MikroTik User Meeting Myanmar 2015

Presenter : Phyo Phyo Hein

i-BEAM ICT Solutions and Network Training Center

I am Phyo Phyo Hein

B.C. Tech (Hons), MTCNA, MTCRE, CCNA, CCNP (R &
S), CCIE (R&S) Written, JNCIA
Working Experience
Training Manager and Trainer in i-BEAM ICT Solutions
since 2008 to Present
Network Consultant (NCS Co., Ltd, SPore) (2010-11)
Network Engineer (Nera Telecommunication) ( 20112012)
Senior Network Engineer/DY Dept Head (Yatanarpon
Teleport, Myanmar in 2012 to 2014)
ISP/Enterprise Solutions Manager (Kinetic Myanmar
Technology) ( 2014- 2015)

Areas of Interest and Expertise

Routing and Switching (BGP, OSPF, MPLS, IPv4, IPv6..etc)

, ISP Network Designing and Operations

Initially found in year 2003, renovated in 2015.

One of the very first ICT Training Centers in Myanmar
Basically we are doing:
MikroTik Certification Training

MTCNA, MTCRE, MTCWE, MTCTCE, MTCUME, MTCINE

MikroTik Products and Solutions

Cisco Certification Training

CCNA, CCNP, CCIE, CCDA, CCDP, CCDEetc.

Linux and Network Fundamentals Training

IT/Network Consultation
ISP Billing Solution
ISP Design & Operations

 Packet

Forwarding from a Source Network to

a destination network through the
Intermediate Systems which are defined as
Routers.
Use Routed Protocols ( IPv4/IPv6) for routing
in Routing Tables.
There are two kinds of Routing Static Routing
and Dynamic Routing.

 To

break the broadcast domains

Fault Domain L2 Broadcast Domains
To increase the network security
To simplifies the network management
To reduce the network traffic..etc
Without router, It is impossible to have
INTERNET ( Biggest WAN ) of the world.

 Destination

Network the targeted network

where the packets want to go.
Gateway the ip address which will be
passed through to the destination network. It
should be same subnet with source network
and It must be REACHABLE.
Administrative distance Trust Worthiness of
a route to install best route in the routing
table.
Scope & Target Scope: Recursive next hop
lookup for gateway which is not directly
connected.

Routing Protocol

Administrative Distance

Connected

Static

RIPv1,v2

90

OSPF

110

IBGP

200

EBGP

20

Lowest AD is the Best (1-255). 255 is the worst. The route with
AD 255 will not be used in RIB.

1.
2.

3.
4.

The Gateway Interface must be up and

Reachable.
The Longest Prefix
The Lowest Administrative
The Lowest Metric

Static Routing

Dynamic Routing

Administrator Manually specify

the route to reach the
destination network thorough a
specific gateway.

The best path are selected

automatically by advertising
network information to each
directly connected neighbors by
using routing protocols

Can choose the fail-over route by Can automatically choose the

adjusting administrative distance alternative best path if the
of the static route.
selected best path is failed. Fail
over route automatically
happened.
Not suitable In Larger Network
and More administrative effort

Simplifies to do the configuration

Should use in single home

network or low bandwidth WAN
Links

Should use in Enterprise/ISP

Large Network.

D
A
C

- Dynamic
- Active
- Connected

/ip route
add dst-address= 192.168.89.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.2

.1/30

.2/30

Wlan 1
192.168.89.0/24

Wlan 1
192.168.88.0/24

192.168.10.0/30

/ip route
add dst-address=192.168.88.0/24 gateway=192.168.10.1

A route is a record for the router to refer about which are the
possible ways to reach a particular network.

RIB is a table in router, which contains list of routes to certain

destination networks.

All routes resulting from dynamic routing protocol calculation.

Networks belong to active connected interfaces.

Static routes that manually configured by administrator.

RIB also contains information about the metric (distance, cost,

hop countetc.) of every route.

Route filtering or redistribution are performed on RIB.

A Active
S - Static

Source protocol
C = Connected
b = BGP
o = OSPF
r = RIP
For example: DAC= Dynamic, Active,
Connected AS= Active, StaticDAb=
Dynamic, Active, BGP

A Active
S - Static

Classless Routing Protocol

Runs over IP Protocol ID 89
OSPFv2 for RFC2328 (IPv4) and OSPFv3 in
RFC5340 (IPv6)
Link State Routing Protocol Build own LSDB and
Updates changes in Topology only by using Link
State Advertisement Packets
Open Standard Dynamic Routing Protocol No
Vendor Specific like EIGRP ( Cisco Proprietary)
Use SPF Algorithm to compute the best path in
Routing Table.
Hierarchical Network Design by Areas

 ABR Area Border Router

IR Internal Router ( Single Area)
ASBR Autonomous System Boundary Router

IR

IR
IR

All other areas must connected to

Backbone area directly or via
Virtual Links.

 Faster

Calculation of Best Path

Easier to manage
Network Scalability
Reduce the routing traffic

 There

are three basic elements of OSPF

configuration:

Enable OSPF instance

OSPF area configuration
OSPF network configuration

[admin@MikroTikR1] /routing ospf instance> add name=default

[admin@MikroTikR1] > ip address

add address=10.255.255.1/32
interface=loopback
[admin@MikroTikR1] > ip address
add address=10.255.255.1/32
interface=loopback
Loopback0 here is the bridge
interface.

 Router

ID must be unique.
Lowest IP address will be automatically
chosen as Router ID

Lowest Logical Bridge interface

Lowest Active Physical Interface

[admin@MikroTikR1] /routing ospf network> add network=192.168.10.0 area=backbone

[admin@MikroTikR1] /routing ospf network> add network=192.168.89.0/30 area=backbone

Neighbor Discovery Hello Packets in Ethernet ( Broadcast MultiAccess)

Multicast
OSPF Network Point to Point Unicast Packets

 Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection (BFD) is basically
a hello protocol to check
bidirectional neighbor
reachability.
It provides sub-second link
failure detection support.
BFD use UDP, DST port
3784, SRC port 4915265535.
BFP need to enable both
sides

 OSPF

Neighbor Table
Adjacency must be formed

Down, init (Hello Packets not seen each other)

Two-Way ( bidirectional communicated by seeing
hellos each other)
Exstart, Exchange, Loading, Full ( DBD Exchange,
Full Full Adjacency has been formed)

LSDB

( Link State Database Table) ( All Link

States and Different LSA from ABR and IR are
in LSDB)
Routing Information Base ( Shortest Path are
selected by Dijkstra and Installed in RIB)

Redistribute Connected
Redistribute Static
Redistribute RIP
Redistribute BGP
as type 2 external cost only
as type 1 external cost + internal
cost

OSPF Filtering can be

done for external networks only.
Ospf-in for all incoming routing updates.
Ospf-out for all outgoing routing updates.

 Broadcast

( Ethernet) DR/BDR Election

Required
Point to Point No DR/BDR Election
Non-Broadcast Multi-Access
Point to Multipoint
( Routing OSPF Interface Network Type)
Broadcast, nbma, point to point, ptmp

 Largest

Priority is the DR
Lowest Router-ID is DR
BROADCAST Need DR/BDR
NBMA Need DR/BDR
Point to Point Does not require DR and BDR
PTMP Does not require DR and BDR

Two Authentication types

- Simple ( clear text)
- MD5

 Must

be in same subnet
Hello Intervals and Dead Intervals must be
the same.
Must be in the same area.
Same MTU size on interface
Must not be passive interface
Same authentication key if authentication is
confiured

 Router

LSA- Type 1
Network LSA Type 2
Summary LSA Type 3,4
External LSA Type 5
NSSA Type 7
Same as Cisco

 MikroTik

Stub Area is slightly different from

Cisco OSPF default Stub Area.
MikroTik Default Normal Stub Area is similar
to Cisco Totally Stub Area.
The Stub Area allows default route only and
it does not allow summary routes ( LSA 3).

Thank You~