Genetics and Medicine Exam 3 Biology 1010 (past version)

Name: ______________________________________________________________ Studio section:__

Instructions:
Please enter Last Name, First Name and your RIN on both, this page and the Scantron sheet.
Multiple choice questions: Read each question carefully, looking at all the suggested answers. Select the best answer
and mark it on the Scantron sheet using pencil. Check all your answers at least once to make sure you have chosen the
best answer and marked the corresponding place on the form.
Essay questions: please use pen, and write clearly below each question.
1. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
a. H-bonding of purine to purine or pyrimidine to pyrimidine can only occur if individual DNA strands are antiparallel.
b. The DNA has a spiral structure.
c. The nitrogenous bases stack in a planar arrangement with little space between adjacent nucleotides.
d. The sugar phosphate linkages define the backbone of the DNA molecule.
2. The lowest level of DNA/protein structure utilized for packing DNA into chromosomes is the ____________
while the highest level of condensation of chromosomes occurs in _____________.
a. condensed fiber : interphase chromosomes
b. chromatid : chromatin
c. nucleosome : mitotic chromosomes
d. G1 phase chromosomes : S phase chromosomes
3. The most significant genetic event during mitosis is:
a. determining where the mid-plane is for cell division.
b. reformation of the nucleus.
c. distributing a copy of each chromosome to the opposite pole of the cells.
d. aligning the chromosomes to allow crossing over.
4. The ABO blood group system is a good example of
a. multiple allelism and parallelism
b. codominance and multiple allelism
c. dominance and recessiveness
d. incomplete segregation
5. In the disease hemophilia:
a. A mother carrying the hemophilia gene (heterozygous) will pass the disease on to a son with a 50% probability.
b. A mother carrying the hemophilia gene (heterozygous) will pass the disease on to a daughter with a 50%
probability.
c. A mother carrying the hemophilia gene (heterozygous) will pass the carrier genotype for the disease on to a
daughter with a 100% probability.
d. A mother carrying the hemophilia gene (heterozygous) will pass the carrier genotype for the disease on to a son
with a 50% probability.
6. How can a person with an XY genotype have the external genitalia of a woman?
a. Since one member of a set of sex chromosomes is inactivated, those cells responsible for genitalia have only the X
chromosome active.
b. If the X chromosome is present, it overrides the information from the Y chromosome.
c. A gene on the Y chromosome that is necessary to generate male genitalia is mutant or missing.
d. A gene on the X chromosome is mutant allowing the female characteristics to be revealed.

7. DNA polymerase is the enzyme that adds deoxyribonucleotides into the new DNA strands. Its general mode of
action is different on the leading strand than on the lagging strand. Why?
a. DNA polymerase polymerizes individual nucleotides more slowly on the lagging strand than on the leading
strand.
b. DNA polymerase has a clamp to keep it associated with the leading strand and no clamp on the lagging strand.
c. DNA polymerase activity on the leading strand is continuous while DNA replication on the lagging strand is
discontinuous or made in small pieces.
d. DNA polymerase makes more errors replicating the lagging strand and the repair mechanisms utilized to remove
mistakes cause fragmentation of the lagging strand.
8. Suppose that grain color in wheat is controlled by a single gene. Suppose further that I have two pure bred strains
of wheat, one with red grains and one with dark brown grains, resulting from the action of this single gene. I make a
hybrid of these and it has dark brown grains. When I cross this hybrid with the red grained strain, which of the
following is a likely result?
a. All the progeny will have dark brown grains
b. All the progeny will have red grains
c. Half the progeny will have red grains
d. Three quarters of the progeny will have brown grains.
9. The alleles of a gene are found at ________ chromosomes.
a. the same locus on non-homologous
b. the same locus on homologous
c. different loci on homologous
d. different loci on non-homologous
10. Most people afflicted with recessive disorders are born to parents who were
a. both affected by the disease.
b. not affected at all by the disease.
c. slightly affected by the disease, showing some but not all of the symptoms.
d. subjected to some environmental toxin that caused the disease in their children.
11. Which of the following shows the greatest promise as a cancer chemotherapy agent?
a. a drug that interferes with cellular respiration
b. a drug that prevents mitotic spindle from forming
c. a drug that prevents crossing over
d. a drug that prevents tetrad formation
12. Independent orientation of chromosomes at metaphase I of meiosis results in an increase in the number of
a. gametes.
b. homologous chromosomes.
c. possible combinations of characteristics.
d. sex chromosomes.
13. Nondisjunction occurs when
a. a portion of a chromosome breaks off and is lost.
b. two chromosomes fuse into one.
c. members of a chromosome pair fail to separate.
d. an entire pair of chromosomes is lost during meiosis I.

14. Imagine that beak color in a finch species is controlled by a single gene. You mate a finch homozygous for
orange (pigmented) beak with a finch homozygous for ivory (unpigmented) beak and get numerous offspring, all of
which have a pale, ivory-orange beak. This pattern of color expression is most likely to be an example of
a. incomplete dominance.
b. codominance.
c. pleiotropy.
d. polygenic inheritance.
15. In humans, a property of ear wax is under the control of a single genetic locus, with sticky ear wax dominant to
dry. A woman with dry ear wax who married a man with sticky ear wax
a. could have a child with dry ear wax if the mans genome was homozygous dominant.
b. would have children with a 50% chance of having sticky ear wax if the mans genome was heterozygous.
c. would have children with dry ear wax regardless of the mans genotype.
d. would have children with an intermediate level of stickiness in their ear wax.
Essay questions:

1. Pea plant flowers may be purple (P) or white (p). Pea plant seeds may be round (R) or
wrinkled (r). What proportion of the offspring from a cross between purple-flowered,
round-seeded individuals (heterozygous for both traits) will have both white flowers and
round seeds? HINT: You may want to draw out the Punnett Square for this genetic
cross. (4 points)

2. Describe two checkpoints in the cell cycle and/or mitosis (2 points). What is the role of
each? (2 points) What molecular features underlie the checkpoints? (2 points)