(CESS10— Advanced Structural Concrete Design CES5510 Advanced Structural Concrete Design NUS National University of Singapore Assignment II Session 2005/2006 Semester 2 Question 2 Submitted by: Tew Beng Wah (H1053022W)‘CE5S10— Advanced Structural Concrete Design 1. Introduction Typical floor plan is shown in Figure 1. ‘The 200mm thick 6mx6m panel between GL 2-3 and GLB-C is used to illustrate the “best” and worst location. Assume loading 1. 2. 3. 2. Self-weight of slab 4.8KN/m? Superimposed Dead load to account for any finishes or screeding 1.2KN m? Live load of SKN/ m? Methodology ‘The opening size assumed is 200x200 mm, Use of the yield line theory to determine the best and worst location by assuming an isotropically reinforced slab by assuming a postulated failure mechanism around the opening. The additional reinforcement required around opening is then determined by using Hillerborg Strip method. Use of design table in BS8110 to determine reinforcement without consideration of opening. Trimmer bars around the opening are then determined by using a rule of thumb commonly used in practice for small opening in slab. This is to allow comparison with the results from Hillerborg Strip Method,pm (8 ie roorwo une xove-3-—}_| 14 1ST FLOOR PLAN s.z00 UsLE88 THERE STATED, ‘Shiu stu sui BE dco Aico coum aris os |S. ALL STANCHION (8 ) SHALL BE 250x250x06,5igim UC ‘{CAERGSEAM SHALL Be eooea0 S-AICR SU SAL ame M4 Fagen RC FLAT ROOF PLA! y4E63OVERMEE STATED, i ALL RC BEAM SHALL BE 600x200 ‘ALL SLAB SHALL BE 20cm THK‘CESS10~ Advanced Structural Conerete Design 3___ Yield Line Theory A failure mechanism is first assumed with a 200x200 mm opening assumed at a distance 11 and |; from the edge of the beam as shown in the calculation. By equating the external work done with the internal work done the Equation 1 in the following pages is obtained Intuitively, the best location would be at the edge of the beam. In practice service openings are normally provided at location with beams. To illustrate this point I, in Equation 1 is varied by keeping lp constant at 3m. As shown in the chart below the required bending moment capacity my per m increases as the opening is shifted towards the center of the panel (when ly is 3m). The smallest bending moment capacity required is at the edge of the panel when 1; is 0 or 6m. Due to the symmetry of the problem one ‘would expect the result to be similar by keeping 1; constant and varying . Variation of m, 00 1.0 20 3.0 40 5.0 60 Distance l from edge of beam m ‘The magnitude of my required as 1; approaches 0 or 6 m is unrealistically low. This probably would not be the true reinforcement required. The failure mechanism assumed in this case may not be the most critical mechanism as the opening is shifted towards the edge of the panel. ‘Normally more reinforcement would be provided at the edge of the openings in the form of trimmer bars, The failure mechanism assumed here would not be able to determine the additional reinforcement required. However from the yield line theory we could establish the best and worst location for an opening. From the above the best location would then be when |; and lz are both zero. The worst location is when the opening is in the middle of the panel when 1 and lis 3m.frame wrepenty ctfee! sb, ‘ore Hg =Iniy = My Sub cunko sleb mts $ ragain Le te dents the tod te hb a cee. 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Tog = C02 BY 1) eae ee aie ied fu WW ab hy G, «ies 02D, ZW ed, > a Whe mb Zo A be = My ry 4) Shee My + thy > My Tide = yo 4 Lay ec a MSA + Bog) ep - Ie 4 POM Gg + Beh) 20g Sm ( Bah sted, sth * Ey) Wes = bm% fess) Wed = Che ff, Lika = Om [f, Zile = bm 156-6)Gtumal Dap = temo — (Bade 20, (58 -G 133)4 34% S-4Y 2133) 1 5A) 4 4M, (2-183 9. 2 Aye 7 4 thy + alg 1#)- Mls bk * Sa) 4 nf A bat sted SL, (Shun a) + ACG a S35) ‘ He ‘ 4 by yee sta + R +¢Z } Z 7 {mn b-09 § O64) *6S-M th +4 } 4 7 My, L. & “Pa tHe GIL *8y) if shed), Shih sat Sg 7 MO RS" (Sent Sty sth t sha ee S- ne dF no O- (4S # (IE 4 Les = fhe Wm? .CES510-~ Advanced Structural Conerete Design 4.__Hillerborg Strip Method The additional reinforcement required to strengthened the openings are determined using Hillerborg Strip Method. The method is ideal for this purpose as “strong bands” can be assumed at the location where the additional reinforcement is required. From the sketch shown in the next page it can again be seen clearly that additional “strong bands” would be required should the opening be shifted away from the edge of the panel. At this chosen location only two “strong bands” would be required. The opening along ab and ad is “reinforced” by the beam. ‘The additional reinforcement is determined for the “best “location only. Based on the assumed load distribution the additional reinforcement required to reinforce the opening is 5T20 top and bottom in Sect 6-6 direction and 2T13 top and bottom in Sect 4-4 direction. The exceptionally large amount of reinforcement required in Sect 6-6 is due to the assumed load distribution, This strong band acts almost like a beam taking the bulk of the loading from the slab that would be distributed to the beam along ab in the absence of the opening. Using the design table and procedure outline in BS8110 110-150 (bottom) both way and T10-200 (top) both way is required for both deflection control and to prevent failure. ‘A better agreement with the additional reinforcement obtained using the rule of thumb could be obtained using the assumed load distribution and strong band below. 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