I

---
Sukanya: Hi Sumithra? I saw you at Sell All
Super Market yesterday. Busy
buying things?
(Eo Eo Sell All Super Market _

. -?)
Sumithra: Mom was inside. She was buying
provisions. I was waiting outside.
By the by, you know we have
moved. We now live in Gandhi
Nagar.

(tC - .
wait ho. ... od,
x . p D---
o.)
- x, -Eo shift
. move - d.
x -o
We are moving to a new house tomorrow

Shift
Sukanya: My uncle is in Gandhi Nagar too.
Where exactly is your home
there?
( uncle x D----
. O x correct \?)
Sumithra: At 12-14-16 on Nehru Street. It is
to the right of make Money Bank
Ltd., if you stand in front of it. We
live on the ground floor.
(Nehru Street Door No. 12-14-16 .
Make Money Bank - E- E

-j).
Sukanya: Hei, your place is just under my
uncle's. He lives on the first floor.
(O-C uncle x . OC
ground floor, xC I floor).
Sumithra: Happy to know that they are on
the 1st floor just above us. Just
across the road is an ice cream
shop. I think it was your uncle's
son sitting at the back of the shop
and enjoying an ice cream.

(x-\ j -{-- - C. ice cream

shop C. O uncle J s , ice cream shop aE ice
cream A-o)
\ prepositions -E-:
Eox preposition ,
. Eg: at the back of.
-- conversation prepositions:
at, inside, outside, in, to the right of, on,
under, above, across, at the back of.
-O--E position (-- h/ E

) ---E ----E --C-- --o. -p- J-Eo N-:

at: -d . in =
1. I saw you at the Super Market
Super Market _
-d Super Market _- ().
In the Super Market = Super Market
I was at the Super Market from 5 p.m. to
6 p.m.
The goods in the Super Market are
expensive.
j ux at , in -E-.
5 * 6 Super Market

o, h- .
Goods in the Super Market
Super Market E h-.
x School o
The children are at school.
x x Class o
The children are in class.

--C 4 -d- 2005

There are four hundred pupils in the school

school - --- C x--o.
2. inside o in o .
inside v-- - n
hC. in E n.
Pranav: Where are your friends?
Prabhat: They are in the car. Look inside
and you will see them. They were
outside the car till ten minutes ago.
(Car o. , x

-Eh.C EN- -- x
-o)
3. above = j.
The government has the duty to see that
every person has a roof above their
head.

vA-Jj p x
vy NC
(vA--J E Lp--)

-u j po -x --E,
-.
a) O x a?

'by'

Did you come by car?

b) bus -- a-. He came by bus
by train, by plane, by ship
c) - K a

-.. move
The goods came
by lorry.
Top (p)
E

-x--- 42
The fan is just above you
Fan correct - -F j C.
'above' h-/ E-
above your head - , fan

j. fan
S

E. --Ej - S C 'above'.
--E-j -E , C
'on'.
Pen, table O C
the pen is on the table.
Table O lamp C
There is a lamp above the table.
( table O light -x lamp table

j C).
'On' J* u-i N. n j, O -- -Eo- 'on'
--. , n 'in' -.
English - , --E
-sx 'on' hC.
eg:
a) d-- Eo train ---o
I first met him on a train. (In a train )
b) G- -
His name is not on the list.
c) team o? Is he on the team?
d) x x C The house is on fire.
e) Plane 50 C v---o
There are fifty passengers on the plane.
f) d =
His name is not on the row.
N spoken English vh -LqN.

-v-o:

Have
form

- -
'on' hC.
on
cycle,
on
scooter, on bike,
on camel, on elephant on horseback.
4. under, below:

M. SURESAN

- n C.
x d a-o
They sat under a tree.

( d t x-j o)
From the helicopter, the minister saw
below him the areas under water
Helicopter * vA- h Fx-C

v- -E-.
Correct E- - under.
-E -\-- below.
From the window of the II Floor, he saw
below a man or the road.
Road E-o Correct
- . - \ level h

.
C :
The ground floor is under the first floor.
(ground floor h - C)
5. Across = --L-.
My home is across the road from the bank
Bank * road --L- -x.
C- --L -j = across the river.

- -j * -j =
across the sky.

ing form C . Has ing

?
d -J --%g, j--
----: Has C He, She, It
(L-T--, A,
n). Have C Verb form.
E v ing hC. Has
. - He, She, It
Speak verb speaks C. p ing form speak
v . Speaks
speaking . Have
He, She, It has .
Speaks ing a-d has
ing a. talk. Talk- He,
She, It talks -C. ing form
talk hF talks a .

-v-o:
----:

The plane flew at great speed across the

sky
plane - -j *

-j -R}C.
6. at the back of = --j
(back side -, backside

n -,

E)
--p-

class j a-
He always sits at the back of the class.
Bus ao v -

~ --o.
The passenger at the back of the bus were
safe.
at the back of the room = C -
behind the room = C
some one at the back of the hall was
shouting
Hall - -h-o.
There is a tap behind the hall
Hall - C. ( Hall )
Practice the following aloud in English.
a) Stella: O Eo Card B-?
Nikhila: Eo - } . j---

o.
Stella: O-\--?
Nikhila: -o---, M- O-C .
Stella: O - road --L-j
-School C-?
Nikhila: . E - x.
Stella: O application O
d. Yours faithfully
E-. Application -j.
ANSWERS:
Stella: Didn't you (Did you not) take your
ration card yesterday?
Nikhila: I was out of town yesterday
(Out of station ).
I was in Hyderabad.
Stella: Where do you live?
Nikhila: In Governorpeta; in / on Alibaig
Street
(Road , Street in, on j)
Stella: Isn't there a School across the
road from your place?
Nikhila: Yes. My home is just opposite
the school.
Stella: Please sign on this application,
below the 'yours faithfully' line. on
the right side.

'Over', 'above'

u N? -s C L?
-.-.- -v-, -l-, -Pa----J ->-x
Prepositions Over, above - F j n -a.

1) Our class room is above / over your class room.

b) My father wants to have two roomed portion above / over the first floor.
-x above, over j -a.
ii) He is over 35 years of age but looks younger.

( q 35 }- \--, *o -Eh.)
\ over v . Above .
iii) -L j o-p Over .
He jumped over the wall. ( OC . \ above )
iv) u, s, time -o \ E p--E over .
The book costs over Rs. 300 = h K . 300o \.
He waited over three hours = --o \ wait .
There are over 30 students = 30 students o \ o.

---
Rama Rao: What are your College hours?
College
Prakash: Our College works from 9 to 3.30.
We go for lunch between 12.30
and 1.30
College 9

(O

E-- ?)

(
* 3.30
E--hC. 12.30, 1.30 u
h)

Rama Rao: When do you usually start for

college?
college

(O *
p ----?)

Prakash: Because our Classes begin at

9.00 in the morning, I usually start
about 8.30, as it takes around half
an hour for me to reach college. I
am at college by 8.55. But why
are you asking me all the these
questions?
(Classes 9

v -
d, - 8.30
v ----. College
--E _ _ - C. -i 8.55 xcollege . vo-Fo
---o?)

Rama Rao: I am from the RTC. We are

gathering information to plan
our bus services to suit students needs. When does the
college usually reopen after
summer vacation?
RTC

(
* h-o.
Nu-n --- --
Bus services
---E
- -J-ho. N
yCollege
p -h?

Prabhakar: Usually in June, on the 3rd

Monday
June

(-
-)

Rama Rao: For howmany days does the

college work in a year?
College

( -q-,
V E--hC?)

Eo

Paul: For about 180 days, without counting

exam days
(exams

V
180 V)
j ---E Prepositions -E-.

from, to, between, about, around, by, at

after, in, on, for.
Prepositions
Time
Prepositions
Time

O -E j
Fo
(--E) -C-*
E. jFo
,
V, , -q, uC L
h-o !
at (9.00 in the morning), about (8.30),
around (half an hour), after (summer vacation), in (June), on (the 3rd Monday), in (a
year), for (howmany days) brackets
time expressions
prepositions of place and position -

\
! -E O-

oN
Eo-E

vo: what does he think of himself? E a.

about himself

--?

v-- E/ h- o-x LN .
J-Eo prepositions of time l.
Naresh: what is the last date for the submission of application?
(Application submit

-Lq *-J-

C C?)
Narayana: On or before the 15th of next
month. we issue applications
upto the 28th of this month.
Applications will be available
even after that date till the 30th
of this month, but we charge a
late fee of Rs 5 per day. We
have been selling applications

since the 5th. Our Office is open

from 10 AM to 5 PM, and applications are issued during that
time.
Prepositions of time
before (the 15th), upto (the 28th of this
month), till (the 30th), Since (the 5th), during
(that time).
Prepositions of time

---E

(E-. last week exam first

mark *aC. ---C o-\
\ --J)

(
\- h.
AJ-T-h)
l

uC h-u-- n
.

-x--- 43

p
l?

1. at: Our classes begin at 9

classes

(9
v-)
*a- j E --o-p
time at hC.

There are 30/ 31

days in a month.

( 30/
V)

EN,
EN- y F _-)

31

There are only 28/ 29

days in February.
(February

28/ 29
V .)

He came back in ten minutes.

10 EN-- (C EN--
) AJT a.
It'll be ready in a week's time.

M. SURESAN

At 4 PM, at 9.30, at half past ten (10.30), etc.

days
2. on: On
dates

p,
V) ,
.

( x,
(D)

uC

The Government came to power in 2004.

preposition

J* -N--J--
N.--- - V, j--

He agreed to stay for another day

V---E p--o.
She agreed to the proposal

vA-- p-C.
I agree with you that he is the best player

E U--J-h-o/ F --N-h-o.

There are 12 months in a year

C -E ( V C) j C.

'in'

The police were able to catch the killer in a

day

just a week
(Teacher h chapter
Jh)
u-C N, -
J -- \ -sx
Manoj: Why are you so happy, Mohan?

(, - o
?)
Mohan: Why not? I got the first mark in last
week's exam. The first time I

iv) Join a college/ a group/ a course join

preposition
v) attend =
attend college/ class/ marriage etc.
attend to =
My Father is attending to the repairs of our house.

- -sx

.
--
j u- .

( E ---o)
attend on = -, A-- -u
a) Please attend on the guests
(Gusets
b) When I was ill my sister attend on me.
sister
Letter writing
"Thanking you"
Thank you

-)

vo:

F,

F .

scored so high in a year.

(-h-E M- \--V d---L-.)

(-q-),
hC.
)

Important: every, next, last, that, this

in
on
Shops are closed every Sunday
(on every Sunday
He comes here next Monday
(on next Monday
He was here last Saturday
(on last Saturday
I'll begin it this Monday
(On this Monday
He didn't see her that day (on that day
in
The tournaments will begin next June
(in next June
)
She met him last December
(in last December
They go to Kashmir every May
(in every May
Vocabulary
(Pronunciation)
1) Charming =

(-q- 12 --)
uC(Period of time) *---E
.

(-, Eo--V?)
what does he think

The teacher finished the whole chapter in

Suseela: When are you leaving for

Hyderabad?
Suguna: On Sunday, that is, on the 4th.
Suseela: When is the interview?
Suguna: On Monday. I will be back here
on the 6th, that is, on Tuesday
3. in: Months
years
(duration)
IN
Pranav: I will be in Kashmir in June.
(June Kashmir
Paul: For how long?

(),

My sister was born in 1999. (1999

(2004

IN

Kumar: (Over to phone) Where are you

Krishna? I am waiting for you
Krishna: Sorry, I'll be with you in five minutes.
(sorry,

Our College closes for the day at 4

(-T- college --C.)

\ -E-. l, v
time E *---E spoken English,
Conversation AM, PM .
conversation in the morning, in the evening etc., . Purely official spoken/ written form v AM,
PM.

-sx of, about -E

-a. Think of, think about correct.
ii) Prepositions J* N-Jh-o.
iii) agree with = uh --N-.
agree to = E-j p--

best player

Pranav: My friend will join me there in July.

Together we will return in August.
friend
July
August

AM, PM -p-?..

i)

-- 6 -d- 2005

( ---p
-C)
*
. C j,
N-J---.
N.%-g-Jh, N--
: j correspondence , letter * thanking you/ Thank you
--. E C h-- C -
JC. British correspondence Thanking you .

)
C
.
Fo - L-N.
N = -{---i
C - a; v-h a;
E-, h- -a.
a) She is very Charming in that dress.
dress
b) He was Charming towards us

-{-- C)

( x--- o)
() = - -.

2) Chase
a) The tiger chased the deer.

(L > --C)
b) The police were chasing the thief.

(--M- -- f)
(v \ 'v,
Bank ba -L)=

3) Drag

i) He dragged the boy into the room

(C- )
ii) She dragged him into the quarrel

-E x TC.
iii) The movie dragged on

E -D-

---
Ravi: Hi Rahul, going somewhere?
(

- - , -\-j- -o-?)

Rahul: I am on my way to class.

(Class
Ravi: So early?
(
Rahul: Yes. Our Classes are in the morning
from 7.
Classes
Ravi: But I saw you at the temple on the
morning of the 15th.
(15

--o)

l-o?)
(

-)

K l Eo
J)

8 -d- 2005

a) We have classes in the morning everyday

except on the morning of Sunday.
b) The accident took place in the evening, it
was on the evening of last Saturday, the
29th.
Kumar: How do I go to Learnwell College
from here?
Learnwell College

(\--*
}L?

Kamala: You have been here for the past 15

days. Strange that you don't know
the way yet.
15

(y V- \-o ?
J L---- N*-v)

c) During this period he has changed a lot

Officer:

When did you take your degree?

-V- -- in.. on

Rahul: Yes. The 15th was a Saturday. We

did not have classes on the morning
of Saturday.
(15
classes
Ravi: You were planning to go home,
when are you leaving?

Officer:

( }----o , p
--o?)
Rahul: Yes, on the evening of the 25th

(, 25 v)
Ravi:

How do you spend your evenings?

(F -v h?)
Rahul: Usually I go for a long walk in the
evening

(v u - -)
\ Prepositions -E. in (the
morning), on (the morning of saturday), in
(the evening), on the (the evening of the
25th) etc.
lesson
Prepositions of time.
1) at,
time
2) on, days and dates

C
-- --*a
E L
oC..
,
;
3) in, months and years E. 4) in,
uC (a period of time) L
.
'In' (Parts of the day)
.
In the morning, in the evening, in the
after noon, in the night or at night.
Krishna: When do you get up?

(F p Ev h?)
Kesav: At 5 in the morning

( C-)
Krishna: When do you usually have lunch?
(Lunch
Kesav: In the afternoon between 1.00 and
1.30

p h?)

(uo 1, 1.30 u)
-E-. (Parts of the day)
in - , morning, evening
etc., 'the' p hC. (In the morning, in the evening etc.)
lesson
conversation
a) In the morning; On the morning of
Saturday
b) In the evening; on the evening of the 25th.
morning, evening
parts of the
day
in
morning,
evening
on

-E-.

hC. V
D
op hC.

--

V-
*
Vx

hC.
(C V-)

* E.
*)
a) India has been independent for the past
58 years.
b) India has been independent since 1947
a) b)
a)

u- n .
o-x yv-- o
-C.
b) p--* y-v o
-C .
Period of time 'for',
point of time ( */ V */
-q *) o-p since L.
Since the vedic times ( *)
x)

*-

----J-

a) I have not met him for the past/ the last

four years and ten months

--x C- -E ---.
b) I have not met him since January 2000
January 2000

* --E ---.

2002 x
E--C.

teacher

She worked as a teacher for about/

around two years till 2002.
c) We reached home (at) about 1.30

(2002 -x- teacher

o. p--* Software
Programmer o (p-
--/ )
During your period as Software

Bhaskar: How long were you there yester-

Programmer what computer

day?

skills have you used?

(Eo y \ ---o?)

(Software Programmer

o ,
computer skills O ?)
for, since, during prepositions of
time -. u since --p
p verb, have been/ has

Bhavan: For over an hour (= for more than

an hour =

--j).

Bhaskar: When did he come?

( p--a?)
Bhavan: It was over five when he came.

been; have + past participle/ has + Past par-

( a--J 5 C.)

ticiple form

. -
j * p-----F, EF n
d.
a) Delhi has been the capital of India since
the time of the Pandavas

Corrections:
:
Spoken English 43


Column
line
prepositions of place and position-

(- * - Mx --E
C E .)
b) India was under the British rule during the

( o --p*).

( -E
---o.)

b)

1.30 .
j expression- 6 O' Clock, 5.30, 2.00
(AM/ PM)- O- time E
p--E at about . at C-
about -.
period of time 'over' h j
E n.

Software Programmer.

(J --Vx y N?)

(v 6.30, v)

Since then I have been a

Kumar: During these five days I have been

busy buying books, clothes etc.
prepositions of time: for,
since, during.
for the past 15 days - 15
Since last Sunday - last sunday
During these 5 days 'for'
period of time
for an
hour, for a day, for 10 days
.
since
since 1999 (1999
since he last saw me

for the past last five thousand years

(5000
I met him last in 2000 Jan
2000

What have you been doing

upto 2002.

Kamala: And what have you been doing

during the 5 days?

C?)

I was there for about half an hour.

(p * Since then
O h-o?)

Officer:

begin

(p T-C?)
Koushik: Around 8. (8, v)
About, Around, prepositions of
time, , n time L - .
a) \ - o

Candidate: I was a teacher for two years

(.
\ M. SURESAN
C-
oC. 5 V)

Kushal: When did it end?

since then?

-x--- 44
Kumar: No, not 15
days. I have
been here only
since
last
Sunday. Only
5 days.

(Meeting

Koushik: (At) about 6.30 in the evening

(O vU p B--o?)

Candidate: In April 2000 (April 2000

D E-. --V l
)

Kushal: When did the meeting begin?

( -x- J--)

18th, 19th and part of the 20th Centuries

(18, 19

-l, 20 l --
British - C.
- about, around, prepositions of
time - o.

(6.9.2005 -*)

*, *J
''O-EoF
v-- E/ h- o x
L-N E *aC.
''O-Eo-E Prepositions of time E
---L.
Last Column 5 j Kumar: (Over to
Phone) (Over Phone) E L.
C Vocabulary o Line
''Fo - L-N ''O
No. 1) Eo, No. 2) and 3) -
LN E ---L.

vo: Active Voice, Passive -C* doubt C. I shall do my

home work
passive
Passive voice

C. E I shall go to market..
. N? N-J-.
N.-N, -Lx, K-- >x
: I shall go to market- verbs (go - \ shall go) passive
. verb -JE, EE E vo - - a
-s- v passive C.
Shall go- \ go } -JE }, EE } E vo
- - . d passive .
'do' EE - C d E passive
C.
vo: Tx- j p--p O' clock E . d Clock v --a-!
.x, Cl-
: O' Clock of the clock. Of the clock E C* p, - O' clock. \
apostrophe (') C- lEo *-hC. d clock n . h- -
v O' clock . 7.25 O' clock .

u-

---
Subhash: Hi pranav, How are you getting
along?
Pranav:

O fine. How is it with you?

Subhash: Fine too, thanks. Where in the

work have you been? Ages since
we met.

(- \--o. -E ----xC).
-Fo vo.
Pranav: I was in Bangalore for a month
from Aug. 1st to/ till Aug 31st, and
then in Chennai from Sept. 1st to/
till Sept 6 th, and since then here.
(Bangalore

-, Chennai
Sept. 6 th . p--* \)

Subhash: Happy you are back, and in a

good shape too. You remember

--C 11 -d- 2005

Pratibha: When is he here everyday?

Prabha: He is here from morning 9 till
evening 5.
Pratibha: Is he here upto 5?
(5 ?)
Prabha: He is here until 5 everyday.

(vA-W 5 --\)
' n to, upto, till, until Fo
. spoken English to, till
\.
Sriram: Raghu, for how long has your sister
been here?
Raghu: for the past five days, since the 4th of
this month.
from , since : 'from' -u

* ,
expressions . since

p--- prepositions
position and time --o.

ANSWERS:

of place,

a) Our office is on the 2nd floor. It is just

Now practice the following sentences/

conversation aloud in English.
a) Office -h C. C
-h-E fancy shop j C.

above the fancy shop on the first floor.

b) Sunil: Where is the book?
Anil: In the shelf.
Sunil: I thought it was in the box. I

my cousin Harsha? He is here

now. He has been here since the
last Saturday. He will be here
upto the end of this month.

(y u AJT *a--
. - ->- { h-o-?
---Ep- -\- --o- -- --E --*. - --- -
---)

till.. until..
searched inside the box.
b) Sunil:

Pranav: What does he do here until then?

(-- \ h?)

-x--- 45

Subhash: He is attending coaching classes

for ICET.

(\ ICET Coaching B--o)

Conversation E prepositions: of,
from, to, since, till, until, upto.

--J from '*

* F, to
E.
'from-to' h---
n: / V/ / / q * (from) / V/ /
/ -q (to) E.
Sukanya:

What are your college hours?

(O

College

--N-?)

Ramakanth: Our College works from 9 am

He was teacher here from 2003 to 2004

( past)
b) \ -Lq period 2004 * 2006

to 4 pm.

( College 9 *
E--hC)
Sukanya:

-. / K/ /
/ -q * p- - - , n . * -
,
* present (v h- ) - - ,
* future
- j , future *
- j from v to .
a) 2003* 2004 \ teacher
o.

Do you have classes upto?

(-O
?)

Classes

Ramakanth: Except on Saturdays when the

College works until 2 pm.

(\ E-p V 2)
--: from time/ day/
week/ years etc., --* --E. To
time/ day/ week/ years etc., - E.
p--p to , till
-, n.

Her period/ tenure here is from 2004 to

2006.
(from the past to the future)
c) Cricket matches 2005 December *
2006 January .
The Cricket matches are from Dec 2005 to
January 2006. (Both future)
Since: Past time * (from some time
- - - --E in the past) p
LqC Since v . from - .
My sister has been here since 2004 February.
(2004 February * sister \ C)
- She has been here from 2004

-v-o: 1. O

A, An J* *a N- Jh .
- -Eo -s-x capital letters *a--p a -. : A Union, A European, A

One-way traffic etc.,

2. Mother loves her child wrong
widest sense
article
beautiful
All Roses
rose

o. E

. : Rose is
o-p
E n. A rose

-C ! -p- Eo Roses
-i-N E n-. DE J* Jh N-
--y-.
3. Water uncountable plural - s
o. E hC. Deep waters, Troubled
waters E ! N-J-.
4. I get up at 6 a.m. o-p Everyday E \--. C habitual everyday E -. N--J--.
-N.-N.-..-, -N---o

h \C?
Anil: shelf
Sunil: d
--o.
-
-A.
M. SURESAN
Anil: shelf F
note book O C.
Sunil: Eo--* E- -A.
c) Prabhat: match \ J-TC?
Prakash: college play grounds
Prabhat: p J-TC?
Prakash: Eo l - j NtC- --C.
Prabhat: Sunday morning Match
?
Prakash: Matches Fo mornings J-.
Sunday morning J-T match
interesting C.
d) Suseela: E-\ 2003 * o. \J v Charminar j
x. CT a-p

--.
Sucharita: F , F
Eo---E?
Suseela: v \ j C.
Sulekha C.
control -o.
Sucharita: -p J-TC?
Suseela: January v.
C-.

---: 1. A, An J* -N--J-*- -s- \

Capital letters

a/ an ---E-F,
EF .
2. countable, singular \ o E a/ anF,
-sEo d 'The' F ---. Mother loves her
Child p. 'mother' countable singular .
A/ an ' n , 'any' E, 'all' F
no . Generalise --p A mother
loves her child . E n every mother E, - 'any mother' E. -F mother E .
'A dog is a faithful animal' o-p A dog = all animals of the species ( A n hC). O-ox,
Countable singular, Widest sence A/ an EC \
'Man' N-- . eg: Man is mortal: Man proposes,
God disposes. Nx *a article
-Lq . 'Rose' is beautiful - p. A rose
(any rose/ every rose) is beautiful - correct. 'A/

(search for =

-)

I looked for it inside the box.

Anil: It is on the notebook in the shelf.
Sunil: I have searched for it since yesterday.
c) Prabhat: Where did the match take
place?
(take place =

--)

Prakash: On our college playgrounds.

Prabhat: When?
Prakash: It began at 7 in the morning
yesterday and was over by 9
Prabhat: Was there a match on Sunday
morning too?
Prakash: All matches were in the morning. But the match on Sunday
morning was very interesting.
d) Suseela: I have been here since 2003
but

have

been

up

the

Charminar only once. While

coming down I almost fell.
(almost =

Sucharita: Was there none before you

and behind you to stop you?
Suseela: Supriya was far above me,
and sulekha far below me. I
controlled myself somehow.
(far =

(\) )

Sucharita: When did this happen?

Suseela:

On a January evening, on a
Sunday.

an'
The rose (all flowers of the rose species)
is beautiful
'Rose' is beautiful
Rose
Oxford/
longman's/ Collins Dictionary/ any standard grammar book.
plural form
3. Waters
(Eg: The waters of the Krishna (river).
Water
Water dissolves salt.
Waters
uncountable.
4. I get up at 6 AM
every day

-,

j L.
d
--C -t j p. (.

n C-/ -v-E
Fx E.
F} -J-* x---p
.
-p-
.
C p
o-p
-\--. d.
F - p .
'How often do you go there?' o vo vA-W
h E -.
I go there every day. \ everyday p .
I go to bed at 10 every night. \ every night
---E, p.

---
Janaki: Jamuna, Who are you looking at?

---- 13 -d- 2005

Jumping into the river

Walk into my place at midnight and I shall be
happy to invite you with a cup of coffee or tea

C- =
(, -JE/ -J-j h-o?)
Jamuna: The man walking across the road
and turning towards the bank
building. He is going into the bank
now.
(Road bank building j
-ho -E. -E-p bank

h-o)
Janaki: He is turning to the left in the bank
now. Is that the man? Why are you
interested in him?

(p-- u --j A--o. -? J* -

h?)
Jamuna: Don't you remember? The other
day he jumped into the river to
save my drowning cousin, that five
year old Ramesh

y l--v- -. p -F -F F y -!
-J-j %---y- ''F
--- Eq-- a -E
.
Into - j E---Eo *hC. C u -- hC.
He is into business

u h-o
software (computers) E--hC
She is into software.

-q u v-G. p ho L-
He was into dairy last year. No idea what he
is now.
into
opposite.
4. Out of: C

E - .

prepositions -.
past uh-E-E, v-EoE
}, \*/ -j *
}.
post office x
\

past, off

He is now past the post office.

p \-*/ o x
He has just walked past me.

take off your...

(h-? V cousin, x
v E-T-- C-
~-)

(' -* n
C)

-x--- 46

Janaki: Yes, I remember. Really brave

( h-*aC. E ju-h)
Jamuna: I wish to go to him and thank him
( _--R} thanks p--C)
Janaki: He is out of the bank now and walking away very fast.
( bank --*a, y

h-o)
Janaki: He is already past the 'tiffin centre'.
We shall not be able to reach him. It
is too late. And walking through this
crowd will delay us.
(p- centre Rx--

. -E -- d .
p- u C. -*
- u -C)
---E prepositions: at, across,
towards, into, to, outof, past, through
prepositions Eo-F prepositions of
direction . OE directions

(C\) -- .
1. across:

-- lessons across the road

-sx 'across' -, --Lj E --o. \ across
(walking across o-p) f E.
f , -E K C
While he was walking across the road, a
lorry knocked him down
(while crossing the road E -a)
Sailing across the sea in a rudderless boat is
foolish

(\E E -vEo N-)

(rudder = \E)
2. Towards/ to:
police j

h-o,

C
The policeman is coming towards to me. I'm
(I am) afraid
\ to = towards = J/ v j
Walk across the sands towards the shore,
you will find the blue water of the sea

B-j R F -vE FL-Fx

E--h.
The arrow points to the north

h h C\ -hC.
3. Into: Into - E.
Bank h-o
He is walking into the bank.

Ramesh: Have you seen Manyam?

(u o E-- F?)
Naresh: I saw him coming out of the home
and getting into an auto. Perhaps
he has gone to the doctor. (
* *a Auto
x . doctor _-

x-?
Ramesh: Why doctor?
(Doctor _ ?)
Naresh: Don't you know? He isn't (is not) yet
out of his fever. Add to that his boss
is troubling him a lot.

(O L-? - y *
----. E (Add to
that) x boss -E sC
--o)
Ramesh: Why doesn't he get out of the job?
( job * -----/ C-

L--d--?)
N 'out of' n, ---.
5. Past - }.
Anwar: I saw you hurrying past our shop
this morning. Where were you
going?

(--y l -N-
* /shop }
. \- h-o?)
Aswin: My uncle was coming by the 7 AM
train- I was rushing to the station to
receive him.
( uncle 7 AM train h-o.
o receive ---E station

-N- })
Anwar: Is he here now?

( p\-o?)
Aswin: No, he got off the train, and drove to
the college. He is delivering a lecture
there.
( train CT \ college R}-. -\-- lecture h-

o)
Anwar: You are still on your bike. Get off it
and have some tea with me.
(--y bike O o. CT
h tea )

By the time he joined us,

we were past our school

L---p-
school R}.
6. Off:
preposition M. SURESAN
n - *
CL R}--.
Sankar: (On the bus = bus) Hi Sanjeev,
where are you going?
Sanjeev: To Nampalli station, where are you
going?
Sankar: I am getting off the bus at Abids. I
am going my aunt's, half a kilometre off Tilak Road.

( G-q CT--o. \-* Tilak Road -O-

o Aunt
ho.)
(off \ away from E).
Sanjeev: Your top shirt button has come off
your shirt.
(F shirt button, shirt *

a-C)
Off uses .
a) Take off your feet from on the table
Table O-* F (x) B.
b) Police driving license B-o
The police have taken off his driving
license.
c) -\ p team
Tendulkar is off the team.
d) E-x villain v ,

*-
Though he acts the roles of villain on the
screen, he is a fine gentleman off the
screen
e)

Off the screen she is not so glamourous, I

mean off her make up (Make up )
- x off = away from ( -

* ) E.
7. Through: n '
a) Bhaskar: Where is the manager's
room, please?
Receptionist: Please pass through
the door on the left and
then turn left
(-- y
Rx Sx left A-)

b) As the train went through the tunnel, it

became suddenly dark
Train /* x-p,

\--J <-j--C.
c) Chandan: Did you get your favourite
hero's autograph yesterday?
(--E-o O G- autograph B-o?)
Chandra: No, It was impossible to push
my way through the crowd to
get to him

(* -E _ x- u )
d) Please pass the thread through the eye
of the needle.

( C- \-.
Eye of the needle= C- )
e) Bhagavan: When am I getting the
money?

( s-p- --hC?)
Brahman: Tomorrow. I will send it
through Vishnu.

( Ng y -h)
Bhagwan: Why through Vishnu? You
yourself give if to me.

(Ng y/ - ?y
y)
Now practice the following in English:
Prabhakar: \-o* h-o?
Pramod: p train C. Chennai *

h-o.
Prabhakar: v C?
Pramod: v - v.

v Ev----. Ev -J train L C.

Answers:
Prabhakar: Where are you coming from?
Pramod: I have got off the train just now;
from Chennai.
Prabhakar: How was the journey?
Pramod: The Journey the whole night was
through rain. I slept through the
journey. The train was past Tenali
When I got up.

-v-o: Says

Rakhi, designer, "since I was

walking on footpath the offender could
not get too close to me. So he caught
hold of my duppatta and almost choked
me. The incident left an ugly scar on my
neck.
eve teasers
English daily
since
example sentence

h
J*

*a-C.
n, -
p.
y.
-.--, ----T-J, --_- ->-x

---:

i) \ since because (-x). since

I was walking on the foot path - foot
path O -ho--x E. (Since it is
raining, I want an umbrella- {- -h-o--

x L.)
-j- N foot path, platform
. C j English . Road
-j- N Pavements. American
English sidewalk.
iii) Eve teasers - English .
ii) Road

---
Murali: Hi! Manoj, what brings you to this

15 -d- 2005

Doesn't he (does he not) appear to be

office again?

above 40?

(- --- , Sx
--a?)

office

c)

Manoj: I've (I have) come for my service cer-

35 x l-x Government jobs

|--
Those above 35 years of age are not

tificate.

qualified for govt. jobs

( service certificate a.)

-x
-a.

Murali: How long did you work here?

(y E---N-\?)
Manoj: I joined here at the

age of 20 and

above

over

Those above 35 = Those over 35

3.

left at the age of 23. That means 3

years. To be exact it is a little over
three years.

- \ = below
i) x \ -- -o x-
v h
We give this medicine only to children

(E-\ 20 . 23 -R}-. x. correct

x Cl j)

below the age two.

ii) -

(Sorry, , Nt-x q, I Class * V Class C

x v)
! Prepositions of age:
a) at the age of/ at a young age/ at an old

q 20 x- \

age/ at the proper age

He is below 20

b) Jagdeesh: F

_ | ?
(| = eligible,
_- = participate/ take part,
= competition/ contest)
Suma: 20, 30 x u x v C.
Jagadeesh: F | C ?

Murali: Murthy has also left us. isn't he (is he

not) the same age as you?

He left school at..

(Jh office CL
Rx. F
?)
Manoj: No, I am 23 now, and he is above 24.
He is atleast a year older than I.
What about you?

(. -j-x. - -j
---x \. F -N-?)

iii) -

--q
20 x-

Murali: I am under twenty one. I am slight-

business

Suma:

-v-G-*--p

-x--- 47

He was below twenty (years of age)

ly, that is, just a few months over 20.

when he started his business.

(-j--\-x- \. 20 x
Eo \)
\ prepositions : at (the age of),
above (24), under (20), over (20) ---E-
. prepositions Fo- -q
-C-* -sx . d OE
prepositions of Age .

iv)

\ below under -a.

(below = under \)
v) 14 x- \ -- x- - x-d---.

- -q-/ --- --p/ o--/-o-x-p O- C p-o

- at .
a) 16 x school C-L--d.

4.

- u =

age

-- --q j
(-x more

between

ANSWERS

Parent: Will you let my daughter participate in the competition

she in?

she got married at 22/ at the age of 22

(-?

class

-a).
c) below/ under

- .
)
d) between = -q- u.
(Less than/ lower than

( tE -_E-h?)

22 -}-C.

NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:

a) Pavan: y

C?)

at a young age/ at an old age/ at the

proper age
2.

- j = above
a) 60 x j--- ---x senior citizens
people above 60 years of age are
senior citizens.

class.

(-x-o \. - --A
----C)
(above ten/ over ten/ ten plus)
Teacher: I'm sorry. This competition is
nine years of age, that is, for
pupils of I class to V class.

--?

-v-o: 1) I' asked him not to N?Sentence * not to

-s ?
2) What the postman must do is provide the address-

- n-N-?
do - is -s hC?
-G.--, -Nu--, --_- ->-x
---: 1) 'I asked him not to' -j j h-E
, l E n.
A: He said he would complain to the police.
B: I asked him/ told him not to.
( Police complaint y--lE p, E)
2) What the postman must do is Postman -
E n. What the Postman must do is provide the
address = Postman -Lq-- address y-. D
Dn. C -s do is hC.
What you must do (now) is, study well and get good marks
Ny-p- -Lq-x CN marks a---.

-v-o:

Ravikanth: To my uncle.
Pavan: Your uncle? He appears to be
below 25 years. Is he older than
you by two or three years only?

x---o

Ravikanth: Don't be silly. I am 20 years

-u
Pavan: O u? 25 x- ---
-Eh-o-. F x
l?
Ravikanth: *a--*a x-.
j. 35 - \.
Pavan: ----ox --.
Ravikanth: *o---- foreign
x. Last week AJ--a.

Pavan: He doesn't (does not) look his

-J

Old. He is above 35.

Ravikanth:

for children between five and

40 x- l-- -E--

a) Pavan: Who were you talking to?

()

Parent: She is ten plus. she is in VI

l/- -j

M. SURESAN

than so many years

Teacher: How old is she? which class is

at 16 years of age.

b) -

b) above/ over a certain

boys or girls under 14

He left school at 16/ at the age of 16/

c) *o/

-q-/ ,
*o/ --l/ --j
-.

Nobody shall appoint for any work

1. at (the age of)

b)

15 x x- D E
This movie is not for those below 15

30 x -E p--E
---o?
Jagadeesh: Sorry, F 30 x- o.
c) Naresh: Hi, Ajitha, -?
Ajitha: - .
Naresh: u! -q?
Ajitha: l---- E--.
E . - 78
x. d--p- - 55
xj. t-t 50 .
Naresh: --
-- o !

age
Ravikanth: He went abroad at a very
young age. He returned only
last week.
b) Jagadeesh: Are you eligible to participate in the competition?
Suma: It is only for those between 20 and
30 (years of age)
Jagadeesh: Then you are eligible

I Know her (A.V.)

She is Known by me (P.V.)
She is known to me (P.V.)
A.V. P.V.

Suma: Do you want to make me say that

I am above 30

or

j u-- E --Jh u
-?-N--J--.
N

Jagadeesh: Sorry, I thought you were

Correct?

The Water fills the tank (A.V.)

The tank is filled by the water (P.V.)
(or)
The tank is filled with the water (P.V.)
P.V.
Correct?

- -t -- --p-,
---, -N---o ->-x
---: Passive , know -N----, fill -N----
by -. is known to, is filled with E hC.
'fill' N- fill E p--E by hC.
The tank is filled with water by Ram.

under thirty.
c) Naresh: Hi Ajitha, how is every body?
Ajitha: My grandfather died a week ago
(Week back

Naresh: Sorry to hear that. What was his

age? / How old was he?
Ajitha: He died at an old age. We do
miss him, of course. He was 78.
When I was born he was above/
over 55. Grand mother was
below/ under 50.
Naresh: Even at such an age he was
healthy.

---
Kranthi: Hi Karuna, How are you?
Karuna: Fine. Thank you. How are you?
Kranthi: Fine too. How is your new job?
(F h job C?)
Karuna: Absolutely no complaints. None
above me. I am the boss.

( . Jh C. j
. boss .)
absolute = Jh
Kranthi: How many are there in all?
(O office h C?)
(in all = h)
Karuna: There are five under me. My position is below that of the Area
Manager.

( --- -E-ho.
Area Manager -y-
n-
o)
Kranthi: How many branches has your
Company?

--C 18 -d- 2005

2. Between: u
a) MRO Collector u Sub-collector

.
The Sub collector is between the MRO
and the collector in rank and power.
prepositions -J-* v-:
a) above/ over= j/ \--/ N*

/ u
/ \-- / T_
/ u
c) between = u (/ u)
b) below/ under =

NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:

1) Bharani: Hi Dharani, o?
Dharani: -, o F birthday
party --C a?
Bharani: -d \--d-. 35, 40
Dharani:

u --*a--d-o.
C Officers *a-d-o?

Dharani: Some Officers were also there, I

think.
Bharani: They are all my dad's colleagues. Two or three of them
are above the rank of marketing
Managers.
Dharani: Are they above your dad?
Bharani: Most of them are below/ under

The pen is mine

Karuna: Between 12 and 14.
(12, 14 u. branches u)
Kranthi: Is the work heavy?
(- -)
heavy \- (\)
Karuna: No. Not above 15 files a day. On
Saturday it is even below 7 or 8.
(V
15 files
.
Saturday 7, 8 o \)
Kranthi: How Hours at office?

(V Eo ?)
Karuna: Not so rigid. We are there between
10 AM and 6 PM for above six to
six and a half hours.

( *a--i - . C J- u 6, 6 1/2
)
---E prepositions -E- :
above, below, under, between.
1. 'Above' -o Eo -- - lesson --o. \
'above' - -l.
Karuna: None above me. I am the boss.
office j .

C--JE.
C--, -J-j - -Eo
'above' . 'there are five under
me' \ under C--,
.
Home Minister Chief Minister
o \
The rank of the Home Minister is below that
of the Chief minister. The Home Minister
under the Chief Minister in power and rank.

(\ -E--Lq . o
\-/ --J = below.
J = under . 'Officers
below/ under the rank of the district collector
sentences below, under

-a)
a) VEO j o officers v
jeep ---T- | C. Those /
officers above the rank of the VEO are eligible for jeeps. (eligible= | L-T)
b) Collector \ C---

C-
Those below/ under the rank/ position of
the Collector do not have this power.
c) vA CC-j Supervisor
Office
There is a supervisor over/ above every
ten workers.
-x rank , position, level,
designation --E -a. '- n.

Bharani:

x o
Colleagues

(-u). x l
_

-x--- 48

Marketing
Manager

j M. SURESAN
x.
Dharani: O oJ jx?
Bharani: -C oJ- Cx. -J-l o- \
o-x.
2) Chandra: Hi Surya, come in. Eo \-o?
Surya: , Classmates Picnic
x. -- CC-N.
Chandra: ?
Surya: , Eo x--- C.
g-v 25 vU o \.
x C. -\ j -.
Cake a. -
o \ -C.
Chandra: \-\-J -a-C?
Surya:
250, 300 - u.
ANSWERS
1) Bharani: Hi Dharani, how are you?
Dharani: Fine, By the by, how many
attended your birthday party the
day before (yesterday)?
Bharani: I didn't count exactly. There
were between 35 and 40
(The people present were
between 35 and 40)

my dad. one or two of them are

above my dad.
2) Chandra: Hi, Surya, come in. Where
were you yesterday.
Surya : My classmates and I went for a
picnic. We were about ten.
Chandra: Did you enjoy yourselves?/ Did
you enjoy the day (Picnic)? /
Had a good time?
Surya: Yesterday was very pleasant.
The temperature was below 20
degrees. cool and pleasant. We
were there for over six hours.
one of us brought a Cake. It was
above 2 Kgs.
Chandra: How much did each spend?
Surya: Between Rs 250 and 300 each.

Dharmendra: We are all going on a Picnic.

Wont you join us?
( Picnic ho.

y -?)
Damodar:

When is the Picnic?

(Picnic p?)
Dharmendra: On Sunday. It is a nice spot.
(Sunday ho. o x

v -C.)
Damodar:

Where is the spot?

( \?)

-v-o: 1) Where did you go?

Where have you went?

2) It is time we left
It is high time we left.

O---u -- -N--J---.
3) No, ifs and buts, young man, you
must speak out your mind.

u-E n N?
4) I want to ask him for help

-E --E
---o.
-E --E
---o ().
-D-E-E English -- ---L?
-.--, --.--E-, --x-,
-p---J ->-x.

Dharmendra: It is on the riverside. Far off

from the town. A lonely spot.
It is an ideal spot for a picnic.

(C f J .
-i . Picnic j ).
--- a, an, the - J-Q-Ll. --C- a/ an - --o .
1) Countable singulars (\-d -- Eo v p--p-) A/ An
hC. ( l, , , , , , ,
, , , v u English
An, N A E
.)
2) Uncountables (\--dE A/ An
. p 'The' l.
A) 'The' pronunciation:
l ', , , , , , ., , ,
v u English
, 'C ----.
The order (C ), The egg (C ),
The industry (C )Z , The Owl (C
), The honour (C ) etc. a
bank, ant L---p 'C
. The ant (C ant), the (C) hour,
etc. N l- , ' --.
The () book, the () tree, the ()
University etc.
B) Countables, uncountables, singulars,
plurals- OE - J-* -- E
vu- p--p 'The' .
A book is there. (\ h C).
The book is my borther's
(C brotherC).
\ A, the a. /
n 'A' . sentence
( ) n 'The' . d
countables (singular &
plural), uncountables (singular and plural)
the , L.

(u-i : Eox p -sEo,

nFod English A F, An F, the F
nouns Eo -Lq)
Sx h--: / n
A/ An . - 'The' .
a) A pen is for writing (pen -E)
(- A/ An _d .)
b) The pen in your pocket is mine.
(F o pen --C).
\ The --E rule. -C? E vo
- - -, A/ An .
--- h 'The' .

---: 1) Where did you go?

y-\---x? E.

Where did you went? Correct .

Did y go hC; went .
2) It is time we left. It is high time we left-

O n p -}--LqC, E.
}-Lq Time ---E.
3) - -u-E -n -, T- E ----- -l, F -
p E. @N- --x JT /--JT - -u E ---. J-T-/- --\-
---E ---. -s- 'ifs and buts'
. If ; but --p-.
If Gandhi had been alive... -D A ...
but he is not... , ...
no ifs and buts - N ---- E-n E.
4) I used to think of asking him for help

--E --E ---o.

(I used to feel like asking him for help)

---
Gowtham: Hi Gambhir, I saw a bike in front
of the bank by your home.
(O \ bank
bike ---)
Gambhir: Wasn't it (was it not) yesterday? I
saw the bike too. Really stunning.
(Eo ? - bike .

C.
Stunning = au L ()
Gowtham: (Do you) know the owner?

3) Robert: Where is Vijayawada?

(N-- \-C)
Guide: About 300 kms to the South East
of Hyderabad. On the banks of
the Krishna.
(Hyderabad jA -C-- ,
300 kms %g

f --C)
Robert: I have heard of Rajahmundry.
Where is it?

(--J ?)
conversations spoken form
(Do you) N C- know him?
questions h -C.Practice .
Gambhir: Yes. It is the bank manager's
(. C bank manager C)
Gowtham: Perhaps you have an account
with the bank. A big account,
( bank F account --

. l h--?)

-- 20 -d- 2005

(-v -J-*
-\ ---C?)

No.

Guide: A
little
distance
from
Vijayawada. It is
on the
Godavari. Where are you coming from?

(N-- --. -J
f. O-\---* h-o?)
Robert: From Goa. The beaches of the
Arabian sea are really grand. How

2) Pranav: Where is Vijayawada?

Prakash: About 40 kms off the sea coast.
(\ about = , off =
prepositions

-E-)
Pranav: Is the Krishna a big river?
Prakash: Yes. It is a very big river. One of
the twelve major rivers in India.

rate.. at, price.. for

1) last lesson 'The' E
-o-C: 'The'

far
is
Vijayawada
from the Bay
of Bengal?

-J-* -, --l -E ---- '-?/

which? o question --E --E h The --L.

a) He bought a book yesterday.

Eo- h -o-. h which

book? (o) question , no
answer. So 'a book' in the sentence.
b) The book there is mine.
\-o h --C. ' h/ which
book?' question , The book there
\-o h E answer hC d.
2) l _ x----o- x--J
L- N The hC. j - . The bank by your home,
the bike, the owner, the bank manager.
\ O-Eo 'The' hC.
-F?--Fo

x---o
d.
vh- x L- N- -E.

Gowtham, Gambhir l-J

Bank, bike, owner, bank manager
Pavan: Where are the books?

( -h---\?)
Ravi:

Can't you see? They are on the

table.
(-E-- ? table O-o.)
Pavan: And where's (where is) the pen?
Ravi: There too. On the table.
(\. table O)
Pavan: Where is the paper for me to write
(-E paper C?)
Ravi: You find a lot of paper in the shelf
there.
( shelf ---- paper C)
\ The books, The table, The pen,
The shelf o. - Ravi, Pavan
vh-N-ho books, table, pen, shelf Rx-l-J
L---. -E \- 'The' ----o.

-x--- 49

( *.
\ -G
-v -B-
-- -- M. SURESAN
--o. N- Bay of Bengal *
?)
Guide: About 40 kms
-- 'The' -- :
To the Southeast, The Krishna, The
Godavari, The Arabia Sea, The Bay of
Bengal. x, --v- x- *a- the -Lq. C\-
*--E (to the southeast) .
NOW PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:
1) Ram: \ library \?
Raghu: Cl h -j -R}, ---j
A-. library -EhC.
Ram: - library l-? (Is begin

L)
Raghu: GLf *o. h- v -o.
2) Pranav: N-- \?
Prakash: vB-E 40 km
C.
Pranav: %-g -l ---?
Prakash: - l C. -- E 12 l
x C .
ANSWERS:
1) Ram: Where is the library here?
Raghu: Walk a little to the north and turn
(to the) left. You see the library.
Ram: Is the library big/ a big one?
Raghu: The building is small, but the
books are many.

-v-o: 1) O Q&A QJ{-

- vo ----Nh...
- J

h--o. --

''regular
actions
present passive
''A lecturer is appointed by the committee"
text book
regular
actions
present passive
simple future passive
"In every business
enterprise, the accounts will be classified on
the basis of one key factor. That key factor is
debit and credit.
Debit, Credit
accounts are classified

-
- uEo --. F
-- J

--T-. :

- uEo. ' -
-- K_--J-h . C
p J .
E -? Ba--.

2)

Khalid: The mangoes are good. How much

did you buy them for?

( N--x -o. o?)

Kesav: At Rs. 80 a dozen. I bought all these
for Rs. 160/-. There was a better
variety, but the price I felt was too
high. I was not prepared to buy them
at that price.
(Dozen 80 --- -p- -o.-

O- 160 ---C. -o
*- C. F K
\ -E--*C. l )
\ 'at' 'for' prepositions -
l. Rate dozen , ,
O at .
1) Gu 20 . -p- o
I bought this rice at Rs 20 a Kg.
2) She bought her dress material at Rs. 300
a metre.

(-- -v ---J-- O 300 . p

-oC)
When we say we bought mangoes at Rs.80
a dozen, ( dozen 80. v o)
, C Rate. d E- at.

N p--p h Eo x o,
h D -L-.
He bought these mangoes for Rs.200

-x h .200 d--o.
(C price; rate , d for)
h Gu 1600 ---C
I bought this bag of rice for Rs. 1600/-

C situation u-Eo present passive

-T---, perfect passive --T---?
--C d?

Input:- "A computer accepts data which is provided

by means of a input device like mouse, or key board"
(Input device
"input"
'data'
"A computer accepts
data which has been provided by means of input
device like a mouse or key board"

-j- f, - u- h--Eo
y-J--Eo
). v u-E
n h ' u- O
C-* y-
C y-J-C. d --

---:

E p-a?
.--.--, --

1) \

--

The accounts are classified

correct, will be classified C

(C price, rate .
unit E v.)

Rate

PRACTICE THE FOLLOWING:

Vinai: x O -?
(Do begin )
Vijai: . o- x

- 11
~- o.
Vinai: x curtains Fo -o. curtain f o? Fo f\?
Vijai: . O .320 v o.
h 4500 C.
Vinai: chairs ?
Vijai: chairs, sofa, table Fo--L
12000 C.
ANSWER:
Vinai: Do you own this house ?
Vijai: Yes. My father bought it for Rs.11 lakh
two years ago.
Vinai: The curtains are really nice. How
much did you buy the curtain cloth
for? Are all of them the pieces of the
same cloth?
Vijai: Yes. We bought it at Rs.320 a metre.
We bought the whole cloth for about
Rs.4500 (The whole thing cost us
about Rs.4500)
Vinai: What about these chairs?
Vijai: These (the) chairs, that (the) sofa,
that (the) table - we bought all of them
together for Rs.12000/- (All these cost
us Rs.12000/-)
p Vocabulary items .
1) E---}- = go to a movie/ film/ picture.
2) --N f--
serve a meal/ food/ lunch/ dinner
3) , --N *a x--y-
offer tea/ coffee/ a drink/ a seat
4)

(-E -p-)
coffee a E B-
He offered me coffee but I didn't take it.

5)

--E coffee *a O x
B-

I offered him coffee, but because he was

angry with me, he refused it/ to take it.
refuse= A- \-J--, p-----
6) y-J-- = accept

E-*a B
He did not accept my gift

- - y-J
(B)
He doesn't (does not) accept gifts.
not accept = reject
He rejected my gift =
He did not accept my gift.

future J EE *-hC.
2) Which is provided C correct. - p
J--..? Mouse, keyboard input
devices data C-h. EE computer
B-C. OJ-*a sentence

N--d. -C?
1) An input device like a mouse or keyboard provides the data.
2) The computer accepts it. p sentence no.1
passive Ja --E L is provides
d E -hC . . data,
- plural. Computer J-- v
singular .

[Ganesh: Hi Harish, pleasure seeing you

here. Welcome. Do come in.

(, K! Eo \[ [[/
y \- [ -
C. -L !) Do come in = L E d p[.
O conversation practise .
Harish: Pleasure is equally mine/ Pleasure
is mine too. So this is your new
home. Really splendid. The furniture
is elegant too.

( C. ]-o O h x. C. O
Jo- W- C.)
'pleasure' -expressions Fo conversational bits. O conversation [
[.
Splendid = excellent
Elegant =

W-j

22 d 2005

j --- made (make) #a prepositions -E made of, made from,

made out of.
1) All the furniture is made of teak.

Jo- .
h E -Eo
. `of' \[ p-E-J.

made of

We make tables of wood.

( tables (-q) \ h.)

a) Vx Et----- ,
\ j- ] d xd-
j- [-o.
Nowadays we are using pipes made of
(pipes of) hard plastic instead of pipes
made of iron and steel for construction purposes.
(finished product)
made of

-j h
E
j Eh p[
.
This Table is made of wood- o-p[ \

pieces.
curtain
b) She made a beautiful figure out of the
pieces of coloured paper.

( < \-

C.)

( T- \- t
C).
D made of, made from, made out of ]u.

?
[ d v ? d-[-?
sweat- y
Suseela: ]. \-- ?
Suguna:

Answers:

1. Raghu: What do you want, sir?

of... from... out of

made of.
2) The sweet is made from flour and milk.

E-h C. d

( y , h (--[-C)).
\[ made y from hC ! ,
(from flour and milk) o-p[ \[
-j h (finished product) -n-

x 50

Your drink is good. How did you make it?

Ganesh: Thank you. The furniture is all
made of teak. Dad got the wood
specially from Bhadrachalam
forests. How about having this
sweet? It's vilakand. Mom's (Mom
has) made it.

(Jo- .
o- v- [ #
p-. y B. C N. t C.)
Harish: (After taking a bite) It's delicious!
What's the stuff it is made of?

(( AE) # C. E
h DEo?)
stuff = n
Ganesh: It's a new variety. It is made from a
mix of rice and wheat flour, milk,
ghee etc.

(Gu-p, ]--, , u
L h.)
: N- y - Lp#C
v. -] v-Ao--.
(flour = , pronunciation- x, flour, flower
- pronunciation)
Harish: That flower vase stand over there,
that particularly attracts me. Is it very
expensive?

(\ x d C.
C K?)
flower vase= V/ v
vase- pronunciation- British - ,
American - -/--)
Ganesh: No. Our carpenter made it out of
the wooden pieces left over.

(]. NT-L-- \-\-

v[T Eo [.)
left over = NT-L---C.
eg. She gave the left overs to the beggar.

( NT-L-- E Ga-- #aC.)

(raw material - --/ -)

j E-]. d made from.
Made of , made from -E.
-- [, [ h- --
-j--p[ from --T-L.
a) T-Eo h (#) h.
Paper is made from waste material.
Paper
`from'.
b)
The doctor made this medicine from some
herbs.
herbs)
3) Our carpenter made it out of the wooden
pieces.

h E-] d
d ] Eo L-- .

(L-=

( v[T DEo NT-L-- \--\-

---[.)
\[ out of [-o. Eo h-- \ EN p[ `make out of'
.
a) She made the curtain out of the sari

Now practise the following aloud in English.

1) Raghu:
Ram:

- O?
x, Ka #--o o ho.
Raghu: x, Ka [.
Ram:
N xd-
N .
#

N
L.
Raghu: N \-[o. #
, NN] M. SURESAN
j-x.
Ram:
N o. Eo
-, C[x L.
Raghu: \-[-o [. -N
sC . h
p sponge, rubberized -j-N.
(= coir)
Ram: C . ] x o?
2) Suguna: Ny-#a v C.
?
Suseela: v, --, Cl x, - -, NJ-- L- Nv-.
(-E: C u . vo
-.)
Suguna: C. v?
Suseela: h d C

vo: An awareness programme will be held at kurnool on saturday. u

future tense
a) An amount of Rs. 104 crores would be paid in Rajampet constituency of Cuddapah district on Saturday.
Indirect Speech
past tense
refer

]E . u [.

u
?

h? x - -- [s J-Tx x?
b) 'Dr YSR is sure that availability of funds would not be a hindrance'-
u Indirect Speech - YSR was sure E L ! F
] News paper is sure E ? - is sure E Lq
h will be hindrance E L ! N-J---.
N FL, x-

I am looking for good tables and

chairs.
Raghu: How about these tables and
chairs, sir?
Ram:
They are made of plastic. I want
tables and chairs made of good
teak.
Raghu: There they are sir. Of good teak
and in a variety of designs.
Ram:
They're (they are) OK. I need
some mattresses and pillows too.
mattress
bed =
Raghu: Here are they sir. Made from
Sponge, rubberized coir- no problem in summer as they are not
made only of sponge.
Ram:
That's OK. How much are they?
2) Suguna: Your drink is good. How did you
make it?
Suseela: From a mix of grape juice,
orange juice, ginger extract,
sugar, and a little pepper powder.
(ginger =
extract =
Suguna: Really fine. How about this
dress of yours?
Suseela: It is made of pure silk. Is it good?
Suguna: How are you able to wear it in
such hot sun? Don't you sweat?
Suseela: No. I am most of the time in our
air conditioned office.
Ram:

=
- o

x,

B )

p[ O sentence DE continuation
d. an amount of
Rs. 104 Crore would be paid... C
independent sentence \[
would be paid d ]. \[ Lq verb will be paid. d. O
C--- --x. Future
--C E n.
b) Dr YSR is sure that the availability
of funds would not be a hindrancemain clause verb
sub-ordinate clause verb
Dr YSR is sure
report
will not be
sentence
correct form.
Dr
report
YSR was sure
YSR
report
was) would not
be- correct.

p[

d
-J-L.
E
h\[
L.
-p[
: a) An amount of Rs. 104 d v p-. ]

crores would be paid in Rajampet con- u ]-- The Minister
E
h (]said that money would be disbursed to
stituency of Cuddapah district on
o nAE p[

Saturday- u Indirect Speech the deserving (|-j J [s yho d

C, ] uEo -[-C.) sentence ]

---
Radhika: Hi Rama, (are you) in a hurry?

- o?
Rama:

You bet I am. I am on my way to

class. I'm afraid I shall be late. It's
already 7.50 and the class is at 8
(O' clock)
you bet I am bet

-*a-. (

- o-E y
a. *a- E .)
class ho. Late --.
p- 7.50 C. x 8 )

Radhika: Shall I see you in the evening

then?

Eo v --?
Rama:

I'm afraid it's a bit early. Make it

quarter past five. Past that will be
too late again.

British English
etc.,

Quarter past, half past

\- -. N -
- p-a.
02.10- Ten minutes past two

(-

Two ten),

02.50- Ten (minutes) to three

(- Two fifty)
past n: ' E.
(Past - pronunciation = d)
lessons , nEo
-}- past. He is past the building.
- = Past the age.
j

expressions

Kapil Dev is past the age of playing cricket.

cricket

--C.

Saikiran:

Hi Lakshman, where are you

coming from?

Lakshman: (I am) returning from a party.

Saikiran:

-x--- 51

Where?

Lakshman: At the wine n' dine Hotel.

Saikiran:

Where is it?
the Krishna Studio.

Saikiran:

6) Before 'of' phrases, if 'of' comes after a

plural (plural form
of phrases
plural form
The
7) Before the names of famous buildings, of
historical buildings, of big hotels, of monuments, etc.
Pavithra: Hi, Puneetha, did you see the
professor?

y
h

--).

v-- ?

Lakshman: Don't you know? It's near the

C .
(\ I'm afraid = I am afraid
-Eo --; j o
u- --.

--C 25 -d- 2005

A nice place, isn't it? What about

the Shelton Hotel near the
Charminar?

Puneetha: No, she left for the US yesterday.

No idea when she will be back.
On her way back she is going to
spend a week in the UK. She will
return home by the UAE.
Pavithra: I think she is the first in her
department to be invited to so
many countries.

India.. The US..

eg: I'm afraid it is not possible for
me to give it =

C y----
y E u- p-.) 5-15
. (Make it -E-.
5.15 ad -E) -C --
Sx -u---C.
Radhika: That suits me fine.
ok
conversation
lessons
dialogues
Spoken English forms.
practise
conversation
time expressions
7.50, 8 (O' clock), half past five,
quarter past 5, past that.

( E)

C

p---
Fo NN -sx
OE l _
h x--L
-- -d--C
. O
j ---E
E-.
-C-- ---o : - j
E *a- p--L-T--p at .
At 3 pm, at 4.15 etc.
English conversation

-C
?
_ Shelton Hotel
C?
Charminar

Laxman: Don't know much about it. By the

by I am leaving for Delhi tonight. I
am going to stop for two days at
Agra to see my uncle

--E -J-* - --L--.

C F, --- vA Mx o. J v-V v
uncle x
Saikiran: You will sure see the Taj, Won't
you?

-- p h ?
Laxman: And also the Rashtrapathi
Bhavan in New Delhi.

Mx -ZA h.
j -- 'The' -E-:
The Wine n' Dine Hotel, The Krishna Studio,
The Charminar, The Taj, The Rashtrapathi
Bhavan.
hotels
(monuments/ memorials)
The
Hotel
Hotels
The
At the
Centurian, at the Krishna Oberoi
at the Hotel Sheraton
At the Sheraton
Hotel

- 15 EN, 30 EN, 45
EN N- -.

h- p vl -
, p p
, J-v d c *o-
.
v
u
x

. F
.
d.
p--- ---oC.
The -s.
1) - E L- - ( ?/ which
- questions answer a x)
2) x--o x--J L- N-

3) , -q, -v, -v
x
4) y h (mountain ranges) x
, ( y The )

02.15 - Two fifteen/ Quarter past two

(Quarter = 1/4 hour)
02.30 - Two thirty/ Half past two
02.45 - Two forty five/ Quarter to three

5) Before the names of groups of islands

but not
before the name of a single island
The

AM, PM (AM = Ante Meridian, PM = Post

Meridian)
formal
conversation

. --pF,
v- a--pF .
hop -sEod l,
u-o C --h C .
*a- ---Lq h p in
the morning, in the evening etc .
h- - v O' clock
. O' clock = of the clock. f the
omit h d O \ apostrophe (')
. N -Eo L N:
10.00 AM/ PM - 10 O' clock - Ten O' Clock
10.40 AM/ PM - Ten forty
04.20 - four twenty

(D - x )

Dy

The Professor, The US,

The UK, The UAE.
(designations),
'The'
The District Collector, The Prime Minister of
India, etc.
(a) The
Prime
Minister of India,
Mr
Manmohan
Singh
(b) Mr
Manmohan
Singh,
Prime
Minister of India.

j --:

-v---, -
-
hC.

, M. SURESAN
N h - /
--N 'The'
hC (a) - -. - uh , y
/ --Nh E 'The' (b)
--. C u. -u , N
(designation, office - office \-
u- , N --E n) The
-.
Eo Z - pf
'the' . --: The US (The
United states of America - C Eo Z
), the UK (The United Kingdom England, Scotland, Wales and Northern
Ireland
The UAE (The
United Arab Emirates Gulf countries
Dubai
Abudabhi,
Sharja
The India

L pf u),
-
F,
F,
E ). ---
Z , J
.
o Eo Z- N->.
The US, The UK N-x, Z,
v- p-f. India N-
, Indian Union E u--J-*--p The
Indian Union .
Prabhat: What movie did you go to,
Yesterday?
Prakash: The Ten Commandments. An Old
one
Prabhat: Isnt it an episode from the Bible?
Bible
Episode

Prakash: Yes. From the old testament in the

Bible.
Bible
old testament
Prabhat: Just as Maya Bazar is an episode
from the Mahabharatam

-EC

------E - ---Eo - E -B--x

Prakash: But I Doubt if Maya Bazar is from
the Original Mahabharatam

-- --- -- --E - ----.

--, p p v, Nv
v x 'the' p -.
This is the Telugu translation of the koran.

C -.
the Grandhsahib etc. - x y v x 'the' .
Valmiki's Ramayanam, Vyasa's Maha
bharatam etc.
Practise the following aloud in English.
Karuna: Hi Kranthi,

-Rd ?
E-u-- u--vA h -Eo
v--.
Kranthi: ?
Karuna: 22* 32u - \---J
E-u -%A h
(Lp C -- ---)
Kranthi: ? -J (US) , Britain
(UK) ---
x C ?
Karuna: . -x -C \
u---- UAE, US, UK
Rx -o. -Z -A --l-
- -N-- (brain drain)
-J-* o -u- --
- uh--J- .
Kranthi: ou Maldives
Lecturer Post Apply . h
Rx--. Job h --
\- -o.
Answer:
Karuna: Did you see/ go through the
Eenadu Today ? The Chief Minister
has announced a new scheme for
the benefit of the unemployed people.
Kranthi: What's (What is) the scheme?
Karuna: All the unemployed persons
between the age of 22 and 32 will
get unemployment allowance
Kranthi: Is it so? This has been in force in
the US and the UK
in force Karuna: Yes. A good number of our people
are leaving for the UAE, the US
and the UK. All because of there
are no employment opportunities.
The President of India, Mr Abdul
Kalam expressed concern over this
brain drain in his speech the day
before yesterday.
Kranthi: My brother too has applied for a
lecturers job in the maldives. If he
gets it he will go. He says getting a
job will make him as happy as if he
had climbed up the Himalayas.

x)

---
Deepak: Hi Dheeraj, do come in.

Pavan: Who was the boy with you yesterday?

Dheeraj: You had a book with you yesterday. What was it?

Ravi: The boy with a bundle of books?

(Eo F _ h C .
h C?)

Pavan: Yes, he had also with him a cell

(h- d o?)
(-E (_) Cell phone
C)

phone.

Deepak: You mean the book with the green

cover?
(Green cover

o
-J- F--C?)

book

Ravi: That's my cousin Raghu. He has

come down with his mother to spend
a few days with us.

Dheeraj: Yes, Isn't it a novel?

(C

novel

(Cl--V ---E ---

x-t a)
\ with ' n .

?)

Deepak: Yes, it is. (Do) you want it?

(. F ?)
Dheeraj: Yes, I am leaving this afternoon for
Mumbai. I want to take it with me,
to read it during the journey.

(---. - --uo --
-- ----o-. B-}----o-. v- ---E)

-x---

Here are

52

Bhaskar: Here is a mango. Very tempting.

(\ N C. -JhC)

Deepak: First let's have some hot idlis

( x A .)

Bhanu:

Let's eat it. Cut it with this knife.

they and here's the spoon to eat

them with

--- 27 -d- 2005

--d-
--d-).

\.

( u)
(N x. E A-

Ravali: I am busy with the exams.

Ramya: Are you studying alone, or with
some one else?
Ravali: Alone.
Ramya: Your dress is nice. Where did
you buy it?
Ravali: At Wear n' See. A hot pack is free
with it.
b) Krishna: How were the police able to
catch the thieves so quickly?
Karim: With the help of their sniffer
dogs (sniffer dogssniffKrishna: Were they able to find the stolen
money with the thieves?

Bhaskar: Let's have some forks also to eat

spoon). Have some ghee

it with.

a)

v-E v-y-u-Eo--
A lC

India is the largest democracy in the

world. (largest - superlative)
b)
AP
Andhra Pradesh is the biggest state in the
South India.
c)
Mt
Everest. Mt Everest (Mt= mount =
is the highest peak
in the world.
Superlatives
'the'
first, second, third, fourth, etc. ordinals
'the'
1) Class
first mark
His is the first mark in the class.

~-C Zx

A lC

v- u-o y-P
y)
(P)
p-
.
OE
, O- .

-E

also. Ghees goes well with idlis,

doesn't it? (h u \, x-
u -C .) (go well
with = suit -)
j -- Preposition- 'with'
-E-. with - ' J--C.
The book with you = F o h F _o h; the book with the green cover =
green cover o- -h. with me = ;
a spoon to eat with = A- spoon. goes
well with = E L .
d with '- E.

I am with you..
forksBhanu: I bought these mangoes with the
money my uncle had given me.
uncle
'with'
instruments, tools, weapons
with a knife, with a pen, with
a gun, etc.
1)
He beat the snake with a stick
2)
Pen
He wrote/ noted down my address with
his pen.
3) The killer killed the girl with a gun
gun
4) Post office
Naxals bomb
They blasted the post office with a bomb.
With
troubles
I am with you in your troubles.
She is competing with her sister
sister
Practise the following:
a) Ramya: Hi Ravali,

(Eo

x-- v)

-v-o:

a) If I have money, I wish to buy this car.

b) If I had money. I would have spent It.
had, have

-\-
n a
o.- O- --u N- N-
L-----.
.-.y-N, -N---
---: have p j-
-.
I have a Car

(p) Car C.
had --j --
I had a car. -p Car C.
If I had money. I would have spent it -
sentence correct .
a) If I had money, I would spend it ---L,
-- (b) If I had had money, I would have
spent it L. -- n
C.
a) n, -_ p --s,
a -. d a d. (C
present situation) C -.
b) n _ s ,
a-d --. p _ -s
, a d- -.
c) If he studied well, he would pass. -p-
A C. --; ---
J-T --.
( present --EN.)
d) If he had studied well, he would have
passed

CN - (),
pass (--, fail
u).

a-

:
F - o-

No. One of them escaped with

the hot stuff.
)
(hot stuff =

-h

*a sh o)

- v d
v E

Karim:

-C.

Manoj:

Ravali: Exams
Ramya:

busy o.
y-\--E ---o? -J--- L ---o?
Ravali: \-o ---o.
Ramya: F dress C. \--o?
Ravali: Wear n' See shop . D-
hot pack free.
b) Krishna: ? -- --M-
- d--o?
Karim: x x \
d--o
Krishna: ---, x T-L-*
s d--o?
Karim: . x s
p---o.
ANSWERS:
a) Ramya: Hi, Ravali, not to be seen at all
(these days)?

Hi Mallesh, how goes life?

Mallesh: Getting on, Thanks; What's new?

Manoj: (Do you) know this, Chandra's
selection as
the
best
cadet of the
country?
best
cadet
(NCC)

(v-

M. SURESAN

-
?)

Mallesh: That's the happiest news I've had

in a month.

( No

happiest news

C.)

Manoj: Some thing more for you. Ours is the

first college in the state to win this

-E---

kind of award.

( ? Z
h - -\ a-o
College C)
\ 'The' -E-. The (best),
the (happiest), the (first) etc. superlative degree of the adjective - 'the'
; , first, second, third, etc.,
ordinals - L.
Superlative degree --: :
Largest, greatest, richest, tallest, most beautiful etc.

-- + st
F, adjective most EF h C
superlative degree. (Adjective - h-/
-E - L ; tall boy boy question tall answer
hC d, tall \ adjective). -
n 'u E.
Superlative degree of the adjective
'the' .

adjective

+ est

2) He is the fourth Prime Minister of India

- -- vE
(O o--J y o --N?, Dr
t--- -E o vE,
u--x 'o English
j . -C What is the
ordinal of Dr Manmohan Singh as PM?
expression J----. J n-yL ?)
y C .
Pranav: Who is that friend of yours that
was with you yesterday.
Prakash: He was my school mate. He was
one of my best friends at school.
We used to compete with each
other in the exams, and we have
always on top at school.
Pranav: Of you two, who was not better
better
comparative degree.
+er, 'r'
adjectives
more
adjectives
comparative
degree
Eg: Taller (tall+er),
braver (brave+r), more beautiful (more +
beautiful).
comparative
than
He is taller than his brother.
brother
Comparative
than
comparative
the
comparative
than
comparative
'the'

\
--C
-u
* a
--a
F
.
-

h,

-.
-,

hC.

F,

hC.

y
p

a) Suman is taller than Suseel

Suman
b) Of Suman and Suseel, Suman is the
taller.
a)
Comparative, taller
than
Comparative
'the'
b)
Comparative
taller
than
Comparative taller
'the'

(Q o

-)

y
C. d

. ,
y
y
, d,

hC.

---
Ram:

Raghu, how tall are you?

Salesperson: The price has gone up by Rs.

3000/-

(, y ?)
Raghu: I am 5'9". ( 5'9")
Does it mean you are taller than me
by an inch?
(Does it mean)
inch
Raghu: of course, and I weigh less than you
by 5 Kgs 5 Kg

( -
J-TC. - by Rs.

Ram:

( =
?)

y o

(*a-. Sx Fo
\)

Ram:

But the length of my shirt is more

than yours by atleast 4 Cms.
shirt
shirt
4 Cms

(
--\)

-F

29 -d- 2005

3000/-)
Practise the following in English:
1.
Priya:
Sekhar:
Priya:
Sekhar:
Priya:
Sekhar:
Priya:

y l--?
. F x (by ).
- Eo L-
Interview .
-N? 10 EN--.
Sreekanth p-- a--\-?
- .
Eo F - late
L- .

2.
Santosh:

-x--- 53
Raghu: That's because you are fatter than
me by 3 Cms
3 Cms
'by'
by

(y o
--d)
j -- -E- .
- u C C
y .

x F 50
-.
Sunil:
x C \ ?
Eo ?
Santosh: lC, *o--E-o 4 Kg -\.
Sunil:
C E- 50 - \.
ANSWERS
1.
Priya: Are you older than I/ me?
Sekhar: Yes, atleast by 2 years.

The Indian is not so hardworking as the

Japanese.
(the Indians)
(the
Japanese)
The cheetah ( all cheetahs is the
fastest of all animals.

-B-

x
d- E--.
*--L)

b) I weigh less than you by 5 kgs
5 Kg
c) by atleast 4 cms
4 Cms
d) fatter than I/ me by 3 cms = 3 Cms
Prakash: Congrats, Lakshman. That was
a marvellous game you played
yesterday (Lakshman, congrats
How
many points did you win the
match by?
I know you were winning and left before the end of
the match

Fo
F

Eo - ).

(Eo x

-L-?).

(y -h-E L
Rx--).
Lakshman: By nine points (9 points /
C-u-)
Prakash:

At the half time itself you were

leading by 4 points. (Half time
4 points
That's a
good lead.

p- y
C-u--/
-- -o)
(* C-u)
\ /--C-u C
'by' -h-o .
a) Lx- x lC
She is her sister's elder/ older than her sister by two years.
b)
necklace
necklace

---\.

This necklace is costlier than that by Rs.

2000/Salesperson: What do you want, please?
Customer:
How much is this wrist
watch?
watch
Salesperson: It's Rs. 2000/-

K-?)
(

-)
Customer:

But it was Rs 1700/- last

week.

(- 1700

o)

Is that why they called you earlier

for the interview?
Sekhar: How much earlier? Just by 10 minutes.
Priya: When did Sreekanth come here?
Sekhar: Half an hour earlier than I/ me
(Earlier than I by half an hour)
Priya: But they called him later than you
by just 15 minutes.
2.
Santosh: They differ in their prices by Rs
50/Sunil:
Which of the two is the heavier,
and by how many kgs?
Santosh: The bigger one is heavier than the
smaller by 4 kgs.
Sunil:
It costs less than that by Rs 50/-

The lotus is a lovely flower

y C (Eo
E).
-J C
The camel is the ship of the desert.
Kuntala: Your friend Kamala has failed
again
friend
fail

(O
C)

S}

Karuna: She is lazy. The lazy never succeed

( J. x N

Priya:

Anjan: Hi Arun, which is your most favourite

wild animal?

(N %- F-\ d-i--C?)
(L)

Arun: The tiger, of course

Anjan: Doesn't the lion look more majestic
than the tiger?
Amar:

(L-o
\ -Eh-C ?)
The elephant is my favourite (
favourite ). It looks grand and
is not at all ferocious like the tiger or
the lion.
grand

(-
-Eh-C.
L, - v-iC )
\, 'the' . The E \
countable singulars... lion, tiger, elephant
The tiger, the lion, the elephant.
The tiger is my favourite
the tiger
the lion, the elephant =

\
A C -Fo E.
, - E.
The dog is a faithful animal

\ (Eo \) Ny-- ()
AE h -J-* p- countable singular the J--C.

2.
Pramod:
Prasad:
Pramod:

(*--- Eo ---o N)

By nine points..
a) you are taller than (I)/ me by an inch

Sasikanth:

).
she
not

She is rich of course, so

does
care.

(x
sC,
-E
l d-)
Kuntala: But not all
the rich are
like
that.

uEo %d --E d- -
--x N u

> J---C ?
*L (Cheetah) > .
-v%-A- v- -\- E
---C ( v- =
Meek creatures). - v ~---?
ANSWERS

Sasikanth: Have you finished the assignment?

Srikanth: No. I will begin it in the evening.
Sasikanth: The lazy always postpone
Srikanth: Do the industrious always succeed?
Sasikanth: The industrious with a clear idea
of their goals always succeed.
2.
Pramod: Doesn't (Does not) the deer run
very fast?
Prasad:
The cheetah is faster than the
deer.
Pramod: The meek always are harmed/
always suffer in nature. Wonder
why God doesn't protect the
meek (Wonder = I wonder -

n
----E/ -Eo --)

from the ferocious.

-E: Comparative degree adjective

than y me or I? him or he? her or
she? them or they? - --C ----
hC .
M. SURESAN

( - )
Karuna: That's right. Among the hardworking, there are many who are rich.

(C E. d- E- x,
-C E- o)
\ : The rich, the lazy, the hardworking. rich (so, E--j), lazy (J
-), hardworking (industrious) = d-
O-Eo-F adjectives -
L -o . the
-x n hC. C
plural. Tall = -j, the tall = -x (plural); Fat = j, the fat = -x;
poor = H, the poor = H-x.
1) -x d-x -

Suman is taller than me/ taller than I.

correct? Grammatical
taller than I
correct.
modern
usage
taller/ stronger/ cleverer than
me/ him/ her/ them/ us
better. taller than I

--x C

- aC
C. -
h vC. p .
C u .
a) My friend likes the mango better than I
b) My friend likes the mango better than me.
Correct,
a)
mango
mango
b)
mango
clear
(a)
My friend likes
the mango better than I do
do
extra

\
y n-.
n.
d. d.
\ d.

n. d.
x o d x E.
L--
C
E
---Eo
-h.

The tall play better than the short.

2)

E- H-x L.
The rich should help the poor.

3)

E- \ E-----o. H-x
H--x---o
The rich are getting richer, the poor are
getting poorer.

4)

x j-
The lazy never prosper

Practise the following in English:

1.
Sasikanth: Assignment
Sreekanth:
Sasikanth:
Sreekanth:

Jh---?
. vA v-Gh.
xp h-.
d- ---x- N -?

-v- o:

Did not he play cricket?

Interrogative negative
not he

- -u-
-
--
--*a-C. -E -Eo -s-x -vA-x, -q-
not he -y- -h-C. -- ---.
--: Did he not speak the truth?
-.-v--, ----y
----: (a) Did not he play cricket? o,
(b) Did he not play Cricket? o .
(b) \- - C. , contracted form --p, (a) hC.
Didn't (Did not he) he play cricket? C
spoken english \- .

---
Bhaskar: What are you looking at, Bhanu?
Bhanu: At the little boy there; He is sitting
on the arms of the chair. He may
fall down any moment.

( *o--xo. Ka --O
aE o. ~-j o --a)
Bhaskar: He is in real trouble. let's go to
him and put him down.

( E s-C o.
_ Rx C
)
Bhanu: That will save him from trouble.

(E sC * --C.)
Bhaskar: Surprising, no body to take care
of the child

( Gf v-h - Rx\ -- au C)
j -- - -E-. N...
at, on, of, in, to, from. --C
- prepositions .
English prepositions o vu
\. prepositions A, u
N C. preposition
- -iN Nh vu-.
Prepositions - -u ,
E -li N- --.
preposition, y preposition
L vo - .
-- English %- E--x
-p. English C-N- F N . --- y - p----a.
English prepositions Nh
vu----, - y a
vu---Fo English --h.
Sundar: He has come from Vijayawada.

( N-- * a)
, N-- * .
English
from Vijayawada
--E
C.
He will be here till 5'o clock.
(till 5'o clock = 5 )
Sukumar: When will he go back to
Vijayawada?

(N--- = to Vijayawada)
Sundar: He hasn't (has not) yet told me of
it.
(of it = E J* p-)

vo:
y

prepositions - ,
-, . i \ -.
prepositions ---T-- J* Eo
general principles ---- -u.
Spoken English Correct - N
- --.

English

(Eo h-o ?)

1. Discuss

1 -d- 2005

About

?
Explain

--
F --?
(Eg: , x)
DEE Tx- ---
3. ' O NE-h DEE Tx-
L?
4. 'Just' usage E p
---.
5. ' u o s ---E *-h-o DEE Tx- pL?
>.---yx, o, K-- >x
2.

1. Discuss, describe, mention, explain,

state, remark- O y about .
2. What is he to you?/ How is he related to
you?
3. I will give you a song/ Let me sing a song
to you.
4. Just= p, just= only, v
5. Of late he has been hesitating to ask me
for money.

1) Pavan: I wrote a letter to my sister yesterday

( sister Eo letter )
Ravikanth: Did you tell her about the
book exhibition here?

Suneetha: Is your home the one behind the

post office?
(O x Post office -?)
Supriya: No, it is by the Post office.

side of it (beside it/ by it/ near

to it) there is a book shop.
What books do you want to
buy at the shop?

- ---i- ----!
(\ h v-z J*
p?)

Pavan: Yes, I did. I wrote to her to start

by the 9 AM train which arrives
here at 5 PM.
(p. NtC train

-l--Lq-C . \--C 5
- -C)
-- to my sister, about the
book exhibition, by the 9 AM train, arrives
here at 5 PM - expressions to, about,
by, here prepositions Fo- sentence

o -Eo ---o .
- sister (to my sister), h
v-z J* (about the book exhibition), 9
train (by the 9 AM train), 5 -
(at 5 PM) Fo Nh vu-
h-o . C prepositions o ui v. Sentence u
.
-J? to my sister;
E J*?: about the book exhibition;
train ?: by 9 AM train;
Eo- : at 5 PM.
Fo English Nh %- -,
N x ----.
Prepositions -u \ ?
2) Ramana: These flowers are nice. Are
they from your garden?

( -o. O
--?)
-E- from- garden .
---j ' . ' y
aC.
Rahul: No. They were in the basket on
the table. I took them from the
basket.
(, Table Oo d

o. x* Bo)
\ -E- ? from, in, on
prepositions -C-*
.
3) Prathibha: Where are the flowers?

( \ o?)
Prabha: They are in the basket. The
basket is on the table. I bought
the flowers at the flower stall,
beside my uncle's place near
the Post office.
(in the basket= d , on the table=
table O; at the flower stall= --d ;
beside my uncle's place= --Rx
\; near the Post office= Post office _)
-Fo- in, on, at, beside, near- vEo L prepositions. - E p-E OE ? positions L Eo
prepositions l.

-x--- 41
(. \)
It is between the
Post office and the
Income Tax office
(Post

office,

Income Tax office

M. SURESAN

u)
j p prepositions Eo-, v- *N, positions L--N-
o ?
Practice the following aloud in English:
a) Karim: _- \-- Book shop

?
OC *
C. EE - book
shop C. book shop
h- -----o?
Karim: Eo computer books L.
N x ---.
Kamesh: , F -Lq q cinema hall o book stall
--. E _
book stall C. \
--.
b) Pranav: Eo y\o?
Pratap: friend x
Pranav: x-\?
Pratap: _. Rx-
u buildings
v o. Rx
l d C.
Pranav: \ bank C ?
Pratap: .
c) Sravanthi: h Eo table O
C. F bag
?
Swarna: . B-o.
- Lq
*aC.
Sravanthi: F bag table d-?
Swarna: Table O - d
Kamesh:

ANSWERS:

Karim: I want some Computer books.

They are not available in our
town.
Kamesh: Then you get the books you
want at the book stall behind
the theatre. Near that there is
another book stall too. You get
there the books you want.
(b) Pranav: Where were you yesterday?
Pratap: At my friend Tarun's
Pranav: Where is his home?
Pratap: Very near mine. Only three
buildings are there between
mine and his. There is a big
tree in front of it.
Pranav: Isn't there a bank beside his
home?
Pratap: Yes.
(c) Sravanthi: My book was on the table
yesterday. Why / How is it in
your bag today?
Swarna: Yes, I took it. I wanted some
information in it.
Sravanthi: Why did you keep your bag
under the table?
Swarna: Because there was no room
on the table.
(English --E - s place/ space j -. Room

L.
Bus jp C v C.
There is room in the bus only for 30 passengers)
p--- position L preposition

Eo-E --o. \? E vo-h

y-Lq ---E prepositions .
positions L JEo prepositions:
Sukumar: Why has the train stopped?
(Train TC)
Suman: There is flood water over the
bridge
(Bridge O F C)
The whole area on either side
of the track is under water.
(Bridge -j- o v- E-T--C= under
water =Fx )
Sukumar: Thank God, All the passengers in the train are safe
(F train E v---

~ o)
(a) Karim: Is there a book shop anywhere
near here?
Kamesh: At the end of the street there
is a medical shop. Just by the

Above, below, inside, outside, beyond positions L prepositions. OE

N
O ux .