1

1920

<100 knots<3000 feet

<200 miles


19201940

<150 knots<5000 feet

<600 miles



(VFR)

(IFR)

(Mean Sea
Level, MSL)

(range)
(speed)
(payload)


(navigation)(communication)

(propulsion)
(operation)
(availability)
(maintainability)



(Stand Alone)

B-757


(Synchro)
1:1(<3 m)
(
)

B-737


B-7474

(clock)



(Data Bus)

B-747

A340


1980B-7472

1985
10
3()
4()

1937
1505005000


1980

50050004


B-747


1980


1995GPS

Internet

CNS
CNS
C

N
S

CNS
CNS
CHF VHF UHF

NVOR
FIX
S

CNS
CNS
CHF VHF SATCOM

NGNSSWAAS LAAS

S(ADS)

ULA


(Integrated Module Avionics,
IMA)
IMA
(Line Replaceable Unit, LRU)
(VLSI)
(Data Bus)

ULA

GA

GA

BA

AT

(Integrated Module
Avionics, IMA)
(On-Line Built-in Test, BIT)