li trong hai ci
VD: There are two chairs, one is red, the other is blue
(C hai ci gh, mt ci , ci cn li xanh. Ci cn li do c xc nh (ci
cn li trong 2 ci) nn dng "the", the other = the other chair)
- The others (s nhiu): nhng ci cn li trong 1 s lng nhiu hn 2
VD: There are 20 students, one is fat, the others are thin.
(C 20 sinh vin, mt a mp, nhng a cn li m/gy. Nhng a cn li
c xc nh (trong 20 a) nn c "the" v s nhiu nn c "s".
Ch : the others = the other students. Khi dng "the others" rt gn th c "s",
khng mun dng rt gn th nhng "s" cho danh t)
=> Nh vy, the other + N (s t hoc nhiu ty thuc vo ng cnh, mt ci cn li
hay nhiu ci cn li)
There are two chairs, one is red, the other is blue
-> There are two chairs, one is red, the other chair is blue
There are 20 students, one is fat, the others are thin
-> There are 20 students, one is fat, the other students are thin
- Another: mt ci khc (khng xc nh, khng nm trong s lng no)
VD: I have eaten my cake, give me another
-> I have eaten my cake, give me another cake
(Ti n ci bnh ca mnh ri, hy cho ti mt ci na, ci ny khng nm
trong s xc nh no --> khng c "the", s t --> another)
--> another + N s t
- Others: Nhng ci khc (khng xc nh, khng nm trong s lng no)
VD: Some students like sport, others don't.
Page 65

Unit 10

-> Some students like sport, other students don't.

(Vi sinh vin thch th thao, mt s khc th khng. Sinh vin y khng xc
nh, khng bit sinh vin nm trong gii hn no --> khng c "the", s nhiu --> c "s",
v nhng "s" cho danh t khi i vi danh t)
=> Nhn xt:
- The other + N (s t/s nhiu ty ng cnh) v phi xc nh
- Another + N s t v khng xc nh
- The other/another: c th ng mt mnh hoc theo sau l danh t
- The others/others: lun ng mt mnh, khi theo sau l danh t th nhng
"s" cho danh t: trng hp ny l danh t s nhiu, xem li nhn xt u tin,
trnh nhm ln.
- Other + N s nhiu v khng xc nh
- Much, little + N khng m c
VD: much time, little money
- Many, few + N m c
VD: many friends, few cars
- Little, few: hu nh khng c
VD: We must be quick. There is little time.(c rt t, hu nh khng c)
He isn't popular. He has few friends.(rt t bn, hu nh khng c)
- A little, a few: c mt cht, c mt vi
VD: Let's go and have a drink. We've got a little time before the train leaves. (C
mt t thi gian)
I enjoy my life here. I have a few friends and we meet quite often. (c mt vi
ngi bn)

Page 66

Unit 10

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 39
- Cu 2 phn A xem li bi ngy 26
- considerable = significant (adj): quan trng, ng k
* trang 197
- Cu 2: ten minutes: s t
- Cu 3: ch ng t c chia s t hay nhiu m chia ch t
- Cu 5: "khng cn na"
* trang 198
- prohibit from: cm lm g
* trang 199
- Cu 15: khng c ph nh 2 ln
* trang 200
- run out: cn kit
* trang 201
- properly (adv): mt cch hp l
- provided = provided that = providing that = as long as: min l + clause
* trang 203
- place an order: t hng (ngi mua)
--> take an order: nhn n t hng (ngi bn)
- rely on: da vo
- but: ngoi --> no one but Susan went to the party

Page 67

Unit 10

* trang 206
- survey --> conduct
- throughout: ???
- show that: ch ra rng

Page 68

Unit 11

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 11]

1. Ng php (trang 40: cu b ng)
-ng t b ng (cng thc chung): BE + V3
- Hin ti n, qu kh n: am/is/are/was/were + V3
- Hin ti TD, qu kh TD: am/is/are/was/were+ being + V3
- Hin ti HT, qu kh HT: have/has/had + been + V3
- Can,may,must, have to, used to, will, shall + be V3
- Me, you, him, them, people, someone,thng c b trong cu b ng nu khng
mun nu r tc nhn
Someone has sent me the flowers
--> I have been sent the flowers
- Nu tn ng trong cu b ng ch s vt, s vic th dng gii t "WITH" thay "BY"
trc tn ng .
Smoke filled the room
--> The room was filled with smoke
- ng t gic quan: feel, see, watch, hear, look, taste
Ch ng: S + V + O + V0/Ving
B ng: S + be V3 + to V0/Ving
They saw her come in
--> She was seen to come in
They saw the lorry running down the hill
--> The lorry was seen running down the hill

Page 69

Unit 11

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 41
- highight "kho st - thc hin"
- personnel (n): nhn s (l N s nhiu, khng c thm s)
- Urgent: (adj) = Emergency: (n) Khn cp
- highlight cm "rt c th"
* trang 213
- grow accustomed to = be accustomed to: quen vi
* trang 214
- be sastified with: hi lng vi
* trang 216
- cu 2, trong p n c "among" --> ch g?
- Be in charge of: (v) Ph trch
Who was in charge of: Ai ph trch?
* trang 217
- enroll in: ng k, ghi danh vo
* trang 218
- highlight cu "ti thy rng"
- give impression: gy n tng
* trang 220
- seminar = workshop: hi tho
- annually: hng nm
- highlight "chuyn gia hng u"
Page 70

Unit 11

- will be held: s c t chc (t ny gn nh l cm hc thuc, trong mt vn bn

ni v t chc s kin (event) sp din ra (upcoming) s c t ny v ch th tng lai,
c chia b ng th hin n sp c t chc trong tng lai
* trang 222
- Offer sb With sth = Supply sb With sth = Provide sb With sth
cung cp cho ai ci g
- Provide sth To sb: cung cp ci g cho ai
--> nh li cc cm t "min l"
- in advance: trc --> Thanks in advance: cm n trc nh!

Page 71

Unit 12

[TOEIC STARTER - UNIT 12]

1. Ng php (trang 42: lin t v gii t)
GII T + N/Ving
LIN T + Clauses
a. Gii t:
- Gii t l nhng t c dng vi danh t (hoc i t, ng t) ch s lin h gia
cc t y vi cc t khc trong cu.
- C nhiu loi gii t: ch ni chn (above: trn, along: dc theo, behind: sau,...), gii t
ch thi gian (at: vo lc, before: trc lc,...), gii t ch mc ch (to, in order to: ,...)
- V cch s dng ca gii t rt a dng v khng theo quy tc no, trong bi thi toeic
mt s gii t thng dng v hay gp mnh cng cho highlight, mt khc tng vn
gii t cho chnh mnh l kh nng luyn tp ca mi ngi. Trong phn ny mnh ch
a ra ngn gn cch s dng cc gii t c bn
- AT:
At + gi (time): ch thi gian --> at which time, at 5 p.m
At + place: ch ni chn --> at home, at the theatre
--> At cost/price/discount: ti mc gi
- IN:
In + thng, nm, ma, bui, th k: ch thi gian --> in 1980, in June,
In + place: ch ni chn ( trong): in the desk, in the box
--> ch located on/located in (t nh li cch s dng)
- ON:
On + th trong tun: ch thi gian --> on Sunday, on time:ng gi
On + place: ch ni chn ( trn): on the table, on the wall

Page 72

Unit 12

- BY:
By dng trong cu b ng: V3 by Ving/N
-> The letter was written by Mary
By dng ch phng tin i li: by car, by bus
By ch mt thi im: by the time: trc lc, by chance: tnh c
- WITH:
With: vi, cng vi
With dng trong cu b ng (tng t vi "by") V3 with Ving/N
- UNDER:
Under: ch v tr di mt vt --> under the table
Under: ch s vic ang trong tnh trng no : under control, under
discussion, under contruction (under + N: danh t ny phi din t tnh trng)
The building is being contructed
--> The building is under contruction.
Lu : Khng dng IN/ON/AT trc all/ every/ this/ next/ last month/ year/
tomorrow/ yesterday/ today.
He has worked hard all morning (not "in all morning")
- SINCE + mc thi gian :k t khi, k t lc --> since last year, since 2000
- FOR + khong thi gian: khong, trong --> for 3 months
- DURING + thi k (khng i vi s m): trong sut --> during the winter, during the
test (not "during 2 weeks")
- BETWEEN: gia hai ngi/ vt
- AMONG: trong s (nhiu hn 2)

Page 73

Unit 12

b. Lin t: dng m u mt mnh ph thuc (mnh danh t

hoc mnh trng t)
- ni cc hnh ng xy ra ng thi (simultaneous actions): while, as (trong khi), the
moment/instant (ngay by gi, ngay lp tc)
- ni cc hnh ng lin tip (sequential action) : when, before, after, until
- ch l do (reason): since, because: bi v, now that: by gi th/ bi v by gi (ch
nguyn nhn, l do va mi xy ra, hoc ang din ra), seeing that: thy rng
- ch iu kin (condition): if (nu), unless (nu khng, tr khi), provided, as long as
(min l), once (mt khi, khi)
- ch s nhng b (concession): even if (thm ch), even though, although, though
(mc d) = despite, inspite of. Ch : despite v inspite of l gii t (theo sau l
Ving/N). Nhng "despite the fact that + mnh "
- ch mc ch (purpose): (so) that, in order that ( m)
- ch s i lp (contrast): whereas, while (trong khi)
- ch iu khng tht, tri thc t (unreal comparison): as if, as though (dng nh, nh
th)
* Lu :
- otherwise = or else = or .....+ will (bng khng .... s)
tng t:

Unless = if not ...will

S khc bit gia 2 cu trc ny l "will":

Get up early, otherwise you will be late (Hy dy sm nu khng bn s b tr,
otherwise v will nm cng mnh )
Unless you get up early, you will be late (Nu khng dy sm, bn s b tr,
unless v will nm khc mnh )

Page 74

Unit 12

2. T vng v cm t, cu trc cn hc thuc (cn highlight nhng t in

m di y)
* trang 43
- for ages: nhiu nm
- vital = important = essential (adj): quan trng
- cu 1 phn C: trong 4 p n c otherwise --> kim tra trong cu c "will" khng -->
khng c --> loi
- shortly after= soon after: ngay sau khi
- approximately + khong thi gian: xp x bao lu
* trang 229
- Cu 1: not only ...but also/but
* trang 230
- in case: phng khi
* trang 231
- Cu 12 "cost" --> cao hay thp
- Cu 14 ch gii t ca 2 cm t "phn i, chp nhn" (nh li theo sau n l loi t
g)
- Cu 15: gia 2 ngi/ vt --> between hay among?
* trang 232
- insist on: khng khng
- cu 4: cu trc "lm cho ai..." (make + O + adj) you make me happy
* trang 233
- quan tm (interested + gii t no???)

Page 75

Unit 12

* trang 234
- ch cu 9 hi v t vng, t no cng c th in vo --> c tip xt ng cnh -->
thy pha di c problem, unfortunately --> chn regret (c vn , khng may thay -->
rt tic)
- highlight li cm "trc tip"
* trang 236
- highlight li t "chnh thc"
- sponsor (n): nh ti tr
- eagerly awaited: ch i mt cch ho hc
- potential = prospective (adj): tim nng
--> khch hng tim nng: potential/prospective customer/client
- t ch trc: ???
* trang 237
- ensure that: m bo rng
- patron (n): khch hng (= client), thng dng t ny trong cc lnh vc dch v
- personal possession: ti sn c nhn (t nh li t "nhn s")
- in case of = in the event: trong trng hp (nh li t "phng khi")
- premises (n): khun vin
* trang 238
- be pleased to: ???, cng b: ???
- run down: xung cp
- renovate = innovate: (v): tn trang, i mi
- you are entitled: bn c quyn

--Ht-Page 76

Cc th trong ting anh

Qu kh

1. Cch dng:

2. Du hiu
nhn bit
3. Cng thc

4. V d

1. Cch dng:

Tip din (nhn

mnh thi im, 2. Du hiu
ti 1 im thi nhn bit
gian) cng thc
chung:be + Ving 3. Cng thc
4. V d

Hin ti

Tng lai

Din t mt kin, mt li
Din t 1 chn l, 1 s tht hin nhin. Mt thi ha, 1 quyt nh tc th, mt
din t hnh ng: xy ra, chm dt
li ni trc tip (ch quan,
quen, mt hnh ng xy ra thng
ri, v bit r thi gian. Lu phi hi
xuyn hin ti
khng bit c chc chn s
3 yu t ny th mi p dng QK,
thc hin trong TL ko)
nu mt mt trong 3 --> HTHT
last, ago, yesterday, TODAY,
THIS MORNING (*)

V2/ed
- I lived in Hanoi 2 year ago
- I often go to school by bus, but this
morning I went to school by car

often, usually, frequently, ocasionally, always

V0 (ch t s nhiu),
V s/es (ch t s t)
- Mary often goes to school by bicycle
- The sun rises in the East

think, hope, promise, tomorrow,

next week,

Will + V0
- I think I will talk to her
- I will phone you tonight

Hnh ng ang xy ra ti mt thi im Hnh ng ang xy ra ngay lc ni (ti thi

trong qu kh
im hin ti)

Hnh ng s ang xy ra ti
mt thi im trong tng lai

at this time yesterday, at 6 pm last

Monday,..

at this time tomorrow, at 6pm

next Monday,..

was/were + Ving
- At this time yesterday, I was teaching
English

now, right now, at the moment, at present

am/is/are + Ving
- At the moment, I'm teaching English

Will + be + Ving
- At this time tomorrow, I will be
teaching English

Qu kh

1. Cch dng:

Din t mt hnh ng xy ra v hon

tt trc mt thi im trong qu kh
Din t mt hnh ng xy ra trc mt
hnh ng khc trong qu kh

2. Du hiu
nhn bit

by +mc thi gian ( qu kh),

before (QK)

Hon thnh

3. Cng thc
4. V d

1. Cch dng:

Hon thnh tip 2. Du hiu

nhn bit
din (Nhn
mnh khong
3. Cng thc
thi gian)
4. V d

Had + V3
- Before you came, I had written this letter
- By 9 pm yesterday, I had written this
letter
Ging qu kh hon thnh v phi nhn
mnh khong thi gian ca hnh ng

Ging QKHT v c for + khong thi

gian

Had been + Ving

Hin ti

Tng lai

Din t 1 hnh ng tha 1 trong 4 iu kin sau:

1. Hnh ng va mi xy ra
Din t mt hnh ng s hon
2. Hnh ng lp i lp li nhiu ln (khng
tt trc mt thi im trong
mang tnh cht thi quen)
tng lai
3. Hnh ng bt u qu kh, ko di n
hin ti, c kh nng tip tc tng lai
4. Khng bit r thi gian, khng mun cp
thi gian chnh xc
For, since, OVER, recently, already, yet, so far, by +mc thi gian ( tng lai)
until now, up to now
by July next year

Have/has + V3

Will have + V3

- I have studied English since 2000

- I have studied English for/over 15 years

- By 9 pm tomorrow, I will have

written this letter

Hon ton ging cch dng s 3 ca

HTHT nhng mang tnh nhn mnh khong
thi gian hn so vi HTHT

Ging tng lai hon thnh v

phi nhn mnh khong thi
gian ca hnh ng

Ging HTHT (**)

Ging TLHT v c for + khong

tgian

Have/has been + Ving

Will have been + Ving

I have been studying over 10 year, but I still

By 9pm tomorrow, I will have
By 9pm yesterday, I had been writing this haven't spoken English yet. ( hc ting anh
letter for 2 hours
HN 10 NM m cha ni c --> nhn mnh 10 been writing this letter for 2
hours
nm)

Lu v gii thch:
Nhiu bn c thy Ving l ngh l tip din --> SAI, mun l "tip din" th phi "be + Ving", Ving ng mt mnh l gerund
Khng chia hin ti tip din vi cc t nhn thc tri gic: to be, see, hear, understand, know, like, want, glance, feel, think, smell, love,
hate, realize, seem, remember, forget,..
Xt 2 v d sau:

1. Do you understand this lesson?

Yes, I am understanding
--> Sai, khng chia HTTD vi cc t nhn thc tri gic ny
--> vit li: Yes I understand it now
2. Understanding this lesson is necessary
--> Cu ny ng, v khng c "be Ving" --> khng phi l tip din --> tha iu kin trn

(*): Trong bi thi Toeic, trong cu c "today" hoc "this morning" khng c vi vng chia hin ti n, m phi xt xem c phi l cu
k khng, xt thi gian ngi ni ni ra cu vo thi im no trong ngy? (Nh v d nu)
(**): Trong bi thi Toeic, nu trong 4 p n c 2 p n l th HTHT v HTHTTD th 2 p n ny phi loi ngay (khng phi l p n
ng), hoc nu n l p n ng th ch xut hin 1 trong 2, v 2 th ny tng t nhau, s nhn mnh khong thi gian ch c th xt ty ng
cnh, hoc ng iu trong vn ni. Toeic khng kim tra s phn bit gia hai th ny.
Mo nh cc th tip din: th no c ch "tip din" --> lin quan n thi gian
"Tip din" n thun --> nhn mnh mt iM THI GIAN
"hon thnh tip din" --> nhn mnh KHONG THI GIAN
Th s 13: Tng lai gn:
1. Am/is/are + going to + V0
D nh s
2. Am/is/are + Ving
Sp sa
--> Cng thc s 2 ging th hin ti tip din, lm sao phn bit? Khi c cu ni m khng thy du hiu "ngay lc ni" th l "sp sa" v
cn phi xt ng cnh.
VD: My father is retiring. (Ba ti sp sa ngh hu, xt trong ng cnh ni)
Ch : thy ng t "spend" --> nhy cm th tng lai gn
VD: I'm going to spend my holiday in Vung Tau.
So snh tng lai n v tng lai gn: Tng lai n th hin li ha, li ni tc thi, ngi ni va ngh ra khng chc chn s lm.
Tng lai gn th hin s chc chn s lm, s vic ny c ln k hoch trc ri.