/

)Tel: (002-01118336760

$



" "

)) ((

)Tel: (002-01118336760

/
002-01118336760
Eng_abdoo99@yahoo.com
2011 -

)Tel: (002-01118336760

.
:

: )(Chemical Chain Reaction
) (Fire Tetrahedron

:
)Fuel (Combustible Substances
-
)Air (Oxygen
- )(
- ) (

)Heat (Sources of Ignition

Chain Chemical Reaction

- ) (:
: .
:
:
:

.

- )(:
%
% .

) (Flammability Limits ) (LEL
).(UEL
% . %
% . % .
. % %
.
) (% % . .

)Tel: (002-01118336760

- ) (

:
: :

:
.
.
) (:


.
:

.
:

.
:
)(
:


.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

:
) (

.
:

.

- :
) (
Free Radicals
.
:
: Architect Engineer - fire safety
: Electrical Engineer - fire Alarm
: Mechanical Engineer - fire fighting
.
:
(National Fire Protection Association) :NFPA -

:LPC - British Standard (BS) .

.
:
-
.
.
- .
-
.
- .

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Fire fighting sys classification
2-Gas sys

1- Water sys

:
Sprinkler sys - .
Hazel sys - .
Fire hydrant sys - .
:
Fire Extinguisher - .
FM-200, CO2, FE-13 - .
:
- Combustion material
- Oxygen
-
Ignition temperature


.


.
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

.
NFPA :
- (Light Hazard) :


. - - - - -
- - - - ............... .
- (Ordinary Hazard) :
:
( :


. ..
- - - - - -
.
( :


..
- - - - - -
- - - - - .
- Extra Hazard :
:
( :




. .

. .......... .
( :
.
.
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

.



.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

- )( Wet Pipe System

) - (

.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

- )( Dry Pipe System

.


) (
. )
(.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

-3 Pre-Action System

.

)
( .
.

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- Deluge System


.
.

.

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Automatic Sprinkler System

-:
:
- )(frame
- ) (orifice
10 15 20.
- )(bulb

.
- )( )(deflector
.

- :
.

30.
.

Tel: (002-01118336760)

Glass type -
( bulb)

.

Orange
Red
Yellow
Green
Blue
Purple

Table (1)
NFBA13 2007 Edition indicates the maximum ceiling temperature, nominal operating temperature of the
sprinkler, color of the bulb or link and the temperature classification.

Maximum
Ceiling
Temperature

Temperature
Rating

Temperature
Classification

Color Code (with

Fusible Link)

Glass Bulb
Color

100F / 38C

135-170F / 57-77C

Ordinary

Uncolored or Black

150F / 66C

175-225F / 79-107C

Intermediate

White

225F / 107C
300F / 149C
375F / 191C
475F / 246C
625F / 329C

250-300F
325-375F
400-475F
500-575F
650F

High
Extra High
Very Extra High
Ultra High
Ultra High

Blue
Red
Green
Orange
Orange

Orange (135F) or
Red (155F)
Yellow (175F) or
Green (200F)
Blue
Purple
Black
Black
Black

/ 121-149C
/ 163-191C
/ 204-246C
/ 260-302C
/ 343C

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- Fusible link type

.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

)(
* )Pendent Sprinkler Head (SSP

.

* )Upright Sprinkler Head (SSU

)( .
.

* Sidewall Sprinkler Head

.
.

( .
( .
( .
( ) (.
( .
( .

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- )Quick Response (QR
- QRES -Quick Response Early Suppression
- ESFREarly Suppression Fast Response
- )Fast Response ( FR

:Intermediate level sprinkler -
. Upright

.

: Corrosion resistant sprinkler -

.
: Decorative sprinkler -
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

.
*
.
*


.
* ". 1/2" or 3/4
* sprinkler .
* . Sidewall sprinkler

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Protection Area Limitations per sprinkler

.

.
)Table (2
Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for Light Hazard

Tel: (002-01118336760)

Table (3)
Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for Ordinary Hazard

Table (4)
Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard Spray Upright/Standard Spray Pendent) for Extra Hazard

Table (5)
Protection Areas and Maximum Spacing (Standard Sidewall Spray Sprinkler)

Area
Hazard

m2

Light hazard

Ordinary hazard

Extra hazard

Max. distance
between sprinkler

System Type

ft 2

ft

4.6

15

Pipe schedule

18.6

200

Hydraulic
calculation

20.9

255

All

12.1

130

4.6

15

Pipe schedule

8.4

90

3.7

12

Hydraulic
calculation with
density >= 0.25

9.3

100

3.7

12

Hydraulic
calculation with
density < 0.25

12.1

130

4.6

15

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:
* .
*
.
*
) .(225 ft ) ( 21 m
)(Upright Sprinkler / Pendent Sprinkler

* ) (Sidewall Spray Sprinkler ) .(196 ft 2 ) ( 18.2 m 2

) (Head .
PROTECTION AREA LIMITATIONS PER
SPRINKLER
Area
)(m2

Hazard

15

Light Hazard

12

Ordinary Hazard

Extra Hazard

*
.
* .
*
.
*
.
* -
)(seamless black steel schedule 40

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Sprinkler Operation Area:

. .
)AREA (M2

)AREA (FT2

HAZARD

139

1500

Light Hazard

139

1500

Ordinary Hazard

232

2500

Extra Hazard

-:
1- Main line:
.
2- Cross Main:

.
3- Branch line:
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Hazard
) (coverage area per sprinkler
. No of sprinkler
. Distance
. GPM
Head.
. Water tank
. Size of pipe

) (
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Hydraulic Calculation
*

.
* limits .
*

* ) operation area (

:
# IN ROOM
No. of Sprinkler = Area of room / Area coverage per Sprinkler from table of hazard
= /

# IN OPERATION AREA
No. of total sprinkler to calculate = operation area / Area coverage per Sprinkler from table of hazard
= /

# IN WOREST AREA
Branch operation area
-:
1 .2
S

= Number of Sprinkler on Branch line

Where:
A= design area
S= distance between sprinklers on branch line
) (Elite .

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Example
Ordinary hazard group1
= 130ft*200ft

Solution
1- In room
Area of room = 130 X 200 = 26000 ft2
No of Sprinkler = 26000 / 130 = 200 sprinkler
.
2- In operation area
Operation area/area coverage per sprinkler from table of hazard
= 1500/130=11.54 12 sprinkler
.

*
* = =
*
3- Sprinkler in branch of worst area
1.2 A
S

= Number of sprinklers on branch line

1.2 * 1500
= 3.57 = 4 sprinklers
13

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Q gpm = 29.83 C d2 P psi
Where:
d: Sprinkler Diameter in inch.
P psi = Ft (head) X 0.433
C: material of Sprinkler.
We have (C, d) are constant for sprinkler
So we get:
Q gpm = K P psi
K: constant for sprinkler
"PERCENT OF NOMINAL 1/2
DISCHARGE
25
33.3

K FACTOR
1.3 1.5
1.8 2.0

ORIFICE TYPE
Small
Small

50
75
100

2.6 2.9
4.0 4.4
5.3 5.8

Small
Small
Standard

140

7.4 8.2

Large

NOMINAL ORIFICE SIZE

)(IN
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16
1/2
17/32

* K .
*
K=5.65 . K
.
*
7.5 Psi .
Q=AX
Where:Q: minimum flow required
A: area of coverage
: required density

)Tel: (002-01118336760

k
Q gpm = K P psi
.

Pipe Schedule
pipe schedule

:
- .
- .
- .Extra Hazard
.
.
) .(250 psi) (17.2 bar

* ) ( 52000 Ft2 ).(4831 m2

* 100
.Ordinary Hazard

)Tel: (002-01118336760

25000 Ft2 ). (2323 m2

)Tel: (002-01118336760

)Tel: (002-01118336760

: Q diameter

friction losses

4.52Q 1.85
P = 1.85 4.87
C d
Where
p = frictional resistance in psi per foot of pipe
Q = flow in gpm
C = friction loss coefficient
d = actual internal diameter of pipe in inches

)Tel: (002-01118336760

-:
- ) : (
- ) : ( ) (Bl-1 .
- ) : ( q Q .
Q = q in Sp No 1 + q in Sp No 2
- ) : (
.
- ) : ( .
- ) : ( .
- ) : ( .
- ) : ( Pt
Pe Pf .
- ) : (

q =K P
P q .K=5.65

Tel: (002-01118336760)

Step No

For Ordinary Hazard, Group (1), 1500 Ft2

Nozzle
Location

Bl-1

Flow
in
gpm

Bl-1

DN
RN

Cm
to
Bl-2

.
"

1.5"

q=23.2
Q=85.4

Q =85.4

1.5"

2T

Bl-3
to
cm
Cm
to
F.F
UG
Cro
wn
pipe

Q =172

2.5"

Q
=260.4

Q
=260.4

Q
=260.4

2.5"

3"

Pressure
summary

C120

Pt = 11.9
Pe =

T =13
L = 13
F=0

0.124

Pf= 1.6
Pt = 13.5
Pe =

0.125

0.132

Pf= 1.6
Pt = 15.1
Pe =

T =13

Pf= 1.7

L = 20.5
F = 16

Pt = 16.8
Pe =

0.237

T =36.5

Pf= 8.6

L = 10

Pt = 25.4
0.07

Pe =

T =10

Pf= 0.7

L = 10
F=

Pt = 26.1
Pe =

T =10
L = 70
F=

q
=88.4

Friction
losses psi

L = 13
F=0

F=

2"

q = 86.6

Bl-2
to
Bl-3

Equiv.
pipe
length

T =13
L = 13
F=0

q=22
Q=62.2

"

q=20.7
Q=40.2

Pipe
Fitting

q=
Q=19.5

Bl-1

Pipe
size

E
AV

T =70
L = 119
F = 21

GV

T =140

E
GV

L = 50
F =32.2

0.

0.233

0.081

Pf= 1.1
Pt =27.2
Pe =
Pf= 16.3
Pt =43.5
Pe = 6.5

D=0.15
gpm
K=5.65
q=AX =
130X0.15
=19.5
p=11.9
q=
5.65X
13.50.5=20
.7
q=
5.65X
15.10.5=22

q=
5.65X
16.80.5=23
.2
K = 85.4 /
25.40.5 =
16.95

q=
19.95X
26.10.5 =
86.6
q=
19.95X
27.20.5 =
88.4
Pe = 15 X
0.433 =
6.5

Pf= 11.3
C150

Pt =61.3
Pe =

0.061
T =82.2

Normal
pressure

Pf= 5
P t = 66.3

Copper=
21X 1.51
= 32.2

)Tel: (002-01118336760

:
* = .
* =L F
. = T
* q =A X =
0.15 gpm/ft2
q = 130 X 0.15 = 19.5 gpm.
* q = K X (P) 0.5
P = [19.5 / 5.65] 2 = 11.9 psi.
*
psi
30 / 100 X 0.433 = 0.124 psi / Ft
0.124 X 13 = 1.6 psi
* +

Pt2 = 1.6 + 11.9 = 13.5 psi

* q , Q
0.5
q = 5.65 X (13.5) = 20.7 gpm.
Q = 20.7 + 19.5 = 40.2 gpm.
* .
*
T 2 T
. T = 8 Ft

fitting black steel

black steel

)Tel: (002-01118336760

* q = 85.4 p
= 25.4 q, p

k
0.5
K = 85.4 / (25.4) = 16.95
* k = .

* p q Q k
". 2.5

* " 3 fire alarm

90 Pe
.

*
*

Q = 260.4 gpm, P = 66.3 psi

)Tel: (002-01118336760

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)Tel: (002-01118336760

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= .
= ./

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NFBA

)Tel: (002-01118336760

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NFPA

)Tel: (002-01118336760

:
. Fire Pump
. Motor
. Controller
. Suction Connections
. )( Discharge Connections
. Test Line

- Fire Pump

Centrifugal

:
. Horizontal (axial) Split Case Pumps
. Vertical (radial) Pumps
. End Suction Pumps
. Turbine Pumps

)Tel: (002-01118336760

.
Horizontal Split Case Pump
:
- Single Stage Pump
- Multi Stage Pump
:
.
.
:
.

.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

-
Vertical Pump
:
Vertical In-Line Pump
:
.
.
:

.
.

-
End Suction Pump
:
. Flexible coupling pump
. Long coupling Pump
. Vertical Split Case Pump

:

.
.
:

.

-
Turbine Pumps
:
.
.
:
.
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

)Tel: (002-01118336760

:
. )( :Electrical Pump
.
. )( :Diesel Pump

.
. )( :Jocking Pump
* centefigual . head = 30 ft
% .
*
) (
.
* 245 psi psi 240
. psi 230 .
Split case pump
Head & gpm

Pump Selection
250 gpm
4.5 bar
riser 250 gpm 1250 gpm
.1250 gpm
.
-:
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

Q H .
.
Q % H % .
Shut down pressure %
FM & UL
Net positive suction head .psi
. gpm

)Tel: (002-01118336760

*

* At constant impeller diameter

Power1 N 1
=
Power2 N 2

Power1 D 1
=
Power2 D 2

Head 1 N 1
=
Head 2 N 2

Q1 N 1
=
Q2 N 2

* At constant pump speed

3

Head 1 D 1
=
Head 2 D 2

Q1 D 1
=
Q2 D 2

* 1450 rpm

2900 rpm

* )(prv
pressure reducing valve
prv 9 psi 10
- :
-
-
-

-
-

header cavitations
.
:
: Check Valve -
: Gate Valve -
:Flexible Connection -
: Strainer -
:Flow Meter - gpm.
Insulator Rubber

" 2

)Tel: (002-01118336760

NFPA 20 LPC

:
ANSI BS .DIN
UL
FM ULC .
) 1892 /((gpm 500) .

. )
%5 ( 10.

.

.

.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute
BS: British Standard
DIN: German Institute for Standardization
FM: Factory Mutual
ULC: Underwriters Laboratories of Canada
UL: Underwrites Laboratories

:
Pt = P1 + Hf + Hs
:
:Pt
:P1
:Hf
:Hs
NFPA %
% .

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Summery of fire pump data

Summary of fire pump data

)Tel: (002-01118336760

)Tel: (002-01118336760

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Total head of all types of stationary (not vertical turbine-type) fire pumps.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

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- 2 Motor
.
:
:
. Electric Motor
. Diesel Engine
. : Steam Turbine

. Electric Motor

)Tel: (002-01118336760

. )(
) Internal Combustion Engine ( Diesel
*
.
*

.
*
.
*
.

%
:

:
:W ) (
:E 70 % - 60 .
:Q )/(
:P )(

)Tel: (002-01118336760

. Controller
:
- .
- .

*
* .
* .
* .
* )
(.
* .
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

. Suction Connections

:
. .Check valve
. Suction line strainer
. Isolation Gate Valve
. Flexible Connection
.
. Compound Suction Gauge
. Pressure meter

)Tel: (002-01118336760

)Tel: (002-01118336760

- Discharge Connections
:
. Auto air release valve
. Discharge Pressure Gauge %
.
. :Flexible Connection

. )( Pressure relief valve

. Check (non-return) valve
. : Isolation Gate Valve

. Pressure switch

-
:
)( Globe valve
) ( Flow meter

-
:
* .
* .
*
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

==== ====

)Tel: (002-01118336760

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==== ====
*

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==== ====
*

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=== ===

=== === Zone Control Valve

(zone control valve) ZV
cross main riser , branch line
: Gate Valve OS&Y Gate Valve with Temp. Switch

:Pressure Gage . :Water flow Switch . : Glass Valve Test :Glass Tube . :Drain Valve . Drain & Test Valve Valve
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Fire Hose
-:
Hose Reel: - Rubber .

:Hose Rack -
.

1 or 1 100 gpm
4.5 bar 2 250 gpm . 4.5 bar
:
:Exposed - .
:Semi predated - .
:Recessed - .

)Tel: (002-01118336760

) Hose Cabinet (

-
-
-
-
-

.
.
30 Travel Distance
6 .
.
.

Fire Hydrant
30 2.5 4.5 bar . 250 gpm
Dry Riser 4
check Valve Riser Siamese Connection Landing Valve
Siamese Connection

:
.
.
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Water Tank

)Tel: (002-01118336760

3.785
) (Qtot *time
1000
: c
:Qtot )(gpm
:Time

= C

)Tel: (002-01118336760

-:
750 gpm Ordinary Hazard

= C = 750 gpm X 90 min X 3.785 / 1000
Say tank volume equal to = 100 m3

- 60
-
-

-
pressure drop cavitations anti vortex plate
plate 2.5 D
- paddle flange

- .
- " 4 Over Flow alarm
- drain pipe
50 cm X 50 cm 10 cm .
make up pipe -

Vent pipe wire mesh

- Flow Valve
- branch
.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Fire Extinguishers

.
.
Definitions: Class A Fire:
Class B Fire:
Class C Fire:
Class D Fire:
Classification of Hazard:Light: Class A & little of Class B
Ordinary: Class A & B
Extra: Class A & B but with large quantity.

Selection of Extinguishers:
Class A Fire: Water or Dry Chemical
Class B Fire: Foam, FFFP, AFFF, CO2, Dry Chemical.
Class C Fire: Co2, Dry Chemical.
Class D Fire: According to Material & its chap bars or not

Tel: (002-01118336760)

Recommended marking system

Letter-shaped symbol markings

)Tel: (002-01118336760

Fire Extinguisher Size & Placement

.


. Travel Distance


.
A 75 50
. B
:

:
- ) (.
- .
- .
- .
- .
- .
:

NFPA
:
- 40
) (5 ) 150 (.
- 40 ) (
) (3.5 ) 105 (.
- 4 ) 10(.

)Tel: (002-01118336760

:

) (NFPA
:
- : Light (Low) Hazard

: ......

.
- )( : Ordinary (Moderate) Hazard

:
.......
- : Extra (High) Hazard

. :

.
- ) ( A
) :
(
75 .
) (.

) ( )(A

)Tel: (002-01118336760

- 3000 ) 279 (
). ( 2A
- 75
) 75( .
17700 .

11250 ) 1045 ( 106
75 ) 22.7(
) 75( 11250 .

Maximum Area [11,250 ft2 (1045 m2)] that an Extinguisher Can Protect within the Limits of the 75 ft (22.7 m) Radius
)(shown by gray shading

:
) ( .
) (Class A fires
.
:
) (
:
=
): (
)(4 A

) (10 A
) (20 A

)Tel: (002-01118336760

:
~
): (
) ( 2 A
) (4 A
) (6 A

) (

)Tel: (002-01118336760

- B
) ( B :
-
Running
. Fire from Broken Container
.
- ) (
.
) ( ) ( B

ft

5B

30

9.15

10 B

50

15.25

10 B

30

9.15

20 B

50

15.25

40B

30

9.15

80 B

50

15.25

) (B 50

). (A
) (B
.

).(

B 2B
)(

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Pictures and photos

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Tel: (002-01118336760)

Table 1-5.1 Metric Units of Measure

Name of Unit

Unit Symbol

Conversion Factor

Meter

1 ft = 0.3048 m

Millimeter

mm

1 in. = 25.4 mm

Liter

1 gal = 3.785 L

dm3

1 gal = 3.785 dm3

Pascal

Pa

1 psi = 6894.757 Pa

Bar

Bar

1 psi = 0.0689 bar

Bar

Bar

1 bar = 105 Pa

Cubic decimeter

Note: For additional conversion and information, see ASTM E 380,

Standard Practice for Use of the International System of Units (SI).

Tel: (002-01118336760)

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002-01118336760
Eng_abdoo99@yahoo.com

References

NFPA 1: Fire Prevention Code 2000 Edition

NFPA 10 : Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers 2002 Edition
NFPA 13: Installation of Sprinkler Systems - 2010 Edition
NFPA 20: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps for Fire Protection 1999 Edition
National Fire Protection Association: www.nfpa.org
The U.S. Fire Administration: www.usfa.dhs.gov
Reliable: Fire Equipment Company: www.reliablefire.com

www.cd.gov.sa :