NOTES

Syllogism is one of the most important topic in reasoning section because it carries 5 marks in
prelims examination out of 35 and there are times when in mains examination as well, questions
have come from this topic but ofcourse they were lengthy and time-taking. In this article, we
will be covering the tips and tricks which will be beneficial for you to solve this topic in
minimum time with maximum accuracy. So make sure you read it whole and right.

Concept Of Syllogism
The concept of syllogism is simple and is based on the logical ability of a candidate. You are not
expected to assume things based on your common belief. Instead, there are certain rules that you
must follow while solving this topic. We solve this by doing the visual representation of the
statements and then marking the answer following them. This visual representation is known as
venn diagram. Given below are the how we represent certain relationships.

Rule 1- All A are B, as per this rule all the elements of the first are put inside the second
element.

Rule 2- No A are B, this just shows that there is no relationship between the two elements

Rule 3- Some A are B, this implies that some of the elements of A are part of some of the
element of B

Rule 4- Some A are not B, this implies that some of the elements of A are not B.

Another important rule in syllogism is to never assume anything by your own until and unless it
is not given or mentioned. You will come across to certain statements that will not be coherent
with the day today known facts but you have to work on those statement with your logical
reasoning and not with your general awareness.

Given below are the statement type you will come across to in Syllogism:

Type 1: All A are B

Type 2: No A is B

Type 3: Some A are B

Type 4: Some A are not B

Given below is the Conclusion Type:

Type 1: All A are B

Type 2: No A are B

Type 3: Some A are B

Type 4: Some A are not B

Type 5: All A are B is a possibilities

Type 6: All A are not B is a possibilities

Type 7: At least some A areB

Types of conclusion in syllogism

There are mainly three types of conclusion in syllogism as given below:

1. Positive- where we are 100% sure.

2. Negative- In this, we are sure that it doesn’t
3. Possibility- In this we are not 100% sure but Possible case may occur. In syllogism, a conclusion
which is not 100% sure, it’s possibilities can happen i.e we are doubtful in saying it but the
possibility may occur

Study Notes: Input-Output For Bank PO

Input-Output play an important role in an examination. 5 Questions come from this topic in
every PO and Clerk level examination. Using a right approach you can easily score a good marks
in this topic.

In input-output problems you are asked to imagine that there is some kind of computer or a
word-procesing machine and this machine performs some operations on a given input. These
operations are performed repeatedly as per a per-fixed pattern or rule and subsequently we have
different output in different steps.

These (Input-output) types of questions regularly come in the competitive examinations

(specially Bank PO exam).
Although they may look complex but they are not so tough only factor in that they are time
consuming and time is
premium in a competitive test these days.
Guidelines: (Approach for solving the questions)
(1) Our 1st step will be to see the input.
(2) In 2nd step, we should see the final output.
(3) And at last, we should focus on first step and so on to understand the pattern of arrangement.

Types of pattern followed in Input-output:

* Words are in ascending order.
For example : a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i……
* Words are in descending order
For example : X, W, S, P, K, H, D…….
* Number are in ascending order.
For example : 1, 2, 7, 9, 10, 13, 17, 22, ……….
* Numbers are in descending order.
For example : 29, 26, 24, 21, 17, 13, 10, 9, 7, 4,…….
* count of words are in ascending order.
For example : I, do, pen, wise, Mango, should ……….
* Count of words are in descending order.
For example : Mangoes, could, kite can, so, I,…..
* Sum of digits in ascending order
For example : 10, 11, 21, 13, 32, 51, 61, 81, 28……..
* Sum of digits in descending order.
For example : 28, 81, 61, 51, 32, 13, 21, 11, 10……

Points to Remember
(1) In Input-output, the most important thing is to understand the pattern of the steps, how they
are arranging.
(2) Looking at the last and other steps, you can understand the pattern of question.
(3) Be careful in mix shifting pattern, i.e. shifting from both left and right side.
(4) Some times characters/digits get automatically arranged in steps. So, for that step another
increasing/decreasing characters/digits should be arranged.
(5) The most important thing is to be noted that from given step, previous step can’t be
determined.

Example 1- Input: 2568 7625 9732 8214 1129 4622

Step I: 8652 7652 9732 8421 9211 6422
Step II: 6422 7652 8421 8652 9211 9732
Step III: 62 72 81 82 91 92
Step IV: 4 5 7 6 8 7
Explanation: Logic- For step I- All the digits of the given numbers are arranged in descending
order within the numbers.
For Step II- All the numbers obtained in step I are arranged in ascending order from the left end.
For Step III- middle two digits of the numbers are omitted.
For step IV- The digits of the numbers obtained in step III are subtracted.

Example 2- Input: phase 73 iconic 24 record 15 under 39 summer 54 36 across

Step I: 24 phase iconic record 15 under 39 summer 54 36 across 73
Step II: phase 24 iconic record 15 39 summer 54 36 across 73 under
Step III: 36 phase 24 iconic record 15 summer 54 across 73 under 39
Step IV: record 36 phase 24 15 summer 54 across 73 under 39 iconic
Step V: 54 record 36 phase 24 summer across 73 under 39 iconic 15
Step VI: summer 54 record 36 phase 24 73 under 39 iconic 15 across
Exaplanation: Logic- (i) The words and numbers are arranged in alternatively in every step
starting from the numbers. Two words/number are arranged in each step.
(ii) Even numbers are arranged at the leftmost end in increasing order, while the odd numbers are
arranged at the rightmost end in decreasing order in each alternate step.
(iii) The words starting with a consonant are arranged at the left most end in increasing
alphabetical order and the words starting with a vowel are arranged at the rightmost end in
decreasing alphabetical order in each step.

Example 3- Input: 53 86 22 15 48 93 37 74
Step I: 22 53 86 15 48 93 37 74
Step II: 93 22 53 86 15 48 37 74
Step III: 48 93 22 53 86 15 37 74
Step IV: 53 48 93 22 86 15 37 74
Step V: 74 53 48 93 22 86 15 37
Step VI: 37 74 53 48 93 22 86 15
Step VII: 86 37 74 53 48 93 22 15
Step VIII: 15 86 37 74 53 48 93 22
Explaination: Logic- One even and one odd number are arranged in each alternate step.
Even numbers are arranged at the leftmost end in increasing order, while the odd numbers are
arranged at the leftmost end in decreasing order in each alternate step.

Reasoning Blood Relation: Question & Answer For Bank Exam

Are you preparing for the banking examination 2021? As the competition is increasing rapidly, the
students who are preparing for the upcoming banking examination should start preparing well for the
same. As we all are well aware about the exam pattern of banking examination, reasoning plays an
important role in both prelims and mains examination, as all the subjects in the examination are equally
important, but many students says reasoning to be quite tricky subject, and yes it is quite a tricky one,
but if you have a very good command in this subject then this subject is a scoring one. So, today we are
going to provide you the detail concept of Blood Relation:

• Blood Relation is a must-do part of the exam. As it may come for 5 marks and you know every mark is
important.
• In Blood Relation question certain information is given about the members of the family. Based on that
information you need to find out the relationship between a particular member of the family.

• Now, take a look at below given “Generation Table” which will help you to understand the different
relationship.

Blood relation For Bank PO

we are presenting the relation in two different forms:
1. Relations of paternal side:

i. Father’s Father – Grandfather

ii. Father’s Mother – Grandmother

iii. Father’s Brother – Uncle

iv. Father’s Sister – Aunt

v. Children of Uncle – cousin vi. Wife of Uncle – Aunt vii. Children of Aunt – Cousin viii. Husband of Aunt
– Uncle

2. Relations of maternal side:

i. Mother’s Father – Maternal Grandfather

ii. Mother’s Mother –Maternal Grandmother

iii. Mother’s Brother – Maternal Uncle

iv. Mother’s Sister – Aunt

v. Children of Maternal Uncle – Cousin

vi. Wife of Maternal uncle – Maternal Aunt

• The solve questions of Blood Relations easily, you can take help of “Generation Tree”.

 Types of questions asked from Blood Relations: 

1. Based on Dialogue or Conversation

2. Based on Puzzles

3. Based on Symbolically coded

Based on Conversation or Dialogue-

In this type of questions, the one person talking to or doing chit-chat with other person giving
information by pointing to some picture or person.
Example: Pointing to a lady on the stage, Monika said, “She is the sister of the son of the wife of my
husband.” How is the lady related to Monika?

Solution: Find who you can easily relate to and be that person-then go about creating one relation after
another.

In this question, be Monika-then start from the end of the sentence.

“My husband” = Monika’s husband

‘Wife of my husband’ = is me = Monika

‘Son of the wife of my husband’ = My Son

‘Sister of the Son of the wife of my Husband’ = My Son’s Sister = My daughter

‘She’ is the sister of the son of the wife of my husband’ = the lady on the stage = the lady being pointed
out = my daughter.

So, the lady on the stage is Monika’s daughter.

Based on Puzzles: 

In this type of question, you have to conclude the relations between two given person based on more
than one information given in the question.

Example: In a family of eight people, there is three generations and two couples. R is the brother of Z,
who is the grandchild of X. X is married to P. L is the father of Z. P is the father in law of U.  L is the
brother of Y and K. K is the aunt of Z. How is P related to K?

(a) Grandfather

(b) father in law

(c) Father

(d) Mother

(e) None of these

So, P is the father of K.

Based on Symbols: 

In this type of question, information is coded in the form of symbols life D, #, $, % ……. etc.

Example: Read the following information carefully.

(i) P % Q means P is the father of Q.

(ii) P @ Q means P is the brother of Q.

(iii) P $ Q means P is the daughter of Q.

(iv) P * Q means P is the son of Q.

(v) P © Q means P is the mother of Q

(vi) P & Q means P is the wife of Q

Who among the following is daughter in law of Z in the relation- ‘T & Y % S & X * Z’ is true?

(a) X

(b) Y

(c) T

(d) S

(e) Can’t be determine

here, from the above generation tree. we can easily find out S is daughter in law of Z.