WAR IMPACT IN SYRIA

Deaths[edit]
Main article: Casualties of the Syrian Civil War

Total deaths over the course of the conflict in Syria (18 March 2011 18 October
2013)
Estimates of deaths in the conflict vary widely, with figures, per opposition activist
groups, ranging from 140,200 and 350,760.[65][779][780][781] On 2 January 2013, the
United Nations stated that 60,000 had been killed since the civil war began, with UN
High Commissioner for Human Rights Navi Pillay saying "The number of casualties is
much higher than we expected, and is truly shocking."[782] Four months later, the UN's
updated figure for the death toll had reached 80,000.[783] On 13 June, the UN released
an updated figure of people killed since fighting began, the figure being exactly
92,901, for up to the end of April 2013. Navi Pillay, UN high commissioner for human
rights, stated that: "This is most likely a minimum casualty figure." The real toll was
guessed to be over 100,000.[784][785] Some areas of the country have been affected
disproportionately by the war; by some estimates, as many as a third of all deaths
have occurred in the city of Homs.[786]
One problem has been determining the number of "armed combatants" who have
died, due to some sources counting rebel fighters who were not government
defectors as civilians.[787] At least half of those confirmed killed have been estimated
to be combatants from both sides, including 52,290 government fighters and 29,080
rebels, with an additional 50,000 unconfirmed combatant deaths.[65] In addition,
UNICEF reported that over 500 children had been killed by early February 2012,[788]
and another 400 children have been reportedly arrested and tortured in Syrian
prisons;[789] both of these claims have been contested by the Syrian government.

Additionally, over 600 detainees and political prisoners are known to have died under
torture.[790] In mid-October 2012, the opposition activist group SOHR reported the
number of children killed in the conflict had risen to 2,300,[791] and in March 2013,
opposition sources stated that over 5,000 children had been killed.[779] In January
2014, a report was released detailing the systematic killing of more than 11,000
detainees of the Syrian government.[792]
On 20 August 2014, a new U.N. study concluded that at least 191,369 people have
died in the Syrian conflict.[793]
Illness[edit]
Once-rare infectious diseases have spread in rebel held areas, primarily affecting
children, brought on by the collapse of sanitation and deteriorating living conditions.
These include measles, typhoid, hepatitis, dysentery, tuberculosis, diphtheria,
whooping cough, leishmaniasis, (a disfiguring parasitic skin disease). Of particular
concern is the contagious and crippling Poliomyelitis which as of late 2013 doctors
and international public health agencies report more than 90 cases of. Critics of the
government complain that it has brought on the spread of disease by cutting off
vaccination, sanitation and safe-water services to "areas considered politically
unsympathetic" even before the uprising.[794]
Refugees[edit]
Main article: Refugees of the Syrian Civil War

Syrian refugees in Lebanon living in cramped quarters (6 August 2012).

The violence in Syria has caused millions to flee their homes. As of March 2015, AlJazeera estimates 10.9 million Syrians, or almost half the population, have been
displaced.[795] 3.8 million have been made refugees.[795][796] As of 2013, 1 in 3 of Syrian
refugees (about 667,000 people) sought safety in Lebanon (normally 4.8 million
population).[797] Others have fled to Jordan, Turkey, and Iraq. Turkey has accepted
1,700,000 (2015) Syrian refugees, half of whom are spread around a cities and
dozen camps placed under the direct authority of the Turkish Government. Satellite
images confirmed that the first Syrian camps appeared in Turkey in July 2011, shortly
after the towns of Deraa, Homs, and Hama were besieged.[798] In September 2014,
the UN stated that the number of Syrian refugees had exceeded 3 million.[799]
According to the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, Sunnis are leaving for Lebanon
and undermining Hezbollah's status. The Syrian refugee crisis has caused the
"Jordan is Palestine" threat to be diminished due to the onslaught of new refugees in
Jordan. Additionally, "the West Bank is undergoing emigration pressures which will
certainly be copied in Gaza if emigration is allowed".[800] Greek Catholic Patriarch
Gregorios III Laham claims more than 450,000 Syrian Christians have been
displaced by the conflict.[801]
Human rights violations[edit]
Main article: Human rights violations during the Syrian Civil War
According to various human rights organizations and United Nations, human rights
violations have been committed by both the government and the rebels, with the "vast

majority of the abuses having been committed by the Syrian government".[802][803][804][805]

The U.N. commission investigating human rights abuses in Syria confirms at least 9
intentional mass killings in the period 2012 to mid-July 2013, identifying the
perpetrator as Syrian government and its supporters in eight cases, and the
opposition in one.[806][807]

Syria's civil war victims

By late November 2013, according to the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Network
(EMHRN) report entitled "Violence against Women, Bleeding Wound in the Syrian
Conflict", approximately 6,000 women have been raped (including gang-rape) since
the start of the conflict with figures likely to be much higher given that most cases
go unreported.[808][809][810]
According to three international lawyers,[811] Syrian government officials could face
war crimes charges in the light of a huge cache of evidence smuggled out of the
country showing the "systematic killing" of about 11,000 detainees. Most of the
victims were young men and many corpses were emaciated, bloodstained and bore
signs of torture. Some had no eyes; others showed signs of strangulation or
electrocution.[812] Experts say this evidence is more detailed and on a far larger scale
than anything else that has yet emerged from the 34-month crisis.[813][814] On 30
January 2014, Human Rights Watch released a report detailing, between June 2012
and July 2013, government forces razing to the ground seven anti-government
districts in the cities of Damascus and Hama, equating to an area the size of 200
football fields. Witnesses spoke of explosives and bulldozers being used to knock
down buildings.[815] Satellite imagery was provided as part of the report and the
destruction was characterized as collective punishment against residents of rebelheld areas.[816]
UN reported also that "siege warfare is employed in a context of egregious human
rights and international humanitarian law violations. The warring parties do not fear
being held accountable for their acts." Armed forces of both sides of the conflict
blocked access of humanitarian convoys, confiscated food, cut off water supplies and
targeted farmers working their fields. The report pointed to four places besieged by
the government forces: Muadamiyah, Daraya, Yarmouk camp and Old City of Homs,
as well as two areas under siege of rebel groups: Aleppo and Hama.[817][818] In
Yarmouk Camp 20,000 residents are facing death by starvation due to blockade by
the Syrian government forces and fighting between the army and Jabhat al-Nusra,
which prevents food distribution by UNRWA.[817][819] In July 2015, the UN quietly
removed Yarmouk from its list of besieged areas in Syria, despite not having been
able deliver aid there for four months, and declined to explain why it had done so.[820]
In 2013, the UN estimated that sieges by government and opposition forces had left
more than 250,000 subjected to relentless shelling and bombardment.[821] The
OCHA's figure for February 2015 was 212,000,[744] though a study published the
following month by American doctors said this was a drastic underestimate, putting
the number of people besieged by the Syrian military alone at some 640,000.[822]

"They are denied humanitarian aid, food and such basic necessities as medical care,
and must choose between surrender and starvation," the members of the UN
Commission of Inquiry said.[821] At least 18,866 civilians have been killed in Syrian
government air attacks on rebel-held areas.[823]
ISIS forces have been accused by UN of using public executions, amputations and
lashings in a campaign to instill fear. "Forces of the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham
have committed torture, murder, acts tantamount to enforced disappearance and
forced displacement as part of attacks on the civilian population in Aleppo and
Raqqah governorates, amounting to crimes against humanity", said the report from
27 August 2014.[824]
Enforced disappearances and arbitrary detentions have also been a feature since the
Syrian uprising began.[825]

International reaction[edit]

Main articles: International reactions to the Syrian Civil War and

Vetoed UN resolutions on Syria
Esther Brimmer (U.S.) speaks at a United Nations Human Rights Council
urgent debate on Syria, February 2012

The Arab League, European Union, the United Nations,[740] and

many Western governments quickly condemned the Syrian
government's violent response to the protests, and expressed
support for the protesters' right to exercise free speech.[741] Initially,
many Middle Eastern governments expressed support for Assad,
but as the death toll mounted they switched to a more balanced
approach, criticizing violence from both government and
protesters. Both the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic
Cooperation suspended Syria's membership. Russia and China
vetoed Western-drafted United Nations Security Council
resolutions in 2011 and 2012, which would have threatened the
Syrian government with targeted sanctions if it continued military

actions against protestors.[742] China is deeply troubled by Turkey's

assistance in helping Uyghur jihadi fighters from the Uyghur
autonomist movement move to Syria.[129]

Background[edit]
Main article: Modern history of Syria
Assad government[edit]
See also: Al-Assad family

Pro-regime demonstration in Latakia, heartland of Assad's Alawite people

Syria became an independent republic in 1946, although democratic rule ended with
a coup in March 1949, followed by two more coups the same year. [119][120] A popular
uprising against military rule in 1954 saw the army transfer power to civilians. From
1958 to 1961, a brief union with Egypt replaced Syria's parliamentary system with a
highly centralized presidential regime.[121] The Ba'ath Syrian Regional Branch
government came to power through a successful coup d'tat in 1963. Another coup in
1966 overthrew the traditional leaders[clarification needed] of the party, Michel Aflaq and
Salah al-Din al-Bitar.[122] General Hafez al-Assad, the Minister of Defense, seized
power in the "corrective movement" in November 1970, becoming Prime Minister. In
March 1971, Hafez Assad declared himself President, a position that he held until his
death in 2000. Since then, the secular Syrian Regional Branch has remained the
dominant political authority in what was virtually a one-party state in Syria; Syrian
citizens could only approve the president by referendum and until the government-

controlled multi-party 2012 parliamentary election could not vote in multi-party

elections for the legislature.[123][clarification needed]
Bashar al-Assad took over as President of Syria from his father Hafez al-Assad. He
and his wife Asma al-Assad, a Sunni Muslim born and educated in Britain, [124] initially
inspired hopes for democratic and state reforms. A "Damascus Spring" of intense
social and political debate took place between July 2000 and August 2001. [125] The
period was characterized by the emergence of numerous political forums or salons,
where groups of like-minded people met in private houses to debate political and
social issues, and political activists such as Riad Seif, Haitham al-Maleh, Kamal alLabwani, Riyad al-Turk and Aref Dalila emerged.[126] The Riad Seif Forum and the
Jamal al-Atassi Forum were the most famous of these salons. The Damascus Spring
largely ended in August 2001 with the arrest and imprisonment of ten leading
activists who had called for democratic elections and a campaign of civil
disobedience.[127] After 2001 even reformists[clarification needed] in Parliament began to
criticize the legacy of stagnation since the rule of Hafez al-Assad; Bashar al-Assad
spoke about reform but carried out very little[citation needed], and according to analysts[who?]
he failed to deliver on promised reforms. [128] Assad opposed the U.S. invasion of Iraq
and the Bush Administration undertook to destabilize the regime by increasing
sectarian tensions, showcasing and focus on publicising Syrian repression of radical
Kurdish and Sunni groups and financing political dissidents.[129] A highly classified
2013 report by a joint U.S. army and intelligence group concluded that bringing down
Assad would have drastic consequences, since the opposition supported by the
Obama Administration was dominated by jihadist elements. The report was ignored,
according to Michael T. Flynn, the then director of the Defense Intelligence Agency,
by the American administration.[129]
Demographics[edit]
Main article: Demographics of Syria
Ethno-religious composition of people of Syria (% of 22,538,256)[130][131]
Arab-Sunni (60%)
Arab-Alawite (Shia) (12%)
Kurd-Sunni (9%)
Arab-Greek Orthodox, Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic (Latin Rite), Oriental
Orthodox (9%)
Armenian Christian (4%)
Arab-Druze (3%)
Arab-Ismaili (Shia) (2%)
Turkmen-Sunni, Circassian-Sunni, Assyrian Christian, and others (1%)
Bashar al-Assad's family, which has ruled Syria since 1970, is mixed: he himself is
married to a Sunni woman, with whom he has several children. His parents belong to
the minority Alawite religious group, an offshoot of Shi'ite Islam that comprises an
estimated 12 percent of the total Syrian population.[132] The Assad family has
maintained tight control on Syria's security services, [133] which allows the disgruntled
to claim institutionalized discrimination against Sunni Muslims in Syria,[134] a religious
group that makes up about three-quarters of Syria's population. Ethnic minority

Syrian Kurds have also protested and complained over ethnic discrimination and
denial of their cultural and language rights.[135][136] Assad's younger brother Maher alAssad commands the army's elite Fourth Armoured Division, and his brother-in-law,
Assef Shawkat, was the deputy minister of defense until his assassination in the 18
July 2012 Damascus bombing.
Socio-economics[edit]
Discontent against the government was[when?] strongest in Syria's poor areas,
predominantly among conservative Sunnis.[137] These included cities with high
poverty rates, such as Daraa and Homs and the poorer districts of large cities.
Socio-economic inequality increased significantly after free market policies were
initiated by Hafez al-Assad in his later years, and accelerated after Bashar al-Assad
came to power. With an emphasis on the service sector, these policies benefited a
minority of the nation's population, mostly people who had connections with the
government, and members of the Sunni merchant class of Damascus and Aleppo. [137]
The country also faced particularly high youth unemployment rates.[138]
This coincided with the most intense drought ever recorded in Syria which lasted from
2007 to 2010 and that resulted in a widespread crop failure, increase in food prices
and a mass migration of farming families to urban centers. [139] Syria had also received
in the same period around 1.5 million refugees from Iraq.[140]
By 2011, Syria was facing steep rises in the prices of commodities and a clear
deterioration in the national standard of living.[141]
Human rights[edit]
Main article: Human rights in Syria
The state of human rights in Syria has long been the subject of harsh criticism from
global organizations.[142] The country was under emergency rule from 1963 until 2011,
banning public gatherings of more than five people,[143] and effectively granting
security forces sweeping powers of arrest and detention. [144] Bashar al-Assad is
widely regarded as having been unsuccessful in implementing democratic change,
with a 2010 report from Human Rights Watch stating that he had failed to
substantially improve the state of human rights since taking power, although some
minor aspects had seen improvement.[145]
Rights of free expression, association and assembly were strictly controlled in Syria
even before the uprising.[146] The authorities harass and imprison human rights
activists and other critics of the government, who are often indefinitely detained and
tortured in poor prison conditions.[146] Women and ethnic minorities have faced
discrimination in the public sector.[146] Thousands of Syrian Kurds were denied
citizenship in 1962 and their descendants continued to be labeled as "foreigners". [147]
A number of riots in 2004 prompted increased tension in Syria's Kurdish areas, [148][149]
and there have been occasional clashes between Kurdish protesters and security
forces ever since.
http://www.youthmanual.com/post/terkini/berita/apa-penyebab-perang-sipil-di-suriahkamu-pasti-nggak-nyangka-16

INI LINK CERITANYA

Penyebab Perang di SURIAH

#1 FAKTOR : EKONOMI MINYAK & GAS

Negara Suriah adalah Salah Satu Tempat di Dunia yg Kaya

akan Sumber Daya Alam MINYAK dan GAS.
Minyak digunakan untuk sumber energi dan Listrik.
Sedangkan GAS. digunakan untuk Memasak dan juga untuk
Bahan Baku Pembuatan butiran-butiran PUPUK ANORGANIK
bagi Kesuburan Tanaman yg biasanya digunakan oleh Pak
Petani.
GAS adalah Bahan Baku utama yg ngga bisa Tergantikan
untuk Pembuatan PUPUK ANORGANIK Pupuk digunakan
untuk Tanaman demi menghasilkan Buah dan Sayuran. Bill
Gates mengatakan : Tanpa Pupuk Anorganik. Manusia bisa
mati Kelaparan.
Kabar Buruknya. Di Suriah. Banyak banget terdapat Ladang
MINYAK & GAS. Hal ini Lah, yg Jadi Perebutan Bagi Banyak
Pihak yg berperang disana.

#2 FAKTOR : POLITIK DAN AGAMA

Di Timur Tengah. POLITIK dan AGAMA ngga dapat
Terpisahkan. Dalam Kancah Politik. Ada Banyak Negara yg
menginginkan Minyak & Gas di Suriah. Termasuk 2 Negara

Raksasa Yaitu AMERIKA SERIKAT dan RUSIA.

Sayangnya, kabar buruk bagi Amerika Serikat adalah di
Negara Suriah, AS ngga memiliki Koneksi sama sekali. SURIAH
bukan Negara Sekutu bagi Amerika Serikat. Di Timur Tengah,
Amerika Serikat memiliki Sekutu dari Islam Sunni. Meliputi
Arab Saudi, Qatar, Kuwait, Mesir, Yordania, United
Emirat Arab, Pakistan, Turki, Irak, Afghanistan, Bahrain,
dll.
Tetapi Amerika Serikat kesulitan untuk bersekutu dengan
SURIAH. Karena yg menguasai Suriah adalah BASHAR AL
ASSAD.

Bagi Teman-Teman yg Belum Tahu. BASHAR AL ASSAD

adalah Presiden Islam Syiah di Suriah selama lebih dari
Bertahun-tahun. Ia juga adalah Pengganti dari ayahnya Hafez
Al ASSAD yg juga telah bertahun-tahun berkuasa.
BASHAR AL ASSAD telah membunuh 100.000 ribu rakyatnya
sendiri yg beragama ISLAM SUNNI. Bashar juga telah
memenjarakan lebih dari 200.000 Pejabat Partai Politik dari
ISLAM SUNNI.
Hal ini lah yg akhirnya menimbulkan kebencian bagi Rakyat
ISLAM SUNNI disana. Sehingga banyak orang di Suriah
membentuk banyak sekali Kelompok Pemberontak untuk
melawan dan menjatuhkan Pemerintahan BASHAR AL ASSAD.

Tentara Syiah Pro Assad Suriah

############ #######

Kelompok Pemberontak dari Rakyat Sunni. Sejalan dengan yg

diinginkan oleh Amerika Serikat untuk menjatuhkan Presiden
Bashar Al Assad. Amerika Serikat memang menginginkan
Bashar Al Assad jatuh dan lengser dari Kursi Pemerintahannya
Tersebut agar kelak bisa digantikan oleh Rakyat Sunni dari
Kaum Pemberontak Suriah. Dan akhirnya Amerika Serikat pun
bisa bersekutu dengan Suriah, seperti Negara-Negara Timur
Tengah lainnya yg telah menjadikan Amerika Serikat sebagai
Pemimpin.
Ujung-ujungnya,
AS
bisa
dengan
mudah
bekerjasama untuk Urusan Minyak & Gas.
Tak ayal, Amerika Serikat pun secara rutin mengirimkan
berbagai Senjata dan Peledak Anti-Tank kepada Kaum
Pemberontak melalui Udara untuk menjatuhkan Pemerintahan
Islam Syiah : Bashar Al Assad.
Artikel Lainnya :
~ Kabar Buruk : ISIS Bangun Camp Militer di Perbatasan Pakistan 2015
~ ALTAY, Tank Tercanggih Roda Rantai Baja MBT Pertama Buatan Turki 2015

TETAPI..?
Tetapi, Amerika Serikat kaget setengah mati. Dari Beberapa
Kaum Pemberontak (Pasukan Demokratik Suriah) Tersebut.
Ada 1 Kaum Oposisi Pemberontak dari Islam Sunni yg ngga
dikenal oleh Amerika Serikat kala itu. Yang saat ini kita kenal
dengan sebutan ISIS.

ISIS lain daripada yg lain. ISIS diketahui juga ingin Bashar

Al Assad di Jatuhkan Sejalan dengan yg diinginkan oleh
Amerika Serikat. Tetapi ISIS juga membunuh kaum
Pemberontak Suriah dari Islam Sunni lainnya. Ini membuat
Amerika Serikat Kebingungan setengah mati. Lho kok dia
membunuh Pemberontak dari Islam Sunni juga. Padahal waktu
itu Amerika Serikat juga mengirim senjata kepada kelompok
ISIS ini.
Setelah Intelijen Amerika Serikat Selidiki secara Mendalam.

Ternyata Kelompok ISIS ini. emang UNIK SENDIRI.

ISIS Ingin Mendirikan Negaranya Sendiri yg disebut dengan
Kekalifahan dengan Bendera khas HITAM. dan menolak
menjadikan Amerika Serikat sebagai Pemimpin. Termasuk juga
menolak dari Golongan Islam Syiah. Bahkan ISIS juga
menargetkan. Bagi Siapa saja Rakyat dari Islam Sunni yg
memilih bekerjasama atau menjadikan Amerika Serikat
sebagai Sekutu atau Pemimpin Demokrasi. Maka akan jadi
Musuh ISIS.
Wow.? Ini Bikin Kaget Pejabat-Pejabat Militer Amerika Serikat
Linglung setengah mati.
Amerika Serikat pun langsung mencap ISIS sebagai
TERORIST dan langsung ikut mengempur ISIS dari udara
Pada Tahun 2014 yg Lalu.
Sayang beribu sayang, Kekuatan ISIS begitu Kuat dan Tak
Pernah Takut Mati. Kelompok Pemberontak Sunni diserbunya,
Tentara Syiah Rezim Assad pun tak sanggup membendung
keganasan ISIS. ISIS dengan Brutal melakukan Pembunuhan
tanpa kenal ampun. Dan merambah ke berbagai Negara.
ISIS menangkap Tentara-Tentara Syiah yg disebut ISIS
sebagai Tentara Sesat, ISIS juga menangkap Tentara-Tentara
SUNNI yg Pro Pimpinan Amerika Serikat. yg disebut ISIS
sebagai Tentara Murtad. ISIS juga pernah membunuh
Wartawan-Wartawan Amerika Serikat dan Tentara Amerika
Serikat disebut ISIS sebagai Tentara Kafir/Salib.

Foto : ISIS menangkap Tentara Syiah Suriah yg dianggap ISIS sebagai

Tentara Sesat
Presiden Syiah Al Assad pun meminta Bantuan dari Sekutunya.
Yaitu dari Negara SYiah Terbesar di Dunia. Yaitu IRAN dan
HIZZBULAH LEBANON. Dan juga meminta bantuan
Pertolongan Rusia untuk membantu melindungi sang Presiden
Al Assad yg hampir kehabisan Nafas.

Foto : Syria dan Iran adalah Sahabat Sejati

Disisi Lain, Kelompok Pemberontak Sunni di Suriah Sekutu
Amerika Serikat. juga meminta bantuan Serangan udara
Amerika Serikat dan Koalisi. Untuk melindungi diri dari
Serangan ISIS.

Foto : ISIS menembak mati rakyat dari Islam Sunni yg dianggap ISIS s
orang-orang Murtad yang menjadikan Amerika Serikat sebagai Pemimpi
Sampai saat ini, Perang Suriah masih berlanjut dan ISIS terus
melawan merabat ke Berbagai Negara. Secara Garis Besar ada
3 Kelompok yang berperang di Suriah. Yaitu :
1]. Rezim Al Assad bersama sekutu Syiahnya : Iran,
Hizzbulah dan dari Tentara Sekutu Lain dari RUSIA, dll.
2]. Kelompok Pemberontak Islam Sunni (Pasukan
Pemberontak Demokratik Suriah). Bersama Sekutu
Pimpinanya Tentara SALIB : (Amerika Serikat, Ferancis,
Inggris, Australia, Belgia, dll) Liga Arab : Turki,
Yordania, Mesir, Irak, dan ada juga Kurdi, dll.
3]. ISIS
atau
biasanya
juga
disebut
DAULAH
ISLAMIYYAH (Tak ada Sekutu, Hanya Seorang Diri. Taliban,
Al-Qaedah, Jabhat Al Nusrah, dll juga menjadi Musuh
ISIS) GBU