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ADJECTIVES:
Sfatlar isimleri nitelerler. (Renk, boy,bykl, durumu, ya, vb.)
KULLANIM:
Adjective + To Vo (istisnalar dnda)
It is not difficult to learn English.
Adjective + That Clause (Duygu, fikir ya da inan belirten sfatlar that clause alabilirler.)
She is worried that she cannot answer all the questions in two hours.
Adjective + Wh Questions/How Whether /If --- (Duygu, fikir ya da inan bildiren sfatlar kendilerinden
sonra kararsz durum balalar (wh soru kelimeleri, how, whether,if))
She wasnt sure which direction she would choose.
Adjective + Noun ( niteledikleri ismin nnde bulunurlar)
A dangerous attempt, an unexpected recovery
A serious assault was avoided owing to his help.
Sfatlar LinkingVerbs dediimiz eylem bildirmeyen fiillerden sonra kullanlrlar.
Subject + Linking Verb+ Adjective (Complement)
LINKING VERBS ( Bu fiiller sfatlarla kullanlrlar, zarflarla kullanlmazlar)
Be
Become
Prove
Get
Seem
Appear
Look
Feel
Taste
Smell
Sound
Go
Grow
turn
Keep
Stay
Remain
Ving , V3 as Adjective
Etkileyen --- Ving
Etkilenen --- V3
The movie was fascinating. We were fascinated.
Tamamlanm SreV3---- Developed countries.
Devam eden Sre--- Ving --- Boiling water, developing countries.
ADVERBS:
KULLANIM:
Zarflar Fiiller le Kullanlrlar ( Fiili niteler)
Please speak slowly ( Ltfen yava bir ekilde konuun. )
He passed the exam because he had studied hard. ( O snav geti. nk sk bir ekilde almt )
Extreme:
True:
Whole:
Undue:
Reluctant:
Adequate:
Accurate:
***Adamant:
***Vehement:
ar
doru, gerek
tm, btn
gereksiz
isteksiz
uygun, elverili
doru
sert
sert
Extremely:
Truly:
Wholly:
Unduely:
Reluctantly:
Adequately:
Accurately:
Adamantly:
Vehemently:
yi Szckleri
Bunlarn sfat ve zarflar birbirleri ile ilikili deildir. Bunlarn sfat ve zarflar iin ayr kelimeler
oluturulmutur.
Good:iyi ( sfat )
Bunlar iin sfat ve zarf olarak ayr kelimeler tretilmemitir. "ly" de almazlar. Cmlede kullanmlarna
gre zarf veya sfat olurlar. Zarf olarak kullanldklarnda sfat anlamlarna "bir ekilde, bir biimde" eklenerek
evirisi yaplr.
Hard:
sk
Fast:
hzl
Near:
yakn
High:
yksek
Enough: yeter, yeterli
Much:
ok ( saylamayanlar iin )
Little:
az, kk
Late:
ge
Early:
erken
He has enough money. ( Onun yeterli paras var. ) enough = sfat
She doesn't study enough. ( O yeterli bir ekilde almaz. ) enough = zarf
A late decision. ( Ge bir karar ) late = sfat
He gets up late. ( O ge bir ekilde kalkar. ) late = zarf
Aadaki zarflar kken aldklar sfatlardan farkl anlama gelirler.
Sfat
Hard:
Scarce:
Bare:
Zarf
sk
kt
yaln
Hardly:
Scarcely:
Barely:
Near:
Late:
Fair:
Eventual:
yakn
ge
adil, doru
olas, muhtemel
Nearly:
yaklak olarak
Lately:
son zamanlarda
Fairly:
olduka
Eventually: sonu olarak, sonunda
pek........mez
pek........mez
pek........mez
Consistantly:
Steadily:
Constantly:
srekli olarak
srekli olarak
srekli olarak
Too
ok fazla, gereinden ok anlamnda. Negatif anlamdadr. Sfat ya da zarf niteler.
Too zarfn nitelemek iin rather, far, a little, a bit, much gibi zarflar kullanlr.
He is rather too thrilled.
I have far too much exam anxiety.
This boy is a little too shy.
The cafe on the third floor is a bit too crowded.
The questions in the practice exam were much too hard.
Barely, hardly, scarcely, little
***Olumsuz anlam ierirler. Bu yzden olumlu cmlede kullanlrlar ve anlam olumsuz yaparlar.
Barely, hardly, scarcely zarflar neredeyse hi ve zar zor/ g bela anlam tarlar.
Ancak little zarf sadece neredeyse hi anlam tar.
They hardly know about me.
We could hardly/barely/scarcely answer the questions asked by the boss.
The professor little knew about his new assistant.
Rather da like, enjoy, dislike, object gibi fiilleri nitelemek iin "olduka" anlamnda kullanlr.
I rather object to elementary school students being given too much homework.
She rather likes doing housework.
Sfat tamlamalarnda a/an, "fairly" den nce kullanlr.
She is a fairly tall girl.
It is a fairly interesting story. A/an, "rather" dan nce ya da sonra gelebilir.
This is a rather difficult question/rather a difficult question.
This is a rather noisy place/rather a noisy place.
A/an, "quite" dan sonra gelir.
It was quite a nice holiday.
She was quite an understanding person.
Our house is quite a long way from here.
SENTENCE ADVERBS
Btn bir cmleyi niteleyerek konumacnn olaya bakn ve tutumunu anlatan zarflardr.
Wrongly
unluckily
indeed
evidently
rightly
luckily
obviously
seriously
unfortunately
In fact
Of course
Fortunately
Actually
Surely
Perhaps
Surprisingly
Frankly
certainly
possibly
naturally
maybe
annoyingly
definitely
presumably
personally
admittedly
clearly
honestly
undoubtedly
understandably
Bu zarflar ortada kullanld zaman "be" fiilinden sonra gelir.
He is obviously innocent./They are probably at home.
Yardmc fiil yoksa, zne ile asl fiil arasnda; yardmc fiil varsa yardmc fiille asl fiil arasnda
yer alrlar.
He obviously avoids being seen with his new girlfriend.
They probably delayed going on holiday.
He will probably come late tonight.
He had obviously taken the money.
At the beginning or at the end of a sentence:
Certainly, he has been working very hard.
He has been working very hard, certainly.
Obviously, they will raise the prices again.
They will raise the prices again, obviously
___ADJ_____er THAN
More _______ADJ__THAN
***Much /far /rather/ a little/ a lot/ a bit / no kelimeleri comparative yaplar vurgularlar.
He is a much better dentist than you are.
She is far more intelligent than I thought.
Some species of dinosaurs were no bigger than a chicken.
Shes only a little taller than her sister.
This answer sounds rather better than the previous one.
The more . the more
Birbirine bal olarak deien iki durumu karlatrma kullanarak bildireceksek bu yapy
kullanrz.
The longer you work, the more you earn.
The more money you have, the better you live.
The taller someone is, the better s/he can play basketball.
2006 KASIM kpds
Twice
Three times
Half as
AS (positive degree) AS
SO + ADJ/ADV + THAT:
We have such a lot of resources that you wont need anything else.
Devrik yap da mmkndr.
It was such a difficult exam that few people were able to pass.
Such a difficult exam was it that few people were able to pass. (devrik)
TOO + ADJ/ADV+ TO Vo
Olumsuz anlam tar.
Many/few/little/much+ noun eklinde de kullanlabilir
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Sfatlar nlerine my , his ,their, Jasons gibi aitlik bildiren yaplar aldklarnda the almazlar.
My best friend, his most successful student, their least appreciated offer.
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES AND AND ADVERBS
GOOD
BETTER --- THE BEST
BAD
WORSE---- THE WORST
MUCH
MORETHE MOST
MANY/ A LOT OF
MORE--- THE MOST
LITTLE
LESS---- THE LEAST
FAR
FARTHEST (en uzak) The farthest landmark visible is aobut 30
kilometres away.
FAR
FURTHEST (en uzak/ en fazla) The novel explores the furthest
extremes of human experience.
LATE
LATEST ---- (up-to-date) The machine is of the latest technology.
LATE
LAST-- () The last man to leave the building was Mark.
OLD
OLD
By far, quite , much, almost, nearly , together gibi derecelendirme zarflar ile de kullanlabilirler.
She is by far the most hardworking student in the class.
NEML
BY FAR / OF (ALL), AMONG, IN gibi grup ifade eden edatlar varsa superlative yapy tercih
etmeliyiz.
Of all the applicants, she seems to be the most effective.
She is by far the best singer in the contest.
I am pretty much the best in the class.
It is for sure that I am quite the worst member of the team.
2003 mart ds sosyal
More , most, least, better ve best yaplar nlerine thealmadan filleri nitelerken
kullanlabilir.
I like this red best among all my dresses.
The famous actress most fear that they may lose their fans one day.
Of these two selective courses, I want to take the course of History of Music better.
MOST +ADJECTIVE /ADVERB
MOST yaps the almadan kullanldnda very anlamna gelir.
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12
Kayann dokusu onun, kuyruklu yldz . gevek ve kurumlu bir buz ktlesinden deil, bir asteroidden
geldiini gsterdi.
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