Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Soal Asistensi 1-6
Soal Asistensi 1-6
March
300
800
800
300
1,250
1,500
$ 900
$ 900
$ 600
$ 600
$400,000
$140,000
$400,000
$140,000
The selling price per unit is $2,500. The budgeted level of production used to
calculate the budgeted fixed manufacturing cost per unit is 1,000 units. There
are no price, efficiency, or spending variances. Any production-volume variance
is written off to cost of goods sold in the month in which it occurs.
Required:
1. Prepare income statements for FGK in January, February, and March of
2012 under a) Variable costing and b) Absorption costing
2. Explain the difference in operating income for January, February, and
March under variable and absorption costing
Problem 2
The variable manufacturing costs per unit of FGK Corporation are as follows:
January
$500
February
$500
March
$500
100
100
300
$900
300
$900
Required:
1. Prepare income statements for FGK in January, February, and March of
2012 under throughput costing.
Problem 3
PT. Primatron manufactures and sell LED TV 32 inch. Below are data regarding
companys production on January and February 2013:
Asistensi-2
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Problem 1: UTS 2011-2012
PT Newstar is distributor that sell Me-Pad a brand new type of gadget at an
exhibition Newstar Plans to sell Me Pad for $500 each. The company purchase
Me-Pad from manufacturer at $350 each, with the privilege of returning any
unsold units for a full refund. The exhibition offer Newstar with 2 alternatives:
1. A fixed payment 0f $5.000 during exhibition
2. 10% of total revenues earned during exhibition
Assume Newstar incur no other cost
Required:
1. Calculate BEP unit for option 1 and 2
2. At what level of unit sold will Newstar earn the same operating income
under either option? For what range of unit sales will Newstar prefer option
1 over option 2?
3. Calculate margin of safety and degree of degree of operating leverage at
sales of $100 units for two rental option.
Problem 2
A company that sells its single product for $40 per unit uses cost-volume profit
analysis in its planning. The companys after tax income for the past year was
$1.188.000 after applying effective tax rate 40%. The projected costs for
manufacturing and selling its single product in the coming year are in the next
column.
Variable costs per unit:
Direct material
$5
Direct labor
4
Manufacturing overhead
6
Selling and administrative costs
3
Total variable costs per unit
18
Annual fixed operating costs:
Manufacturing overhead
Selling and administrative costs
Total annual fixed costs
6.200.000
3.700.000
9.900.000
Required:
a. Calculate the total number of units needed to break even.
b. Calculate sales volume in dollar required in the coming year to earn aftertax net income as the past year.
c. The company has learned that a new direct material is available that will
increase the quality of its product. The new material will increase the
direct material costs by $3 per unit. The company will increase the selling
price of the product to $50 per unit and increase its marketing costs
$1.575.000 to advertise the higher quality product. Calculate the number
of units the company should sell in order to earn a 10% before-tax return
on sales.
Problem 3
Andra company produces two products: squared and circles. The sales units mix
for squares and circles was 1:5. The projected income for the coming year,
segmented by product line, follows:
Squares
Circles
Total
Sales
$300.000
$2.500.000
$2.800.000
Less: Variable Costs
100.000
500.000
600.000
Contribution margin
200.000
2.000.000
2.200.000
Less: Direct Fixed Costs
28000
1.500000
1.528.000
Product Margin
172.000
500.000
672.000
Less: Common Fixed Cost
100.000
Operating Income
572.000
The selling prices are $30 for squares and $50 for circles.
Required:
a. Compute the number of units of each product that must be sold for Andra
company to break even.
b. Compute the revenue that must earned to produce an operating income of
10% of sales revenues.
c. Suppose that Andra Company can increase the sales of squares with
increased advertising. The extra advertising would cost an additional
$45.000 and some of the potential purchasers of circles would switch to
squares. In total, sales of squares would increase by 15.000 units, and
sales of circles would decrease by 5.000 units. Would Andra be better off
with this strategy?
Problem 4
PT Fontana menjual produknya dengan harga Rp 60.000 per unit. Berikut
informasi mengenai biaya variabel per unit:
Bahan baku langsung
Rp 16.000
Tenaga kerja langsung
Rp 12.000
Biaya overhead
Rp 7.000
Total biaya manufacturing variabel
Rp 35.000
Biaya penjualan
Rp 7.000
Total biaya variabel
Rp 42.000
may
june
total
April
may
june
total
may
june
total
price
quantity
total revenues
2. production budget (in units)
for the year ending june 30
COST BUD
available from beg dm
+to be purchased
dm to be used
3b. DM purchases budget
for the year ending june 30
total
P UNIT BUD
to be used
+target end inv
total req
-beg inv
purchase to be made
April
may
june
COST BUD
purchases
DML/u
nit
total
dml
rate
April
may
june
total
april
may
june
total
5. MOH costs budget
for the year ending june 30
VC
variable manuf overhead
FC
fixed manufacturing
overhead
total MOH
6a. unit costs of end FG inv
for the year ending june 30
cost per unit
of input
DM
DML
MOH
total
6b. ending inventories budget
product
input/unit
tot
output
al
total
may
cost/un
it
total
FG:
total ending
inv
7. COGS budget
for the year ending june 30
April
may
june
may
june
beg FG inv
DM used
DML
MOH
COGM
COGAS
-end FG inv
COGS
8. nonmanufacturing costs budget
for the year ending june 30
April
VC:
var selling and adm
expense
FC:
fixed selling and adm
expense
TC
9. budgeted INCOME STATEMENT
for the year ending june 30
june
cost/un
it
total
April
may
june
rev
-cogs
gross margin
-operating costs:
operating income
LIABILITIES:
STOCKHOLDERS'
EQUITY:
TA
TL&SHE
Soal 2
1. revenues
budget
product
TR
Total
2. production
budget
Product
bud unit sales
+target end FG
total req
-beg FG
units to be
produced
3a. DM usage budget in Q in
$
Material
P UNIT BUD
dm req for
dm req for
dm req for
total q dm to be
used
COST BUD
available from
beg dm
+to be
purchased
dm to be used
3b. DM purchases budget
Material
P UNIT BUD
to be used
+target end inv
total req
-beg inv
purchase to be
made
COST BUD
purchases
4. DML costs
budget
product
Qproduced
DML/unit
total dml
rate
total
5. MOH costs
budget
VC
FC
total MOH
6a. unit costs of end FG inv
product
total
cost/unit
input/unit
total
input/unit
DM1
DM2
DM3
DML
MOH
Total
6b. ending inventories
budget
Q
DM:
FG:
7. COGS budget
beg FG inv
DM used
DML
MOH
COGM
COGAS
-end FG inv
COGS
8. nonmanufacturing costs
budget
VC:
FC:
TC
cost/unit
total
total
9. budgeted INCOME
STATEMENT
rev
-cogs
gross margin
-operating
costs:
operating
income
LIABILITIES:
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY:
TA
TL&SHE
Asistensi-3
Master Budget and Responsibility Accounting
Problem 1 Master Budget
Royal Company is preparing budgets for the second quarter ending June 30.
Budgeted sales of the companys only product for the next five months are:
April.........
May.........
June.........
July..........
August.....
20,000
50,000
30,000
25,000
15,000
units
units
units
units
units
The company desires to have inventory on hand at the end of each month
equal to 20% of the following months budgeted unit sales.
Variable selling and administrative expenses are $0.50 per unit sold.
Fixed selling and administrative expenses are $70,000 per month and
include $10,000 in depreciation.
Required:
1.
Sales budget.
2.
Production budget.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Quantity
1
meter
per
shirt
3 ounces per
shirt
0.25 DLH per
Rp 10.000 per DLH shirt
Inventory at Jan 1
75 meter at Rp9.000
100
ounces
at
Rp750
Overhead costs for 2012 are estimated for fixed and variable (measur
c. components:
ed
in direct labor hour (DLH)). Overhead are allocated to finish product using
direct
labor hour as the cost allocation base.
Fixed
Cost Variable
Cost
Supplies
Power
Maintenance
Supervision
Depreciation
Other
Component
Rp 20.000.000
Rp 60.000.000
Rp 75.000.000
Rp 15.000.000
Component
Rp 500
Rp 1.000
-
Required :
Prepare a partial annual operating budget for the year 2012 :
(1) Production Budget
(2) Direct Material Usage Budget
(3) Direct Labor Cost Budget
(4) Manufacturing Overhead Cost Budget
(5) Cost of Goods Sold Budget
Problem 3: Cash Budget (Mid-Term Examination, 27th March 2012)
Champion Hardware is a hardware wholesaler. All sales are credit sales with the
term of payment 5/10, n/end of month. Information about the stores operation
follows:
44.000
Inventory
Property and
depreciation)
280.000
1.724.000
2.238.000
Total Assets
Equipment
(net
of
$1.180.000
190.000
accumulated
324.000
Common Stock
1.590.000
Retained Earning
324.000
2.238.000
Required :
1. Prepare a cash budget for January 2012 in detail (show your computation)
to show the expected cash balance at the end of January 2012.
2. Suppose you are preparing a budgeted balance sheet as of January 31,
2012. Please show the balance for the following account :
a. Cash
b. Account Receivable
c. Account Payable
If the company has minimum cash balance policy of $40.000, how this will affect
your answer.
Asistensi-4
Flexible Budgets, Variances, and Management Control 1
Problem 1 :
Connor Companys budgeted prices for direct materials, direct manufacturing
labor, and direct marketing (distribution) labor per attach case are $40, $8, and
$12, respectively. The president is pleased with the following performance report:
Direct materials
Direct manufacturing labor
F
Direct marketing (distribution) labor
F
Actual Costs
Static
Budget
Variance
$364,000
$400,000
$36,000 F
78,000
80,000
2,000
110,000
120,000
10,000
Actual output was 8,800 attach cases. Assume all three direct-cost items shown
are variable costs. Is the presidents pleasure justified? Prepare a revised
performance report that uses a flexible budget and a static budget.
Problem 2 :
Bank Management Printers, Inc., produces luxury checkbooks with three checks
and stubs per page. Each checkbook is designed for an individual customer and
is ordered through the customers bank. The companys operating budget for
September 2012 included these data:
Number of checkbooks
15,000
Selling price per book
$ 20
Variable cost per book
$8
Fixed costs for the month
$145,000
Number of checkbooks produced and sold
12,000
Average selling price per book
$ 21
Variable cost per book
$7
Fixed costs for the month
$150,000
The executive vice president of the company observed that the operating
income for September was much lower than anticipated, despite a higher-thanbudgeted selling price and a lower-than-budgeted variable cost per unit. As the
companys management accountant, you have been asked to provide
explanations for
the disappointing September results.
Bank Management develops its flexible budget on the basis of budgeted
per-output-unit revenue and per-output-unit variable costs without detailed
analysis of budgeted inputs.
1. Prepare a static-budget-based variance analysis of the September
performance. qu
2. Prepare a flexible-budget-based variance analysis of the September
performance.
3. Why might Bank Management find the flexible-budget-based variance
analysis more informative than the static-budget-based variance analysis?
Explain your answer.
Problem 3 :
Market-Share and Market-Size Variances. Rhaden Company produces
sweat-resistant headbands for joggers. Information pertaining to Rhadens
operations for May 2011 follows:
Actual
Budget
Units sold
230,550
220,000
Sales revenue
$3,412,140
$3,300,000
Variable cost ratio
68%
64%
Market size in units 4,350,000
4,400,000
1. Compute the sales volume variance for May 2011.
2. Compute the market-share and market-size variances for May 2011.
3. Comment on possible reasons for the variances you computed in requirement
2.
Problem 4
PT Alam Sejahtera is a manufacturing company in the snack industry. Earlier in
2013, the management decided to introduce a new product called Kacang
Premium, an assortment of nuts in a pack, and it will be manufactured in the
Karawang Barat Plant. As its name suggests, Kacang Premium uses only the best
ingredients and is seasoned with a secret ingredient. Kacang Premium will be
sold in packs of 150 grams, and made in batches. The Product Development
Manager has proposed that a batch of Kacang Premium (consisting of 200 packs)
consists of ingredients as below:
Ingredient
Quantity per batch
Price of input
Pistachio
100 boxes
Rp 50.000 per box
Walnut
80 boxes
Rp 35.000 per box
Macadamia
120 boxes
Rp 25.000 per box
Secret Seasoning
20 boxes
Rp 70.000 per box
During the second quarter of 2013, the Production Manager of PT Alam Sejahtera
reported that Karawang Barat Plant has manufactured 150 batches of Kacang
Premium, and it has been distributed in several upscale supermarkets in
Jabodetabek. The quantity of inputs and price of inputs are reported as below.
Ingredients
Actual Quantity
Actual Cost
Actual Mix
Pistachio
16.640 boxes
Rp 856.960.000
32,5%
Walnut
11.520 boxes
Rp 402.048.000
22,5%
Macadamia
19.968 boxes
Rp 539.136.000
39%
Secret Seasoning
3.072 boxes
Rp 192.000.000
6%
Total Actual
51.200 boxes
Rp 1.990.144.000
100%
1. What is the budgeted cost of direct materials for the 30.000 packs?
2. Calculate the total direct materials efficiency variance.
3. Calculate the total direct materials mix and yield variances. What are these
variances telling you about the 30.000 packs produced this quarter? Are the
variances large enough to investigate?
Problem 5
Bapak Aria employs three workers in his doll making workshop. The first worker
is Ibu Setya and she has been making dolls for 25 years. She is paid Rp 150.000
per hour. The second worker is Ibu Laras, and is paid Rp 100.000 per hour. The
third worker is Ibu Ditha, and is paid Rp 95.000 per hour. According to the
statistic, one doll is made in 6 hours and budgeted as follows:
Quantity
Asistensi-5
Flexible Budgets, Variances, and Management Control 2
Actual Results
Amounts
300,000
500
324,000
480
setup
Hours to set up printers
Direct variable cost per setup-
8 hours
$40
8.2 hours
$39
hour
Total fixed setup overhead costs
$105,600
$119,000
Budget
Information
25.000
2 Hours
Actual Results
$ 10/Hours
$ 20/Hours
$ 10,4/Hours
$ 18,95/Hours
29.000
2,3 Hours
Required
1. Calculate the direct manufacturing labor price and efficiency variances and
indicate whether each is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U).
2. Calculate the variable manufacturing overhead spending and efficiency
variances and indicate whether each is favorable (F) or unfavorable (U).
3. For both direct manufacturing labor and variable manufacturing overhead, do
the price/spending variances help Sarah explain the efficiency variances?
4. Is Sarah correct in her assertion that the mismanagement of labor has a
twofold effect on cost over-runs? Why might the variable manufacturing
overhead efficiency variance not be an accurate repre-sentation of the effect
of labor overruns on variable manufacturing overhead costs?
188,700
(102,000
pounds)
Direct Labor
Manufacturing Overhead
output
Direct Labor
hour/unit
Variabel Overhead
11.90
labor hour
Production Budget:
Direct Material
Direct Labor
$ 165,000
$ 140,000
per
direct-
Manufacturing Labor
$ 199,000
companys actual production and sales was 21,000 units, which was 17,5%
market share. Average selling price was $ 38. The company expected to
get
20% market share. The exacted market for this product is 100.000 units. Its
selling price is budgeted at $ 40.
Required :
Prepare a complete various report and analysis consists of :
a. Variable-overhead spending&efficiency variances
b. Fixed-overhead spending & production volume variances
c. Sales price variance
d. Sales volume variance
e. Sales quantity variance
f. Market Share and Market Size Variance
g. The flexible budget variance
Asistensi-6
Revenues, Sales Variances, and Customer-Profitability Analysis
Problem 1
PT Buana Sentosa makes a component for branded LED TVs called X27-A6. This
component is manufactured upon order from the manufacturer of the TV, so PT
Buana Sentosa keeps no inventory. The list price is Rp 750.000,-, but
manufacturer of the TV often receives discount of 5% if it order large enough.
The component is packed in a box that contains 100 pieces of X27-A6. If the
order is not in a multiplier of 100, it is put in a single box (i.e. 245 pieces is
packed in 3 boxes). To retain its relationship with the customer, it uses a policy
that accepts free exchange of defective units within 10 days of delivery.
According to the data, a unit of X27-A6 costs Rp 250.000,-, and the details of
customer level costs are as follows:
Order taking
Rp 1.250.000,- per order
Product handling Rp 750.000,- per box
Warehousing
Rp 450.000,- per day
Rush order processing
Rp 7.000.000,- per rush order
Exchange and repair
Rp 350.000,- per unit
As being detailed below, four biggest customers of PT Buana Sentosa during
2013 are as follows:
LG
Samsung
Sony
Toshiba
No. Of units 15.000
19.500
16.500
8.500
purchased
Discounts
10%
10%
10%
0
given
No. Of orders
40
23
27
65
No. Of boxes
150
195
165
85
Days
in 30
22
5
55
warehouse
No. Of rush 10
21
11
6
orders
No. Of units 30
0
2
15
exchanged
1. Calculate the customer level operating income for these four customers.
Prepare a customer profitability analysis by ranking the customer from most to
least profitable.
2. Does PT Buana Sentosa have unprofitable customers?
Problem 2: (Adapted from UTS 2011-2012)
VITALIFE is a local distributor of herbal medicine products. With the growing
competitiveness in the industry, VITALIFEs new controller, Budi Black, wants to
use ABC system instead of traditional costing to examine individual customer
profitability within each distribution market. He identified there are five activities
related with customer cost: order processing, line item ordering, store deliveries,
carton deliveries, and shelf-stocking. He focuses first on Blue Green Co. Single
store distribution market. Four customers are used to exemplify the insight
availability with the ABC approach. For the February 2012, he listed the following
data for those selected customers:
Anabelle
Pharmacy
Rp
5.500.000,Rp
3.500.000,-
Britannia
Apothecary
Rp
4.750.000,Rp
2.135.000,-
Chandelier
Pharmacy
Rp
5.200.000,Rp
4.520.000,-
Dakar
Drug
Store
Rp
5.500.000,Rp
4.210.000,-
Avg. Revenue
per delivery
Avg. Cost of
Goods
Sold
per delivery
Total orders
12
14
15
9
Avg.
Line 8
10
5
17
items
per
order
Total
store 10
7
3
14
deliveries
Avg. Cartons 15
22
13
16
shipped
per
store delivery
Avg. Hours of 4
2
0
2
shelf stocking
per
store
delivery
He also collects the following information related with customers cost activities:
Activity Area
Cost Driver Rate in 2012
Order Processing
Rp 150.000,- per order
Line Item Ordering
Rp 14.000,- per line item
Store Deliveries
Rp 125.000,- per store delivery
Carton Deliveries
Rp 4.000,- per carton
Shelf Stocking
Rp 75.000,- per stocking hour
Required:
1. Compute customer level operating income using ABC approach for those
selected customers.
2. Based on the above calculations, what opinion should Budi Black consider with
regard to those selected individual customers