You are on page 1of 66

tsZ)q

-Z

y{+ Zz**

}pz
7
8
9
12
20
22
25

31
35
40

48
49
55
64

70

,xc

C5]zZ}
.

+ F,
h
xsZtg

s %Z

s%Z Zuz

s %Z Z

ixc

M %xc<

ZIZ

[ZsZ)!Z

I
H

]
4
h
bV
w+Z

w+Z Zuz

w+Z Z

y Ww

C1
t X 7 ~ Vz yZ YY Hg (Z
z xcgzZxsZ

Zz]!*
bkZX 6,
w}uzq
-Z
CT w0*
@*
uq
-Z

xsZ~V/}uzXtq
-ZxcgzZtIq
-ZxsZ

Bv

X `wH~yZZBq
-Z6,
VzQX x Y q
-ZxcgzZ {oq
-Z

Yg (Z&awtig W D~zc<
bT
1X Y0 zc <
W Dq tig=g f bZ

VzXtq
-Zxc:gzZ t I q
-ZxsZ : t|

X '!*

pxc 7#xc{z { ZpxsZ It V

t |1X \g- wg ZD
q
-Z i !*
ZxsZ
X x !*
g ZVzgzZ,

x Z ZzxcgzZxsZ

}uX , Zz"(,~ V4Zzt X }uz q


-Z6,g{z

s
# zg kZ ,VX X7}uzq
-Z }

a"
$U*
-ZxcgzZxsZ B{ ^
q
,Y b yZgzZ ,yB

X g YK7sV

D
!
- ZT Wzq
-Z~: i { xc C1
m{ ~~VzS{W1X DYbg Z
X D7kZgzZg T 3gt kZ xc6,
g

,xc
y
KZ y g Hc*
g y Y g Z ~ ] yzg Ze
$E

-Z Z l
"gi
+
g~g @*
Y
1883 ag 17 kZ {Lq
t XC1 Hc*
E
$
Z~ {LkZX Dk
,
6,Gg wg z q
-Z~ y
Txc tkZX ~yVz|kZgzZ:tg
{!*
T yDgkZZgt H7~i Z0
+Z4gzZ { c*
ig

{g !*
~,.kZ @*
6,
Y kZQ {zgzZX Y ZZyzg Z e6,gdgzZ
gzZb~\g-

hV- e I~V/}uz
M
/Z]!*
kZX
H

6,V 0*
-Z sJ
q
-Z {z ]z Z}
.LZ y
KZ x G

g V 0*
Zuz d
$ Z}
." kZ,X H yzg Z e ~9

X Hc*
g

xq
-Z %K Zg ~}g !*
X Z+F,
Zz0
+
i

H0
+
i ay
KZ t}uz c*
W~ zby
KZ tq
-ZX M
h^7

Zg 9aLZwZ}uzgzZ **
= zLZwZX
t X , Y m }uz gz Z b C m q
-Z X **

6,gi =q
-Z z
KZ X

} a }uz q
-Z !*
]ZVz

@*
Y H0
+
i Z
# gzZ Cc_ 0
+
i q
-Z ._ kZ

} t y
KZ: i +F,
*X @*
gq
-Z x Zz i WLZkZ6,gD
C1 Marx Engels Selected WorksVOL. II, P. 163 (Mascow-1949)

y
KZ ZX z ~[Z t q
-Z { ]Z x gzZ y Wz }i ;g W`

X C{ Zg 9kZgzZ}]c*
Z@zx Za0
+
i
KZ hZgzZ H Za
g Z kZ : Zz tZ}
.

9~ y Z Q

~g @*

] ~g T e**
]Z f Z ~
. y ._gkZX Zz

kZgzZ Z}
.q
-Z1X*u 0
+
iyZ zV
KZ TgzZ ;g^6,
V Zpy
KZa~+ YY7$
+~wq y (Zy

Z (Z6,
gx a kZ Sg 7!*
Rag Z MZgzZ +
M **
Z KZ C7,[6,
kZ Z}
. V,ZX c*
5uB
{oZ VyZ
{z6,x **
Vr pyZgzZ i W 4z%Z p } {q
-gzZ

,Z

Z}
.y
KZ : i *bkZX Le **
^
,YyZT 1^
,Y
uaZzgg KZ O~zcx ZZ}
.gzZ
Wg Uphg
G
{
.s~uzgzZxZpkZ sq
-ZX ;g
8Zg
V ZpKZ { z g O $ Z}

kZakZX }g Z + Z}
. Y7]P`tgzZ Le 7**
hg

VrZ}
.kZ Y7 ]i YZ Z}
.{ z gzZ H XZiu

X 1^
,YaLZ6,
x **

C5]zZ}
.

~ ~{~,,~\g- 1 g W: i +F,
*wq]gt

q
-q
-Z Zg !*
~ g@*
kZ Zx yxgGgzZ b

u{z[ ZX}g Z zZ}


.}u{z ety
KZX g (Z ^

Z}
.~
. y ;e kZX Le **
qCZ Z}
.ZgZ',O
9

g (ZZz Vra46, @*
Y vsy
KZpO

V-g 0*
~: i kZ Xn e ]i YZ LZp{z g: ]gz

OZ g Z~ <
{z t s: ~ \g- }g gzZ W,
Z ',
i
Z}
.gzZ Q W,
Zt yZX W,
Z',
i yZ 6,( Vx J
-C^ eZ

2~i"gzZJx Z|X 6,Y W" <


76, 46,
kZ {!*
g !*
kZ O gzZ i" yZ ~g 0*
t 1X

kZYX T e 7**
Z6,]xI ZV|{z X D]g
D
!
q i" 7Z {z OkZXN Yzs [gzZ Z}
.{z t {z a q ]n Z}
.~ ]yWgzZ i" @*
T e g ~

ZZ
+YD
A ~ i kZOX , Z Z Zg 2
+7ZgzZ N Wk0*
V-g 0*
E
EG
gzZ**
]i YZ y L $ Zz6, ]nX bVzm,
z*
EH
" ]
q=g f gzZ 46,Z}
.
A X D YK |
# z
" HG3u
Xgh
+yn~0
+e kZ y V 0*
0*
vO

X Dg Z *0
+
i# V
!*
v{zgzZ W',
i G=g fg !*
zg kZ
,i zz ]c*
6 6 Zi W ~ \g- Z
# ~ ]q,Z
yZZ6,
kZ1"gzZ W6,
]Zyzx ;zZ ;V- g 0*
'UI

gzZ bkZ VYX 0*


',#
~ VI Y Hg Z
D
!
zDgzZ Y^IXZ )x 0*
0*t - Za ~ Zi W
Xg: !*
g Z MZ yZzzY{ ZC
5q
-Z

6 yZ c*
} :s VZbgzZVzyZ G!*
g ZO

yZgzZ yp yZ6,
x **
\
+gzZg Z)f7]c*

10

4G
5G4$
\7 N ZI [ZX ~} ]i YZ G

gzZ Vzg VX
R V V { Vzy , N Zw+D
+
%gzZ {u5 yZ ._
X Xqz b NZwB~g" e
$.VpZyZX ~Vz

V Wg ZD
32 ~ XIg 2
+[Z kZ 3Y &
HH{ i Z0
+Z
4z ~ V Zz %yZ X
5gzZ (Brunoe) z', g ] G
G3G
5G3E
Hc*
{0
+
i
C1
X v(Gallilio)
q
-Z <
DIZ
z kZ Ztb: Xz yZG

g: !*
q Z {z @*
c*
g Z Z}
.ah gzi G VrZ X Za

{ zX
H0s %Z Z}
.x bs%Z Gx bX zZg7 G6,T

qza0*
;gg Z MZ6 I} q
-Z
Y ZZ ]z

kZX YJ
-g Z zkZ ]z g Z MZ] p{z

Z}
.
/Z tq
-ZX ]gzVzqza`~h 0
+
i7Z6,gCg
gzZ W[Z TtV
KZ t}uz ?
HW~ zy
KZp 7 z

g e[Z wZ?H~
. y a0
+
i Cy{ ZgkZ 7
X ( 1818X1883 ) g wg [Z }uz gzZ c*
( 1809X1882) yzg Z e

1wJ Ug {zakZ ._ZpV CZ \g- [Z yzg Z e

~\g- {zakZ CW]KZ6g Z MZu',~+ [Z g 1X


H
X HW,
Oz} (,
*h
+]
.kZg Z6fp
/ZX e:

X b
z<
!c[cgeZegzZ \g-tZ g @* [
95a,'
+C 1
h

11

: h
+ F,
xsZtg

bTX z ~ q
-Z y
KZ
Hc*
t[Z wZ

/gzZ 0*
Z }i iZ%}g t gzZ @*
wY V
C|
# g I
HZ
gzZ Z Za 0* Z QHq
-Z
z y
KZ bZX D 0*
x Z lp
y
KZggzZ gy s !*
Z@*
g (Z ^Vzg Z0
+YZ~V iEg @*
Q
]gkZ @*
W ` Wg7 VKgzZ y
KZt c*
X
Hg

wj 6,} Q ZZ 0
+
i H7 { x Z9 ~
U*0^ CZ6,wzZ 0^kZ g X c*
J
-x kZkZ p

kZ gzZ
H0 y
KZ p=g f ~ E q
-Z y
KZ bT kZ X c*

!*
C
}y 0
+
i bZ 74
g ]~[Zt ~
]gz g Yg { aq 0
+
i [ x q
-Zy
KZX W7

c*
g `g {v X ;g 0*
x Z =g f~ x t VY7
VYX ,
yZg T e**
Zg~0
+
i
KZwZ {
y q
- 4,
kZ X 7 z wZ Yg { ,Z |g q
- 4,
kZ

Hq
-Z wj ~ kZy
KZX |z : 0
+
iKZ y
KZp~
.
x +F,9 0
+
i kZ wj kZ [Z c*
J
-y
KZ } Q

Y g c*
{ x ~ * Y g Z C yzg Z eX ;g Y s

-ZB{ bT kZ X c*
q
bz z Zg f x z ~ * Y g Z

eq0
+
i]c*
gzbZ c*
y
KZ} Q]g @*
E
0
+
i
KZ

Z{zVpbzzZg f gzZ4z]
.y
KZ~

yZ ]gz Vzq Xy
KZ a g {0
+
i X
12

g Y sY g Z

@*
W~ zgz ~ OZ q
-Z

y i !*
~ yZgzq

@*
Za gz Cc*
F,
{ c*
iq
-Z Zuz , kZgzZ @*
Y ^I x V

bkZX
C:
L Za gzCc*
F,{ c*
igzZ}q
-ZgztQX
4y
KZ

V {z c*
g Zz Z ~ OZ X ;gY `t VF,
/

kZX $
Y xg @*
+
M
KZ=g f4ZgzZX g Y sw

: qg D =

~ VVzg Y J
-up
/Z **
wEZgzZ **
g ZizZ
X S~i q
Zt g ZzZa V
KZ6,gm{1 @*
Y c*
0*
E
"

E
g ZizZ py
KZ (Benjamin Franclin) 1G
a Z
a**
` g ZizZ i }g
/X p Z Zz
Vzg Y n
pg Z Z ~ eG
VvJ e ~ OZ
-!
AE
Z ` X (Fossil Bones) Vc*
A ? a + Y Va**
kZ @*
x7Y Z : ikZi q
Zb!*
g Zz Z ~ OZ
X igzZVzgZizZ{z ~gz'Ytn

KZ6,
V D0
+
Kzg kZF,
s:W
X C1 {z X ]qY yZ4Z

y kZ [ ZgzZ ~g Y +
M
KZ Wt Y g Z
tu [ Z ` ~g Z Ygz Z ` x *X

Wd
$

X c*
d
$

^Y g Z
KZ kZ c*
W ` : Zg Z

Y V~gz g Z ~y WLZ y
KZ t kZ [ Z
C1 Capital Vol. 1 PP. 179-80 (Moscow-1954)

13

X ! x ~y WkZ gz Z

LZ~p ~Wq
-Z6,
] [g KZ~1859g

:H7~p Zsfzgq tkZ

c*
g 2 ] V 6,kZ _ LZ ~'

r
KZ:gzZ $
W~_LZyZp :
Z

~ 0
+
i ,a yZ YY yZ 6,.
F,
x zG
~,g VZ X C o~ ]q

x **
(Civil Society) ` ~VzZ
gzZ ~ ',
X CY0*
~]c*
OZ|
# m= ` kZX c*
Z
kZ ~ z', H qz~ kc ~

_t ] c*
OZ

h
e~
.Zg !*
-ZgzZ H~
q
.Z ~ _kZ'3g ~g Y
g "Z 3gt LZ w ga_h
+'
~T
g ZzZa ]Zg f6,
gY YYH7bkZkZB

hZz ~ ]b!*
nmq
-Z 6,gi v~ yZgz
]~g ZzZatX CqC
!*
g (ZyZ ZztgzZ D Y
X D }W w2mY g Z V! ~g ZzZa ~ yZ

X @*
J e ~ OZ ` ]~g ZzZa yZ
TgzZ Cy]g q(gzZ 6,T
C{z ZgJ e

q]c*
gz~ 0
+
iX Cg Z%
mgY ._
X D^6fgzZ ( Y x 0
+
ij
kZ

kZt @',
kZ @*
7 kZgy
KZ

~ ` V6,x m{ q
-Z F,KZ X Cg
14

!*
X CY 0] ~g ZzZa i LZ ~g ZzZa
g Cx {z{gg0
+ZX CY Z ]yZ!v
yZ]t( g =g f Y g Zh
+'
V!~g ZzZa

D Y 0 Vc*
c a V!

X @*
i W g z ! zZ A
$X

sp~!e
$.J e Zg7 `

zs$
+Vz
C~ OZ

~ ~ ]q ~ OZ g ZzZa
z Dg6,]ZpyZ X @*
Y
gzZ YY HB~g7XyxgV=p

XyxgVCc*
t: C1)I(

~gz **
i q
Z @*
k
B tgzZ @*
0*
g4z]
.kZ y
KZ
p{z C 7t
CZg ~g ~}g !*
bTX

g i kZpp bZ &H\WLZ

Y W~_ ZZ 0
+
i ~ gt yZ X M
h7
g6,4z]
.kZ X

~g ZzZa gzZ V! ~g ZzZa `

F,
._ RKZ VgzW Za x yxg ]

dZh
+]
.g ZzZa bZgzZX Z7a **
x Y LY0*
]q ~ x {z J
-Z
# D W7~ zJ
-
z kZ ]

bhZ ~ , ` p

~gze
$.a z kZ

i{z& g)f LZn


Z
KZ q aZX V`0*
: lgz6,
Z np N 0*
Yg{ c*
iXkZ VY $

]q ~ ~gzaikZ Z
# @*
Za
z

YY t ~p Z { X V~q z K
M F,
i Z c*
V
15

~g ZzZa Zzjg1{ gzZ ~ Y * Z j]g @*


x g ZzZa

~g ZzZa Zzjg1 ~ gz F, x ~ OZ ` tj
Vs~ ZZKX ]K~yW~Y g ZzZa ]
g ZzZa ]q 0
+
iY

S+Z ]yZ 7~

g 0*
lgz6,~,` Zzjg1 ~g ZzZat p

gz t =g fX g ~ z ]q ~ yZ
z

gz ]g@*
I `
KZB x Y kZ bkZ gzZ Y
C1
X Y(prehistoric age)

Z **
3aLZ y
KZ X{)z
) Zgiz t ,g kZ

7=g fq 0
+
ic*
gzwyZ @*
qq~uzgzZ
^mq
-Z Vx 0
+
i gzZ C
M F,
g
KZ 4Z
7vsy
KZ lpg ZzZa KZ {z Zg f qg ZzZa X D
nq
-ZgZizZtX @*
CZ6,yZ WX Dg ZizZ

X w$
+` p q~
C{z~pX Tg s$
+
Tg7

g CVpZkZ
8x g ZizZy
KZ~: i

t ~i qg ZzZa X @*
Y 1x V0~(,~(,[Z J
-V
qq
-Z ` gzZ Sg Csp0
+
i
KZ
p g @*
qg ZzZa ~ V/}uz X

,q {zZg Vp

CY sq ~uz

Lg Lgy
KZ t [zZ zh
+]
.X g @*
Y g Z `
KZ
wq]gkZ X @*
g !*
zg Z Z6,g~ ZZtu} h
8x g ZizZ
C1 Karl Marx, Selected Works, V. 1- P. 300-1 (MASCOW-1946)

16

qy Yx6,gZz
zkZ VYX H Za g!~ ZZ
]Zgx {z ~ ZZ Z X sX~ ~g q gzZ

{z k0*
T

@*
6,
,
k
gzZ Z}
.X @*
Yt ZgzZ<
XZa

8
Zuz z q
-Z @*
xZ Z u5Z z w }uz q
-Z X Y Z
k0*
T%q
-Z @*
gt [g Zz m,
gzZ yZ0
+{ ~ X}:

Z x t c*
Xg !*
~ yZ0
+{ Z=g f t Y Z gzZ V
$Zgz {z
HW

56,gwZyZ `g {:gzZ:qpZ &


+{zZa ]Zg
XgzZ g0
+Z` w!* @]q yZ ~ f
KZt X

gzZ )gzZ ]4zg0


+Z` X Y{Z
+V s
z<
VM ]q {z Xg k0*
Z {z
HZ

xet

T c*
zc*
gzy ZgzZ $x Z Zw zyY c*
t Z
G-G
4 $
)gzZ X ,D =g fZgzZ:7 t x

X K 2~ k#ZgzZ *Z$
+ k
B : ix**
+
M
KZ !Zy~
C{z
X aV6x {z

X Z Z y
KZJ
-[Z~X c*
w$
+]q ~ yZ [zZ zp

[ZX c*
sp~ VgzWZa ~(,kZ} F,
g ZzZa Zg fz [zZ kZ
Wg "V0 @*
7x B; q
-Zs~g q
~(,~(,
W Z gzZ ](/lgzZ X

Dg q q
-Z

wEZ } hzZz \(} hg ; V0


Vzg ZD
V I Vc*
1~(,~(,$
+ V Kg KgVzvg X

Vc*
~g ZzZa p bg ZzZa Zg fX
H ~gz **
x Bq
-Z Vzgz'

17

[Z X x m q
-Z s(x }g q
-Z X ~p
uVzgz'
{z 0 ~1,q]JgzZ Z ]:}

kZ yZX @*
7,**
g*B; Vzgz'
Z~ YKg 7ZYX

[zZ bkZ X c*
Z kZ Y7t [ Z ~ }g !*

X~}Zw~ ZZg ZzZa

tJ
-[ ZX c*
2~ } (,q
-Z ` [ zZ kZs~uz

pX @*
q kZ { z VY @*
g ZzZa W
kZ { z [ ZqX Z q kZ W~ ] q 6

g Z |KZg ZzZa X
H0 q Vzuz X ; g 7q
kZgzZg Zz Za X Zg [ Zi~ ZZ z !1 _Z

k(, t F,
zX Z i b)x +
M
KZ ~ Z
{ z 7 g ZzZa 1 @*
g g Zz Za t y s !*
gz Z Y
g g ZzZa q
H0 g Zz Za }]z s g Ztu

g D] Z bkZ kZ ~ g @*
X 7z kZ ~

Zg f t ]z kZ X Z 7V c*
gzZ Zz Z L t kZ 1
D6,yZ N Y

~Vy ZB; ZZg ZzZa

x { z ~pkZX Y ` 6,g ZzZa Zg f bkZX y Z


G4 $
+2Z gzZ wZ
D Y} {~g @*
n -G N Yw$
G4 $
-G W~ zakZ s Y` gzZ:7 X g

yQ V7 w N Y Z
# X }D
X } C c*
i6,y eDs
18

$
d

|y
KZ

g C ( C4 bkZ ~ g @*

Z !*
W X } J
-|y
KZ6,g~yWk
B t [Z X g C

kZX N Za
yzZZgzZ c*
W[zZQX @*
x CZ f KZ Z

gz ~y W~7&
+Z : e} (,
y
KZ[ZgzZ qz~g Z: {g gzZ ~ph
+'

Zg fqg ZzZa c*
Za ykZt [zZ ~y WkZ X
HV~
lp{z bkZX N Y ~` }g ~ ZZ
G-G
4 $
N Y b{zy X yxg )gzZ Y

a x kZ nX g YK 6,xz s
y
KZ X :
L Z V6~g K~ V5z `

j!~ ZZX Y4Z~0


+
ix Zg W~$
+Zx
pakZ C!KZV~kZ H Za wj ~

X @*
Za gzgzZ r"akZgz$vgzZgz
X @*
Za g

ZX C Za BgzZ akZ s~uzgzZ sq


-Z
Za]ZgnkZakZ Yw$
+!*
wj ~ t~x !

X h
e~c5q
-Z yEZzyjgzZyzb!*
y
KZX Y

ZztX 7{Y Z bZ
Z Hy6,
zZ tt g

wj LZ ]zZ gzZ @*
W,
O ]q
zgzZ 0
+
i KZ y
KZ

Vz
/ZgzZ V
KZ ZbZX @*
Yg ZakZ Os
7'!*
ZgzZ 5'!*
t X D YZ!*
{zgzZ @*
YZa ]zZ ~
y
KZq 1X 7Rs%Z~kZ HgZsg
/ZX

zg ZgzZ g Z

wZ y
KZ {zZ B
bgm ]q Z c*
]
19

, @*
7q];]uZz yZ {zX qz_y
KZ 0J5k!~

y
KZ qz b[Z ]ZyZVzq4Z {zX @*
q
e **
H~
. 0
+
iy akZ mH kZB] ~g7 H

xg 6,TzzX Hiq! x ~yWgzZ+


M
KZ

q V!Z~zbC
,q tg zz gzZ B
E
!
yZ~ wZ KZgzZ CY W - " ~o
pa ,g {z CW

X Lg7!*
yiz

: s %Z

D
!
- + tkZX tsZ Z tt wkZ
:

t6,
gi

X N 0*
gZ

]sZzZ~ g x?Z:Y m
CZX 1

cDTSebD% Z}
.VzZ}
.{z 7tyZ c*

g ZzZa ]q
z x t g Z w
KZ6, kZgzZ

!*
z hwkZ H Vg
z LZ yZX

Y ZZ `
KZ Vc*
/VZ C4yZ g @*

t 7k
B
LZ 7X x Z}
.t ~ V/}uzX gW6,}i

CZ f LZ ZZPX lw: pgzZ


$E

F ZgzZ g O X 1 Z98
-e gz kzaw
:
H~

C1 Manifesto P. 61 (MOSCOW- 1949)

20

kZ ~ h WT ~g d
$
Zzjg1 <
t Z y
C1
X |]Z

1X Le b wq
-Z {z g Z

vZ V
KZ }g <

{z 6 V ]4z xgzZ ~ ` Z
# ._,g
~x**
wq
-Z~q+Z g

{ z t Z
KZ 9X ]Z ~g Z +
$Y ]Z x +Za kZ X **

]c*
ZgzZ I x xg ._gkZX @*
e
$xs
kzg~>yZ X g Z

~g k Zzjg1syZgzZ Cg Z
t Z [ Z x ZZ kZ ~1920 ',
ZB2{k

: 7

s Zzjg1 {z ~ VsyZ
G ]Z ~ Vs

7 Z}
. G X @*
~
.Z ]c*
Z@ z x Z Z}
.wZ Z K 7
Dx!ZjZ}
. Zzjg1 gzZg Z }i G!*
gZ

Y [pX

,Z ' T e **
D ]Z LZ wZz wZ {z
c*
VK~
.Z
t Zgz V
KZ

tugzZ Vzg Z }i d
$
-Z q
q
-Zt

Dg Z V Zx

X V: F
F6,gC4

(befogging of the minds)Z e {6


,6,V gzZ Vzgz'
a Vzg Z

$ Zg
,@*
4z]
.C4 tg mz6,s F,x t Z 0 E

X 4z]
.C4tg mz6,
.$wZZ}g X
~

6,^ V gzZ Vzgz'


sVzg ZtugzZVzg Zi ` **
Z6,

Za Za kZ1
8Zx kZ **
{ nkZ X
21

VgzZ V {g s Zt X Y7Za Z nkZ Z}


.X ]gz
E gzZ Cc*
M F, Y Za ~g mz6,skZ X YY H Za =g f

Y~

yZ YxZ s' VZ v Y [Zp

y ` 6,gDgzZ YLb~g7 YBD


X Y

t 7qx **
t ZC
!*
`
KZ 6,T :
Lt
C1X
,@*
4z]
.C4tg mz6, {zt Z Zg d
$
-Z
q

s %Z Zuz

6,
Zz hy
KZ { z @*
gwkZ <
, bZ
li q
-Z s ] 4xt q
- 4,
kZ X

x **

Zz h { z(q
-Z pg !*
x w ZgzZ t X

$
7~pL~ T
ZEZ q
-Z { z <
X qz
, Z@',
kZ,g 1X ~gz wV 7aV
KZ: iC

- 4,
q
kZX @*
~g Zz Z ]g @*
Z g @*

KZ { zX @*
7twZ
m

gzZ wZ x VY 7 w Z
Z EZ ~ 0
+
i
KZ

kZ @*
7a gz ~ OZ Z
# gzZ D Za

tZ z <
t kZ X

gz ~ OZ

ha b { Za
M

z wZ x X ;g ,@*
] q
z
rg Z kg
x kZ gzZ

D W~ z a e
$ x m] Zg

X 7q x **
ZEZ ~ 0

+
i
KZ X

D Y w$
+pB%$
+

5] C 1
( Y 1947 j ) 66768 xzgz HH

22

x y ZpX , x ~g y
KZ~gz mg @* M
hwZ, Z
VY Tg 7x wZ { zQkZgzZ @*
Y : i q
-Z

7!*
Z~VZ yZ

z kZ D Yw$
+] qY Z
# ~gz
{ c*
i { c*
i xsZ ._tkZX Za ~ ] q Y * Sg

gz *q
-ZF,

KZV- Y1y q]g @*


-ZkZ ts Z Z
q

D F,
$
d
KZ 1 { Zpagz ]g @*
LZ 7 zgT g ZzZa
a +
M
KZ X 7Z kZ ~ kZ J
-gz T[ Z D

g Zz Za d
$ z T{ zY @*
7Za wZ qzg kZ [ Z
g c*
: i ZZY g Z^ { zX 7+
M
KZ ZJ
-
z kZ

w ZH q gt, Z~* ` WQg ZzZa z :


g " a w] c*
w qgzZ

g " a w q ] c*
X

[ !*
-Z g @*
q
Z/y
KZ b] c*
}uznKZ xsZXV

X
[Zg7] n
!zCZ
$E

(eternal truths)
ZEZ~[!*
-Z 8
q
g-eAZ [KZ Z

7g q
-Z L t Z q
- 4,
V
KZ x DW6,q
gzZ Zzjg1 Y Z%Z g Z Y 6 & ` { }g
c*
~gy
KZ

Z
# X ;g

$ q
6,Z s n
pg t Z 0 E
-Z CZ tg mz6,

C4 yZ6,X D~
.Z ]iLZ Z LZ6,g~g)

Dx ngzZg ZzZa {zg0


+ZX ]~ OZ yZ X z
: q{zkZX

Z 6,
zZ}g T Dh
+ F,
+ZC
akZ
23

Z Zz g !*
gzZ ~yW**
6,
g
ZEZ{o

bgwZ xLZ * Z ( b~ ) kZX y


B
X Tg wV7 ~gzC
g @*
gzZ~ Vx

t~yWLZ bZx J
-[Z t Zg @',
kZ

C4J
-[Z a gzZ gg ZzZa ]q ~ OZ
z~
C4t Z x J
-[Za kZ g Cwss%Z
kZgzZg ZMZu'
, t Z {z~ kZ g tZ

Wg Z MZu',
" t Z {zgzZ g Z
^
,Y
@*
g Z kZ ~ wgzZ b', kZ s { J
-

6X ;g Y g Z 6,g ]Z ~ yZgz kZ X

Vzut Z C4J
-Z1X ;gY g Z~xE
KZ}uz

kZgzZ#
SC4 tZ
KZ q
-ZX n7g 0*
Y Vx ,Z Z
# e
z Z u0*
J
-{E
+
Z !*
{z ~ 0
+
i i [ C4 t s: V

Zi W ~pgzZ
z Yt Z (Z Ht X } >

` W VY @*

-Z {z~gzzT~: iC
q
gzZ
C1X nJ e Y w YyY7

( Y 1954 j ) 131X33 8
-g- eAZ C 1
$E

X )F,
x|kZ 7F,
Z{L~yWkZ kZ

24

s %Z Z

Z eg0

+ZxsZ tT Y bZuz ,t

zz{z Y ~gZ

7zg kZX 7
Z~$
+Z
Zt1

7zgt kZB : i kZgzZ a: i LZ 7zg

gzZ
M Z (Z !*
**
7xsZ~V iX _

X}g ZZ6,
g Z
/0
+
ig0
+Z~gz {
# VQ4Z stt
t | (,W kZ @*
Z7B hE
LG
:gzZ Z}
. ] kZ : q
- 4,
kZ X @*
g Z ]gzZ <

+
M
KZ ttkZ X }q e
$Z@ kZ W ]gzkZ
4
Zg X Lg 7!*
x t G3EZ ~ Y J
-! x0
+
igzZ
] x Z}
.ggzZ Z <{ z YV7%kZJ
-|y
KZ yZZ
a F,
zy0
+
i KZy
KZ ._ =g 1X g 0
+
i KZ

p=g f~ q
-Z { z VY7]gz}u)**
$Z@bkZ
e
lp=g f [ Z ~ % [ggz Z { { z X VZz V Zzg s! x

^x
/
usw, Z q
-Z=g f [ ZgzZ Z ~ ^
KZ
yzg Z e c*
X Le { z Y{ zZ V YkZ V

g Z ]gzgz kz,g gz Z Hg Z zZ}


. Y g Z
p q
-Z XwgZ}
.}uzgzZ H"
$U*
]gz" Z}
. q
-ZX ;g

CkZgzZ @*
t=g fyzg Z e { z VY] c*
Vz y Zxg
E

3
LGg g X { c*
ikZgzZ @*
yw2Z tLZ6,zZkZ
E
E
$

E
J
H
"
b D Ct ~ G345 hZ I- X xc [ KZ Z lgi
+
g
25

~g76,g ZzZa Zg f 6,x , Z q


-Z g @*

KZ^E
: q Y

: } 0
+
i +Z
z$
C
+g ZzZa Z ykZt'
]!*
kZa yZ ' ~g7 ! l]c*
gz~ kZ s

} F,
B ~ Zi W~g7 V6& Kg zZ 6f KZ
C
$J
ZQ @*
Y6,g ZzZa Zg f Z
# X ZZa g !*
n

Za kZ g ZzZa B kZgzZ CY g ZzZa ! n

l g ZzZa (kZ g **
Z g ZzZa X @*
Y 6,V Zz

kZ X CY Ba Y ~ ZZ CY qz^: Zq

@*
Y Za * Z ~ Vsg !*
y
KZ
z
@*
Y 4Z ~ 0
+
i
KZ q
-Z 0*
] gz Z{ 0
+
igzZ
6,
y
KZJ
-[Z gzZ Gq Z kZJ
-[Z wj Zg7{z0
+
iX
Wg!*
]%y
KZ X

y
KZ [Z @*
#

2Z V
/
uEKZ y
KZ X [ 0W ^EKZ {zY

6,kZ gzZ .
#
W!*
kZ b2Z ]Yg { J
-[Z

6,yZ y
KZgzZN YK wEZBg}g7
z kZ D

g ez wkZ J
-[Z {z T^EKZ y
KZ X [
~Z
+6,
zZkZ s g @*
gzZ ]g q ~q
-Zt c*

g @*
-[Z 'Yg { {zX Y0n~g (Z CZ kZ [Z
J

y
KZ V6,
%Z sX N YW~sLZy
KZ 6,
$E

H
H
]

X140X41xzgz 5 Zg C1

26

y
KZ V6,
%ZsXN \W g @*
KZBg}g7LZ

Za }._ % KZ y
KZ [Z E ~ w
C1 X Y4Z~* g (Z* ` Zy
KZX,

{oZg X w~g xsZ Y b Z, ZZt


@*
Ctt 1X @*
Y s! x y
KZ {z X { ZC
0
+
ixsZ
w2KZ q X @*
7J
-w2y
KZ {z 7wxsZ~^0
+
i
@*
W~ z [Z ]g @* x m{ q
-Z g ZzZa z {z CJ
X 7]gz&
+
e ~ ~0
+
zZ}
.kz i Zg ! x 0
+
i~ V/}uz X
X gx CZ 6,gxgzZ ~ ]q Y }g p[Z kZ
6,y : W',izg q
-Z g0
+Z ]q 4Z {z T e 0
+
i [ x
X q
xg CY Zz !*
]!*
t kZ Ht ,g 6,
zZ
7!*
wZxsZyZZ6,
Tt@',
-Z kZ.
q
W!*
xsZ
C1
xsZ z yZZ **
g (ZTtsZ)q
-Z xg t |X Lg
E
D
E
$
!

)
Dc6,t e
$ ]g @* Z lgi
+
n
OX - g ZS
:~1892
7!*
(aZ}
.{
!*
` W~ zg ZkZ
G-o4X
]Z kZ **
g (supreme being) dZ 0 +Z gzZ
C2
X

rg kZxq
-Zg0
+Z LZ Z
|tX f LZpg
7'!*
{zs Z%~g xg Zz 1C
Vznc*
Vz LZ g X ]c*
zg Zx {z Z%xg '!*
+Z
X c*
,Yq
-ZkZgzZ HA
$%
5]g wg C2
( Y 1946 j ) 237 xzgz HH

27

J+z<
takZgzZ x **
Zuz e
$ xg
dz~ kZX e
-I
>XE
$ c !*
gAc*
$ x ~,g VZ
e
$E

~,g VZgzZ c !*
gA e
$ ]
. ZgzZ g 1X 7R

6,]*Z/gzZ g @*
, ~ t CYW V26,{ }uz
C1X
CwEZ

Z}
.

7,q Z Zz ~g Zi" Z}
.kZgzZ,g

kZ6, Z}
.Z }wJ kZ}g Z

nq
-Z kZwZ Z yZ~}g !*

b)Y i~ g X cgz]uzq
-ZtX
C,}g
D
!
Z}
. : * kZ t -T HwEZ~"&
+
eikZgzZ _
$%, kZ @*
A
7g Z Z}
. Zg X @*
g ~g {z:gzZ
E
!
X D Y W - "!*
gzZZ}
<
.6,
g2 i kZp H

q
-Zs6,
gx xc tzz~(,K:t
xsZgzZxc
G
G
G
3

G
xcX **
-Zt S0 81X Y bq
q
-Z
Z~kZX@*
Yt

~}g !*
xsZX gYq
-Z 0
+
ixsZ bT gYq
-Z 0
+
i
}g !*
xc bZtq
-Z ] 0
+
i {z Y 79It bT

pOt( c*
0
+
iXtq
-Z s{z 79It ~

HX @*
YH~}g !*
0
+
i @*
@g~
CkZZg {zX @*
7
Z[Z

]ZyZX ]Z~
C0
+
i ~g t H]tgzZ

wZkZ ? VY {z XN Y'gzZ (0
+
i9
L o
&
-G
BG
X21 EE
gyW C1

28

yZ xsZ X H{z e **

h t [Z
M

ZX @*
Za g]0
+
i6,
gi T [Z q
-Z ]Z

@*
Wt gkZ6,gi T [Z ]ZyZxc b
X YYH7 Z}uzq
-ZVzx ikZ ZuzX,kZq
-ZX

7,
~ . kZ {z B7t
ZxcB]c*
I v
kZgzZ g @*
C
wZ Z yZh
+s%Z xcB<

DY

Qc*
]z {
!*
gzZ Z}
.X yAZ x Z<
}X [s

'V Y
/
gzZVzKX W7~V

]uZz{z]os %Z kZ

],
IgzZ I **
:
K 0z <
Z IZ
8s zZ I b y

s <
gzZ

X {)z{)z **
{

Jp
/Z wZ Zt w V a Z

-VX 7,myZ1 : ~(,{zIVZzgg


J

1X WJ6,]ZgIx gzZ Z}
.~yZ 7~kZnwZ Z
Z Z }uzgzZ g

0 x I } kZ Z g wZZ x t

X6,<
9 : DV6,x 0*
0*
Zg wZ Zt X t Vz
$ sZ YHs
E
bZX 7! Zy~,g 0 G
/ZwZZyZ
/Y K b 6,V Zz <
7Z { c*
i Z yZ G
~ Z Z
]x9<
6,<
Z L X3Z ~g Z)f ]uZz yZX CWC

yZakZX c*
g z CZ p gzZLZ V,ZXX
6,VZxyZ ]uZzyZ ~g Z)fgzZ

Z {zp q
-Z c*
W7 B

s <
u
/Z mZQX
Hc*
g { Z',
u x X
29

1X C "
$U*
Vt VE!*
kZ c*
,Z kZ K ] ZZ J

yY c* " , c*
vZz (ZX d
$
t t |

tq
-Zxg Hy6,
zZ 6X T e b d
$
Vzuz1
=q
-Z ]Z~
C0
+
i<
X
HH Z9.
W!*
]ZgI

Z}
.q
-Z ]kZ t {zgzZX x Z
/
z6,
-Z J
q
-! x 0
+
i {zX

wZ a g V
KZ Z X :
L ]uZz }g z
}g (Z~0
+
i KZVZ yZ X { ZC
Y g Z
KZ

wZ {z X

X x **
{z}uF,
7Z gzZ [x{z

0
+
i {z X @*
7 =~uz !*]ZyZ .
W!*
kZ xg

X ~2Z ~ :
L ~y W]uZzx ] t{z @*
Ci ZggzZq
-Z ! x

~ {zQgzZ H Z9~ ]gz ^{ y


KZ VM q ~ s{z
%T 7Z}
.V X N J
-w2! xkZ

]q

]{zwj ~ CZ y
KZ Y~0*
X wZ :! x
80*
kZ ._ym{q
-Z { ]Zgx zgzZ @*
Cy
KZ

{ {z Hy
KZ T { {zX ;g Y `asw2! x

{ {zgzZ wZ 90
+
iy
KZ { {z g {0
+
iy
KZ

H <
gzZ Z}
.+ tq
-Z,Z X } J
-! x ~y WkZy
KZ
? Lg !*
wZ

30

ixc
x ,xsZ b,xc 3t6,
zZ

7BVzz} (,
tt =0
+
i kZgzZ z
KZ%Z}
.X
kZ Ug ]Z Zg0
+ZkZgzZ gz Z Z1 Z {z t |1X
HH

X ' Vc*
VkZ6,xx
Hc*
~ 0
+
i ikZ Z
# X
H)7 zg @*
QkZOX 7e**
;6,w gVZkZ V
E
$
Z z =xg X
H qzp
]z@*
gzZ 'Y

kZ
H ~kZ1X ~g YkZJ
-[Z qz
z
,Z kZY 9{ c*
i IGg 7 Oz =

X Z e s$
+s$
+kZgzZ c*
h

gY q
-Z ~}g !*
0
+
i t(Z q
-Z <
~ * J
-[ Z

y
KZ Z
# g @*
xg X @*
=]Z gzZ ]uZzx

,Yq
-Z .
W!*
kZgzZ =0
+
i6,Vz
C5gg<

s Z Zt1X @*
s Z ZgK7<
y
KZ kZX HA
$%

g@*
xg X 7]?T @*
6,
CO?
gzZs

tt1X Hs Z ZZ}
.LZ6,
Cw+Zz,y
KZ Z
#

Z ~qC
~^]ZkZg c*
~^g Z { Zp

(hgVzQuP) V OX Y7tf
KZ {zL
yZ X @*
=4gzZ 9 0
+
i
KZ {z H7t wkZ LtkZ
itkZ1X ;g Z (,
~wJxcg ZkZgsZ
31

J
~!{z c*
!Zj m,
?Tai0
+
i L & )g 6,g2

Hy6,
zZ ,~ zp
/Z]w+ZikZX ;g~* ~g
E
!
H
X Tg7W - ikZ Z,~ kZ t|gzZ
?kZ1{zY H7t? V h0t1

X 1wJkZ @*
W',

ikZ 7tzz kZX ;g~* ~!ig

b) +
M
KZ iZ H m,? kZ c*
V kZ ,

, Zq
-Z w V *
z kZ tZzX @',
kZ wq]g Yg

{ z} CZz q
-ZZ VZ Z<
gkZ { 1KZ !%
7~,kZ i Zg q=xcX @*
Yg a/kZ

t 3 Zg T s { z X :
L kZ ~g Z

" KZ +
M
KZ

wZ kZ J
-} (,} (,
X ;gf~ ~ !*
W
KZ, ~ Z

g hR,
',X (,skZ yZZ6,,~ kZ : W,O
Za m} kZ~V
KZ { i Zg
) Z x
/
g **
ZgzZxc ~p Z

x
/
g **
ZgzZxcX c*
uVr(VzyZ Vz0*
z" T
C1X
i Zg Z
$ Z g
~a (Howard Fast)egz d

M%Z

kZ~yWY 1956X @*
Y ,@~V$ Kg 0*

-Z {zDs
q
# zxZZ LZ~kZX c*
} jZRg Kg 0*
:q~y*

Y1957y ( )q
-)x C1

32

wq wZgzZ ~J e ~LZ g ~

Hc*
x **
I ( p)= X V}uz

W
/
%<
}p @*
7g ZkZ~x|F,
Wz~p
/Z
&**
wH,LE
gzZ Z ~ k
,
{6, WgzZ n
/ZX 7]Zgz
X e**
s Z Z I= <
yZZ

Kg 0*
= X [Z z ~ Kg 0*
~

ae
$g/gzZ Zxc w tgzZ Y ZZ ]pZ
KZ 9
gZ'
W,
x\Kg 0*
=xzX gx

2- e
$z = bmZ w ( V~kZ X

y C02- e
$z~ yZ D7k
,
z
C1X
CY

4z]
.y
KZ t {z H7i 0
+
i ,LZ xc

~pgzZwkZ t~ q
-Z sy
KZ Z
# XZ e w$
+]qLZ

mq
-Z6,
zZkZa ^} i6,X e ~ 2Z
bZ X
8g (Z ^ { i6,ye | e {z ~ T @*
Y H~

gzZ Y sx Z4w gzZkZgzZ t~ q


-Z y
KZ
x Z=g f~ x u0*
]Zz ]Wx 6,
gxkZ

g ZzZa {z X ~p~g ZzZa q


- 4,
g ~ t X Y0*

{z b} ^!Zw$
+kZ ;g W` F
F6,!~ ZZ ]x
X Ysq4q F,
+kZX }w$
$
+y
KZ

Y1957 y ( )q
-)x 1C

33

~ \g- Zg ~} ^,q
-Z g Ti!Zt

kZ t qq
-Z Z
# X i ]qZz W7 [zZ Q

K:
L Z q mkZ {z CYt ];V6,g Cg
z

q@',
kZ qmkZ
/Z @*
Yt w yZX
gzZg !*
zg {" Z
# ~ ZZ ~,ZO Y{ Y ~

6,g g kZ N zg VZy zz J0
+Z~ ]g
L Z VZyx yZ ~ ZZ6,g ZzZa Zg f}uzgzZtu 1tV
:
3G4$~ ZZ Za yDgt 6,gx O X
x !Z V G
O
{ c*
i { c*
ikZ[_
.b~g7 g kZ x kZX e **

H[skZxc6, T)**
g {z g X c*
76,igzZ

X
H7,
xg x **
Zuz g4xcgzZ @*
Y

x Q
Z sq
-Z t wq]g ZZgt
z T~\g-

F6,g!~ ZZa x t X
F
Hg (Z ^7
-Z ^R^
kZgw+Z6,hu',LZ!Zj!~ ZZVzkZgzZ

Za g!~ ZZ x {z c*
X wt kZ6,gCga
: VY @', ]ZgsZ {z { Zpy{

bT @*

4ZgzZ D Y}xsZ zz ZC x **
xsZ1V

{" \g- bZ X CZg~}g !*


xsZp *NV70
+
i
Z s~uz X
H0*
gZ
{ t ! ~ ZZ6,gZ x : Zg Ztu
6,gq
-Zs 7g (Z ^x i}J
-Z T g!

ZgzZx } q
-ZZg ctbkZX ;gZ~VV
34

!ZgzZ x ! ~ ZZ We
$.yxgg !

z vnKkZ ? @*
x !~ ZZ X 0cx
g Zb kZ aKkZ ? x !Z gzZ x

! ~ ZZ Xg~ e
$x LZ {z } {z+

t BVZy~g KZ x Z Zq
-Zag
qkZ , k
,
]gzp{zsag!ZgzZ

0c +Z q
-Z6,g Cg~ ]qyZ Xg7Bgzgzi}g7

gzZ q x : Zg Ztu~,Zc*
{zx **
!~ ZZ [ Z

z x +F,9 Le **
x kZ c*
{z}'!*
!Z

Zg zZ 0*
gZ
~I g: Xz e
$ ! ~ ZZ X u0*
VZyx
X
Hc*
g Z

g Zb ~4
KZgzZwzgV Zz{!

P LZ <
Zzt X "
$U*
J~(,a<
Z IZ wq]gt

q
- 4,
<
Zx X ;g q !~ ZZB _ Zm{
<
ZX YYH7tkZgzZ x H6,
g !^
,Y{z
/Z!
G4 $
x -G TVq LZ {zX Z 7,**
f Js <
g 6,Z

]x<
e
$ Cc*
~(, 6,1 kZ Le **
g ac
eZ
G-G
4 $
-e {z 7gzZ ZkZ |<
8
kZakZX
4$KZ kZT
3G
X 1{aDV G

M %xc<

ZIZ

x <
gzZ b~ \g- Z Z
# W7
z kZ ]qt

Vzg Zb e
$ B; G
/
%g Z MZgzZ <
~
35

XgzZ
Hc*
}x **
<
tX ]Zyzx ;zZGX
H`~B;

C" ~zg ]Zh


+]
.b{z(J
-]saD

Hg Z MZ {z <

6,
zZ Ztq
-Z ]qyZX`"
$U*

6f6,gx<
Z IZ Zt yvZ(, kZ ZuzX ;g W` i Zg ]
7+
$Y ~g h K{zX
H Za ~kZg0
+ZyZ X 2~ gp

7 sVzg Zbb .x **
gzZ`]!*
KZ {zX +
C
$Yb
: et aV ~ yZ z!*
kZ1XK]!*

C

[% ]q :b{zX w a7 f LZ !*
<
e
n z yZ twZ1T e g Bk
,
<
BZ1

LZ $
7g akZ
/
bX H^ _yxg]**
C
Dg

L~ h [LZ X}pg0*
VZ <
] '


<
z kZ <
Z IZ yZOX b : **
<
x t X @*
7g Z Zzg
X N 3"
$U*
._]c*
h
+]
.lZylZF,
<
t#
}
.+4

X c*
qz**
VrZgzZM
hx {zBf mKZ

pV Zz<
Xc*
W77B]c*
z]c*
ZzgyZsrt

~ Zz !*
tX V:c*
g 5[ZgzZ c*
[s<
{

? k0*
bs XIW~ikZ ]xZ <

t wVq
-Z Z X c*
g Z yZ ~ l ggzZ kZ 7
* ~g y s !*
gzZ ;~ \g- BF,
gzZ b t

X
HY~

~V|OX Z6,<
\W,
ZZg { Z',
gzZ wq]gkZ
36

| E gzZ
I Z}
. xc H qz I VM`Z v

(christian socialism) K Z Z | ~: i kZ X x **
Zuz !u

~[ Z `X | q xc T z b Z mq
-Z

[ ( Todt) ^ N*~g 0*
z6,wV m K ZZ | kZ

K7]Z,Z Vz%gZ '~[kZX ~Y 1877


KZ ^N*
X **
"
$U*
._wZ ZZ] ~
C| X

: @*
qzp ZyZ[

B; q
-Z LZ ceZ Le **
igzZ 'b)Y
d K ZZ +
$Y B; }uz [ ]z ]c*
OZ s
C1
X
gw h
+]
.)
!**
t gzZ[ Z

Za q} (,} (, K ZZ |6,gm{~ yZgzZ Z


ZZg
|g !*
g!*
~ ]> KZ (Sc. Simon)W"

Z
X

Y
/~guyZX @*
g|h
+]
.xc{zX Zj
E
tZ 0Ei~ `~/~yW (Friedric De Nison Mourice)g~g 0*

yZtzsp | H{zZwZ T~Y 1872gzZ


HWz6,
/J4X3 e b
q
-Z
) )
KZ X wZ gZ wZ ~ OZ K ZZ G
-Z Y ZbZ T 7 (Z q
q
-Z {z
Hc*
K
M F,
Y
IZ #

O pw}uz q
-Z Y
IZ kZ X V 6,~ !*
',}uz
YE
5
(Kingslay) h gzZ gO X e Zz x }uz q
-Z
G
(Christian Socialist) ZZ | \WLZ v w kZ }uzgzZ + O!
Xf ]x\~Tz{z!*
New Testament C1

37

K ZZ {zaZgzZ wZ ^
,YuZz Z| IyZX

eg~yZ bZ X e **
ZZakZ |a X d
$

Y1890'
,
Z X q K ZZ | (Lord Bishop Westkott) ^ z u
kZ Dk
,
~ (Church Congress) : Y
/~gu~ m,
Z~

Q ? CY 0*
._% Z}
.q VgzZ Vz}g H HwZ
6 u**
(z aVzZg z{ c*
[Z kZ p

._ZgZ sX g% aV'{z
H
'
.
5
Y ~g ~ q +Z x ZZ h
~g 0*
F;~ y
+]
.
Kg 0*
gz'
Zi W w7gC ~Y 1907 ag ~*q
-Z (Rev. J. Campbeall)
:H bkZg ZwLZ
HHs

kZ=ygZpX V|~ akZ V Z Zq


-Z~
C1
/} c*
Z Z ` Wz Le ~: i ZZ LZ Y
6,

Z}
.|g {z X Se Kg 0*

X g]P`

?!Y ZZ} ZpX e: Zg7 7Z t J


-ZgzZ g*k',
/Z
9 Y
/z 3gzZz Vqh*kZ}u6

X ~?^i

V-g 0*
+Zi VIZ V Y
Z
/Z yZ ~ Y 1908 ~g

av . VrZ~ kZX H yZ.q


-Z~ e
$K Z Z
4G
&g Zj g @*
xkZX 00
+
i
) )|ZZ {g ZsykZ EG
V C 1
&g ZjgzZzc ZZ
yZX Dg Z
/0
+
ihZz}uz q
-Z EG4G
[]|~ i kZ @*

wq]gnkZ t X D 1.
$!*
~:WKZ {zgzZCu!*
Y Z x
X Q~0
+
i ZZ ]~g@*
sZ

38

z
7K ZZ n Z K ZZ yZ Hk
,
t 6,gs

**
u Zg f z Zz Za~ kZ gzZ VY ZZ * x m T

|~ kZ VY 7zg c*
{gK ZZ Zg X
C1
X
~wZ eyYbzg
L<Xxc Z
# VrZX W7yxgV p
kZ vx Zz W~ i Z0
+Z 4 6,b)0
+
igzZ [ 0<
h
+]
.

xsZ [8yZ h q kZ kZyZ g Y D q

Xn :Z',~Ig~hxsZ {zX Y{g *~hz F,


G
4 $
gz q
-g @*
m T Zz e
$x -G ,Z q
-Z xsZ Z: Zg ZyZ
xsZ c*
yZt 5i ZzWKZ~ i ZzW: i Ug VrZX ` ~g Z Y
0*
@*
uyW
gzZ
} (,
]|X #J ! ~ ZZ
X ZZ]x Z Z

]q G X 7 ~ it ib) 0
+
i

VsyZX Cg66, qz~x LZYZ #

D,Z

kZgzZ g Txch
+]
.1X ~ V 4c*
g +F,*xc~
Za^]xcg X Z!*
kZ {z D7
4$~ ZZgzZ g Z
3G
ZkZV CtV;zsUg6V G

Z!
m{ !ZgzZ C!~ ZZ Z~x Z6, Z
# X: {g e

X @*
YHg (Z6,
g~zb
z]gz

9Z kZgzZ|~
Cxc [
(Karldiehl) sewg Wz6,
]t C1

4E3E{.Z>z0
X182X88 !ZjX ( ) EG
+
F,
~zg ZZg { Z'
,
y!*
i`Z

39

E!
g Z

#x }uz Z
# x
D 7t W - kZ Y c*

~ Vzq Z x+Z X 7x ~zb yxg Vz

cg Vz6,
g~
C @*
Y H p kZ VzX $
Y "
$U*

$E
xcZ
# p kZX G/ g0 G
HVz Z~}g !*
0
+
igzZ H
,q
-Z@',
xsZ,kZ bT @*
x i
VzX Z!*
gxsZ iZ ,,kZ bZ
6,g 0
+
k !Z ~x LZ xsZ X YY H7(q
-Z

iK ZZg0
+ZxsZ6,XN C[Z Z yZ VX @*
g Z
X YYH7g (Z

[ZsZ)!Z

Z q ~n {z t wZ xsZ~ ]5x 0
+
i X1

uX CgVZy V V2Zg yZ=g f2Zgg Z

',
t X

$.zkZ wZ ~ wZ !~ ZZa^
e

X! CZ f kZ {z}q {z

Zpt6,g~g0
+Z W

kZ X Y7a}uz @*
x a LZB p W zz

6,g~[ZgzZ X ;g @*
Y Ht ~ Vx 6,gi|
V i xx g@* t q ~uz X

t kZ ]Z|

h!~ ZZB}g7g @*

KZX ;g Zgi!~ ZZ~


a6,Y Zg @*
X ~ h!Z .x **: ] ~
Z Z {z HzGt ~}g !*
`
KZ ZZ Vzg Zb xc

X C Z~6,gu ]g ,qx ~ kZ X `
40

X$
Y~7? ZyzkaTzGq
-Zt1

@*
D kZ=g f2Z gzZ @*
tiZi~Z!xsZ

%kZgzZ o kZ {z~ { xsZ @*


6,g^
,Y WX

sZ: gzZ X U*
Z }uz {z 7ht X o VNg Zz kZ

z kZ s~ !{zXg u e!{z ht c*

g
Z ~igz s ~ Z x Z Z
# $
Z
IZ}
. wEZ~VZgX ;gwEZkZ~VZgyZ {z c*
Hq

: y ~
V ]|wgZ}
.X c*

gzZ w z yY y}uz6,
zZyC
] u ] o ]
X x Zw]

D E ^

y~p Zsfzgq]Zg (Zc*


gsZ6,
zZ
\
W(~uz
v J
-V Vz k
B
Hc*
=
c*
~ gzZ 7 ZvZ , ]
yZ B (Z {z Z
# X N yZZ6,kZ V
yY6,yZ t OS p s~w z yY
X@*
g Z hw z

: c*

oju ^] i^] ] l ]
] ] ] ] ] ` m
] ] ^ e kq ^e ]m
^ o ] : F
D E!^ve ] ]]

c*
g c*

@*
x6,gs ]Z
g Z yZ ~
V

kZ w 7htkZ bZZ eO {z 7ht bT

x Hw kZ bZ x HyY WbTX%%

~Vg]ZyZ Z
# YYH
zkZsx ZZ s kZgzZ

g Z6,
zZTgzZ ~
y wgkZgzZvZ Y Za ]g
41

y
KZ6,
t p{zkZX
HHZz} XX^ve ] ZZ ~

$U*
tJ
-Z
# X YYH7s~w zyY
~Y ]ZXX^ve ] ZZ YH: "

X C7"
$U*
RkZ~xsZJ
-
zkZ ^
Z g ZzZaZg f L L

ikZ bZ @*
ZbT xsZ,~
Cxc X 2

iX+
M
KZX $
7R~xsZ akZ y
%K Za kZ ~pg0
+Zy
KZX Y $
+by
KZ wZt Z wZ
} y ]g B$
+: y
KZ
/Z X 7e$
+]q

} (,gzZ @*
Y0=g f wz 'gh
+'
7,~B; Vzg IZgzZ VzfZ

Vy Vzg Zh
+ dZgzZ Vzg ZaPSg aya V1 CF,
} (,
~
CwZkZ {z

_Z a b & Z b)
KZa Z X

-Z wZZZgiX $
q
bb & Z y
KZ

CY

g Z

X y ~py
KZ z y ~p~ tT [Z

=g &
+b &Z xsZ gzZ i
=g &
+b & Z xc w V

T e )J
- b & Z=g f
M F,
Vz t |X 79t1X
M F,
t xg gzZ Le **
b & Z=g f~p~gxsZ t t
X

7g & t
~ xg gzZ xsZ c*
X C b & Z y
KZ=g f ~p~

xsZ YY HybkZ~ V/}uzt


kZX
CgzZ wZ
I "
g @',kZ X z w$
+fkZ T e $
+y
KZ I

kZ g T, ~
C{z X z w$
+]q ~ kZ T e $
+y
KZ
kZ6,
Y ]qm1 HwJ*~^Z KZkZ HA
$%~

V ]~(, iKc*
g ~V/9{ c*
i c*
K m,
?kZ
42

!h
+ a` kZ 2~V-g ZX`
z kZX HW,
O

6,gx [Zy
KZX iZ ,D
+c^
,
gzZ ~/~ OZ k
G
4 $
Wt
b)+
M
KZ=g fVZzgg gzZ ~p~x -G
Z ` < zZ Y Z ~g Z **
Z X

h i
M

Z Z ZZ { ZZ (ZVg tZ }

~ t s{ Zg ! x kZgzZ ` V}g +
M
KZ nX

T,{z X N Y ~Vp~kZ~V/}uz c*
0
+
i
it 1 g Y "
$U*
R!Z ~ xsZ W,
O

kZ~]xkZ:gzZ @*
t,kZ :xsZX @*
ZxsZ6,g~
C
+
M
KZ x !Y .x **
Zx ~!~ ZZ R

Z}
.{z t
C c*
Wy

KZ q
- 4,
xsZ X Y 6,
zZ
m ]!*
kZ **
c*
Cy

KZ q
- 4,
xc Z
# X @*
g e 7 Z}
.c*
@*
g e

^] t|X ;gg Z *0
+
ig0
+Z2Z n{z
rg
$xc0 G
$ xsZ~}g !*
E
E
gzZ 46,Z}
.bT @*
ZbZ0 G

bZ 7=90
+
i e
$ ]
. bTX }uzq
-Z 46,{

X 7eVzyZX
rg7mxsZ t!Z
G
4 $
4
7G5G ZV 7* +Z {z g {g~*T X 3
x * t wqg **
uaY ZZ x kZ gzZ

~p~ * 7* 5X ;gW`F
F6,!~ ZZ V-

@*
t wZt wZ !Z~q +ZX
3G4${VaYZ bkZ
YYHqs %yZV G
43

t{ c*
iwZsZ)c*
sZ!Z t|?7c*

CY 0*
i ZkZ~<sZ 9 7t sX
rg

Y H**
~ ~ !*
W
/ZYZ kZ 9 t ~gz{ c*
i kZ 7c*

X 7c*
YYH**
Z{gg0
+ZzuK<

@*
x D_ ! xsZ Z
# wkZ

K t] a ZZ
+Y xsZ
gH_ Zzzual E
L ixsZX YYH7~g YYZ !
Z ~ ~ !*
W%K yZ

zg y sZ c*
{z @*
q ZZ
+YgzZz Tg0*
_ ZzzuyZ

kZ ?, h!kZ6,\WQX !^
,Yq
-Z

YY c*
g Z

$O h\W=g fT yy{z ? H
+
C a
Z a kZ ;g ^6,wZ ! ~ ZZ g !*
zg Zg J
-[ Z ~ *a ?
3G4$~ ZZa x !
Z% kZ X } 7,**
tV G

g Z Y Hg (Z ~zg T UY b c*

x t X YY H7x !
3G4$ ZZ
y
Ki +Z~ y xsZ HQX ~gz **
V G
4$ ZZa^Z $
3G
t|Xg Z

,Y**
^
tV G
Y
s~ VZgz {qgzZ V H jqzX 7(Z

q6,g^
,Y sq
-Z <} ]c*
Z@-e
$.~kZ ?Y H
4$ ZZ t s~uzgzZ C& V G
3G
3G4$~ ZZ
~V G
~ ]xxsZX i W 4 VU gzZ J
-u#

! ZZ $
Y 77~G@*
%Z kZn~],
wzZgzZ
G
4 $
4
]o kZ:gzZ X ~ u6,kZ c*

G5G V YY c*
44

~kZ X **
x OZ yZ sc*
g

Y
$
Pa kZ

CZ 4',
i OY AZ< yZgzZ gz$e
$.{z I~ P

X W',
YA

Zzt X 6,wZ!~ ZZJ e Zg7 x xsZ X 4

Z~kZX x !~ ZZBmKZx xsZ


SwZ !
X D Za ',
i kZ Y Hg (Z ~zg T UY b c*
4$CZ f V ! <g
3G
yZg !Z7ZV G
V@KZ kZ c*
xggi
/Z ]!*
S ? H

kZ ,qt6, y W g ZzZa W}uzgzZ k0*


c*
H: {g

!ZkZw ! ~ ZZg ZzZa Zg f ?N Y

? H
CCc*
kZg

}uzgzZ g g ZzZa kZg!Z t |

w (David Recardo) zeg kg e-e]c*


OZC
m,
ZX H z V\

s~ ~g kZ C p g ZlkZ 7y Cg
t Z
+
Zi THtg
"g wkZzeg kg X

X C Za 7zg~Y Z=g f._tkZg X @*


Y
~ V/}uzXce **
z s7{q q a kZ

%CZ f VX CZa t Z !q~ h W q{z


kZXce
8T 7 kZ {z Y0 q W

ZZ
+YgzZ zq
- 4,
kZ &^
,YCZ f sxc t

CY q6,g: {z VY 7W^
,Y W q=g f
45

6,X,q {z , ZZ
+Y

w xc6, kZ X ~z :

X w ^{z ~V CY Za z x Vzuz

Tg D\E
Vzuzg " v=g fX g ,Zt
~ ] g Z Z { ZZw ZZVz ZZ
+YakZX

H x wZ @*
6,3 Zg 9x z ZzZa {z @*
e b }

@*
Y KZa!
=g f c*
ZZ
+Y Z
# ._, c*
XnY
E!
E!
D
tsW -kZ !kZ D7t W -kZ
X ;g\E
6,
g^
,Y**
Vzuz {z=g fT q{z W
4$ ZZa^ZTt{z
3G
q?~h8
V G

X@*
ZZgZ',
!xsZtYHwJ
/ZykZpXC
E
!
p{z6,T7^
,Y 6, ZZ
+Y +Z Q t W -kZ X 1

xsZ bkZX@*
wEZVzuz @*
:qg ZzZa x

X g Z

ZZ
+Y W%{z VY @*
YV
$Zgz Zg7
E!
CZ f ~]gkZ VY b6,
Jc*
y}i t W - kZ X 2

X @*
Yq
-~g ZzZa Eq
-Z W%
E!
VY **
VZ6,tZVzq ~uzgzZ ~g Zyk t W -kZ X 3

CZ f kZ ~ kZ @*
qz a LZ {)z ~gZ c*
yk kZ
~kZ}Bzg6,
wZ"
$g p

X @*
74
E!
t W -kZ X 4

._tkZX Vz : q
-Z sV VY **
q
-
E
WVz ZZ
+Yt E
5$ Z kZ~VzqY 6,
Cq
-Z y > 2i
46

t t nX6,Vg i Z0
+Z : CZf s : @*
6,

Za t Z !6,Wq @*
kZgzZ !xsZt @*
C
3G4$ kZttkZ
/ZX @*
ZJ e}g72Z
tV G
q
xsZ t X ;xsZp YHw+Z6,

-Z gsZ p g Z Z ~ wqX buF,


q
t xsZp6,x **
gi ~ [ kZ 'X x sZ gzZ }i 0J5k! x **
T [
~g g!}i tm,
?yZX 7,m,
?ab & Z
:

{zX Yv

{Z
+ W,Z Z}i
M Z ~
C b &Zgi ~g t

~g X @*
x 6,}i A kZ ~`}i c*
X @*
7p{z6,T
Y ZZ b & Z V t X x t b & Z gi

X Z
/
J e }g7xsZ wZ (Zq
-Z {zC

6,Y X [ Z Vc*
Pt
4G
5G4$Va Zgg ZzZaZ
SG
xsZX N YtUY bc*
7R kZ~xsZ

Dg ZwJikZJ e kZgzZ bzg kZ ,


G
4 $
4
wZ x !Z V;z V$
Y: tG5G V C
gzZ
X YYH7 Z}uzq
-Z q xzFzxi !*
VztX @*
7Za

xsZgzZ "
$U*
._xcxsZ B{ ^
,YbyZ[ Z

X g Y7aW',
t!Y .x **
]x

47

I
H
]

bV 4h

1C
~ P a"
$U*
6,isZ i !Z
E
!
nkZX **

z VzuzgzZ CZ **
W6,y Z
W - "gkZ { z
x [ m,z6,Z x ~Oa [ ~ wq ~ a _ b

K Z Zp
/Z r
# m,z6,X CY "g { s q
M 1g

x4,
gzZ x Z _
. ~g Ztu VrZ X 7 q g ZzZa Z 6,x **

+Z q
- 4,
y Z b Z K Z Z sZ X x u
C2
~K Z ZgzZ~kZ D{ z= x xsZp1X e
$C

**
yK Z Z { q
-Z nZ { W
yZ X Lg 7!*
t
6,qLZ i Z w Z VY 6,gm{[ kZ ~X Se

Zg7 CZ r
# m,z6,~ [ kZ 7~ kZ X [ q
-Z { z
yZ
/Z [ t r
# m,
z6, 6,
kZ~ 1X c*
s zi

w+Z imkZ yZ Zg 7 g Z qLZ g


y W

~ [ kZ X

g D
7 { z ~ b)}uz g

# q
r
-Z 6
Hc*
]o]g 'nZ !*
~ y VW

:
HJ 7,
t/Zt

~Vy}% !*
gp

4$
4G
5G
!Y c*
yZ ZZ 1C
!Z tx OZ yZ=g f#
G
: e I ! kZ X d
$
kZgzZ y q
-Z x **
t tkZ1X @*
Y
X ! ` }g
X28X19
M 1g C2

48

!*
g ~
^kZ x ~&
W} c*
CtkZ VrZ
E!
q
- 4,
y Z
xg Z~&
Z%pgzZ { !*
zg g W - ~&

!Zg0
+Z xsZ X Y Y c*
7[Z w+Z nkZ C
X
@*
X nZ i Z0
+Z yZ

P v}uz a "
$U*

}g !*
yZ V $
xizg P ~kZ]+Z

X,W~

sV Zzpg f }uzgzZ r
# m,
z6, Pt

6,
]Zgzg Z ~
CxsZ]g qT{zq
-Z : n&{z CY7
E
E

i
P n~gzZ ~
.Z<0 xsZ P {z ~uzX
E+G
Wg ZzK
M F,
6,V nVyZ X CY q],
xsZ L g @* {z
X,

w+Z

i @*
Y X k kZ @*
Y Hw+Z ]ZgZ xsZ

~
CkZ ~}g !*
0
+
iZg {z @*
g (Ztzg xsZ ~%0
+
i
gzZ x kZgzZ ]~g x sZX @*
@ ]Zg
6,g}xgzZ Cg,~
CkZ~}g !*
y
KZgzZ ]]Zg

sZ)c*
sZy makZX H7*yW
}Z

_{z,~
CxsZ e 9 ta0

:, kZ Y H_ xsZg Z kZ ]Z|yZ X 7c*

rg
X(Z @*
WtkZ @*
x7s !Z ts
49

: sf E
L i8 Y bm{z,kZ
VX ZgzZ H Za vZ {z ~y Wz}iX 1
s Z}
.Zg {z

u5Z z wZZ k0*


y
KZ 7o y
KZ Z q
G

**
kZy
KZ$ Z kZX bas O $g 6,g$ Z

X 7c*
C
@*
]~yZ ._% Z}
.{z
8yJZ ]!*
kZ 7
X EZ : g y
KZ6,
$ Z kZ b$ Z

Z Z y
KZ Zq
- 4,
Z}
.Xg x W]uz q~uz X 2

]Z gzZwZ] Xzb #X }uzq


-Z 7
: Zpz > ZgzZ yzz ]pZg ~yxgyZa kZX V7

kZ Y Z
KZ xsZ y !~%
/Z X q Z 4,
gzZ
G
z
X Yc*
! CZ fapg !*

KZg O{$
klgzZ u5Z a
KZ ZZ ]ZgyZ xsZ
4G
4G
5G4$y
5G4$~g t VY YH:tz
y
KZtX G
KZ : Z}
.G
h X 7hCZf6,yZ y
KZ akZX ~ $ Zg s Z
4G
5G4$t Z a T ozB _ Z{z
X G

bTkZu5Z KZ bkZ g (Z n: Z Z hs
/Z
G
}uzgzZ ] O$: gzZpgu5Zzw t :Z wZ kZX H kZ
X @*
Z
+wV76,
t x

V
KZ Z}
. @*
gsZ x W uzgzZ t !

V
KZx yZ N Y{g:0_Zq
-Z c*
ZZP{z ?
kZ VgzZ Y Z X]gzZ

yZ0
+{ q
-Z x W X A n
50

ZZyZ0
+{q
-Z~ { .Z yZ
Hc*
~ sAyZ0
+{}g7

Z C u,q x g0
+ZyZ0
+{q
-Z bTX e **
g (Z b
Y HtuZZ Vzqax W}g
KZgxsZ b

xz kZV}uz x{z6,Vzq Y c*
: t gzZ
!q
L}G
-ZV
KZ @*
7ZgZ+Z u5Z z w yW

a Z X}

X}xzZg fk
,
/**

0
+
i

: Cc*
a"
$U*
!Z ~ xsZ

b yZt
qg0
+Z]yK
Z tY b? kZX K G
5O;X&6,g
z+Z !X
rg7w: y
KZg0
+Z] 9tX 7

wt y
KZ t wZ1X kl gzZ $
Y 7

sGwy
KZ~ Z}
.?~Vzc*
~ Z}
.? ~
!gzZg Z,{zG~y
KZ1X g Z, : g Z)fgzZ O!
~}uzy
KZ q
-Z p vZX
rgzkl
Z}
.t tX YYH7 %Z yf ZX c*
ZIx HyZgzZ b t
LZ 7q ht y
KZ Y :Zz 7Z ~ hLZ z gzZ b
G
4 $
4
c*
Y*6,yZp c*
QgzZ G5G ^
,YyZ V6,, p
X}!ZjV}uz

Z}
.6,}i Z}
.{z T
$**
Z}
.c*
g sZ @*
Y t ~kZ

q]Zg (Z S6,u5Zx Z}
. kZ6,Y kZX ^
D

q t zkZ zz T
$**
~ V/}uz

X hZg7Z~t ZZc*
gsZ6,
Y wmkZX
51

g (Zt #
sZ bZ Y chb LZ bT
G4$
Y A]Zg (ZyZX} t -G
bZ}
.]gz
/Z q

Y 1x z yZZ gzZ N YwEZanZZ u5Zt t

X}W

1X g CY 7~ e
$e kZ ? Z6,zt
6,}i

t yZ

y Z}
.X $
7gzZ ?gz$ { c*
i kZ t |
]c*
pLZ 7t x kZ Cc*
g sZ

kZ {z tx kZ@',
kZX bVzLZ \vZp } c

Z}
.6,}i Z}
.{zX 7c* gVtbZ}
. } Z]!*
sZ#
#
X Zz kZ : C Zz **
y
E
!
q]Zg (ZkZgzZ x Z}
.6,
}i{z 7t W -

gzZ ~0*
2ZZ}
.6,
}i C$J]!*
kZ {z } e

V
KZgzZ}izzuKgHZ}
.c*
gsZ X Y7Z h yZ

LZ {z

b V
KZ=g f <KZ Z}
. tt {z

+ZX
#

ZwJ~Z Z}
. ZZkZgzZ )VZzgg

~g kZ X !*
Z}
.7T
$**
Z}
.#
+Z X Cx s z

X 7
/
T
C
$**
Z}
.T
$**
6gzZ

t~g Z}
. t Ttx W]uzY b Zuz ? kZ

Z @*
u bTg0
+ZyZ0
+{gzZ B
bg wyZ0
+{} (,q
-Z

X e**
uyxgq
-ZC
zZ(,
yZ c*
~+
M
KZ ~g7b

wVkZ
HH~
.Z kZ1 9!*
6,
(KZ ]!*
x Wuz
52

:7,
$WtyW
e

+Z!*
} h }g v~?a}g vZ}
.!
KZ} Z ^q] ] ]
X zqyjyZ ? @* KZa( .
) (21: ]) !^n] ] j
x 'gx X
HHy wZ ~ u ~ kZ }tkZgzZ
kZ Y Hg (Zi w+Z
/Z Xa Vgx %x gzZa Vz%

X $
Y"
$U*
]!*
* b
C

yzzgZgzZ > Zg,mb!*


y
KZ gztx Wuz

c*
WVtkZ1X6,
q Z 4,
gzZBp : e**
F
F6,
} ~ !uu5Z z wZZ : Z Z V6,]
3G4$yxgyZ t + yZ0
uZZ V G
+{ Z (,q
-Zx W
/ZX N Y

ZX CV6,VZ0
+{ Lg yZ0
+{} (,kZ ]!*
t e **

=kZ x W]uzQX KgH{ Z Z <a ZZ

yZ0
+{} (, bTX s y
KZgkZ V
$Zgz xsZ Zt
-WV G
4$\W~ h
3G
79wZt ~ yZ0
+{ Lg bZ B79CG
-ZC
Y
kZx **
q
-ZC
oyZgzZu5Zx yZ0
+{gzZz Z Z q

]Z|tA y
KZxsZv!*
fc*
X Yc*
gz
{ c*
gZ a{kZX e:kZ \vZ Z g

X
HwkZ p
zDZ
zt yZ0
+{]uzZZ

c*
ZZP{z ? V
KZ Z}
. t
/Zx W]uz

XA nV
KZ x yZ N Y {g:0_Zq
-Z
G
4$ ZZ6,Y Z ~V/}uz
aVz x kZ ? Z}
. : -G

x { iX!Z ._,kZ t x W]uz


/ZX Vx
53

ZX Lg~B; q
-Z ng (Z s~x OZ kZ VYX
E!
u5Z ._%KZ e X qx ]i YZ 7t W - !

0u5ZVZx~ T !|g !ZX}s~


G4$
s~ V ) kZ ZZ
+Y ~ x -G
bTX @*
Y
s~VZx)yZx~x Z bZ @*
g(ZS
p ,: {z ,qVzuz , {zX @*
Yqg (Z S

uIuzg" vx Vz Z}
. t x W uz
/Z X Y 7

# TX N Y ~ hg?!*
Z
,q x t ^9kZ { .Z
: !c*
Xn qkZ b 0*
gzZ Z {z ]gzq TV gzZ
qC
g YC
V Y c*
~g Y y k~ 0
+
i
KZ !
G-G
$
yt x W uz X @*
7g(Z OZ c*
4 6,q X Y{ .Z
-Z t kZ C7G@*
q
!kZh x !

:gzZt )gzZ :Xqx i YZ~T e**


x (Z
{
KZ HX g **
Z g Z',DTx {z c*
Xg !*
& xgzZ q

"
$U*
Rxc~xsZ ? kZ HgzZ e**
x bkZ~
X,G@*
kZ]Z|Zz

]c*
gzCZ f u 7t Zg @*
Y t V

Z Z { 6Y c*
+~ !uVzqg~ !~ ZZ ,q
h

]uzX c*
WVY ]Z Vzq t twZ1X @*
Yc*
0*
w!*
~V

7
$
^yz ._kZ g C\ Wg x W
G
,V uZZg O{$ kZ \W6,g ZlTu5Z z wZZX u
54

wZZ x W ]uz
/Z %Z X Zz ~t \Wg Z

6,x Z Z 6 Y 1uZ Z
KZgzZ Cc*
Y 1: uZ Z
B LZV
KZ Z

hg0
M
+Z{],
ZC
X @*
7Zz

{z e#
gzZ e W: "
$ ZgzZ e g w Vzuz

x ZZ (Z {z
/c*
X N 0*
: wnkZ ZZ } Z]!*
kZ
X YHg66,
Y:Zzg0
+ZuKZuzg Ug kZA Z@*

w+Z Zuz

E
n X {z X < 0Ei
C~uz w+Z ]Z|yZ

X ~]c*
Z@ aVZ0
+
igzZ Kzx Z LZxsZ

6,Vz ]c*
Z@ z x ZxsZ CY 7t ]!*
-Z ~kZ
q

n
<

~yZ

D Wx Z {z ~ {],
Z y X t Z}uzgzZ y q
-Z :
~g Z

7xi

]c*
Z@ {z Z% tZgzZ bg Z

VY DxZC
p
/Zx ZnVztX
HH rZ6,
Sz(F,
[{z

V7 VzwkZ1
Hc*
g Z

7xi

zz X r
KZpgzZ h
+I vZ6,1gzZ

V~g (ZgzZ 7EZB]]KZtxi )gzZxi

xsZX $
Y spB
Bg Z` gzZ ]q: i ,uu

x ZwqXgZZZ m]c*
Z@ZkZ b]c*
Z@

yZX DhZz ]Z k
C
,
/**

{}g7 yZ VYX e **
0*

0*
]z ZZ ~gzW O yZ ~
7~gz
C
HH7a kZ xi6,

C
55

W,
O,Z < , uF,
]c*
Z@ yZ ZZ }g
/Z pX Y
~gz~ ]gx a ZX M
hY G 7i Z0
+Z~ wq

X YH**
; ]c*
Z@yZ @*
Y

H7Bgzgzi} (,w+Zt~ h ! E
L ]a^Z

{Ty WX xsZ:gzZ =: m kZ t |1X @*


Y
gkZ6,yZ 46, gzZ N YwZ
LZ {z Ywqt ZZ }g
{z ~ {,Z X , qz **
w 0*
t Vzuza}Z
+ LZ YW

$.{z nYx~yZ kZz9yZ c*


e
Zg f}g XN WVv

a x Z uX g D h VzuzB ~g Z0
+ZZ

gzZg ZzZa C]gzVzg IZVVzg ZD


yZfZgzZY Zgiz
TQX g D t yZ J
- x gzZ `g e iZ%Z

# ? Y % H ` t GV;z Y ~g x ~ {
Z
kZ ;g}: x Z ZLZ w gzZ [
-Z q
q
-Z {
YEI
54]ZggzZ k
,
iz {z $
Y yZt ZZ {
x kZ 0 5Z E
Xn }: x Z wg ZigzZ` @*
{zT'x Zi

ZVzg (ZgzZ !~^~uzgzZ C!sk0*


W ~ ^
a {Z : we~g Z)f wq
-Z v{TQX @*
Y
w$
+!*
{z
W VQz $
Y byZt ZZ

{TX'x ZB! |Z lpe


$.V-g Z)f KZgzZN Y

gzZyZ bg (Z { c*
i ]qx ZZ{,Z_ q Zx
E
!
i^R^
sh { c*
i]qD
+
tX W - ZZ{ c*
56

X s b & ZgzZg J : CY

1X T e **
"
$U*
~< Z}
.] Z|tTD
+
: ZqZ { z

c*
zg ] c*
Z@F,
: 4Vhqg ] c*
Z@X t w Zs kZ
+
&
enkZ \ Wb n!*
gzZ ,}zg y 7Z hH\ W

kZ
YY c*
zg xz Z ~ ] q u m B
4G
5G4$ ZZ Z"
Z Z hVz7, xsZX $
Y
P G
$U*
V t

gz Z VB g s ~ V Zgz Z V' c*
gzi 6,

X , q gzZ bkZ X c*
C x [ Z N} (, ~ V Z
6,yZgz Z (F,
sy Z VhZ%Z X c*
g Z

7xi xsZ

t G ~ ] c*
Z@ tX ~ ~ p0*
x Z Z (,a Zz
yZ X Bq t Z [ Z N ZZ Zz 6,yZ

7a kZ

Dib){ =g fkZ t Z e
$.~uzg0
+Z

7q um < n
X @*
{Z
+{ }g7 wgz Z
t w Z ce **
Yc*
zg y ] c*
Z@Z yZ , t\ W6,W

w +Z\ WqgzZ c*
] c*
Z@Z 4Z, zg y q\ W
w qlp~ ] qm Yt { c*
i { c*
i kZ Y 1y 9
/Z

L6,z ZyZ c*
g c*
, V` Z{ z YYHg6akZ ZZ
~ qC
Xn Y c*
J
- ZZq]gz}uzT $
q Sg +Z

t Z ~g (Z ~ ] qx \vZT YY c*
zg y q Z s
, g Z
.

x` (Z ~igz s ] c*
Z@ Z

h t \ WX c*
M
zg

Zz : 6,T $
Y Zzgg rZs T:7 !
~i Z0
+Z
57

] !*
ty W kZ1 M
ht \ WXYY c*
: `6,kZ c*
YY 5

/ZX zx OZ kZgzZ Zg fz Za V

ht \ W~ ]g+Z }: { z N Y` \ Wgz Z !*
Bzg \ W)f

q ht\ W H1X , W',


Bzg CZZgzZ:7
X BZ eO WkZ

x Z F,xsZX Y ZzgzZ &5w+Z wVq


-Z

: }X Vx 0
+
i
KZ 7 0
+
i sm yZ

ZZ x kZ~ {
/ZQX ~x Z F,
} izggzZ ,i
:gz e **
6,]Z kC]gz kZ gzZ , uF,
]Z

^q
-ZX }x ZnHc*
gsZ~q+ZX Y
/g t ZgzZ

6,kZ ZZ ,Q D ZkZ }gH,ZgzZ ZV{z t


{z Y1g uehkZ ZZ t^~uzgzZ7c* g

Y HZuz t y!*
{gX M
h]Z

Z &
+ ZZX Y~~g Z {gYZ c*
g6,
kZ}g Z

!Y ]Z
gzZ Z5Z Z yZ=g f x Z Y #
: ]i YZ 5Z Z ]Z p
YEEI
X}yxgV YZ 54]Zg[Z NkZQ
a ZZ

wqZ {ztn
X CY~? tn
~kZ

,x ZZv
/ZX n
{za
) )~g71X n
pg Z
) ,Z E

/ZpX Y ~g Z)fu V
L 8 }: x Z

z!*
kZ
/ZgzZ gg (Zwn
-Z ~g Z)f Zta ZZ
q
oa~gzW OkZgzZ CW~wc*
g }: Zg7 kZ
58

gZ ~E {zBgZ ~ ztn
kZX C] ZZ
At c*
g
/ZakZX ~gzax 0
+
i

ZZ hkZ g 7}g7 tn0 0


+
i
3G4$
X}x OZokZ ._ ZgzZ6,
V G
` ~ e c t ZgzZ y 6,
zZ z [ Z ? kZ

P~XN WZ, Zg !*
g !*
~ kZ Ywqt { T t w ZX

CZ f q
-Z LZ ZZ y ZgzZ @*
Y0x { }g7 h
ez ZZ
} (,Zn V:, Z ZZPV ;z1X M[ Z N { }g ~
{ } , Z X V} 9JZ a kZ B t LZ x

y Z $
Y t x a { , ZgzZ #
{
{ zQX, x Z nCZB! |Z lp{ z Yc*
} `g e ~B;
/ZZk

,
/**
9t X H 6,zZ @*
Za V wZ Zuz

kZ1X
@*
Y ~gz **
q=g fy 7Z : q=g ft Z

Z Ztn
/Z t w ZX YY Hw+Z~ h!Zy W

gz Z ~wkZ } 7,**
wa5Z Z kZ#
gzZ; g:

kZ @*
Z
+tn6,{ T } { z X }] Z Z H{ z
TZx { z yZr!*
gz Z , Z ZkZ { z }c_ ZZ ZZ E
L 8
u Yt sx kZ ~ ] q, Z X c*
7x Z VrZ !*

mkZ 7~ h
6,gm , Z\vZa9z

X }g67Za zkZ y =g &


+gzZ} }g Z

a ZZ c*

yZ V { z Y c*
g h0)gzZ * !*
t Z kZ
59

4$
4G
5G
y t HX } q zx OZ Zg pgzZ G
X W',
q
-Zy ZV { Zp] l

X Vz Zz=g f w V&5kZ ~ V

s~ y Z X ~(, zy Z t
w qZ ~ b Z }sZ
vZ

q }: x Z}uz 7x Zn

gz Z szH!*
%Z \z { i **
qD<
M F,
z h
EJ
E
;g: Z Z ~ yZ c*
tL $Z
x t ~ {
/Z [ ZX {)z 5.Z 4

V y ! Y ~ ]g n!
5Z Z x
E
!
7t x #
V; z Y Z
yZ {
t W - kZ X e
Z Z ZLZ { z }g67Z ] =g &
+c*
}{ W6, yZ V
hn!
5Z Z6,g CZ f V }t #
@',
kZX '

t xsZ HX } qzx Z 5Z Z y Z p6,: e Y gzZ

E
.
5

-Z Z 4gz Z szH!*
q
%Z :}X g a+ kZyKZ +

t x #
sZ H , hg **
Z ZkZ v~: i
/Z [ ZXtn
G
E
"

5
3
E
G
& F,
0g Z {g YZ kZgzZ t h !*
LG
gzZ h L { ZZ x
g67Z ZV c*
g t s ` w q]gkZ C
X Y
gZ

!ZkZgzZZ L8 V t: 3T9CZ { z }
X Y0 kZp}

]Z|t Q7? Zg Z', yW

#
Z
E
!
` ZZ ]i YZ ]!*
kZ {z
t!
7t W - kZ1 @*

~ ZZ G xsZ

B t {z X ~', k { kZ xsZ X V 2~ V
/
u
60

Vw+Z ZZ{ Z y kZX Le **


D Z

.kZ X} 7,
8x : VYgzZ](akZ { Zp Y3gi !*

{z
/ZX Y 7:ZzkZ {z ~ ]i YZ !~ ZZ
/Z xsZ g: ~
4G
5G4$G gwEZ ~ V
4$KZ ZZ A
3G
yZ G
/
u ` V G

X }x OZyZ~x Z LZ#
gzZ N Y

wEZkZ {z $
Y~7~ Zi WZ~[!*
!
9t
4$KZ
3G
V G
/Z ZZX=g f J
-hz wZziZgzZ} Y~ `

2~V
/
u ` gzZ 'izzugH<~wEZ
6,
Y:Zzg0
+ZuKZyZgzZzgkZ7Z hZg7c*
gsZ N Y
3G4$q6,g^
6,V G
#
,Y ZZ Z"
$U*
Vt kZ1X}g6

V
/
u ` !~ ZZ6,qh
+q
- 4,
]Z|yZX $

XCC yV ZZX CW~p

wEZ kZgzZ Zg f V X
H1x iZg ~ w+Z kZ

wZh
e ~ Zi WwEZ Zg f bkZgzZ
Hc*
i Z0
+Zt

Ky
KZbzz[Z \vZX
HHw+Z6,
e Zg fp
h
c*
g sZ X ~ gzZ YY HwEZ ~ 9yZ

~ 9Vz ~ \vZV Y Z
]+Z q
-Z t
~ wZ
M ~ ZZVzyZ p : }g66,wEZ
t x kZ1 @*
7,**
6,
zZVc*
g sZ

D WZ,Z GX}

~ Z}
. Cg6 W{z%ZX}Q3X U*
Z^
,YyZV{z 7

7,y
KZ q
-Z Z}
.Z 6,gwVX}wEZ~9Vz
61

} qz o ^gzZ|0
+!*
6,ukZ Z
/Z [Z X
Hc*
n

=g fkZgzZ}wEZ 9kZ YHg6kZ%Z Y17ZkZ


bzz Zg fpO~0*
6,wEZbzz Zg fX y$
+LZ
X ~',
wgkZgzZvZTg ZzZa{
8
Xg{z
HHw+Z V6,! 0J5k! q Z xsZ

c*
C=g f x 0
+
iu5ZzwZZ \vZX M
h=g fwVq
-ZkZ
Z
y
KZ ~ VzyZ \vZ ~ bZ X ( 5X Y Z )

: Z Z t V- v~ { < n
[Z X ~ Z Z 0
+
i
,wEZ~V- KZv YZa { kZzzc*
,

gZ

!Y V-x gzZ N Y Vc*


yZ V tkZ
1x z yZZ gzZ N Y wEZanZZ 'g @*
Y c*
}

~wqH ? $
x ZZ (Zc*
gsZ HX}W Y
E
!
W
X Yc*
}g Z

!Y Vg M
h W -tDZ
F,
8 #
Z ~ ] qh
+]
. CY ~t ? ~y W~kZ
3G4$ X ~}g Z
~ZV G
~gz^ bm{q
-Z u

ewDxsZ~}g !*
F,
z b # `

@*

H~gz
8

wy Z H7f s < t [ Z ZXn

gz ZvZ zi w G gz Z X bj~
Ca
s6,gD

7jwDj}uz X c*
C wg kZ

c*
ZIx H \vZ ZZ
+Y z w 6,
g^
,Y y
KZ X

j h

<p $
Zg0
+Zy Z ~ Vg]Z my Z s c*
gX
62

gz Z u5Z y
KZ 7h{ zV gz my ZX ~
Z a ^Z ~ zkZ <X }s~ ZZ
+Y kZ
b xsZa **
wZ pq
-Z
/Z [ Z X 7i

Z}
.gzZ ; g}zg <kz z
KZ { z6,gD @*
Z~t

Xg Z)f s~+

nY $
+x ZkZ}!Zj : iq RkZ~xsZ
/Z

F,
6,gm{: i sz^: i { Yc_t q
-ZQ
F,
b~g7 V6&
KZ KZ Z ~(,]!*
kZ~hz

B V e],
ggzZ h1 s[ Z i Pz E
@a kZ X , ~ w

~ V CF,
rg b~g7 {z Y c*
Zi W ZZgzZ Y c*
m
H c=g fkZ<~g7 +Z ?t H i q
-Z X Z Zz CZ

X YY

6,
zZ xsZ Zg **
"
$U*
]gz!Z}!Zj VF,
8

y{ **
yZ ]!*
kZ~V/}uztX **
Z
+xZZ Z (,
q
-Z

xsZ~ * ]i Z ~gza kZX Y7ixsZb){

<EZq
-Z \vZ w]Z|yZ c*
X Y1g (ZxsZ)O

+Z ~ <KZ {z a kZ : x]q ~, kZv!*


f1~

X g ~g ~]qCc*
F,
{ e:]c*
Z@

yW

t 7X VWyW

t wqg
/Z

xsZ HX b x yW

gZ K Z Z c
X,]P`s ZZ kZvZz

63

w+Z Z

<xsZ!Z=g fXw+Z kZ BVVc*


Pt
E
kZ VZ *Oh!<Z
# X CY W', < 0EigzZ

~hkZ]uZzg @*
sZ]Z|tQ7? ~hb
ZZ
+Y kZ

Dg ~yxsZkZ v D ?
J
~13 N*
',
s Wc*
b $
KZX H7t *wZ h
e ~!

$Y#
+
t~kZ! 6,
yZh
e~!Y }i

Wz6,
Z
-ZkZX H7`q
q
-Zjh
eh
+yZg W

gZ

/Zz**
g !kZ r
# q
-ZOX Hc*
g ui ZkZ kZz y1

7xsZwVh
+y}is#
c*

,
k
gzZ c*

C1
c*
3 Z]uZz {ZggzZ ]tz VrZ X
GL!
z kZtgzZ 1h

+y7Z U V yZ} 7V i sZ
+n21X7Za Z +Z
h
gzZ *` Z
# Z

Y 7 h
+y}i s#
wZZ V w
4$ ZZ x **
3G
BVkZ X ~g Zh
+y
/ZX h
e:ZzV G

qzZxsZ~ekZX $
~g @*
V+F,
* xsZ

X 7zzzZ

@*
C
X BV+Z~g @*
sZ 7g ZkZ

!Z ]uZz yZ1X
H1q yZ U! ZZ
X308 mwzZbxsZ+ Z-Z e C 1

64

QwV8
!~ g @*
sZ 7t wZZX 7mb

kZ U!a~g @*
sZ H twZ 7c*

0)!*
XZ BVx t Z
# wkZ
H1:Zz
3G4$~ ZZax !Z @*
V G
7"
$U*
t
/
yZ X CW
C

: 7gzZ ZkZwVyZ t|X $


Y ;

Z h _y Z hzg }
M Z }
3G4$ gz {Zg gzZ~
K 7 ]uZz 8
V G
V g8W

yZbDZ s ZZgzZ }X 0)ZZ{z D Y


Z {zqX CY ~ wV z4 " V i

~zxsZ {zX ~$
+gzZ ~g Zzz kZ
P7 n
{6,
gVz@K#
sZgzZD/i xs xsZ{g

c*
z7Z ._ y I LZ yZp~ kZ X Tg D h

/]|~ Wz]g q~U{ CY ~ wVt bkZX


H
7t !zz kZX 1yZ U]**
kV

kZ c*

tgHzuxw
/
~w
gZ}
.p tzzkZ

g Z yZ {z :Zza kZ i VX $
7!g0
+Z
q @*
YH7~? V VyZXD76,
yZgzZZ e
V i { ZmkZZ c*
~ ZZ! 7wZ kZmkZ

{zkZ1} 6,}i +Z X y xsZ ~}g !*


:Zz}ikZ }a}uz:}p: g !*
W)kZ

0/
]|X}qg ZzZa kZx 6,
kZ Y~},Z
65

X 1Vz YyZ0
+{\W CY7wVm,
+Z
yZ \WX ~V6,g^
,Y **
, Yt akZ 5t Vq
Z
77]!*
kZ nq
-Z g @*
sZ t|X c*
:Zzg Z,
~ekZX !^
,Ya ^
Z ] $
Y

7]ZmyZ CY~ BV
XVzq~uz6,
g

-Z s~a kZ X
q
) !*
Z **
W-6,V Vx ekZ

{z
/Z g (Z#
@*
Y c*
g Z

wVkZ6,gm{T VztwV

V Vx ~uz Z X $
! ]gza r
vZ g/]| 0 V i tZZZztX Y Zz |

V iV;z Zt ZZ
# ~gzU*
!
@*
YX c*
W7~ i

}g kZ IV3` X Yc*
g Z

!Z VZwZ~}g !*
kZ @*
e xg~#
kZ I /
]|gzZ Yc*
yxg

~uz gzZ c_ ! ~ ZZ sq
-Z c*
Xn W)z Y !*
{z =g f

X ~} ~#
}i t {z Z ~y W MkZ X !Y s
X c*
g Z
9i!ZgzZ c*
g!~ ZZ xz
! bkZ

t x g t k
,
Zz
/Z pX w+Z kZ t

tN m,
Zq
-Z6,
uv5 nZ!*
w+Z

,
k
~G@*
#
~ m,
Zn
tgzZ #
Vzm,
Z [Z6,y*y
X}qz**

-ZX T e **
q
"
$U*
'!*
z ]Z|7X V i t Z

ZZ
+Y t }uz X wVg (Zi !Y ~ wzZg t
66

3G4$ ZZ ah
yZ wV!*
{g 1X Y Y KV G
e ~ x OZ #

X 7mV!*
Vz

#
c*
Y c*
g k0*
Vzg ~ ZZVX
R 7t wZV;z

V i yZ t {z wZ V;z X Y Hg (Zi Z ~
6,yZgg Z

',. E
c*
Y c*
yxgV3
L i8~Vz!*
k
,
i V ~ ZZ ~ wqC
V i yZ ~ V/}uz X Y c*
` Zy
Z Y1 :Zz Vzg ~ ZZyZ 7tV;zX xg

yZ }!*
{z c*
3 ` yX yg ~ ZZ t wZ
wqit C0*
]g ~ Vz X g W D6,V i

~]gnzq
-Z @*
ht#
gzZ g~wEZVzg ~ ZZ
X}wz` Zy~]g~uzgzZV iyZ

c*
6,kZ {zgzZ V~ ZZg ZzZa Zg f nxct
/Z

L{gHc*
#
zq
-Z g ZzZawC
gzZ ,qg ZzZa x Vzuz
~ kZ VY x x *~ VsyZ , c*
Z Z

gzZg Z Y c*
ZgZ',kZgzZ Dx w CZ f ZZ6,V i @*

XZ ZL{gH#
Zzg Zi
E
!
7wZ8
!V;z VY W -"{ c*
igzZw+Z Zuz

X Yc*
g Z

! ; q{q5q
-Z wZt

e yZ C q#
sZ , ZZ
+Y!) =g f ]q :

X Y c*
yxg V3 7Z t q
-Z X Zg j nz J
-[Z ~

#
WkZgzZ Y3g~!ZgZ',
#
sZ7Z t}uz
67

~#
sZ [ Z z!u{zgzZ Z t Z~| 16 X N Y ~g7 ]c*
gz

{g~}g !*
V iyZ ZZatwZ Zzyxg]Z
z Z

7wZ 8
!V;z c*
X Y H6,i ~ VhVz !*
c*
Zz bhZ|kZ~k
,
KZ /
]|X wZ !
,
k
kZX g}Z e S&!

g7!{z

: t}LP

] o] !u ] o ] m ] ] F j

kn

n jn_] ^n j k (^ g ] ] ^e

]] ] ^ (pF

] e xjm o fm ] km]

] kq ] ] ne ]] ] ^ k !q ]

] ^qe n

] fu] ] km

nqi o ^] q o kq

i^] n ^n j ^ m m r] e^ o t] ] ^n n
C1X e oi^m m ]

} i t Z ~ ) w X V '!*
V y Z ?

6,z Z ~ { C Z}
.X H6,z Z y Z ( : y xg V
} }uz y Zgz Z y Z C q +Z ~
/Z X Vz

{W Vz } i kZ ~
/Z w ZpX g ~ % Z

~uz } g7 ] Y ZyZ V|Y VY ) n {g: ~g Y ] q :

igz Z

b w ZZ nZ vZ ~ kZ X ( 7]g

y xgVkZ w zV Zv0*
~ ~ w ZZ :X
( | 1346 {C
,) 30- 1Zx Z ` ZZ[ C 1

68

V y Z w Z0V igz Z X H 9 ~ V &~gz Z c*

t b6,z Z y Zgz Z VzZ


+ ` Zy6,y Z$
+ kZgz Z Vz

g 7Z ~B;

gz ZaV X Wxq
-Z V t bkZ , Z Z { zT
X aVY{Wgz Z { y Z

@*
W~]c*
ZzgOX Ht Z Zg yZ k
,
/
]|
\W 9Zg\W ) km ^ k^ :m p] ] ^nq ]^

X (

!E
L ]gzZZbkZH <g[ZXZzZt

}i<< ]!*
kZmF,
xZzkZX YYH~
.Z wZ
4$^
3G
,
k
KZ/
]|X 7c*
YYKyZV G
,Y ZZ t:C!

X Vg~Vz (Z~
/Z7h8
!= c*

tp~

CY Zz ] !*
t kZ Ht 6,z Z ZV i t Z

!Z : kZX F
F6,%**
w +Z kZ ] Z|
G
4 $
4
G
"
$U*
t :gzZ Q? ~ h
P 5G ZZ{ ^Z V i @*

X $
Y

akZ it ~y Z CY 7BVkZ g @*
s Z
|X Y Z Z ~ y Z

x OZ ~g u y Z 7

L}i
/ZX {!*
g .x **
!Z g @*
sZ t

T{ Zp#
6,V iy ZX ~} }uz q
-Z { z

{ z bT g~bZ { zg Z 1
X ~

69

y Ww
z K ZZgzZxsZ CY Zz ]!*
t kZ H7{^
,Y 6,
zZ

]xsZv X DZ!*
gZ Vz igzZ ~

b Z Z

7Z_xsZ 7tZgxyZ D"


$U*
ZVzyZ

g76,g =9xsZ kZ {z [ZgzZ c*


J
-|kZ

t{zzz1X `yZZ6,
kZ{!*
c* W,
Oxc]Z|t t|

Te **
76,x**
xsZxc{z X ,76,x**
xcxc Te 7
XHf6,
zZ~X GXZbx{zTf {zX

C ]!*
t ~ g @*
sZ X 7]!*
5f nkZ

hZz kZ ]Z V gzZ Zgx ~ * Z


# X g W
~tg
$u v
Zy hZ a
"
$U*
sZ>

!*
VrZ

$g/kZX x {h
e
+I Z}
.x tkZgzZ p~

Z`ze
$i **
X Z
?~hkZ ne p ] c*
W: i
GL!xsZV
[Z X W/xe ~i **
g Z

g @*
vt! lX g YS&
+
e P<
L z yW

~hkZ gz xc

k
,
~$
+Z xsZ~ t}W lZz : igzZ f
e $

X D: h

70

You might also like