Input Output: Tutorial

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INPUT OUTPUT
TUTORIAL
By:RAHUL RITURAJ & VIVEK SINGH
2015
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INPUT OUTPUT
In INPUT OUTPUT type of problems, candidates are required to check out the pattern given in
the arrangement of the question and then find out the desired output step, according to what the
question asked.
In order to solve these questions, one has to think that there is some kind of machine or computer
which gives output according to what it receives as the input. This machine
works on a predetermined pattern and will give output at different steps.
Always check the last step of the arrangement you get an idea that what logic are used in the
arrangement.
Two types of questions are asked from this chapter.
1) Shifting : In this type of question, All questions are based on interchanging position of
elements.
2) Arrangement: In this type of question of arrangement, words would be arranged in
alphabetical order (may be in increasing or in decreasing form) and number would be
arranged in increasing or decreasing order.
Arrangement is classified in to following types:
1) Fixed Logic
2) Shuffling
3) Position Interchange
4) Double Logic
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IN SHIFTING---------- WE CAN DETERMINED THE PREVIOUS STEPS EVEN GIVEN

INPUT ALSO.
BUT IN ARRANGEMENT-------- WE CAN NOT DETERMINED THE PREVIOUS STEPS.
Fixed Logic: The position of elements, once they reach their desired place, becomes fixed i.e.
they stop moving.
Fixed logic is Three types:
1) Number Logic
2) Letter/ Words Logic
3) Mixed Logic
Number Logic: In this type of questions the input has some numbers.
Different steps are obtained by taking the numbers of the input and different arithmetic
operations are performed after that.
Arithmetic operation is possible if and only if the input has only the numbers. If the input has
numbers and the chances of arrangement and shifting are not there, the problem is based on
arithmetic operations for sure.
Sometimes some different logics are used-- EVEN NUMBERS (ascending order or descending order)
ODD NUMBERS (ascending order or descending order)
EvenOdd..Even.Odd (Ascending order or descending order)
OddEven.OddEven (Ascending order or descending order)
Even (increasing/decreasing)
.(increasing/decreasing) Odd
Letter / Words Logic: In this type of questions the input has some Letter / Words.
Different steps are obtained by taking the Letter / Words of the input and different operations
are performed after that.
operation is possible if and only if the input has only the Letter / Words. If the input has Letter /
Words and the chances of arrangement and shifting are not there, the problem is based on Letter
/ Words operations for sure.
Sometimes some different logics are used---
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Vowels (May be in increasing or decreasing order)

Consonant (May be in increasing or decreasing order)
VowelConsonantVowel.Consonant.
Consonant..Vowel.ConsonantVowel
Vowels (decreasing form).
..(increasing form) Consonants.
Miscellaneous Type:
In this type of questions covers miscellaneous questions.
This input can be anything and machine performs set of random operations on this.
If none of the above type is applicable then you can sure that the given problem is of
miscellaneous type.
Some important tips
1. First of all observe the given input line of words and numbers and the last step of
rearrangement, so that candidate may get an idea about the changes in various
steps of rearrangement.
2. In order to know what changes have been made in each step, observe two consecutive steps
carefully.
3. Now, correlate the input, the last step and anyone of the middle steps. This will enable you to
identify the rule of arrangement.
Key Factor It becomes very easy to solve this type of problems if you are able to understand the
arrangements of the input.
It is important to understand above arrangement to solve the question of machine input.
Mostly it can be easily understood by last step/final output.
If we go directly towards the final step of an input we find that all numbers/ words are
arranged systematically.
The systems can be.
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Numbers- ascending, descending, etc.

Words- Alphabetically, opposite alphabetically, alphabetically in vowels/consonants etc.
In mixed form - if numbers and words both are given in arrangement mostly words are only
related to next word and number to number.
EXAMPLE OF ARRANGEMENT:
Now-a-days, the Exams are also giving arrangements from both the sides which is double logic.
Let us try it.
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and
rearrangement.
Input: car and home loan borrowers are being addressed.
Step I: addressed car and home borrowers are being loan.
Step II: addressed and car borrowers are being loan home.
Step III: addressed and are borrowers being loan home car.
Step IV: addressed and are being loan home car borrowers.
Step V: addressed and are loan home car borrowers being.
Step V is the last step of the rearrangement of the above
input.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in each of the following questions the
appropriate step for the given input.
Input- each of the five questions has only one distinct answer
Q.1. How many steps would be needed to complete the arrangement?
(1) Four (2) Six (3) Five (4) Seven
(5) None of these
Q.2. Which step number would be the following output answer each of one only distinct the
question has five
(1) IV
(2) V (3) VI (4) VII (5) None of these
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EXPLANATION:
In this question, elements are arranging in both sides.
One side- Vowels are arranging in increasing order and
Other side- Consonants are arranging in decreasing order step by step.
Input: each of the five questions has only one distinct answer
Step I. answer each of five questions has only one distinct the
Step II. answer each of one five has only distinct the question
Step III. answer each of one only five distinct the question has
Step IV. answer each of one only distinct the question has five
Step V. answer each of one only the question has five distinct
Q.1. Ans (3)
Q.2. Ans (1)
EXAMPLE OF ARITHMETIC OPERATION:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of numbers rearranges them
following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and
rearrangement.
Q.1. Input - 23 65 21 39 48 56 45
Step I - 21 23 65 39 48 56 45
Step II - 21 23 39 65 48 56 45
Step III- 21 23 39 45 65 48 56
Step IV -21 23 39 45 48 65 56
Step V - 21 23 39 45 48 56 65
Step V is the final step of the above arrangement.
As per the above arrangement solve the following
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question.
Q.1. Input - 35 96 28 36 16 29 33
How many steps will it take to complete the rearrangement?
EXPLANATION:
If we focus on above arrangements output we analyze that numbers are arranged in ascending
order. Finally it is clear that we have to arrange all these numbers in ascending order but if we
analyze each step then we find that only one number is arranged in each step.
That means the solution must be Input - 35 96 28 36 16 29 33
Step I - 16 35 96 28 36 29 33
Step II- 16 28 35 96 36 29 33
Step III - 16 28 29 35 96 36 33
Step IV -16 28 29 33 35 96 36
Step V- 16 28 29 33 35 36 96
Step Vth will be the answer.
EXAMPLE OF MISCELLANEOUS:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an
input line of words and numbers rearranges them following a
particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of
input and rearrangement.
Input - Ram fell 26 35 In 62 23 well
Step I - 62 Ram fell 26 35 In 23 well
Step II - 62 fell Ram 26 35 In 23 well
Step III - 62 fell 35 Ram 26 In 23 well
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Step IV- 62 fell 35 In Ram 26 23 well

Step V - 62 fell 35 In 26 Ram 23 well
And Step Vth is the final step of the rearrangement of the above Input.
As per the rules followed in the above steps, find out in the following question the appropriate
step for the given input.
Q.1. Input - Orange Banana 35 32 61 Axe Zoo 18 In
How many steps are required to complete the above arrangement?
EXPLANATION:
If we focus upon the last step of arrangement we find that numbers and words are arranged in
alternative order and numbers are arranged in descending order and words are arranged in
alphabetical order where number starts first as in step I and when we focus on each step we find
that each element is arrange step by step.
Input - Orange Banana 35 32 61 Axe Zoo 18
Step I. 61 Orange Banana 35 32 Axe Zoo 18
Step II. 61 Axe Orange Banana 35 32 Zoo 18
Step III. 61 Axe 35 Orange Banana 32 Zoo 18
Step IV. 61 Axe 35 Banana Orange 32 Zoo 18
Step IV. 61 Axe 35 Banana 32 Orange Zoo 18
Step VI. 61 Axe 35 Banana 32 Orange 18 Zoo
Finally we focus that step VI is the last step of above arrangement.
Remember is Step No. IV we found that the word Orange arrange itself.
In above cases we found that input are arranged from the left side only.
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Speed Developing Practice Test

Instructions:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers
rearranges them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input
and rearrangement.
Input: go now 53 39 18 for again 66
Step 1 : 66 go now 53 39 18 for again
Step 2 : 66 again go now 53 39 18 for
Step 3 : 66 again 53 go now 39 18 for
Step 4 : 66 again 53 for go now 39 18
Step 5 : 66 again 53 for 39 go now 18
Step 7 : 66 again 53 for 39 go 18 now
As per the rule followed in the following questions the appropriate step for the given input.
Input: chanoyu wink 24 44 57 Heinz beech 71.
How many steps will be required to complete the rearrangement?
A.) Three
B.) Four
C.) Five
D.) Six
Answer: Option 'D'
Write the first letters of the given problem.
Step 1 : 71 C W 24 44 57 H B
Step 2 : 71 B C W 24 44 57 H
Step 3 : 71 B 57 C W 24 44 H
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Step 4 : 71 B 57 C 44 W 24 H
Step 5 : 71 B 57 C 44 H 24 W
Step 6 : 71 B 57 C 44 H 24 W
Input: trees 18 27 desk are 91 hour zero 31 16 chairs.

Which of the following will be step 4 ?
A.) 91 are 31 trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16 chairs
B.) 91 trees 18 27 desk are hour zero 31 16 chairs
C.) 91 are 31 chairs trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16
D.) 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 trees hour zero 16
Answer: Option 'C'
Step 1 : 91 trees 18 27 desk are hour zero 31 16 chairs
Step 2 : 91 are trees 18 27 desk hour zero 31 16 chairs
Step 3 : 91 are 31 trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16 chairs
Step 4 : 91 are 31 chairs trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16
Step 5 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 trees 18 desk hour zero 16
Step 6 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk trees 18 hour zero 16
Step 7 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 trees hour zero 16
Step 8 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 hour trees zero 16
Step 9 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 hour 16 trees zero
Input: how two 38 23 87 43 room over

Which of the following steps will be the last?
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A.) Step 4 B.) Step 5

C.) Step 6 D.) Step 7
Answer: Option 'C'

Step 1 : 87 how two 38 23 43 room over
Step 2 : 87 how 43 two 38 23 room over
Step 3 : 87 how 43 over two 38 23 room
Step 4 : 87 how 43 over 38 two 23 room
Step 5 : 87 how 43 over 38 room two 23
Step 6 : 87 how 43 over 38 room 23 two
Step 2 of an input is: 94 car 86 window shut 52 31 house

Which of the following is definitely the input?
A.) 94 car window 86 shut 52 31 house B.) 86 window 94 car shut 52 31 house
C.) car shut window 86 52 31 house 94 D.) cannot be determined
Answer: Option 'D'

From the given step input cannot be determined
Instructions:
A word and number arrangement machine when given an input line of words and numbers
rearranges
them following a particular rule in each step. The following is an illustration of input and
rearrangement.
Input: go now 53 39 18 for again 66
Step 1 : 66 go now 53 39 18 for again
Step 2 : 66 again go now 53 39 18 for
Step 3 : 66 again 53 go now 39 18 for
Step 4 : 66 again 53 for go now 39 18
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Step 7 : 66 again 53 for 39 go 18 now
As per the rule followed in the following questions the appropriate step for the given input.
Input: chanoyu wink 24 44 57 Heinz beech 71.
How many steps will be required to complete the rearrangement?
A.) Three
B.) Four
C.) Five
D.) Six
Answer: Option 'D'
Write the first letters of the given problem.
Step 1 : 71 C W 24 44 57 H B
Step 2 : 71 B C W 24 44 57 H
Step 3 : 71 B 57 C W 24 44 H
Step 4 : 71 B 57 C 44 W 24 H
Step 5 : 71 B 57 C 44 H 24 W
Step 6 : 71 B 57 C 44 H 24 W
Input: trees 18 27 desk are 91 hour zero 31 16 chairs.

Which of the following will be step 4 ?
A.) 91 are 31 trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16 chairs
B.) 91 trees 18 27 desk are hour zero 31 16 chairs
C.) 91 are 31 chairs trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16
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D.) 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 trees hour zero 16

Answer: Option 'C'
Step 1 : 91 trees 18 27 desk are hour zero 31 16 chairs
Step 2 : 91 are trees 18 27 desk hour zero 31 16 chairs
Step 3 : 91 are 31 trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16 chairs
Step 4 : 91 are 31 chairs trees 18 27 desk hour zero 16
Step 5 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 trees 18 desk hour zero 16
Step 6 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk trees 18 hour zero 16
Step 7 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 trees hour zero 16
Step 8 : 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 hour trees zero 16
Input: how two 38 23 87 43 room over

Which of the following steps will be the last?
Answer: Option 'C'

Step 1 : 87 how two 38 23 43 room over
Step 2 : 87 how 43 two 38 23 room over
Step 3 : 87 how 43 over two 38 23 room
Step 4 : 87 how 43 over 38 two 23 room
Step 5 : 87 how 43 over 38 room two 23
Step 6 : 87 how 43 over 38 room 23 two
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Step 2 of an input is: 94 car 86 window shut 52 31 house

Which of the following is definitely the input?
A.) 94 car window 86 shut 52 31 house B.) 86 window 94 car shut 52 31 house
C.) car shut window 86 52 31 house 94 D.) cannot be determined
Answer: Option 'D'

From the given step input cannot be determined
Input: show 51 37 now for 82 49 goot

Which of the following steps will be the last but one?
Answer: Option 'C'

Step 1 : 82 show 51 37 now for 49 goot
Step 2 : 82 for show 51 37 now 49 goot
Step 3 : 82 for 51 show 37 now 49 goot
Step 4 : 82 for 51 goot show 37 now 49
Step 5 : 82 for 51 goot 49 show 37 now
Step 6 : 82 for 51 goot 49 now show 37
Step 7 : 82 for 51 goot 49 now 37 show
Step 4 of an input is: 58 box 47 dew 15 21 town pot

Which of the steps will be the last?
Answer: Option 'B'

Step 4: 58 box 47 dew 15 21 town pot
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Step 6: 58 box 47 dew 21 pot 15 town
Input: show 51 37 now for 82 49 goot

Which of the following steps will be the last but one?
Answer: Option 'C'

Step 1 : 82 show 51 37 now for 49 goot
Step 2 : 82 for show 51 37 now 49 goot
Step 3 : 82 for 51 show 37 now 49 goot
Step 4 : 82 for 51 goot show 37 now 49
Step 5 : 82 for 51 goot 49 show 37 now
Step 6 : 82 for 51 goot 49 now show 37
Step 7 : 82 for 51 goot 49 now 37 show
Step 4 of an input is: 58 box 47 dew 15 21 town pot

Which of the steps will be the last?
Answer: Option 'B'

Step 6: 58 box 47 dew 21 pot 15 town
......................................................................................................................................................
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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

IN SHIFTING---------- WE CAN DETERMINED THE PREVIOUS STEPS EVEN GIVEN

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

Vowels (May be in increasing or decreasing order)

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

Numbers- ascending, descending, etc.

(5) None of these

(2) V (3) VI (4) VII (5) None of these

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

Step IV- 62 fell 35 In Ram 26 23 well

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I dias First a solutel Free O li e Ba k E a

Speed Developing Practice Test

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Input: trees 18 27 desk are 91 hour zero 31 16 chairs.

Input: how two 38 23 87 43 room over

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A.) Step 4 B.) Step 5

Answer: Option 'C'

Step 2 of an input is: 94 car 86 window shut 52 31 house

Answer: Option 'D'

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Step 5 : 66 again 53 for 39 go now 18

Input: trees 18 27 desk are 91 hour zero 31 16 chairs.

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D.) 91 are 31 chairs 27 desk 18 trees hour zero 16

Input: how two 38 23 87 43 room over

Answer: Option 'C'

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Step 2 of an input is: 94 car 86 window shut 52 31 house

Answer: Option 'D'

Input: show 51 37 now for 82 49 goot

Answer: Option 'C'

Step 4 of an input is: 58 box 47 dew 15 21 town pot

Answer: Option 'B'

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