Korean Textbook

Korean Textbook
For beginners through slightly advanced.
PDF generated using the open source mwlib toolkit. See http://code.pediapress.com/ for more information.
PDF generated at: Tue, 11 May 2010 14:26:12 UTC
Contents
Articles
Chapter 1- Basics
Korean
Korean/Alphabet
Korean/RWP
Korean/Principles of Orthography
Korean/Essential Pronunciation Rules
11
Korean/Advanced Pronunciation Rules
15
Korean/Mini-tutorial Lesson
18
Korean/Getting started on Hanjas
25
Chapter 2- Grammar
28
Korean/Grammar Introduction
28
Korean/Personal pronouns
28
Korean/Demonstrative pronouns
30
Korean/Adjectives
32
Korean/Verbs
33
Korean/Conjunctions
37
Korean/Postpositions
38
Korean/Sentence word order
39
Korean/Comparatives and superlatives
43
Korean/Questions
44
Korean/Commands
45
Korean/Dates and times
46
Chapter 3-Vocabulary
47
Korean/Expert Hanja
47
Korean/Expert
49
Chapter 4- Conversation Level I
55
Korean/Lesson I1
55
Korean/Lesson I2
58
Korean/Lesson I3
62
Korean/Lesson I4
64
Korean/Lesson I5
65
Korean/Lesson I6
66
Korean/Lesson I7
68
Korean/Lesson I8
68
Korean/Lesson I9
69
Korean/Lesson I10
70
Chapter 5- Conversation Level II
71
Korean/Lesson II1
71
Korean/Lesson II2
72
Korean/Lesson II3
73
Korean/Lesson II4
73
Korean/Lesson II5
74
Korean/Lesson II6
74
Korean/Lesson II7
75
Korean/Lesson II8
75
Korean/Lesson II9
76
Korean/Lesson II10
76
Chapter 6- Conversation Level III
77
Korean/Lesson III1
77
Korean/Lesson III2
78
Korean/Lesson III3
80
Korean/Lesson III4
80
Korean/Lesson III5
81
Korean/Lesson III6
81
Korean/Lesson III7
82
Korean/Lesson III8
82
References
Article Sources and Contributors
84
Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors
86
Article Licenses
License
87
Chapter 1- Basics
Korean
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Learn Korean (Introduction) Reading and writing
Conversation 1: Beginner 2: High beginner 3: Low intermediate 4: High intermediate 5: Low advanced 6:
Advanced
Grammar
III This is a Category III Language.

Welcome to the Korean Wikibook, a free textbook for learning Korean.
Note: To use this book, your web browser must first be configured to display Korean (Hangeul) characters. Check
the two boxes below:

The boxes show Hangeul characters and jamo. If symbols appear as blank boxes, garbage, or question marks (?),
your computer or web browser needs to be configured for the Korean language.
Introduction
Korean is the official language of both Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) and Republic of
Korea (South Korea). It is also one of the two official languages in the Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture.
Worldwide, there are about 80 million Korean speakers, most of which live in China, Japan or the United States, but
they also represent sizeable minorities in New Zealand, Kazakhstan, Canada, Uzbekistan and Australia.
In the Republic of Korea, the language is most often called (Han-gung-mal), or more formally,
(Han-gug-eo) or (Gug-eo; literally "national language"). In North Korea and Yanbian, the language is most
often called (Chosnmal), or more formally, (Chosn).
Experts are still not completely sure of the origins of the Korean language, although it is generally believed to come
from the Altaic language tree. It is an agglutinative language, so it has some certain special characteristics that are
unlike English. A student of Chinese languages will quickly notice that Korean shares much of their vocabulary,
while a Japanese student will also notice similarities in grammar and vocabulary.
Feel free to use English Wiktionary's Korean language Category as a reference for these courses. New students to
this type of language may initially progress slowly, but as study progresses, previously unfamiliar aspects of Korean
will begin to make sense and new concepts will be more easily learned. Korean grammar is complex but surprisingly
also very simple, and always very fun to learn.
Korean
Reading and writing
Alphabet Introduction
Learn to read, write and pronounce Korean (course)
/Principles of Orthography/
/Essential Pronunciation Rules/
/Advanced Pronunciation Rules/
/Mini-tutorial Lesson/
/Getting started on Hanjas/
Grammar
Introduction to Korean Grammar
Conjunctions
Personal pronouns
Postpositions
Demonstrative pronouns
Sentence word order
Adjectives
Comparatives & superlatives
Verbs
Forming questions
Articles & qualifiers
Forming commands
Forming dates & times
Vocabulary
Expert Hanja Hanja Terms for Expert Level Learners
Expert Terms for Expert Level Learners
Conversation
1 (LEVEL I): Beginner
2 (LEVEL II): High beginner
1. Greeting
1. Sports
?
2. Forming sentences
2. Jobs
.
3. Connective Particles and Forms
3. Downtown
-, -, -
4. Colors / Shopping
4. Public transportation
, ,
5. In a taxi / Distance and Time
5. At the hotel
/
6. Family
6. At the library
7. Around the house
7. At the farm
8. The workplace / Using the telephone
8. Medical care
9. School
9. The Weather
10. Onomatopoeia
10. At the Theater
Korean
3 (LEVEL III): Low

intermediate
1. The human body

2. Religion
3. Nature
4. The universe
5. Reading a book
6. How much do you love me?
?
7. Using computers

8
9
10
4 (LEVEL IV): High intermediate
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
5 (LEVEL V): Low advanced
6 (LEVEL VI): Advanced
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
1:
.
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
About this Book

About the Authors
Authors
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Advanced
Grammar
Korean
References
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ Korean/ Navigation
Korean/Alphabet
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Learn Korean (Introduction)
Reading and writing Course Principles of Orthography Essential Pronunciation Rules Advanced Pronunciation Rules
Advanced
Grammar
Introduction
The Korean alphabet, known as Hangeul (, "great script"), is considered one of the most efficient and logical
writing systems in the world.[citationneeded] While most modern alphabets evolved from earlier hieroglyphics or
ideographs, (Hangeul) was created specifically to make it easy to read and write the Korean language.
Although the characters of (Hangeul) may appear to be ideograms like the traditional Hanja (, ), they
really form an alphabet. Each block character represents one syllable and is made up of individual jamo (),
much like the letters in the English alphabet. (Hangeul) is easy to learn because it has only 24 basic jamo.
See Wikipedia's entries on Hangul and Hanja for more about the history and design of the Korean writing
systems.
Consonants
Below are the consonants () of the Korean alphabet. You don't
need to memorize them yet because individual lessons will cover each
letter in detail. For now, just be aware that the Korean alphabet has ten
basic consonants and nine variations on them:
14 Korean consonants
Korean/Alphabet
Consonant jamo
Basic
Letter (jamo)
Romanization g or k
Pronunciation [g] or
[k]
Aspirated
m b or p
[m] [b] or
[p]
s - or ng
j or ch
[s] silent or [] [] or
[]
Romanization k
Pronunciation [k]
t
[t]
p
[p]
ch
[]
Letter (jamo)
dd or tt
[t]
bb or pp
[p]
jj
[]
Letter (jamo)
Tense
n d or t
[n] [d] or
[t]
Romanization gg or kk
Pronunciation [k]
r or l
[] or
[l]
ss
[s]
h
[h]
Notice that some consonants have two different pronunciations (e.g. pronounced as /g/ or /k/ depending on
context). Also, some are "aspirated" and some are "tense". Those details and more are explained in ../Essential
Pronunciation Rules/.
Vowels
There are 21 letters used to represent vowels: six basic vowels, nine
combinations of those six basic vowels (which originally were all
pronounced as diphthongs), and six vowels with an extra short dash
representing the initial y [j] sound.
6 Korean regular vowels: diphthongs in red
Vowel jamo
Letter (jamo)
Romanization a
Pronunciation [a]
Letter (jamo)
yeo o
[j] [o]
yo u
[jo] [u]
yu eu
[ju] []
Romanization ae
Pronunciation []
Letter (jamo)
ya eo
[ja] []
yae e
[j] [e]
ye oe
[je] [w]
wi
[wi]
ui
[i]
i
[i]
Korean/Alphabet
6
Romanization wa
Pronunciation [wa]
Letter (jamo)
wo
[w]
Romanization wae
Pronunciation [w]
we
[we]
End of introduction
To learn how to read, write, and pronounce each Korean letter, proceed to the Read, Write, and Pronounce Korean
course.
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Conversation 1: Beginner 2: High beginner 3: Low intermediate 4: High intermediate
5: Low advanced 6: Advanced
Grammar
Korean/RWP
Read, write, pronounce Korean:
Course Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Summary
Orthography Essential Pronunciation Rules Advanced Pronunciation Rules
Grammar Conversation
Welcome to a course teaching you how to read, write and pronounce the Korean script! Here you will learn the script
without difficulty, because we're taking it step by step and you will have plenty of opportunities to practise. So dive
in!
Lesson 1 (first four letters: )
Lesson 2 (four more letters: )
Lesson 3 (final and four more letters: )

Lesson 4 (the last basic letters: )
Lesson 5 (aspiration, diphthongs)
Lesson 6 (doubled letters, more digraphs)
Summary
Korean/RWP
External links
Learn to read, write and pronounce Korean [1]: A continuation of this course copied on a private (non-wiki) site.
See [[]] for more details.
References
[1] http:/ / www. learnlangs. com/ RWP/ Korean/
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Advanced
Grammar
Introduction
The Korean writing system (Hangeul) has some basic principles that are easy to master.
Writing Korean letters

Consonants
When writing Korean consonants (, jaeum), the general rule is to start at the top left corner and work down to
the bottom right. The topmost horizontal stroke is usually first, followed by any vertical strokes. The images below
show the generally accepted stroke order:
For double characters, such as and , simply write the corresponding single character twice, close together, using
the same stroke order. Once proficiency in writing has been developed, one may develop shortcuts or different forms
of short-hand or cursive, for personal use. For example, is often written similar to a backwards S as one stroke.
Vowels
With vowels (, moeum), the general rule is to move from left to right and top to bottom. If the character is a
digraph with both horizontal and vertical components, the horizontal vowel is written first, followed by the
appending vertical vowel to the right:
Syllables
In Hangeul, words are divided into blocks of characters, each block representing one syllable. For example, the word
for the Korean dietary staple, kimchi, has two syllables and is thus divided into two blocks of hangul characters:
Letter (jamo):
Romanization:
=>
gi
m
ch i
(gimchi)
In modern Korean, no jamo may stand alone. Instead, they are grouped into syllables, each with an initial consonant
cluster (), a medial vowel or diphthong (), and optionally a final consonant cluster ().
The placement or "stacking" of jamo in the block follows set patterns based on the shape of the medial.
The components of complex jamo such as or are written left to right.
Medials are written under the initial, to the right, or wrap around the initial from bottom to right, depending on
their shape: If the medial has a horizontal axis like eu, then it is written under the initial; if it has a vertical axis
like i, then it is written to the right of the initial; and if it combines both orientations, like ui, then it wraps
around the initial from the bottom to the right:
initial medial
initial
initial
medial
1st med.
2nd
med.
A final jamo, if there is one, is always written at the bottom, under the medial:
initial medial
initial
initial
final
medial
1st med.
final
2nd
med.
final
Blocks are always written in phonetic order, initial-medial-final. The direction of the medial (horizontal or vertical)
governs the placement of the initial. These are the basic rules:
Syllables with a horizontal medial are written downward:

Syllables with a vertical medial and simple final are written clockwise:
Syllables with a wrapping medial switch direction (down-right-down):
Syllables with a complex final are written left to right at the bottom:
Initial consonant placeholder

When a syllable has no actual initial consonant, the null initial (called , ieung) is used as a placeholder. (No
placeholder is needed when there is no final.)
Examples:
(oi, "cucumber")
(wang, "king")
Horizontal medials
In a syllable with a horizontal medial (, , , , or ), the initial is written first, followed by the medial below
it. With , the vowels look like this: , , , , . Any other consonant behaves the same: , , , , .
Notice how the protruding lines in each vowel nestle into any empty spaces in the consonant above it, particularly
with and .
Vertical medials
In a syllable with a vertical medial (, , , , , , , , or ), the initial is written to the left of the vowel.
With , the vowels look like this: , , , , .
Wrapping medials
If the vowel is a wrapping medial (i.e. written with the digraphs , , , , , , or ), the initial is always in
the top-left area, with the diphthong surrounding the consonant on the bottom and right sides. With , the vowels
look like this: , , , , , , . Notice how fits into spaces of the consonant above it.
Finals
In a syllable with a final (, batchim), the initial and medial are written in the top of the block, as described
above, and the final is written below them. In few cases, a syllable will contain two finals, the final written below is
simply the two characters next to each other.
Practice
Practice 1
Combine the following jamo into Korean characters. Click "Show" to check your answers:
Practice 2
Write the following Korean words:
Practice 3
Practice 4
Compounds of 2
Complete this table. Or if you feel you are proficient enough, you can complete it until satisfied. Who's gonna know?
10
Compounds of 3
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11
Grammar

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Advanced
Grammar
Introduction
Note: If you are not aware of the general interpretations of the Korean alphabet, please first read Alphabet before
continuing.
This page uses the International Phonetic Alphabet to transcribe pronunciation. All text within square brackets
[skwr brkts] uses that system. See the Wikipedia entry on IPA for more information.
The few essential pronunciation rules and exceptions in this lesson will improve your accuracy in speaking and
interpreting Korean.
Plain, aspirated, and tense

In English, certain pairs of consonants, like p/b, t/d, s/z, and k/g, have a pronunciation that differs mostly in whether
they are voiced or voiceless. Korean consonants do not have that same distinction, but rather differ according to
whether they are "plain", "aspirated", or "tense".
Some consonant jamo are plain, some aspirated, some tense:

Basic
Letter (jamo)
Romanization g or k
Pronunciation [g] or
[k]
Aspirated
Letter (jamo)
b or p
[b] or
[p]
s j or ch
[s] [] or
[]
Romanization k
Pronunciation [k]
Tense
Letter (jamo)
d or t
[d] or
[t]
t
[t]
p
[p]
ch
[]
Romanization gg or kk
Pronunciation [k]
dd or tt
[t]
bb or pp
[p]
ss jj
[s] []

Aspirated consonants (, , , and ) are pronounced with a burst of air that does not accompany their plain
counterparts. To feel or see the difference between aspirated and unaspirated sounds, put a hand or a lit candle in
front of your mouth and say "tore" ([t]) and then "store" ([st]). You should either feel a puff of air or see a
flicker of the candle flame with "tore" that does not appear with "store". In English, the t should be aspirated in
"tore" and unaspirated in "store". In Korean, the aspirated consonants are like the t in "tore", in that you must expel a
burst of air to say them correctly.
Tense consonants (, , , , and ) are said with a harder, stiffer voice than their plain counterparts. With
these "tense" consonants, the diaphragm, glottis, and tongue are tense. For example, imagine you were to say "duck!"
kind of loudly. The hard d sound in "duck!" is like the sound made by the Korean .
(rieul)
Proper pronunciation of the Korean letter takes some practice for most English speakers. It is pronounced sort of
like a half r and half l sound. Specifically, it is either an alveolar tap or an alveolar lateral approximant, depending on
the following sound. While difficult at first, mastery is fairly easy.
Initial, Middle, and Final Consonants

Korean alphabet charts have two tables: initial sounds, and final sounds. The sound of a Korean consonant can
change slightly when it is preceded or followed by another consonant. For example, can be pronounced as a
voiced sound (the English g) or voiceless (like the English k). To know how to pronounce such letters, it's important
to know the difference between an initial, a medial, and a final consonant.
Initial Consonant
An initial consonant is any consonant at the beginning of a word. Initial consonants (especially at the beginning of
sentences and phrases) are usually pronounced voiceless. For example the in the word ("I") is typically
voiceless, especially as first word of a sentence. That makes it sound more like "ch" than "j" to an English speaker.
The consonants that follow this rule are , , , and . Thus, initial sounds more like "k" than "g", initial
sounds more like "t" than "d", initial sounds more like "ch" than "j", and initial sounds more like "p" than "b":
Examples:
([ka]): initial sound is unvoiced.

([ta]): initial sound is unvoiced.
([pa]): initial sound is unvoiced.
([a], "cha"): initial sound is unvoiced.
Middle Consonants
Consonants that come in the middle of a sentence can follow some complex sound changes, but the two most
important changes are whether the consonant follows another consonant or a vowel. For example, the word
("stick") has a middle consonant-consonant sequence () and a vowel-consonant sequence (). In many cases,
a middle consonant with a preceding consonant becomes slightly more tensified, meaning a "tighter, stronger"
pronunciation. So the becomes a slightly harder "d" ([d]), but the second is pronounced "normally" ([g]). The
same consonants listed in the section above (, , , and ) are also mainly the ones that follow this rule.
Examples:
([makdgi]): Middle consonant follows another consonant, so it is more tense.
([makdgi]): Middle consonant follows another vowel, so it has the standard pronunciation.
12
Final Consonants
A final consonant is a consonant that either ends a word, or is preceded by another consonant. Examples are found in
([pap], "rice") and ([iksa], "meal"). Notice that is the final letter in . This causes its pronunciation to
shorten to an unreleased stop, like the p in the English word "apt" ([pt]). The in also has a similar change.
It's pronounced similar to the c in the English word "act" ([kt]). ,,, and follow this rule in final position.
Other consonants can sometimes follow more complex rules. Some of them will be discussed here, but many are
very complex and will be discussed in the ../Advanced Pronunciation Rules/ section.
Examples:
([pap], bap): Final consonant is at the end of the word, so it sounds tensed and abbreviated.
([iksa]): Final consonant is followed by another consonant, so it sounds tensed and abbreviated.
(ieung)
(ieung) is a special letter in Korean, because sometimes it makes a sound and sometimes it doesn't. This is
determined by whether it is in the initial, middle, or final position.
In initial position, such as in the word ([mma], "mother") is not pronounced, and the vowel becomes the
initial sound.
In the middle position, there are two possibilities.
When follows a final consonant, that preceding consonant replaces . For example, (Hangugeo,
"Korean language") has an following the final consonant in . That is pronounced as if it replaces
the initial of the following syllable, thus the word is pronounced as if it were written "" [hangug].
However, when is not preceded by a consonant, such as in the word ([ai], "child"), it is silent.
Finally, if is in the final position, such as in ([ka], "river") or ([j], "English language"), then it is
pronounced [], similar to the ng in the English word "sing".
Examples:
([mma]): in initial position is not pronounced.
([hangug]): in middle position with preceding consonant is replaced by the consonant ( ->
"").
([ai]): in middle position with no preceding consonant is silent.
([ka]): in final position is similar to ng sound.
Final-initial pairs and

The final-initial pairs and each become [ll] (or for some speakers, [l]):
Examples:
([molla], low form for "don't know")
([kollan], "troubles, difficulty")
([wll], "originally")
Note that the final-initial pair does not follow this rule. Each in retains its natural sound ([nn]).
13
14
T-stops
There are a few consonants that, when are in final position, are pronounced [t] (an unreleased t, like in the English
word "atlas"). These characters are: , , , , , and :
([mat], "flavor, taste")

([got], "flower")
([gt], "end")
([totpogi], "magnifying glass")
([matda], "to correct")
([itda], "to exist")
However, if an (ieung) follows a t-stop letter, then the normal sound is simply carried over:
([mai], as if it were spelled "")
Exercise
Pronounce the following:
Next steps
If you want to know more about specific pronunciation rules, then you can read more in the ../Advanced
Pronunciation Rules/ section. Otherwise, you are ready to start learning Korean vocabulary and grammar!
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15

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Grammar
This lesson is incomplete. Help by clicking "edit" or use [[]].
Medials
becomes
becomes
Finals
The sounds of some final consonants (, batchim) are different from their sounds as initials.
Only seven consonant sounds are found at the end of syllables.
In general, obstruents before nasals are assimilated to nasals, while keeping the same place of articulation as before:
Notice the pattern: 1) , becomes 2) The 't-stops' ,,,,,, becomes 3) , becomes
becomes
ex) (to be incensed), pronounced []
becomes
ex) (broth), pronounced []
becomes
ex) not common
becomes
ex) (kitchen door), pronounced []
becomes
ex) (closing, present participle form), pronounced []
becomes
ex) not common
becomes
ex) (snaggletooth), pronounced []
becomes
becomes
ex) (line of cloth, style), pronounced []

becomes
ex) (baby tooth), pronounced []
becomes
ex) , pronounced ()
becomes
not common
ex) (lacquer tree), pronounced []
becomes
not common
ex) (lacquer sap), pronounced ()
becomes
ex) not common
becomes
ex) (a word), pronounced ()
becomes
ex) (putting down, participle form), pronounced ()
becomes
ex) not common
becomes
ex) (roasting, participle form), pronounced ()
ex) (picking up, participle form), pronounced ()
becomes
ex) (duties), pronounced ()
becomes
ex) (flipping, participle form), pronounced ()
ex) (covering, participle form), pronounced ()
becomes
ex) not common
Some combinations involve aspiration:
becomes
ex)
ex)
ex)
ex)
(North Korea), pronounced ()

(familiar), pronounced ()
(good-natured), pronounced ()
(evil), pronounced ()
16
17
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
becomes
Some combinations involve palatalization:

becomes
becomes
Some involve complex assimilation/alterations:
becomes
becomes , or sometimes
becomes
becomes
becomes
followed by : replace with (use second if there are two). Otherwise, followed by
consonant:
, : like
: like
, , , , , : like
: like /l/
: like
, : like
: like /ng/
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Grammar
unknown operator: u'strong' unknown operator: u'strong'
(man-nam-gwa in-sa) - Greetings

(Yoo-yong-hahn Pyo-hyun) Useful Expressions
(neh) = Yes
(anio)= No
(joeh-song hajiman) = I am sorry, but...
(gamsa hamnida) = Thank you
(chon-mahn-eh-yo) = You are welcome
(sillye hamnida) = Excuse me
(ahn-nyong haseyo) = Hello / Hi / How are you?
(ahn-nyoung-hee gaseyo) = Good bye (when the other party is leaving)
(ahn-nyoung-hee geseyo) = Good bye (when you are leaving)
? (young-o-rul hahl-jool ahsimnika?) = Can you speak English?

? (yo-gi yong-o-rul hahl-jool anun-boon gyeh-simnika?) = Does anyone
here speaks English?
(juh-neun hangook-o-rul jogum-bakke mot-hamnida) = I speak Korean only
a little.
? (sung-ham-ee ottokeh dweh-sijiyo?) = What is your name?
(jeh irum-eun Zee-Young imnida) = My name is Zee-Young
(jal it-seumnida) = I am well.
(mana bwep-ge dweh-o-so bahn-gahp-seumnida) = Nice to meet you.
? (morago gruh-shut-jiyo?) What did you say, please?
(jo-geum chun-chun-hee mal-sseum-hae juseyo) = Please speak a little slowly.
(choong-boon-hee ee-hae-hago it-seum-nida) = I understand you/him/her/it well
enough.
mahn-sa-seo in-sa-hahl-te dae-wha
Young-Sook: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo! yong-o-rul hahl-jool a-se-yo?

jom-won: jwe-song-hahm-nida. yong-o-rul hahl-jool mo-rum-nida.
Young-Sook: jo-do han-koo-go-rul jo-gum-ba-ke motam-nida.
jom-won: gwen-chan-soum-nida. i-hae-hahm-nida.
Hanna: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo!
Chan-Yong: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo! je-chin-goo Kim, Chul-Soo-si-wa in-sa-ha-sin-jeogi in-na-yo?
Hanna: up-soum-nida. cho-eum mahn-na-bwem-neun-geot ga-soum-nida.
Chan-Yong: , . Chul-Soo-si, i-booni Lee, Young-Ho-si im-nida.
Hanna: mahn-na-bwep-ge dwe-o-so bahn-gap-soum-nida.
18
Hotel-e-so
yon-soup
yok-siri in-neun double-roomul won-hahm-nida.

chim-dae doo-gae-rul won-hahm-nida.
yok-siri o-di-e i-chi-yo?
. ye-ya-gul hae-seum-nida.
ji-nan-joo-e ye-yagul hae-seum-nida.
ye-yagi an-dwe-o in-nayo?
sook-bang-nyo-ga o-teo-ke dwep-nika?
ha-roo-e ol-ma-im-nika?
tibi poham-dwen ga-gyo-gin-ga-yo?
check-in si-ga-ni on-je-im-nika?
check-out si-ga-ni on-je-im-nika?
sin-yong card-rul ba-soum-nika?
yo-hang-ja soo-pyo-ro ji-bool-ha-go sip-soum-nida.
bahng key-rul joo-se-yo.
je o-ta-go je nam-pyon sin-sa-bo-gul da-rio-joo-se-yo.

nae-il a-chim yo-dol-si-e ke-wo-joo-si-get-soum-nika?
hotel-e-so dae-wha
Mee-Young: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo? single-roomee in-na-yo?

front ji-gwon: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo? myo-chil dong-an mo-moo-ru-sil
ye-jong-im-nika?
Mee-Young: ee-joo-yo.
front ji-gwon: neh, a-joo jo-eun single room-i i-soum-nida.
Mee-Young: sook-bang-nyo-ga o-teo-ke dwep-nika?
front ji-gwon: sook-bang-ryo-neun ha-roo-e pal-man-won-im-nida.
Mee-Young: jo-seum-nida.
Park, Won-Chul: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo. je-i-reum-eun Park, Won-Chul im-nida. je roomee ye-yak dwen-go-su-ro
al-go i-seum-nida.
front ji-gwon: on-je ye-yagul ha-shut-na-yo?
Park, Won-Chul: je-ga o-je jon-wha-ro hae-neun-de-yo.
front ji-gwon: ah, gu-ro-se-yo. yo-gi it-goon-nyo. yok-siri dal-lin double room.
Park, Won-Chul: ma-seum-nida. sibil-ye-jong-im-nida.
19
eun-haing om-moo
yon-soup
doh-nul yo-gi-so ba-kool-soo in-na-yo?

baek-bool-mahn ba-koo-go sip-seum-nida.
hwan-yoori o-teo-ke dwem-nika?
yo-haing-ja soo-pyo-rul ba-koo-go sip-soum-nida.
yo-gi yokwoni i-soum-nida.
kook-je woon-jon-myon-ho-jeung-ul gat-ko it-seum-nida.
yo-haing-ja soo-pyo-ga dul-o it-neun ji-gabul boon-sil-hait-seum-nida.
yo-haing-ja soo-pyo-rul sa-go sip-seum-nida.
eun-haing yong-up-si-gani o-teo-ke dwe-nayo?
ja-dong-hyon-geum-ji-kup-ki-ga o-di in-nayo?
do-wa-joo-shu-so gahm-sa-hahm-nida.
i-je gwen-chan-seum-nida.
eun-haing-eso dae-wha
Jung, Chul-Soo: ahn-nyong-ha-seyo. mee-kook dollar-rul won-hwa-ro ba-koo-go sip-seum-nida.

en-haing ji-gwon: ah, gu-ro-seyo. eol-mana ba-koo-si-get-seum-nika?
Jung, Chul-Soo: baek-o-sip-boo-rul ba-koo-ro-go hahm-ni-da. o-neul hwan-nyu-ri o-teo-ke dwe-na-yo?
eun-haing ji-gwon: eel-boo-re chon-ee-bae-geon im-nida.
Jang, Soo-Mee: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo. jom do-wa-joo-seyo?

eun-haing ji-gwon: neh, moo-seun eerin-gayo?
Jang, Soo-Mee: yo-haing-ja soo-pyo-rul boon-sil-haet-seo-yo.
eun-haing ji-gwon: do-nan dang-han-geot gaht-seum-nika?
Jang, Soo-Mee: ah-nee-yo, o-neul ah-chi-me shopping-ha-da-ga boon-sil-haet-seo-yo.
ticket goo-ip
yon-seup
sa-baek-goo-sibi-bon hang-gong-pyon ye-ya-gul hwa-gin-hago sip-seum-nida.

je ticket-e dae-ha-yo moo-ro-bo-go sip-seum-nida.
je sa-baek-goo-sibi-bon hang-gong-pyon ticket-eul gat-go in-nayo?
je jwa-seogi bae-jong-dwe-eot-nayo?
Pusan-uro ga-neun ticket-eul sa-go sip-seum-nida.
ticket-ee ol-ma-in-gayo?
Pusan ga-neun da-eum gi-cha-ga myot-si-e it-seum-nika?
myot-si-e do-chak-ha-nayo?
sam-bon gate-i o-neu cho-gin-gayo?
sin-go-hal poom-mogi a-moo-geo-to up-seum-nida.
sin-go-hal poom-mogi se-ge-ba-ke up-seum-nida.
ji-kaing-in-gayo?
je si-ga-ne do-cha-ka-get-seum-nika?
on-je chak-ryuk-ha-nayo?
do-cha-gi ji-yon-dwe-ot-nayo?
20
tieket goo-ip hal-tae dae-hwa
Song, Young-Hee: Pusan-uro ga-neun da-eum hahng-gong-pyon ticke-seul sago sip-seum-nida.

ji-gwon: economy so-gul wo-na-sip-nika, first class-rul wo-na-sip-nika?
Song, Young-Hee: economy-ro he-joo-seyo. chang-moon chok jwa-seo-gul joo-si-get-seum-nika?
ji-gwon: jwe-song-hahm-nida. chang-moon cho-gun na-ma-in-nun go-si up-go geu dae-sin bok-do-cho-gul
deu-ril-soo it-seum-nida.
Song, Young-Hee: gahm-sa-ham-nida.
Park, In-Sook: Pusan ga-neun ticke-seul doo-jang sago sip-seum-nida.

ji-gwon: il-ban-seo-geul wo-na-sim-nika, chim-dae-kah-nul wo-na-sim-nika?
Park, In-Sook: chim-dae-kah-nul joo-sip-si-yo.
ji-gwon: gi-cha-neun ee-yo-ge-seo chong-kak da-seo-si-e chool-bal-hahm-nida.
gil, si-gan moo-ro bo-gi

yon-seup
tok-baro ga-sip-si-yo.
ee-gi-rul ta-ra-so chook ga-sip-si-yo.

do-si-rul tok-ba-ro tong-gwa-he-so kye-sok ga-sip-si-yo.
si-nae-ro du-ro-ga-sip-si-yo.
wen-cho-gu-ro ga-sip-si-yo.
o-run-cho-gu-ro ga-sip-si-yo.
eun-heng gon-neo-pyo-nim-nida.
eun-heng yo-pim-nida.
ban-de cho-ge it-seum-nida.
mol-ji ahn-seum-nida.
hahn block-mahn ga-si-myon dwem-nida.
baro mo-toong-i-ye it-seum-nida.
geo-eui-da wa-seum-nida.
pyo-si-rul ta-ra-ga-sip-si-yo.
ee-gi-reun il-bang-tong-heng-im-nida.
ji-gum myo-si-im-nika?
chong-o in-de-yo.
cha-jong in-de-yo.
se-byok doo-si-in-de-yo.
o-hoo se-si-in-de-yo.
doo-si sam-sip-boo-nip-nida.
yo-dul-si sa-sip-o-boo-nim-nida.
21
gi-ri-na si-ga-nul moo-ro-bol-te dae-hwa
Cho, Byong-Tae: sil-lye-hahm-nida. gi-rul ee-rut-neun-de-yo.

yo-in: o-di ga-sim-nika?
Cho, Byong-Tae: gang-nam-yo-gul chat-go it-seum-nida.
yo-in: sa-gori-e-seo o-reun-cho-gu-ro ga-sip-si-yo.
Tae-Soo: ji-gum myot-si-im-nika?

Hanna: chong-o-im-nida.
Tae-Soo: chong-mal-yo? jo-neun yol-han-si sam-sip-boo-nin-jool a-rat-so-yo.
Hanna: dang-sin si-gye-ga neut-gun-nyo.
Bora: young-hwa-ga mot-si-e si-jak-ha-na-yo?

Chang-Young: yo-dul-si sam-sip-boon-chu-me-yo.
Bora: neu-jo-so-neun ahn-dwe-nika il-gop-si sa-sip-o-boo-ne to-nap-sida.
Chang-Young: il-gop-si sam-sip-boo-ne to-na-neun-gosi deo jo-eul-geot gat-goo-nyo.
sik-dang
yon-seup
menu-rul bo-yo-joo-si-ge-so-yo?
o-neul special-ee moo-eo-sim-nika?
o-teon geo-seul gwon-ha-sim-nika?
ee-eum-si-gul jo-ah-ha-ji ahn-seum-nida.
ee-eum-si-gun neo-moo tcham-nida.
ee-eum-si-gun neo-moo tu-gop-seum-nida.
steak-eul mediumuro he-joo-sip-si-yo.
steak-eul well-done-euro he-joo-sip-si-yo.
ee-eum-si-gun je-ga joo-moon-han-go-si a-nim-nida.
a-ga-see! yo-bo-se-yo!
po-do-joo menu-rul jom joo-si-ge-so-yo?
jok-po-do-joo hahn-byong-mahn joo-sip-si-yo.
baek-po-do-joo ban-byong-mahn joo-sip-si-yo.
ji-bang maek-joo-rul han-jan joo-sip-si-yo.
ma-ti-ni han-jan joo-sip-si-yo.
gye-san-seo joo-se-yo.
yo-gi-e ti-bi po-ham-dwe-ot-seum-nika?
sin-yong card-ro ji-bool-ha-ge-seum-nida.
22
sik-dang-e-seo dae-hwa
waitress: do-wa-deu-ril-ka-yo?
Kang son-saing-nim: yo-gi "bi-bim-bap"-i-ra-go in-neun-de i-ge moo-seun eum-si-gim-nika?
waitress: na-mool-ha-go ba-bool mae-woon go-choo-jang-e bibin go-sim-nida.
Kang son-saing-nim: jo-a-yo. i-go-su-ro ha-ge-so-yo.
waitress: ma-sil-go-seun moo-eo-suro ha-si-ge-so-yo?
Kang son-saing-nim: naeng-soo-ro joo-se-yo.
Chun son-saing-nim: mwol gwon-ha-sim-nika?

waitress: o-neul jo-nyok special-eun hong-ha-bim-nida. ba-da-e-so ba-ro o-neul ja-ba-on-go-sim-nida.
Chun son-saing-nim: geun-sa-han-geot ga-tun-de-yo. o-teo-ke yo-ri-ha-na-yo?
waitress: baek-po-do-joo-e dam-gun geot-do it-go twi-gin-geot-do it-seum-nida.
Chun son-saing-nim: twi-gin-geo-suro ha-ge-seum-nida. lemo-nul jan-tuk poo-ryo-joo-se-yo.
Kim, Soo-Kyong: sil-lye-ha-get-seum-nida.

nam-ja: neh, mal-seum-ha-se-yo.
Kim, Soo-Kyong: ee-gun-cho-e gwen-chanun sik-dang-i it-su-myun ha-na ga-ru-cho joo-si-get-seum-nika?
nam-ja: gul-se-yo, woo-rae-ogi gun-cho-e it-seum-nida.
Kim, Soo-Kyong: o-teo-ke ga-ji-yo?

nam-ja: ee-gil-lo chook ga-si-da-ga sin-ho-deumg-e-seo o-reun-cho-gu-ro ga-sin da-eum doo-block-mahn
goro-ga-si-myon dwem-nida. ga-si-da o-reun-cho-ge it-seum-nida.
soot-ja
young
hana
dool
set
net
da-seot
yo-seot
il-gop
yo-dol
a-hop
yol
yol hana
yol dool
yol set
yol net
yol da-seot
yol yo-seot
yol il-gop
yol yo-dol
yol a-hop
smool
smool hana
smool dool
so-reun
23
ma-heun
shwin
ye-soon
ee-reun
yo-deun
a-heun
baek
dahl
il-wol
ee-wol
sam-wol
sa-wol
o-wol
you-wol
chil-wol
pal-wol
goo-wol
si-wol
si-bil-wol
si-bi-wol
yo-il
wol-yo-il
hwa-yo-il
soo-yo-il
mo-gyo-il
geu-myo-il
to-yo-il
il-yo-il
gye-jol
bohm
yo-reum
ga-eul
gyo-eul
24

For beginning Korean language students, learning the hanja is not necessary. However, because so many Korean
words come from Chinese roots, knowing hanja will be quite helpful in mastering enough vocabulary to become
fluent in Korean.
What are Hanja and why do we use them?

Hanja are Chinese characters that have been borrowed into the Korean language. Like many languages, many
Korean words are composed of roots, many of which are from the Chinese language. In the quest of mastering a
foreign language, learning the roots of the words is one approach for learning vocabulary.
Just how many Hanja do I need to know?

There's no exact number that you need to know. Since many people learn Korean without learning the characters, it
is possible to know the language without learning any characters. Around 2000 characters is a good number for
learning how to read and recognize words. The 1800 standardized Hanja set will cover the majority of the roots for
the Sino-Korean words.
Below is 1 example of how Hanja can be used to remember words.
*
*
*
*
-- . Boat
-- . Fish
-- . Husband/father
-- . Boat
In Korean a fisherman is , and fishing boat is . The corresponding characters are and .
Before we list the standard 1800 character set, you need to learn the 214 radicals that make up the characters. See
List_of_Kangxi_radicals [1] for the list of radicals. You need to write them on flashcards and commit them to
memory. If you know the radicals, it will be easier to remember the characters and to look up unknown words in a
dictionary when necessary.
List of Hanja
*
-- song
-- house, can also be pronounced as
-- price
-- add
-- right, can also be pronounced as
-- street
-- pretend, can also be pronounced as or
-- leisure -- beautiful
-- shelf
-- each
-- horn
-- carve
-- awake, can also be pronounced as
-- leg
25

-- pavillion
-- reject
-- gap
-- shield, can also be pronounced as
-- see
-- letter
-- trunk, can also be pronounced as
-- sincerity
-- publish
-- liver
-- adultery
*
-- thirsty, can also be pronounced as or
-- feel
-- decrease
-- look
-- sweet
-- daringly
-- mirror
*
-- armor, can also be pronounced as
-- river
-- strong
-- peaceful
-- exercise, also pronounced as
-- surrender, also pronounced as
-- head rope
-- firm
-- steel
*
-- open
-- change
-- piece
-- between
-- generally
-- cover, also pronounced as
-- lament
-- all
*
-- guest
*
-- again, also pronounced as
26
References
[1] http:/ / en. wikipedia. org/ wiki/ List_of_Kangxi_radicals
27
28
Chapter 2- Grammar
Korean/Grammar Introduction
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Other languages...
Advanced
Grammar: Sentence word order Verbs Nouns Particles Personal pronouns Demonstrative pronouns Adjectives Determiners
Conjunctions Comparatives & superlatives Forming questions Forming commands Forming dates & times
The Korean grammar series is being moved into the Conversation series.
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Advanced
Korean pronouns pose some difficulty to speakers of English due to their complexity. The Korean language makes
extensive use of speech levels and honorifics in its grammar, and Korean pronouns also change depending on the
social distinction between the speaker and the person or persons spoken to.
In general, Korean speakers avoid using second person singular pronoun, especially when using honorific forms.
This is done in several ways:
Omit the subject if it can be implied by the context. Most English sentences need subjects, but not Korean
sentences do not.
Use the appropriate title. For example, talking to a teacher or certain other professionals (e.g. a manager), one
may use (seonsaengnim, "teacher").
Use kinship terms, even to address someone who is not family:
(eonni, "older sister"), used by females to address a slightly elder female

(nuna, "older sister"), used by males to address a slightly elder female
(oppa, "older brother"), used by females to address a slightly elder male
(hyeong, "older brother"), used by males to address a slightly elder male
(ajumma, "middle aged woman")
(ajeoshi, "middle aged man")
(halmeoni, "grandmother")
(harabeoji, "grandfather")
Use the plural (yeoreobun, "ladies and gentlemen") where applicable.
29
If talking to someone younger than the speaker, one may use the person's name.
Pronouns
singular
polite
first person
second person
plural
plain
polite
plain
(jeo)
(na)
(jeoheui)
(dangshin)
(neo)
(dangshindeul) (neoheuideul)
(uri)
third person
(geu)
(geudeul)
third person
feminine
(geunyeo)
(geunyeodeul)
The first and second person pronouns have both an informal and a polite (humble/honorific) form. The polite form is
used when speaking to someone older or of high social status. (the plain second person singular pronoun)
literally means "friend", but is only used as a form of address and is more polite than (chingu), the usual word
for "friend". is also sometimes used as the Korean equivalent of "dear" as a form of address. Also, whereas uses
of other humble forms are straightforward, must be used only in specific social contexts, such as between two
married couples. In that way it can be used in an ironic sense when used between strangers.
Of the third person pronouns, the feminine forms sound awkward and are mostly used when translating texts from
other languages. was originally used for both genders and still is in conversation.
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Advanced
Demonstrative object pronouns

Korean has three demonstrative pronouns for objects:
(this, ee-guht) is used when the object is nearby the speaker.
(that, geu-guht) is used when the object is near the listener. It is also used when the speaker already
mentioned the object.
(that [over there], juh-guht) is used when the object is far from the speaker and the listener.
Examples:
: This is strange.
: That is strange.
: That [over there] is strange.
When (the topic marker) follows those pronouns, they are often contracted as follows:
: contraction of
: contraction of
: contraction of
Examples:
: This is strange.
: That is strange.
: That [over there] is strange.
When (the subject marker) follows those pronouns, they are often contracted as follows:
: contraction of
: contraction of
: contraction of
underline text
31
Demonstrative personal pronouns

Korean has three demonstrative pronouns for people.
is used when the person is nearby the speaker.
is used when the person is near the listener.
is used when the person is far from the speaker and the listener.
Demonstrative determiners
Also , , and can be used in front of nouns:
.
This dish is delicious.
?
Are you using that pencil?
.
Lets go to that restaurant.
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Korean/Adjectives
32
Korean/Adjectives
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Adjectives come in two forms in Korean. In their main form, they are inflected like verbs (i.e. with honorifics, tense,
and speech levels) and come at the end of their sentence or clause.
: "(to be) red"

: "(to be) blue"
: "(to be) big"
: "(to be) small"
Adjectives also have a "attributive" form that ends in (often ). Grammatically, adjectives in this form are
("determiners"), which always come before the noun they modify.
: "red"
: "blue"
: "big"
: "small"
Some abstract Korean nouns translate as adjectives:

: "(the color) green"
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Korean/Verbs
33
Korean/Verbs
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Introduction
Most Korean dictionaries list verbs () in a form that ends in (da):
: to buy
: to dislike/hate
: to sleep
: to call
: to know
: to see/watch
: to make/create
: to learn
: to teach
: to come
: to like
: to hit
: to do
: to love
: to think
: to drink
: to listen/hear
: to want
: to eat
: to move
(around)
: to wake up
: to go
: to play
: to write
: to give
: to read
: to walk
: to have
: to speak
: to sleep
Verb stems
Similar to English verbs, Korean verbs change their endings and take auxiliary words to fit the tense (when an action
occurs) and mood (statements vs. commands vs. questions) of the situation. However, Korean verbs also change
form to express honorifics and speech levels in order to reflect the social relationships between the speaker, the
subject, and the audience. The speech level listed in most books (including dictionaries) is called . It is formal
but of low to neutral politeness. The speech level is sometimes used by close friends, relatives of similar age,
and young people. As shown above, the indicative forms of verbs in the speech level end in . The part of
the word preceding is called the "verb stem".
Exercise
Identify the verb stem of the following verbs:
Honorifics
Korean grammar expresses the relationship between the speaker, the subject, and the listener by using honorifics and
speech levels in conjugation and word choice. Honorifics express the speaker's relationship and politeness or social
humility toward the subject of the sentence and speech levels to express that with the audience. When talking about
someone statutorily superior, a speaker or writer must indicate the subject's apparent superiority by using special
honorific affixes. Generally, someone is considered superior in status if he or she is an older relative, a stranger of
roughly equal or greater age, an employer, a teacher, a customer, or the like. Someone is looked upon as equal or
inferior in status if he or she is a younger stranger, a student, an employee or the like.
Korean/Verbs
34
Note: If the subject is considered inferior to the listener, the honorific should not be used, as the misuse of honorifics
or the use of inappropriate speech levels is likely to be considered insulting, but also possibly hilariously
disrespectful.
A few Korean verbs have special honorific equivalents, but most can be converted into an honorific form by adding
an honorific affix after the stem and before the ending. If the verb stem ends in a vowel, add , but if it ends in a
consonant, add . Thus, the honorific form of ("to go") is and the honorific form of ("to
walk") is .
Exercise
Write the honorific form of the following verbs:
Formal polite speech level

Since the speech level is not polite enough for many of the initial encounters you might have speaking
Korean, we will first learn a polite speech level instead. is the formal, polite speech level in Korean. It is
used commonly between strangers, among male co-workers, by TV announcers, and to customers.
To create statements (that is, to use the indicative mood of verbs) in the form, take the verb stem and add the
honorific affix or if applicable. Then add if the result ends in a vowel or if it ends in a
consonant. E.g.:
Verb
Stem
Subject
Add polite
ending
Complete form
Verb Stems ending in vowels
(Non-honorific)
(Honorific)
(Non-honorific)
(Honorific)
Verb Stems ending in

consonants
Exercise
In this exercise, you are talking with a stranger about various subjects. Determine correct form for the
following verbs based on the given subject:
Informal polite speech level

When people of similar age or social standing converse, they often use the informal polite speech level, called
. is appropriately polite for most of the situations you will typically encounter, so it is the next form
to learn.
To create the form of Korean verbs, do the following:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Take the stem.

Add the honorific or if applicable.
If the last letter is , change it to .
If the result ends in a vowel followed by , insert an extra , making the end .
If the last vowel is now , change it to if the next-to-last vowel is or . Otherwise, change to .
If the last vowel is now or , add . Otherwise, add .
Korean/Verbs
35
Korean spelling rules make the above rules seem just a bit more complicated in practice:
If the result ends in , that collapses to .

The usual spelling rules also apply, so an without an initial consonant is written as and an without an initial
consonant is written as .
Verb
Stem
Subject
Rules 3-6
above
(Non-honorific)
(Honorific)
(Non-honorific)
(Non-honorific)
[1]
[1]
Complete form
(Non-honorific)
(Honorific)
(Non-honorific)
(Honorific)
(Non-honorific)
(Non-honorific)
(Non-honorific)
Exercise
In this exercise, you are talking with a friend about various subjects. Determine correct form for the
following verbs in both honorific and non-honorific forms:
Casual speech level

When close friends and relatives talk with each other, they may use a very casual speech level called . Be
careful not to use this with someone with whom you are not very close, as it can be considered offensive.
Since you already know the form, creating the casual form of Korean verbs is easy, just take the off
of the end of the form:
Korean/Verbs
36
Verb
form form
Exercise
In this exercise, you are talking with a close friend. Determine correct form for the following verbs:
Tense
Korean verbs can be conjugated into several different tenses to indicate the time when an event occurs.
Past tense
The past tense of a Korean verb is formed as follows:
1. Take the verb stem.
2. Add the honorific suffix ( or ) if applicable.
3. Add the one of the following:
If the word now ends in , add . Note: often is contracted as .
Otherwise, if the preceding vowel of the verb stem is or , add .
Otherwise, add .
4. Add the ending for the appropriate speech level.
Future tense
The future tense of a Korean verb is formed as follows:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Take the verb stem.

Add the honorific suffix ( or ) if applicable.
Add the suffix .
Add the ending for the appropriate speech level.
Other tenses
Korean also has a remote past tense, used to indicate that an event occurred long ago, a past future tense, and a
(rarely-used) remote past future tense. To form the remote past tense, first form the past tense, then add an extra
before the ending for the appropriate speech level.
Copula and existence verb

and : Two Korean words conjugate similar to verbs and are often translated as verbs but are not
considered verbs in Korean grammar: (the copula, often translated as "to be") and (the existence particle,
often translated as "to exist").
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Korean/Verbs
37
References
[1] This term is adjective because this word indicates status. but it can be used in "" form.
Korean/Conjunctions
Introduction
In language, a conjunction is a way to combine 2 or more phrases into one sentence. This chapter will cover the basic
conjunctions such as 'and', 'or', and 'but'.
~ (but)
. Kimchi is spicy but delicious.
. The Korean language is difficult but interesting.
/ (and)
This is used for combining 2 nouns. If the end of the first noun has no consonant, use ''. If the noun has a
consonant, use ''.
. Kimchi and yellow radishes are delicious.
. I watch TV and movies.
() (or)
This is for choosing between 2 nouns, pronouns, or adverbs.
. I drink beer or makkoli.
. I ride the subway or the bus.
~ (and)
This form is for combining 2 or more verb sentences
. Every day I study Korean and exercise.
. That man went to Busan and visited the museum.
~ (or)
This form is used for choosing between 2 or more actions.
PC . If it's hot, I swim or go to the PC room.
. On the weekend, I exercise or study.
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Advanced
English often uses prepositions to show the relationship of a noun to the rest of the sentence. Examples are "to
home", "across the river", "on the street", etc. Like English prepositions, Korean particles are short words that
describe spacial relationships between objects and designate things like the subject and direct object. Unlike English
prepositions, though, Korean particles come after the words they modify (hence their alternative name:
"postpositions").
Consider the following sentence:
Korean: ' .'
Literally: 'library market next to is.'
English: 'The library is next to the market.'
In Korean, the phrase ('next to') is placed after ('the market').
Below is a basic list of postpositions and words to describe spatial relationships.
("to [a person]")
("from" or "at")
/ (direct object)
nearby
be far from here
be near/close
above/on
below
in front of
behind
beside/by/next to
inside
Here are some examples of how to use these postpositions.

. There's a bird on the roof.
. Mother is in the kitchen.
Postpositions dealing with time
- for
- while
Example sentences
30 . I slept for 30 minutes.
. I talked while watching a movie.
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Conversation
1: Beginner 1. Greeting 2. Forming sentences 3. Connective forms and negation 4. Colors / Shopping 5. Recreation / In a taxi 6.
Family 7. Around the house 8. The workplace / Using the telephone 9. School 10. Onomatopoeia
2: High beginner 3: Low intermediate 4: High intermediate 5: Low advanced 6: Advanced
Grammar
Introduction
An important part of being able to understand and speak Korean is that one must have a firm understanding of the
grammar used to make coherent sentences. During these first few lessons we shall focus on building a useable
grammar base. In this lesson, we will learn some more useful particles, Present progressive, future tense, and the
requesting form. We will also learn some new grammar, but it will not be the main focus of this lesson.
Conversation
Here we find Joseph meeting again.
Dialogue
: ! ,
!
: , , ?
: . .
: ?
: , . ?
: , .
: . .
: .
40
Conversation review
begins with another greeting:
: ! ,
" " can be translated as: "Long time, no see" in English. At first, it's a hard expression to pronounce,
but a little bit of practice should untie your tongue.
: ,
, ?
: . .
.
Yes. I (topic)
now
school (to/towards) go (verb stem) (present progressive)
New vocabulary, new particle, new verb tense. means now. In a later lesson, we will learn many words such
as "later, tomorrow, yesterday, just a second ago, etc". In the next part, uses a new particle with a similar
meaning to what we learned before: "N + ()". This particle means "to", "toward", or "in the direction of". It can
be interchanged with "" relatively safely, but "" with its additional usages, is a little more versatile. If the noun
ends in a consonant then it becomes "" (). Simple.
Finally, we have a new verb tense: the present progressive tense. It can also be made into a statement or question by
adding the "VS + /" or "VS + /" forms. The strange thing about this verb tense is that the
standard "VS + /" can mean the same thing! Remember in lesson 1, Joseph said " ". This could
have also been said " " or even " ." It is your choice. Some combinations
sound more natural to others, but a beginning student doesn't have to be concerned with that. You will eventually get
the feel of what sounds right.
: ?
This might sound funny, but one of the most important things to learn in Korean is not found in this sentence. Where
is the subject? Is it (teacher)? No, there is no subject. In Korean, if the subject of the next sentence is
understood, it can be omitted. This is often found in colloquial English:
English speaker A: "I'm a little busy."
English speaker B: "Oh, studying today?"
However, in Korean, you can omit the subject more freely than English, and sometimes other elements can also be
omitted, resulting in very short sentences. Well, if ("teacher") isn't the subject, what is it? It's the direct
object!
teacher (direct object)
The particle is used to designate the direct object of the sentence, i.e. the thing or person upon which the action is
happening. In most textbooks, this is usually denoted as "/" because "" comes after words ending in a
consonant, and "" comes after words in a vowel. This particle is omitable, but for the beginner, it's best left in so
nothing gets confused.
Now, based on what we have learned so far, one might guess that the verb stem of the verb in this sentence is
"", which is a perfectly logical guess, but wrong. The actual verb stem is "" which means "to meet"
(as you might have gleaned from the previous paragraph). The "" or, more correctly "" is the future
tense form. For this form, it is unimportant whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or vowel. Simply add "" and
then finish off with "" to speak politely. Easy as , no?
: ,
. ?
41
,
No,
(I)
will study.
Joseph
(topic)
today homework (direct object)
?
will do?
This sentence may sound a little strange, but it is nonetheless correct. means "to study", means
"today" and means "homework." will be explained in more detail later, but for now, it means "to do"
when by itself. Notice the on ? What is he doing? his homework!
: ,
.
,
Yes, I (topic) home
.
(at)
will do.
Finally, we have another particle, , which is translated "from" or "at". In this case, it functions as "at". Notice
"Yes, I will do it at home."
: .
.
: .
is a polite way of saying "okay." It also means "Yes that's right."
Korean sentence order

Korean sentences have a different word order from English. Whereas an English sentence typically has a
Subject-Verb-Object word order, a Korean sentence typically has a Subject-Object-Verb word order. For sentences
with only a subject and a verb, Korean and English word order is essentially identical:
Korean: .
subject
verb
English: Cholsu
eats.
subject
verb
If a sentence includes an object, the English and Korean order differs:

English: I am reading a book. English: I(subject) am reading(verb) a book(object)
Korean: . Korean: (subject) (object) (verb).
Korean: .
subject
object
verb
English: Cholsu
eats
the
apple.
subject
verb
object
42
Predicates
A more complete understanding of Korean sentence order requires an understanding of Korean predicates
(). As in English, complete Korean sentences must have a predicate that contains a conjugated Korean
word (). Also as in English, Korean verbs () are conjugated and so can be sentence predicates. However,
with regard to forming sentences, Korean differs from English in two important ways:
1. Korean sentences do not require subjects (), just predicates. (That is, a Korean sentence with only a predicate
is grammatically complete.)
2. Korean adjectives () can be conjugated and used as sentence predicates.
Korean sentences that include subjects, indirect objects, direct objects, and complements often arrange them in this
order:
Korean: Subject () indirect object ( ) direct object ( ) complement
()
English: Cholsu
Subject
gives
me
the apple.
predicate
indirect object
direct object
predicate
()
.
complement
Above is the usual word order in Korean, which is the order most easily understood by native speakers of Korean.
However, excluding the predicate (the verb), the placement of other words is not entirely relevant to the meaning of
the sentence. The following arrangements have the same meaning as the above example:
Korean:
indirect object direct

object
subject
verb
to me
the apple
Cholsu
gives
subject
direct
object
indirect object verb
Cholsu
the apple
to me
Korean:
Review
Vocabulary:
- Long time, no see!

- Teacher
- Homework
- To meet
- To study
- To do
- Now
- Today
gives
43
Grammar:
VS + - Future Tense
VS + - Present Progressive
N + () - Toward
N + / - Direct Object Marker
N + - From, At, Location of Action
Practice:
Conjugate the following verbs with the future and present progressive tenses in polite form:
Add , (), and / particles to each noun:
When you are ready, continue on to Korean/Lesson I3.
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Conversation
2: High beginner 3: Low intermediate 4: High intermediate 5: Low advanced 6:

Advanced
Grammar

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Advanced
Introduction
This chapter talks about how to do comparisons in the Korean language and express superlatives. For those
unfamiliar with the grammar terms, a superlative term basically expresses whether something is the best, the biggest,
the tallest, etc.
Superlatives
To express a superlative in Korean, a speaker can use either or followed by the verb. One example is
telling someone what your favorite movie is. Thus, to say that your favorite movie is the Matrix, you can say
Matrix . This would literally translate to 'I like the Matrix the most.'
44
Comparatives
To do a comparison in Korean, a speaker can use ' ()' followed by a verb. Here are some examples.
. I like coffee better than tea.
. I like math better than history.
If there are 2 objects being compared, the object that that is being compared against is placed right before the .
So in the examples above, the Korean word for tea, , is placed right before the and the Korean word for
history, , is put right before the .
Degree of adjectives
To form varying degrees of adjectives, prefix an adjective with the adverbs or :
: (to be) expensive
: (to be) very expensive
: (to be) extremely expensive
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Korean/Questions
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Advanced
Forming questions
To form questions in high form (), simply add the ending ? if the verb stem ends in a consonant or
? if it ends in a vowel.
Example: ? (Where are you going?)
When forming questions in middle and low form, the questions are implied by a rising final tone, much like in
English. The ending for middle form is ? For low form, just leave off any ending and use just the raw verb stem.
Example(middle): ? (When did you come to America?)
Example(low): ? (Where have you been?)
Korean/Questions
45
Interogative pronouns
The interrogative pronoun means "what". In speech, it is often contracted to :

?
What is this?
?
What did [you] say?
?
What are [you] doing?
The pronoun means "who". It contracts before to make .
The pronoun means "where".
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Korean/Commands
How to make command form ( [])of verbs
First, we must specify if we are speaking to someone who is older or higher in position than us, or to someone who is
younger or lower in position. With children, we may use the less polite (verb stem + ) form. This form is also used
when someone is angry or when giving military commands.
!
Eat your meal!
When you are asking someone politely to do something for you, use (verb stem + / ) form:
!
Please show me.
literally means "to give," but does not translate directly.
When we want to talk modestly about ourselves we use the (verb stem + ) form instead. "" also means
"to give," but is an honorific verb.

I have shown the book.

In Korean, time is expressed like "Now is...". So one would say " " to express "It is six
o'clock." The "" means "now is," the "" means "six o'clock," and the "" means roughly "it
is/be."
Dialogue
?
What is the time now?
, 7
It's 7'o clock right now.
, 2 30
It's 2:30 right now.
, 4
It's 4:30 right now.
Vocabulary
(): now, at present
: how many
(): hour
(): minute
(): half [an hour]
46
47
Chapter 3-Vocabulary
Korean/Expert Hanja
Introduction
This section introduces hanja terms (words originated from Chinese).
( , ) . ( .)
( , ) . ( ?)
/ .
/ .
/ .
Korean/Expert Hanja
( , ) .
1. . 2. . 3. () .
. / / .
. / /
.
1. (). 2. . . 3. .
48
Korean/Expert
Korean/Expert
Introduction
This section is for advanced learners with an expert level of Korean.
tiresome: ( .)
graceful: ( .)
insufficient: ( .)
hardly different: ( .)
near: ( .)
close: , ( .)
go wrong: ( .)
( .)
( .)
49
Korean/Expert
( .)
, ( .)
( .)
( )
( .)
( .)
(
, .)
( .)
( , 1 .)
( MSN .)
. ( .)
. . ( .)
, (
.)
50
Korean/Expert
(
.)
. ( ? !)
. (
.)
. ( ,
.)
. ( .)
. ( .)
. . (
.)
. ( .)
. . (
.)
, , (, ?)
, (
.)
51
Korean/Expert
(
.)
( .)
( .)
(
.)
, ( .)
, ( .)
( ?)
( .)
, ( .)
52
Korean/Expert
( .)
. ( .)
( . .)
( )
( .)
(
.)
, (
.)
( .)
( .)
( .)
( .)
( .)
53
Korean/Expert
( .)
(
.)
( .)
(
.)
( .)
( .)
54
55
Chapter 4- Conversation Level I

Korean/Lesson I1
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Conversation
Grammar
Korean Conversation, Level I, Lesson 1: Greetings

Welcome to the first conversation lesson for learning Korean. By now you should be familiar with hangeul (the
Korean writing system) and how to form syllables. If you are not yet familiar with hangeul, see Korean/Alphabet. It
is highly recommended that you know these basics before you embark on learning how to make sentences and
commencing dialogue.
In this first section, we will introduce basic Korean sentence structure, basic vocabulary, and greetings in Korean.
?
(Shall we start?)
Dialogue
The simple dialogue below is between Korean native and Joseph () from America. Joseph is interested
in Korean culture and language, and was able to meet through a program in his school. Here, they meet for the
first time:
: ,
?
: . , ?
: .
: . .
: . .
: .
Korean/Lesson I1
56
Overview
The conversation began with asking this:
: ,
Here, we learn our first bit of Korean. "?" is a common formal greeting in Korean. It literally means
"Are you at peace?". "" is a title which means "Mr". Joseph replied like this:
: .
, ?
"" means "yes". Then Joseph asked the same question. Typically, the response to "?" is "",
but it is not necessary to respond that way, as we learn from 's response:
: .
" " means "Nice to meet you." This can also be shortened to "", but since and
Joseph have first met, it is best to be as polite as possible. "" means "because we've met".
: .
Here, we learn some important things about making a Korean sentence. "" means "I," and "" means "Me
too". Then Joseph says: " ." This means "I go home." We'll dissect this sentence more in just a
moment. First, let us finish analyzing the conversation:
: .
.
: .
Look carefully at how each says "Good bye" to each other. says " " while Joseph says
" " Why do their replies differ from each other? Well, Joseph is leaving, while it is assumed that
is staying. So, tells Joseph to "Go in peace" (like spock!) and Joseph tells to "Stay in peace." It may
sound funny, but that's how it works in Korea. Remember these two carefully and try not to mix them up!
Grammar: "I go home."

The short sentence ("I go home.") reveals a great deal of usable grammar:
(topic) house (location)
.
go
Let's discuss , , and . As mentioned above, means "I". In Korean, "" marks the primary topic of a
sentence. Joseph is talking primarily about himself, so he says "". Note that if the primary topic ends in a
consonant, "" changes to "" so it's easier to pronounce. So, if Joseph wanted to talk primarily about his house
() instead himself, he would say "".
"" is in a similar class of elements (called "particles"), but it marks the location, such as "to school (), to the
bathroom ()," and so forth. However, if Joseph wanted to say "to me", he would say "", not "."
The difference is that "" means "to that thing or place" and "" (the dative particle) means "to that person."
This is an important distinction to remember, but even if you make a mistake, a Korean will probably still
understand.
Finally, we see the verb, "." Now, if you were to look up "go" in a Korean dictionary, it would probably say
"." This is the verb's unconjugated dictionary or "base" form. "" is the actual root of the verb, or "Verb Stem"
(VS). When we put the verb into a Korean sentence, it must be conjugated. The standard, polite statement
conjugation in Korean is {VS + /}. What does this mean? This means we take the verb stem () and add
"" if the stem ends in a vowel and "" if the verb stem ends in a consonant. In this case, "" ends in a
vowel, so we slip the under it () and add "" = "". If the verb was " (to eat)" then we would add
"" because the verbstem ends in a consonant (). Thus, we have "." A special thing to remember
about this is, when conjugated, the verb is actually pronounced "" like there's a on the bottom. This is
Korean/Lesson I1
57
because of a special pronunciation rule called "nasalization" which we won't discuss here, but keep it in mind.
In order to make a question, the form is {VS + /}. An astute student would see something like that in
"", which is actually a question. So, if wanted to ask "Do you go (are you going)?" he would ask
"?" (Remember pronunciation: ""). Armed with this information, we can now make a statement or a
question with almost any verb.
Review
Vocabulary:
? - a formal greeting
() - "Nice to meet you."
- "Good bye" (to someone who is leaving)
- "Good bye" (to someone who is staying)
- "yes"
- "no"
- "I"
- "house"
- "school"
- "to go"
- "to eat"
Grammar:
VS + - Question, use when VS ends in vowel (e.g.: -> )

VS + - Question, use when VS ends in consonant (e.g.: -> )
VS + - Statement, when VS ends in vowel (e.g.: -> )
VS + - Statement, when VS ends in consonant (e.g.: -> )
N + / - Topic particle
N + - Location particle (to that thing/place)
N + - Dative particle (to that person)
Practice:
Conjugate the following verbs into statement form (VS + /) and question form (VS + /?). Click
"" to check your answers:
Determine whether the topic marker should be "" or "":
Determine whether the particle should be "" or "":
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Conversation

Advanced
Grammar
Korean/Lesson I2
58
Korean/Lesson I2
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Conversation
Grammar
Introduction
An important part of being able to understand and speak Korean is that one must have a firm understanding of the
grammar used to make coherent sentences. During these first few lessons we shall focus on building a useable
grammar base. In this lesson, we will learn some more useful particles, Present progressive, future tense, and the
requesting form. We will also learn some new grammar, but it will not be the main focus of this lesson.
Conversation
Here we find Joseph meeting again.
Dialogue
: ! ,
!
: , , ?
: . .
: ?
: , . ?
: , .
: . .
: .
Conversation review
begins with another greeting:
: ! ,
" " can be translated as: "Long time, no see" in English. At first, it's a hard expression to pronounce,
but a little bit of practice should untie your tongue.
: ,
, ?
: . .
.
Yes. I (topic)
now
school (to/towards) go (verb stem) (present progressive)
New vocabulary, new particle, new verb tense. means now. In a later lesson, we will learn many words such
as "later, tomorrow, yesterday, just a second ago, etc". In the next part, uses a new particle with a similar
Korean/Lesson I2
59
meaning to what we learned before: "N + ()". This particle means "to", "toward", or "in the direction of". It can
be interchanged with "" relatively safely, but "" with its additional usages, is a little more versatile. If the noun
ends in a consonant then it becomes "" (). Simple.
Finally, we have a new verb tense: the present progressive tense. It can also be made into a statement or question by
adding the "VS + /" or "VS + /" forms. The strange thing about this verb tense is that the
standard "VS + /" can mean the same thing! Remember in lesson 1, Joseph said " ". This could
have also been said " " or even " ." It is your choice. Some combinations
sound more natural to others, but a beginning student doesn't have to be concerned with that. You will eventually get
the feel of what sounds right.
: ?
This might sound funny, but one of the most important things to learn in Korean is not found in this sentence. Where
is the subject? Is it (teacher)? No, there is no subject. In Korean, if the subject of the next sentence is
understood, it can be omitted. This is often found in colloquial English:
English speaker A: "I'm a little busy."
English speaker B: "Oh, studying today?"
However, in Korean, you can omit the subject more freely than English, and sometimes other elements can also be
omitted, resulting in very short sentences. Well, if ("teacher") isn't the subject, what is it? It's the direct
object!
teacher (direct object)
The particle is used to designate the direct object of the sentence, i.e. the thing or person upon which the action is
happening. In most textbooks, this is usually denoted as "/" because "" comes after words ending in a
consonant, and "" comes after words in a vowel. This particle is omitable, but for the beginner, it's best left in so
nothing gets confused.
Now, based on what we have learned so far, one might guess that the verb stem of the verb in this sentence is
"", which is a perfectly logical guess, but wrong. The actual verb stem is "" which means "to meet"
(as you might have gleaned from the previous paragraph). The "" or, more correctly "" is the future
tense form. For this form, it is unimportant whether the verb stem ends in a consonant or vowel. Simply add "" and
then finish off with "" to speak politely. Easy as , no?
: ,
. ?
,
No,
(I)
will study.
Joseph
(topic)
today homework (direct object)
?
will do?
This sentence may sound a little strange, but it is nonetheless correct. means "to study", means
"today" and means "homework." will be explained in more detail later, but for now, it means "to do"
when by itself. Notice the on ? What is he doing? his homework!
: ,
.
,
Yes, I (topic) home
.
(at)
will do.
Finally, we have another particle, , which is translated "from" or "at". In this case, it functions as "at". Notice
"Yes, I will do it at home."
Korean/Lesson I2
60
: .
.
: .
is a polite way of saying "okay." It also means "Yes that's right."
Korean sentence order

Korean sentences have a different word order from English. Whereas an English sentence typically has a
Subject-Verb-Object word order, a Korean sentence typically has a Subject-Object-Verb word order. For sentences
with only a subject and a verb, Korean and English word order is essentially identical:
Korean: .
subject
verb
English: Cholsu
eats.
subject
verb
If a sentence includes an object, the English and Korean order differs:

English: I am reading a book. English: I(subject) am reading(verb) a book(object)
Korean: . Korean: (subject) (object) (verb).
Korean: .
subject
object
verb
English: Cholsu
eats
the
apple.
subject
verb
object
Predicates
A more complete understanding of Korean sentence order requires an understanding of Korean predicates
(). As in English, complete Korean sentences must have a predicate that contains a conjugated Korean
word (). Also as in English, Korean verbs () are conjugated and so can be sentence predicates. However,
with regard to forming sentences, Korean differs from English in two important ways:
1. Korean sentences do not require subjects (), just predicates. (That is, a Korean sentence with only a predicate
is grammatically complete.)
2. Korean adjectives () can be conjugated and used as sentence predicates.
Korean sentences that include subjects, indirect objects, direct objects, and complements often arrange them in this
order:
Korean/Lesson I2
61
Korean: Subject () indirect object ( ) direct object ( ) complement

()
English: Cholsu
Subject
gives
me
the apple.
predicate
indirect object
direct object
predicate
()
.
complement
Above is the usual word order in Korean, which is the order most easily understood by native speakers of Korean.
However, excluding the predicate (the verb), the placement of other words is not entirely relevant to the meaning of
the sentence. The following arrangements have the same meaning as the above example:
Korean:
indirect object direct

object
subject
verb
to me
the apple
Cholsu
gives
subject
direct
object
indirect object verb
Cholsu
the apple
to me
Korean:
Review
Vocabulary:
- Long time, no see!

- Teacher
- Homework
- To meet
- To study
- To do
- Now
- Today
Grammar:
VS + - Future Tense
VS + - Present Progressive
N + () - Toward
N + / - Direct Object Marker
N + - From, At, Location of Action
gives
Korean/Lesson I2
62
Practice:
Conjugate the following verbs with the future and present progressive tenses in polite form:
Add , (), and / particles to each noun:
When you are ready, continue on to Korean/Lesson I3.
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Advanced
Grammar
Korean/Lesson I3
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Grammar
"And" and "And?" "Or" or "Or"?

One thing that varies in korean is that there is a difference between an and for a verb and an and for a noun. In
this lesson, we will learn these ands, ors, and buts. It just so happens that today is introducing his friends to
Joseph, so this is a perfect opportunity to use these forms! (Don't feel overwhelmed, there's only 3 ways to say each!)
: .
: ! !
: "" "".
: !
: .
: ?
: ,
.
: ! ! ?
: . , .
: ... ? ?
: . . !
The above example has several new forms in it because of the differentiation between noun "and/or" & verb
"and/or". We'll look at the examples and pick out new vocabulary, and then discuss new grammar separately.
Korean/Lesson I3
63
: .
: ! !
means "to introduce." It's used really often when talking about friends and people you know, but it can
also be used to refer to something like "introducing information." Following that, means "to await
expectedly or excitedly." This can also be said , which sometimes sounds more natural.
: "" "".
Here we meet the noun connective particle (and) and its alternative , used after vowels. More information can
be learned about this in the following section, but it's use is fairly straight forward.
: !
: .
Nothing new here.
: ? : ,
means to come but the connective verb suffix - (and) is connected to it. in this case means from.
(So keep track! You now know it means from or at.) Finally, Joseph responds with (thats right).
: ! !
: .
, .
uses a phrase that is often heard in Korea: " ." This means "you have lots of struggles," but is used
sort of like "must be difficult," a sort of compliment for the listener who might be going through hard times. The
ending on this is "VS+" Which is a sort of exclamatory form. This will also be discussed in the next section.
"" means "Korean food," a sort of contraction of " ," and "" is "Western food." Can you guess the
contraction for this one?
Joseph links the two with "N+()" which is "or" for nouns. The verb form is "VS+" (discussed later, of
course). " " means "both" Afterwards, Joseph uses the stand alone word "," meaning "however" or "but."
The verb form of this is "VS+." It's simplicity doesn't merit any further discussion.
: ...
? ?
: . . !
Korean/Lesson I4
64
Korean/Lesson I4
<<Lesson 3]] | '''Lesson 4''' | [[Korean/Lesson I5|Lesson 5>>
Colors
As well as having two sets of numbers, Korean also uses two sets of colors, one being the native Korean set, the
other being derived from Chinese characters hanja ().
Native Korean set

Various like dozens of Korean words represent similar colors but express the different impression of colors. The
following Korean words about color are the most neutral and normal words.
Korean colors may be followed by native word, bit or bitkkal , or followed by saek () which is derived
from Chinese characters. Each word means color.
Name
Adjective
Translation Notes
ppalgang
ppalgan
red
parang
paran
blue
borasaek
purple
chorok(pulbit) () pureun
green
norang
noran
yellow
hayang
hayan , hin
white
geomjeong
geomeun
black
The adjectives for blue may be used with green. Pulbit means grass-light.
ppal gan ib sool red lips

pa ran ha neul blue sky
pu reun cho won green grassland
no ran byeong a ri yellow chick
hin nun(hin noon) white snow
geom eun nun dong ja black pupil
Chinese character set

jeok, hong (), () red
cheong
()
blue
nok
()
green
hwang
()
yellow
ju hwang
()
orange
nam
()
navy
ja ju
()
purple
hwe
()
gray
baek
()
white
heuk
()
black
Korean/Lesson I4
65
baek in () white person

heuk in () black person
heuk baek pilleum ( film) black & white film
jeok saek s(h)in ho () red light signal
cheong ba ji () blue jeans
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Grammar
Korean/Lesson I5
Vocabulary
Taxi
Hour
Minute
Won (Korean currency)
Around, About ~
Conversation
Joie: . / I want to go to Kang-nam station
Taxi driver: . / Yes I will drive to Kang-nam station
Joie: () ? / How long does it take?
Taxi driver: 20 . / It takes around 20 minutes
Joie: ? / How much is it?
Taxi driver: 5000 . / It is 5000 wons
Joie: . / Thank you
How far is it there? () ?

How long does it take? () ?
Turn left .
Turn right .
Go straight .
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Korean/Lesson I5
66

Advanced
Grammar
Korean/Lesson I6
Vocabulary
Grandfather
Grandfather (formal)
Grandmother
Grandmother (formal)
Father (formal)
Father (very formal)

Father (informal)
Mother (formal)
Mother (very formal)
Mother (informal)
Elder brother (of a male)

Elder sister (of a male)
Elder brother (of a female)
Elder sister (of a female)
Younger brother
Younger sister
Younger sibling
Name (formal)
Name (Informal)
1) words such as , are very formal.
Conversation
Kim: .
John: .
Kim: ?
John: John. . ?
Kim: .
John: .
Kim: ?
John: , .
Kim: ?
Korean/Lesson I6
67
John: . . . .
?
Kim: . .
John: .
Translation
Kim: Hello.
John: Hello.
Kim: What's your name.
John: I'm John. I'm a teacher. What's your name?
Kim: I'm Kim.
John: Nice to meet you.
Kim: Are you American?
John: Yes, I came from America.
Kim: How many people are in your family?
John: There are 5 people. I have an older brother and a younger sister. My brother is a doctor. My sister is a
University student. Do you have siblings?
Kim: I don't. Let's meet again.
John: Good Bye.
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Grammar
Korean/Lesson I7
68
Korean/Lesson I7
Vocabulary
bathroom ()
kitchen
bedroom ()
living room ()
garden ()
garage ()
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Grammar
Korean/Lesson I8
Using the Telephone
? Yeoboseyo? Hello?
John ? John gyesimnikka? Is John there?
? Nugusipnikka? Who's calling?
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Grammar
Korean/Lesson I9
69
Korean/Lesson I9
Kindergarten (yu chi won)

Elementary school (cho deng hak gyo)
Middle school (jung hak gyo)
High school (go deng hak gyo)
University (dae hak gyo)
Graduate School (dae hak won)
Major (jeon gong)

Minor (bu jeon gong)
Study (gong bu)
Dorm (gi suk sa)
School (hak gyo)
College (dae hak)
Philosophy (cheol hak)
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Grammar
Korean/Lesson I10
70
Korean/Lesson I10
<<Lesson 9 | Lesson 10
Onomatopoeia () ui seong eo are words used to imitate sounds.
(ppang) - Bang!
(a-ya) - Ouch!
(at) - Oops!
(eum) - Um...
(nyam-nyam) - sound made when chewing food
(kwang) - Crashing sound
(meong-meong) - Dog barking
(chik-chik-pok-pok) - train sound
(kkul-kkul) - Pig noise
(peol-leok-peol-leok)- flapping of cloth
(ppi-yak-ppi-yak) - chicks chirping
(ya-ong) - meow of cat
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Advanced
Grammar
71
Chapter 5- Conversation Level II

Korean/Lesson II1
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Conversation 1: Beginner
2: High beginner 1. Sports 2. Jobs 3. Downtown 4. Public transportation 5. At the hotel 6. At the library 7. At the farm 8. Medical
care 9. The Weather 10
3: Low intermediate 4: High intermediate 5: Low advanced 6: Advanced
Grammar
Vocabulary
soccer
basketball
volleyball
baseball
() tennis
swimming
golf
skiing
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2: High beginner 1. Sports 2. Jobs 3. Downtown 4. Public transportation 5. At the hotel 6. At the library 7. At the farm 8.
Medical care 9. The Weather 10

Grammar
Korean/Lesson II2
72
Korean/Lesson II2
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Vocabulary
police officer
fire fighter
teacher
student
artist
doctor
nurse
barber
office worker
athlete
scientist
singer
soldier
pilot
engineer
mechanic
musician
Korean/Lesson II3
73
Korean/Lesson II3
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Vocabulary
Movie theater ()
DVD room DVD
PC room PC
small restaurant
Conversation
PC ? Where is the PC room?
? When does the movie start?
Korean/Lesson II4
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Bus (beoseu)
Taxi (taek shi)
Train (gi cha)[This is just train in general. KTX is the new bullet train in Korea and they will know what
you are talking about if you ask for the location of KTX, but remember that KTX is more expensive. You can also
ride the for about $10 less or the for half the cost of KTX, but neither are as fast nor as well kept.]
Subway (ji ha cheol)
Car (Cha)[also the word for tea]
Station (yeok)[as in subway/train station. For example, Seoul station is ]
Subway line or route (seon). [For example, if you took the yellow subway route, or the , there is a stop
at where there is an awesome public park and bungee jumping.]
Korean/Lesson II5
74
Korean/Lesson II5
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(hoe-tel), Hotel (ye-yahk) reserve, make a reservation
Dialogue
? ?
Korean/Lesson II6
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Vocabulary
(): library
: magazine
: book
Korean/Lesson II7
75
Korean/Lesson II7
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Vocabulary
sheep
field
cow
rice paddy
farmer
Korean/Lesson II8
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Vocabulary
hospital
ambulance ()
doctor
nurse
fever ()
flu
catch a cold
illness
Korean/Lesson II9
76
Korean/Lesson II9
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Vocabulary
rain
snow
sunny
cloudy
Korean/Lesson II10
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Grammar
Vocabulary
film, movie
theater
Multiplex
screen
77
Chapter 6- Conversation Level III

Korean/Lesson III1
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Conversation 1: Beginner 2: High beginner
3: Low intermediate 1. The human body 2. Religion 3. Nature 4. The universe 5. Reading a book 6: ?
7. Using computers 8. At the restaurant 9 10
4: High intermediate 5: Low advanced 6: Advanced
Grammar
head, hair
hair
brain
eye
eyebrow
nose
cheek
mouth
teeth
jaw, chin
neck
shoulder
arms
hand(s)
finger(s)
fingernail
stomach, belly
leg(s)
knee
foot
toe(s)
bone
flesh
ear
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3: Low intermediate 1. The human body 2. Religion 3. Nature 4. The universe 5. Reading a book 6:
? 7. Using computers 8. At the restaurant 9 10
Korean/Lesson III1
78
Grammar
Korean/Lesson III2
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Introduction
This section covers the terms related to religion and encourage the student to speak about his/her religious beliefs
using the Korean language. When learning about religion in the Korean language, there are some important factors to
consider. First of all, there are 7 different speech levels in the Korean language accompanied by a set of honorific
forms for each speech level. In the Korean Bible, the translators use the Hasoseoche() form for many of the
verses. For daily speech, the reader should use one of the lower speech forms instead.
The second thing that the reader needs to do is be prepared to learn the hanja for many of the words used in the
religious texts. If the reader learns a few hanja every week, that reader will be able to be able to learn the vocabulary
more quickly. The hanja are used in the mixed script Korean Bible, , as well as some other Korean
religious texts.
Vocabulary
- Religion
- God
- Jehovah (God's name)
- Heaven
- The Devil(-satan)
- Hell
/ - Holy spirit/Holy Ghost
- spiritual
- Church
() - The Bible
- Buddhist Temple
- no religion
- Buddhism
- Buddhist Bible
- Buddha
- sect
- eternally
Korean/Lesson III2
79
- paradise
- reincarnation
- resurrection
- Jesus Christ
- apostle
- to pray
- an answer(spiritual)
- to believe
- to understand
- misunderstanding
- to be confused( too)
- scriptures
() - Temple
() - Son of Man
() - salvation
() - miracle
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Korean/Lesson III3
Korean/Lesson III3
Vocabulary
sea
mountain, hill
river, creek
Korean/Lesson III4
Vocabulary
the Universe
astronaut
star
constellation
sun
solar system
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Pluto
Comet
80
Korean/Lesson III5
Korean/Lesson III5
Vocabulary
book
reading
bookstore
magazine
Korean/Lesson III6
<<Lesson 5]] | '''Lesson 6''' | [[Korean/Lesson III7|Lesson 7>>
6: ?

A: ? B: A: ? B:
? A:

: as much as : sky : earth, ground : parent : consider: weigh(=;measure)

: very very much
81
Korean/Lesson III7
82
Korean/Lesson III7
<<Lesson 6 | Lesson 7
7:
computer
/ laptop computer/notebook computer
monitor
mouse
software
online
internet
homepage (slang for )
Korean/Lesson III8
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8 : At the restaurant
rice
soup
kimchi
meat
pickled radish
doenjang, soybean paste, miso
jjigae, pot stew
water
wine
head cook
cook
coffee
beverage
bread
salt
sugar
soy sauce
Korean/Lesson III8
83
a bowl of rice
a cup of coffee
? May I take your order?

taking water is self-service
? How much is this/are these
Today's recommeded menu
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Korean Textbook

For beginners through slightly advanced.

Korean/Essential Pronunciation Rules

Korean/Advanced Pronunciation Rules

Korean/Getting started on Hanjas

Korean/Sentence word order

Korean/Comparatives and superlatives

Korean/Dates and times

Chapter 4- Conversation Level I

Chapter 5- Conversation Level II

Chapter 6- Conversation Level III

Image Sources, Licenses and Contributors

III This is a Category III Language.

Reading and writing

Introduction to Korean Grammar

Sentence word order

Comparatives & superlatives

Articles & qualifiers

Forming dates & times

2 (LEVEL II): High beginner

7. Around the house

8. The workplace / Using the telephone

10. At the Theater

3 (LEVEL III): Low

1. The human body

6. How much do you love me?

4 (LEVEL IV): High intermediate

5 (LEVEL V): Low advanced

6 (LEVEL VI): Advanced

About this Book

6 Korean regular vowels: diphthongs in red

Lesson 3 (final and four more letters: )

Writing Korean letters

Syllables with a horizontal medial are written downward:

Initial consonant placeholder

Korean/Essential Pronunciation Rules

Plain, aspirated, and tense

Some consonant jamo are plain, some aspirated, some tense:

Korean/Essential Pronunciation Rules

Initial, Middle, and Final Consonants

([ka]): initial sound is unvoiced.

Korean/Essential Pronunciation Rules

Final-initial pairs and

Korean/Essential Pronunciation Rules

([mat], "flavor, taste")

Korean/Advanced Pronunciation Rules

Korean/Advanced Pronunciation Rules

This lesson is incomplete. Help by clicking "edit" or use [[]].

Korean/Advanced Pronunciation Rules

(North Korea), pronounced ()

Korean/Advanced Pronunciation Rules

Some combinations involve palatalization:

(man-nam-gwa in-sa) - Greetings

? (young-o-rul hahl-jool ahsimnika?) = Can you speak English?

mahn-sa-seo in-sa-hahl-te dae-wha

Young-Sook: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo! yong-o-rul hahl-jool a-se-yo?

yok-siri in-neun double-roomul won-hahm-nida.

je o-ta-go je nam-pyon sin-sa-bo-gul da-rio-joo-se-yo.

Mee-Young: ahn-nyong-ha-se-yo? single-roomee in-na-yo?