S GD&T H NI

TRNG THPT A PHC

------------------

THI OLYMPIC (Ngy 3/4/2011)

Mn: Ho hc 10
Thi gian: 90 pht

Cho bit nguyn t khi ca cc nguyn t:

H = 1; He = 4; Li = 7; Be = 9; C = 12; N = 14; O = 16; Na = 23; Mg = 24; Al = 27; P=31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5;
K = 39; Ca = 40; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Rb = 85; Sr = 88; Ag = 108;
Sn = 119; Cs = 133; Ba = 137; Pb = 207.
Cu 1 (6 im):
1) Hon thnh cc pthh ca phn ng sau (cn bng theo phng php thng bng electron): (4 im)
N x O y + ...
a. FeO + HNO3
Trn c s h s tm c, hy suy lun xc nh h s cho trng hp Fe3O4:
N x O y + ...
Fe3O4 + HNO3
b. CuFeS2 + Fe2 (SO 4 )3 + O 2 + H 2O CuSO 4 + FeSO 4 + H 2SO 4
2) Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong nhng trng hp sau: (2 im)
1. Ozon oxi ha I- trong mi trng trung tnh
2. Sc kh CO2 qua nc Javel
3. Cho nc Clo qua dung dch KI
4. Sc kh Clo n d vo dung dch FeI2
Cu 2 (4 im): em nhit phn 22,12 gam kalipemangannat thu c 21,16 gam hn hp rn X. Cho X
tc dng vi lng d dung dch axit HCl c. Tnh th tch kh clo (ktc) c th thot ra cc i.
Cu 3 (6 im):
A, B, C l ba kim loi k tip nhau trong cng m t chu k (theo th t t tri sang ph i trong chu
k) c tng s khi trong cc nguyn t chng l 74.
a. Xc nh A, B, C. (3 im)
b. Hn hp X gm (A, B, C). Tin hnh 3 th nghim sau: (1) ho tan (m) gam X vo n c d thu
c V lt kh; (2) ho tan (m) gam X vo dung dch NaOH d thu c 7V/4 lt kh ; (3) ho tan (m) gam
X vo dung dch HCl d thu c 9V/4 lt kh. Bit cc th tch kh u c o ktc v coi nh B
khng tc dng vi nc v kim.
Tnh % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X? (3 im)
Cu 4 (4 im): Mt sunfua kim loi c cng thc R2S ,trong kim loi R th hin s oxiho +1 v +2
trong cc hp cht. t chy hon ton 1,6g sunfua trong l ng d oxi, r i ho tan ch t r n thu c
sau phn ng trong mt lng va dung dch HCl 29,2%. N ng c a mu i trong dung d ch thu c
l 40,9%. Khi lm lnh dung dch ny thy c 1,71g mui rn X kt tinh ra v n ng c a mu i trong
dung dch sau khi tch mui rn gim xung cn 27,6%. Xc nh cng thc ca mui kt tinh.

------------ HT -----------Ghi ch:

- Hc sinh khng c s dng bt k ti liu no (k c Bng tun hon cc nguyn t ha hc)
- Gim th coi thi khng cn gii thch g thm.

S GD&T H NI

TRNG THPT A PHC

---------------HNG DN V BIU IM CHM

THI OLYMPIC (Ngy 3/4/2011)

Mn: Ho hc 10
Ni dung

Cu
Cu 1
1
FeO + HNO3

Fe(NO3 )3 + N x O y

Fe+2
xN+5 + (5x - 2y) e

+ H 2O

Fe+3 + 1e
+

Nx

x (5x - 2y)

2y
x

2
a
b
c
d

0,5

x1

Cn bng: (5x-2y) FeO + (16x-6y) HNO3

(5x-2y) Fe(NO3 )3 + N x O y + (8x 3y)H 2 O
Suy lun:
V c th xem Fe3O4 l FeO.Fe2O3, nn phn Fe2O3 khng b oxi ha m ch ha tan
trong HNO3 thnh Fe(NO3)3, cn FeO th tham gia phn ng oxi ha kh vi h s nh
trn. V vy ngoi phn HNO3, cn cho phn ng vi FeO nh trn,
cn cn (5x-2y)6.HNO3 to mui vi Fe2O3. Vy h s tng cng l:
(5x-2y) Fe3O4 + (46x-18y) HNO3
(15x-6y) Fe(NO3 )3 + N x O y + (23x 9y)H 2O

CuFeS2 + Fe2 (SO 4 )3 + O 2 + H 2O

im
6
4
0,25

0,5

Cu 2
K 2 MnO 4 + MnO 2 + O 2

0,5

0,5
0,5
2
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
0,25
0,25
4

O3 + 2KI + H2O
O2 + I2 + 2KOH
CO2 + NaClO + H2O
NaHCO3 + HClO
Cl2 + 2KI
2KCl + I2 ;
Nu KI cn d: KI + I2
KI3
2FeI2 + 3Cl2
2FeCl3 + 2I2 ;
5Cl2 + I2 + 6H2O
2HIO3 + 10HCl

t0

0,75

CuSO 4 + FeSO 4 + H 2SO 4

2S-2
2S+6 + 16e x 1
2Fe+3 +2e
2Fe+2
xa
0
-2
O 2 + 4e
2O
xb
V tng s electron m cc cht kh cho phi bng tng s electron m cc cht oxi ha
nhn, do ta c phng trnh:
2a + 4b = 16 hay a + 2b = 8
0<a<8 v 0<b<4
V ch c 1 phng trnh m li 2 n s a, b nn c nhiu nghim s, v d cho b=1 th
a=6
CuFeS2 + 6Fe 2 (SO 4 )3 + O 2 + 6H 2O CuSO 4 + 13FeSO 4 + 6H 2SO 4

Ta c phn ng nhit phn KMnO4

2KMnO 4
Theo nh lut BTKL ta tnh c:

0,5

(1)

0,25
0,5

Khi lng kh oxi thot ra l: m O2 = 22,12 21,16 = 0,96 gam

0,96
n O2 =
= 0, 03mol
s mol oxi l:
32
T phng trnh phn ng (1) ta tnh c cc i lng:
n KMnO4 = 2n O2 = 0, 06 mol
n K 2 MnO4 = n O2 = 0, 03mol

0,75

n MnO2 = n O2 = 0, 03mol
22,12
= 0,14 mol
158
s mol KMnO4 cn d sau nhit phn l: 0,14 - 0,06 = 0,08 mol
Nh vy ta c cht rn X gm cc cht sau: KMnO4: 0,08 mol
K 2 MnO 4 :0, 03mol
Theo bi ra ta c: s mol KMnO4 ban u em dng l: n KMnO4 =

MnO 2 : 0, 03mol
Khi cho X tc dng vi HCl c d ta c cc phng trnh ca cc phn ng ha hc
xy ra:
2KMnO4 + 16HCl
2KCl + 2MnCl2 + 5Cl2 + 8H2O
(2)
K2MnO4 + 8HCl
2KCl + MnCl2 + 2Cl2 + 4H2O
(3)
MnO2 + 4HCl
MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O
(4)
T cc phng trnh (2), (3), (4) ta tnh c tng s mol kh Cl2 thot ra l:
5
n Cl2 = n KMnO4 + 2n K 2MnO4 + n MnO2 = 0,29 mol
2
th tch kh Cl2 (ktc) thot ra l: V = n.22,4 = 0,29.22,4 = 6,496 (lt)
Vy th tch kh clo c th thot ra cc i l 6,496 lt
Cu 3
a
Gi Z1 l s electron ca nguyn t A
S electron ca nguyn t B, C ln lt l Z1+1, Z1+2
Gi N1, N2, N3, ln lt l s ntron ca nguyn t A, B, C
V tng s khi ca cc nguyn t A, B, C l 74 nn ta c phng trnh:
(Z1+N1) + (Z1+1+N2) + (Z1+2+N3) = 74
(1)
Mt khc ta c:
i vi cc nguyn t ha hc c Z 82 ta lun c: Z N 1,5Z . Thay vo (1) ta c:
(Z1+Z1) + (Z1+1+Z1+1) + (Z1+2+Z1+2)
74
6Z1 68
Z1 11,3
(*)
(Z1+1,5Z1) + (Z1+1+1,5Z1+1,5) + (Z1+2+1,5Z1+1,5.2)
74
7,5Z1 68
Z1 8,9
(**)
T (*) v (**) ta suy ra 8,9 Z1 11,3
Vi Z1 l s nguyn
Z1 = 9; 10; 11
M A, B, C l cc kim loi
Z1 = 11 (Na)
Vy A, B, C ln lt l cc kim loi Natri (Na); Magie (Mg); Nhm (Al)
b
Ta c nhn xt:
V th tch kh thot ra th nghim (2) nhiu hn th nghim (1) chng t th
nghim (1) nhm phi ang cn d. V s chnh lch th tch kh th nghim (1) v (2)
l do Al d th nghim (1).
Chnh lch th tch kh th nghim (2) v (3) l do Mg
Ta c cc phn ng xy ra c 3 th nghim:
th nghim (1) v (2): 2Na + 2H2O
2NaOH + H2
(1*)

0,5

0,25

0,75

0,5
0,25
0,25
6
3
0,25
0,5
0,25
0,5
0,5
0,5
0,25
0,25
3
0,5
0,5

2Al + 2 NaOH + 2H2O

2NaAlO2 + 3H2

(2*)

th nghim (3) :

2Na + 2HCl
2NaCl + H2
(3*)
2Al + 6HCl
2AlCl3 + 3H2
(4*)
Mg + 2HCl
MgCl2 + H2
(5*)
Gi s s mol kh thot ra th nghim (1) l x th s mol kh thot ra cc th nghim
(2) v (3) ln lt l 7x/4 v 9x/4
V th nghim (1) Al d nn NaOH ht nn ta cng (1*) vi (2*) ta c:
2Na + 2Al + 4H2O
2NaAlO2 + 4H2
s mol Na bng s mol H2 th nghim (1) = x/2
Xt th nghim (2) ta c:
S mol Na = x/2 suy ra s mol H2 do Na sinh ra bng x/4
Tng s mol H2 l 7x/4
Suy ra s mol H2 do Al sinh ra l (7x/4) - (x/4) = 3x/2
s mol Al = x
S mol Mg bng s mol kh chnh lnh ca th nghim (2) v (3)
Suy ra s mol Mg = (9x/4)-(7x/4) = x/2
Nh vy trong hn hp X gm c cc kim loi vi t l mol l:
Na: Mg: Al = 1:2:1
Suy ra % khi lng ca mi kim loi trong X l:
23.1
.100% = 22,77 (%)
%mNa =
23.1 + 27.2 + 24.1
24.1
.100% = 23,76 (%)
%mMg =
23.1 + 27.2 + 24.1
%mAl = 53,47%
Cu 4

0,5

0,5
0,5

0,5

4
Pthh: R2S + 2O2
RO + 2HCl
nR2S= 1,6/(2R+ 32);
6,4.36,5
mdd HCl=
x
(2 R + 32)

2RO + SO2
RCl2 + H2O
nRO= 3,2/ (2R+ 32); nHCl= 6,4/ (2R+ 32); nRCl2= 3,2/(2R+ 32)
100
800
=
29,2 (2 R + 32)
851,2 + 3,2 R
mdd sau p= mRO + mdd HCl=
(2 R + 32)
3,2( R + 71) 851,2 + 3,2 R
C%RCl2= (
:
)x100% = 40,9%
(2 R + 32)
(2 R + 32)
=> R= 64 => R l kim loi Cu
Lm lnh dung dch, c 1,71g mui kt tinh
=> mdd sau lm lnh= mdd sau p 1,71= 6,6- 1,71= 4,89g
3,2(64 + 71)
= 2,7g
mCuCl2 trc lm lnh=
2.64 + 32
27,6.4,89
mCuCl2 sau lm lnh =
= 1,35g
100
mCuCl2 kt tinh= 2,7-1,35 = 1,35g => nCuCl2 kt tinh= 0,01 mol
mH2O kt tinh= 1,71- 1,35= 0,36g => nH2O kt tinh = 0,02 mol
=> Cng thc mui kt tinh l CuCl2.2H2O
Ghi ch : - Th sinh lm cch khc nhng ng kt qu vn cho im ti a,
- Phng trnh ha hc ghi thiu iu kin tr i s im.

0,5

1,5

0,5

0,5