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FOR THE POWER,
PETROCHEMICAL AND
VOLUME 28
JANUARY 2000
Volume 25
CAESAR II Receives TD12 Approval
by Transco
On November 30, 1999, following a long and rigorous validation process,
the Stress Analysis Workgroup of Transco officially approved CAESAR II
for use on projects requiring the IGE/TD/12 piping code, Pipework
Stress Analysis for Gas Industry Plant. Transco is the Gas Transportation
arm of the British Gas Group. CAESAR II thus becomes the first and
only commercially available pipe stress analysis program so accepted by
Transco. Note that only CAESAR II Version 4.10 Build 991201
(December 1, 1999) and later is covered by this acceptance.
ATTENTION:
Users of Green External Software Locks!
All new COADE products released after July 2000 will no longer support
the old SSI (Software Security, Inc.) ESLs since this company is no longer
in business. Any users who are current on their maintenance and are now
using one of these ESLs (identified by their green color) should contact
COADE to arrange for a replacement ESL.
All COADE products released after January 2000 will remind any users
who still have green ESLs of this situation. Please contact COADE as per
the instruction on the screen so that this transition can be accomplished with
a minimum of effort.
RELATED INDUSTRIES
IN THIS ISSUE:
Hydrodynamic
Loading of
Piping Systems
Layouts in
AutoCAD 2000 &
CADWorx/PIPE
2
2
3
3
Program Specifications
CAESAR II Notices ......................................
TANK Notices ...............................................
CODECALC Notices ....................................
PVElite Notices ............................................
18
19
19
20
January 2000
The PCF interface was actually first distributed in the 990617 build
of Version 4.10. We dont normally include new capabilities or
features in intermediate builds, but we felt this one was worth
distributing before the next major release. The PCF interface reads
a PCF neutral file and creates a CAESAR II model. Any CAD
package which can create a PCF file, can be used to create
CAESAR II piping geometries.
PVElite Version 3.60 will be ready to ship before the end of 1999.
A number of new capabilities have been added for this version, in
addition to the ASME code updates. These new features are listed
in the table below.
January 2000
C O D E C A L C V er sio n 6 .2 0 F ea tu r es
A -9 9 ad d en d a ch an ges ha ve b e en in co rp o ra ted , inc lud in g the h igh er a llo w a b le stresse s
fo r D iv . 1
T he p re 9 9 ad d en d a is a va ilab le a s a n o p tio n (u se s th e 9 8 ad d e nd a m a terial d a tab a se,
etc.)
R eq u ired flan ge th ick ne ss ca lcu latio n s b a se d o n R igid ity co n sid eratio ns
T E M A E ighth ed itio n cha ng es are inc lud e d
C o d e C ase 2 2 6 0 has b ee n ad d ed
T he C o d e C a lc U se r in terfac e ha s b e en re-w ritten a nd n o w h as lo w er m e m o ry
req u irem en ts
C alc ula tio ns p er W R C 2 9 7 ha ve b e en a d d ed
A p p e nd ix Y c alc ula tio ns are no w a lso in clu d ed
T he m ate rial d ata b a se e d ito r ca n se lec t m a terials fro m th e d ata b ase fo r ed iting
p u rp o se s
T he E S L w ill auto m a tica lly b e up d a ted fo r cu rre nt users (o b v iating the nee d fo r th e
p h o ne c all)
T hic k W a lled C ylind e r an d S p he re eq u atio n s are im p le m ente d p er A p p en d ix 1
T he o u tp ut p ro c esso r ha s b e en re-w o rke d an d strea m line d
January 2000
Assuming the following parameters:
Sway Brace Spring Rate = 150 lb./in.
Sway Brace Initial Loading = 150 lb.
Sway Brace Allowed Movement in Either Direction = 3.0 in.
Sway Brace Line of Action = X-axis
Sway Brace Location = Node 10
Restraints:
Node: Sway Brace Node
Type: X2
K1:
Node: Sway Brace Node
Type: X
Stiff:
CNode:
K2:
150 lb./in.
F:
150 lb.
CNode:
Gap: 3.0 in.
Figure 1
Sway brace in neutral position
(pre-load is prepared to resist movement)
Figure 2
Sway brace opposing compression force
(movement occurs after pre-load is overcome)
Figure 3
Sway brace opposing tension force
(movement occurs after pre-load is overcome)
Manufacturers typically recommend a specific size sway brace for a
given pipe nominal diameter. A more accurate sway brace selection
is possible when the exact restraining force required to control the
piping vibration is known. The energy necessary to control the
piping is proportional to the mass, amplitude of movement, and the
force causing the vibration. From this relation the exact restraining
force required to control the piping vibration may be calculated and
an appropriate sway brace size selected. Once selected, the sway
brace may be modeled in CAESAR II using a combination of a bilinear restraint and a translational restraint:
Preliminary Step
Run analysis on the system without the sway brace to obtain
the displacements from cold to operating condition. For the
sake of this example, let's assume the CAESAR II calculated
displacement from cold to operating position is 0.5 in.
January 2000
CNode: 101
K2:
150 lb./in.
F:
150 lb.
CNode: 101
Gap: 3.0 in.
Displacements:
Node: 101
DX2: 0.5 in.
In the SUS case the displacement D2 (vector 2) represents the preload in cold position. Under shutdown conditions, the pipe returns
to its cold position and the brace exerts a force as previously
described.
Sustained case restraint loads on sway brace = Pre-Load + Hot
Deflection * Spring Rate
In OPE the displacement allows thermal expansion and the sway
assumes neutral position exerting zero or negligible load on the
pipe.
Operating case restraint loads on sway brace =~ 0.0 (does not
restrain thermal expansion)
Engineers and designers in search of solutions to vibration problems
readily recognize the importance and functions of the sway brace.
The assembly is easy to handle, select and adjust, and now, easy to
model in CAESAR II.
Hydrodynamic Loading of
Piping Systems
By: Richard Ay
January 2000
January 2000
F = 1/2 * * Cd * D * U * |U| +
Cd
D
U
Cm
A
where
/4 * * Cm * D2 * A
Cl
D
U
where
The buoyancy force acts upward, and is equal to the weight of the
fluid volume displaced by the element. The buoyancy effect is
automatically included in all load cases which include weight.
Once the force on a particular element is available, it is placed in the
system load vector just as any other load is. A standard solution is
performed on the system of equations which describe the piping
system. (The piping system can be described by the standard finite
element equation:
[K] {x} = {f}
where
[K]
{x}
{f}
g
T
D
L
Once the wave length (L) is known, the other wave particulars of
interest may be easily determined. The parameters determined and
used by CAESAR II are: the horizontal and vertical particle
velocities ( UX and UY ), the horizontal and vertical particle
acceleration ( AX and AY ), and the surface elevation (ETA) above
(or below) the mean water level. The equations for these parameters
can be found in any standard text (such as those listed at the end of
this section) which discusses ocean wave theories, and therefore
will not be repeated here.
STOKES Wave Theory Implementation
The Stokes wave is a 5th order gravity wave, and hence non-linear
in nature. The solution technique employed by CAESAR II is
described in a paper published by Skjelbreia and Hendrickson of
the National Engineering Science Company of Pasadena California,
in 1960. The standard formulation as well as a modified formulation
(to the free surface) are available in CAESAR II.
The solution follows a procedure very similar to that used in the
Airy wave; characteristic parameters of the wave are determined by
using Newton-Raphson iteration, followed by the determination of
the water particle values of interest.
Except for the buoyancy force, all other hydrodynamic forces acting
on the element are a function of the particle velocities and
accelerations.
January 2000
In actuality, these coefficients are a function of the fluid particle
velocity, which varies over the water column. In general practice,
two dimensionless parameters are computed which are used to
obtain the Cd, Cm, and Cl values from published charts. The first
dimensionless parameter is the Keulegan-Carpenter Number, K. K
is defined as:
K = Um * T / D
where: Um
T
D
Ocean Currents
where
In addition to the forces imposed by ocean waves, piping elements
may also be subjected to forces imposed by ocean currents. There
are three different ocean current models in CAESAR II; linear,
piece-wise, and a power law profile.
The linear current profile assumes that the current velocity through
the water column varies linearly from the specified surface velocity
(at the surface) to zero (at the bottom). The piece-wise linear
profile employs linear interpolation between specific depth/
velocity points specified by the user. The power law profile
decays the surface velocity to the 1/7 power.
While waves produce unsteady flow, where the particle velocities
and accelerations at a point constantly change, current produces a
steady, non-varying flow.
Technical Notes on CAESAR II Hydrodynamic Loading
The input parameters necessary to define the fluid loading are
described in detail in the next section. The basic parameters
describe the wave height and period, and the current velocity. The
most difficult to obtain, and also the most important parameters, are
the drag, inertia, and lift coefficients, Cd, Cm, and Cl. Based on the
recommendations of API RP2A and DNV (Det Norske Veritas),
values for Cd range from 0.6 to 1.2, values for Cm range from 1.5 to
2.0. Values for Cl show a wide range of scatter, but the approximate
mean value is 0.7.
The inertia coefficient Cm is equal to one plus the added mass
coefficient Ca. This added mass value accounts for the mass of the
fluid assumed to be entrained with the piping element.
Um
D
Once K and Re are available, charts are used to obtain Cd, Cm, and
Cl. (See Mechanics of Wave Forces on Offshore Structures by T.
Sarpkaya, Figures 3.21, 3.22, and 3.25 for example charts, which
are shown in the figures below.)
January 2000
- is equal to z / (d + )
January 2000
10
January 2000
1
lb
s 2 mi 5280 ft hr
Constant = 2 0.0765 cu ft 32.2 ft hr mi 3600s = 0.00256
The constant that uses the value of 0.0765, reflects the mass density
of air at standard atmospheric pressure and a temperature of 59
degrees F. This constant is used in the following equation of qz,
which is the wind pressure at an arbitrary elevation (z). qz is
expressed by the following equation:
qz = 0.00256(Kz)(Kzt)(V2)(I) units: Pound per square foot (psf)
Where Kz
Kzt
V
I
alpha
Zg(ft)
A
B
C
D
5.0
7.0
9.5
11.5
1500
1200
900
700
Now that we are familiar with all of the terms needed to compute qz,
lets look at a sample calculation.
Given: Exposure C, V = 100 mph, I = 1.15, z = 50 ft.
From the table alpha is 9.5 and zg is 900 ft. Consequently kz =
2.01*(50/900) 2/9.5. kz is therefore equal to 1.098. qz =
0.00256(1.0938)(1)(100 * 100)(1.15). Thusly at an elevation of 50
feet the computed wind pressure is 32.2 lbs/sq ft. Once the wind
pressure at the target elevation has been computed the relation
Force = pressure * area is used to determine a single concentrated
force F at this elevation.
PVElite uses this methodology to compute loads at the wind centroid
of each element (shell course). There are two more terms that are
involved in the final computation of the force. These terms are the
Gust Response Factor and the shape factor. Vertical pressure
vessels are typically round and smooth and have a shape factor of
0.6 to 0.8. The other term is the gust response factor G. The gust
response factor accounts for the fact that the wind gusts or speeds
up periodically. This factor is a computed constant for the entire
structure and depends on its dynamic sensitivity. Gust effect factors
are discussed in paragraph 6.6 of ASCE 95.
After the wind pressure at each elevation has been computed, the
area of each element must also be computed. The wind pressure
times the area results in a force at elevation z. This force times a
distance to the support point results in a bending moment. The
stress on the cross section due to this moment should also be
investigated.
The following sample shows a PVElite sample model with a wind
loading and shear and bending report.
11
January 2000
PVElite 3.5
Licensee: COADE, Inc.
FileName : WindLoad
Page 1
Wind Load Calculation
STEP:
8
9:42a Nov 2,1999
Once the moments have been resolved at each point of interest, the
stress on that cross section can be obtained by using the standard
stress equation; stress = Moment * Fiber Distance / (Moment of
Inertia). These stresses are added algebraically to other longitudinal
stresses to obtain the total stress on both the tensile and compressive
side of the vessel. These resulting stresses can then be compared to
appropriate allowables.
1.150
0.979
0.0100
0.601
100.0
mile/hr
ASCE 93
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wind
Diameter
ft.
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wind
Area
sq.in.
7056.00
352.800
14112.0
14112.0
14112.0
14112.0
14112.0
2277.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Height
Factor
psf
24.9911
24.9911
24.9911
26.6210
28.9681
30.7633
32.2346
33.0092
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Element
Wind Load
lb.
720.260
36.0130
1440.52
1534.47
1669.75
1773.23
1858.04
307.007
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
PVElite 3.5
Licensee: COADE, Inc.
FileName : WindLoad
Page 1
Wind/Earthquake Shear, Bending
STEP:
10
9:42a Nov 2,1999
Wind
Bending
ft.lb.
280342.
235446.
233296.
154668.
90915.6
43184.0
12667.4
307.141
| Earthquake |
|
Bending |
|
ft.lb. |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
|
0.00000 |
12
Analyzing our tower model under the older code with the same
parameters produces the following results:
PVElite 3.5
Licensee: COADE, Inc.
FileName : WindLoad
Page 1
Wind Load Calculation
STEP:
8
9:24a Nov 8,1999
Notice that in this report the wind height is the value z used in the
above formulas. The element wind load is multiplied by the wind
height to determine the moment at the base and at the bottom of
each section of the vessel. Also note that the wind pressure increases
as a function of the wind height as one would expect. The following
report illustrates the wind shear and bending for all of the elements.
Shear, Bending
| Cummulative| Earthquake |
| Wind Shear|
Shear |
|
lb. |
lb. |
|
9339.29 |
0.00000 |
|
8619.03 |
0.00000 |
|
8583.02 |
0.00000 |
|
7142.50 |
0.00000 |
|
5608.03 |
0.00000 |
|
3938.28 |
0.00000 |
|
2165.05 |
0.00000 |
|
307.007 |
0.00000 |
First of all the basic equation for the wind pressure qz is different.
In the 93 edition it is as follows:
Wind/Earthquake
|
| Elevation
From| To | of To Node
|
|
ft.
10| 20|
2.50000
20| 30|
5.12500
30| 40|
10.2500
40| 50|
20.2500
50| 60|
30.2500
60| 70|
40.2500
70| 80|
50.2500
80| 90|
55.3750
1.150
1.217
0.601
100.0
mile/hr
January 2000
Wind
Height
ft.
2.50000
5.12500
10.2500
20.2500
30.2500
40.2500
50.2500
56.2504
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wind
Diameter
ft.
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
9.80000
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wind
Area
sq.in.
7056.00
352.800
14112.0
14112.0
14112.0
14112.0
14112.0
2277.03
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Height
Factor
psf
27.1152
27.1152
27.1152
29.5427
33.1322
35.9493
38.3023
39.5569
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Element
Wind Load
lb.
971.392
48.5696
1942.78
2116.72
2373.90
2575.75
3177.61
457.313
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
13
14
January 2000
can continue. If a plotter configuration is not set up, go to the tab
named Plot Device and under the plotter configuration, pick the
plotter named None. Then pick the Plot Settings tab and pick
the paper size desired. If you have a plotter already set up, use it.
There are some very useful and needed features in the new plotting
menu in AutoCAD 2000. Autodesk supplied some needed audio
clips that help in the setup of a plotter and it is our suggestion to
view and listen to these clips for all the new details involved with
this new plotting method. In the Options dialog, under the tab
named Display, there is a toggle that allows the automatic creation
of
an
Mview
whenever a layout is
created. We found
that this automatically
created Mview was
usually deleted to
make room for ones
that are really needed;
therefore we toggled
it off in our
configuration.
Prior to making an
Mview, it was easier
to choose the view
desired
from
Modelspace. This is
accomplished with
the AutoCAD View
command
and
choosing one of the
preset views from the
Orthographic and
Isometric View tab.
If you need to clip the
view, wait till the
Mview is created.
Then use the AutoCAD 3DCLIP command or CADWorx/PIPE
VIEWCLIP command (note, the AutoCAD 3DCLIP command will
take some time for it to rotate the view in the clipping viewer if it is
a relatively large model).
Create an Mview that shows the desired part of the piping plan
needed in the first layout. This is real easy. Run the Mview
command and cut a hole in the Paperspace of any size. When this is
done the whole model immediately shows up in the Mview. Then
from the CADWorx/PIPE pulldown menu, chose the Utility
pulldown and notice that the Zoom Factors item on the menu is
accessible. Here, zooming to any scale is accommodated. Pick a
scale and then pick the focal or center point within the desired
piping plan. Note that an Mview must be active for this command
to work properly (toggle the Paper button on the status line to
Model). Now, readjustment of the Mview might be required.
Toggle the Model button on the status line to Paper and then grip
January 2000
the Mview (the hole in the paper) and stretch it as required. This
hole in the paper (Mview) is just like another AutoCAD entity. The
layer can be changed and it can be turned off in the Layer dialog
(move it or create it on the VIEWL layer this is the purpose of this
layer).
Use the SETUP command within CADWorx/PIPE for setting up a
border. Run the setup command and then chose the Border button
on the main dialog. Here options are available for placing the
border in Paperspace and choosing the correct border. As with
most of CADWorx/
PIPE, customizing
the borders or adding
a new border is
always possible.
Renaming
the
Layout1 tab at the
bottom of the
AutoCAD screen will
be required to
indicate what all the
different layouts will
be. Right click on
the tab and presented
are options for
renaming, deleting,
creating new layouts,
etc. Plan 0.0-10.0
would be appropriate
for the first layout
created above which
might show a plan
from the 0 level to
the 10 level. Others
might need North
Elevation, Sections
A-E. Others might be 3D isometrics field assembly drawings like
Assembly Southeast. Imagine that, an assembly view from the
southeast. You cannot easily create that with a 2D drawing.
To make a section, go to the model and choose the correct view that
the section needs to appear in. Next place the UCS location on the
point where the section needs to take place. It might be easier to
change the viewpoint with one of the isometric views listed above in
the AutoCAD VIEW command dialog. Use the CADWorx/PIPE
point and shoot UCS feature to place the UCS at the desired
location and make sure the X-Y plane of the UCS is actually the
plane needed for the section. Next create or go to the layout that
this section needs to appear. Cut an Mview and follow the procedure
for scaling and positioning as outline above. Do not move the UCS
once positioned in the model. Then, once the total view has been
created, run the CADWorx/PIPE VIEWCLIP command and clip
the view in the Mview (do this while in the Mview). This command
15
16
January 2000
routines are used in an active Mview. The routines were designed
to operate just like the dimensioning where the size of the text is
automatically set according to the view port size.
Plotting is now as simple as opening a layout and picking the print
button. There is a really neat preview button now inside of AutoCAD
2000 that allows you to look at any plot prior to actual plotting.
Also there is a setvar, HIDEPRECISION, which will improve the
actual plotted images greatly. This setvar increases the precision
used by the hiding algorithm inside of AutoCAD and helps plots
that have problems
such as pipe outlines
not appearing. We
have also noticed
that when a piping
design layout is at a
very high elevation,
this problem seems
to increase. We
advise not to union
nozzle to vessel and
equipment until the
job is finished. This
way the user can
move or re-orient the
nozzle at will.
Although, when they
have not been
unioned with the
equipment, plotting
looks incorrect. We
suggest doing this
union toward the end
of
the
job.
Equipment is the
perfect example of
Xrefs (place each
piece of equipment in a drawing of its own then Xref it into the
layout or plan).
There are a couple of commands that need to be mentioned here.
The SOLPROF command is excellent for creating profiles of 3D
solids. This can be used for equipment creation and also piping
systems that might roll out of plane. This will create a perfect 2D
block of the solids profile. This command can only be used while
in an Mview. The other commands that can be used to make flat 2D
drawings from the 3D models are the Drawing Exchange Binary
format (DXB) and the Window metafile (WMF) format. The DXB
format can be accessed from the plotting dialog and can plot the
model from Paperspace or Modelspace. The DXBIN command can
then import the DXB file into the drawing as a flat 2D drawing. The
WMF format is good for selecting item from the Modelspace only.
When re-imported, it comes back as a block that will require scaling
by the user.
January 2000
There are some issues with this method of 3D modeling that are a
little aggravating. There are some things that dont work or appear
correctly according to the standards we used to produce 2D drawings.
Ball and globe valves dont appear correctly. Centerlines disappear
into the solid of a component. There is not a good way of breaking
a pipe over another system with pipe breaks as we did in a 2D
environment. But there are ways around these problems. The
problem with ball and globe valves is they both look the same.
However, you can place a circle in Paperspace over the globe valve
then place a solid hatch within the circle. Breaking pipe over
another system might not be needed since that system below can be
clipped out and shown somewhere else. Its not like having to
redraw it. Its all part of the model. The centerline problem is one
that we dont have a solution for. Losing centerlines versus getting
a model that automatically updates all the drawings would be well
worth it to me.
The next generation of CADWorx/PIPE will handle the problems
as mentioned above. The components in our next generation system
will allow centerline viewing. Breaking will be allowed on pipe
type components and globe valve when viewed in a plan or elevation
will appear as they have for the last 100 years. When the view is
changed back to 3D, things will look as they are in our present
CADWorx/PIPE. Hopefully completed within the next year, this
system will truly leap beyond the traditional 2D drafting techniques
and give us a tool where there will be no comparison.
This value is the maximum bytes you can lock for I/O
operations. A value of 0 defaults to 512KB. Raise this value
by 512KB increments (enter 512, 1024, etc.), then exit
regedit and benchmark your system after each adjustment.
When an increase does not give you a significant performance
boost, go back and undo the last increment.
Caution: There is a limit to this. Do not set this value (in
bytes) beyond the number of megabytes of RAM times 128.
That is, if you have 16 MB RAM, do not set IoPageLockLimit
over 2048 bytes; for 32MB RAM, do not exceed 4096
bytes, and so on.
5.
Click OK.
6.
Unless you do little I/O, this should give you a significant boost in
performance.
Q: My machine has a constant connection to the internet. Is my
machine secure?
A: Check out the link http://www.grc.com/, which will load a web
page designed to test the security of your computer. (Click on the
ShieldsUp icon.) This web site contains all the details you need
to check out the security of your system, including explanations of
security details. A related article can be found on Ziff Daviss site
at http://cgi.zdnet.com/slink?10862:1590013
Basically, you dont want to bind TCP/IP to Microsoft Networking
Protocols (NetBIOS or NetBEUI). If binding occurs, this opens up
the local ports to perusal via TCP/IP, which is a security breach. On
Windows NT systems, you can check and disable this binding by
right clicking on Network Neighborhood and selecting
Properties. Next click on the Bindings tab, and finally click on
the NetBIOS interface. Insure the WINS Client is disabled.
You can disable this by highlighting this option and using the
buttons at the bottom, as shown in the figure below.
First, benchmark your common tasks. See how long it takes to load
and save large files, how long it takes to search a database or run a
common program; just do your normal tasks, timing them to record
how fast they are. Then follow these steps:
1.
2.
Move to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM
\CurrentControlSet\Control\Session Manager\Memory
Management
3.
4.
17
January 2000
Corrected the acquisition of allowable stress data for the TD/
12 piping code
Corrected a problem where inserting an element at the start
of a job lost the data for the first element. Corrected in the
990617 build.
Corrected a problem with the input echo which occurred when
the data path exceeded 64 characters. Corrected in the 991201
build.
2) Analysis Setup Module: Corrected the static load case check
routine which prevented algebraic load cases greater than 20.
Corrected the fatigue stress identifier for TD/12 cases when
recommended by the software.
Corrected the dynamic input module to properly interpret
input specified in exponential notation. Corrected in the
991201 build.
3) Miscellaneous Analysis Module: Corrected the pass/fail status
in the expansion joint rating module on failures. This problem
was corrected in the 991201 build.
CAESAR II Notices
Listed below are those errors & omissions in the CAESAR II
program that have been identified since the last newsletter. These
corrections are available for download from our WEB site. Unless
otherwise stated, all of these changes and corrections are contained
in the 990918 build.
18
January 2000
TANK Notices
Listed below are those errors & omissions in the TANK program
that have been identified since the last newsletter. These corrections
are available for download from our WEB site. Unless otherwise
stated, all of these changes and corrections are contained in the
990811 build.
1) Input Module: Corrected the acquisition of stainless steel
allowables from the material data base when using non-English
units.
CODECALC Notices
Listed below are those errors & omissions in the CODECALC
program that have been identified since the last newsletter. These
corrections are available for download from our WEB site.
1) In WRC 297, there were a few unit conversion problems in the
results and an import function units conversion error when the
units were not English. Also a curve interpolation problem was
corrected. Also a check box for the use of ASME Section VIII
Division 2 stress indices was added. To maintain compatibility
with previous results, this box must be checked. The default
setting is not checked.
2) For the ASME fixed tubesheet, the factor J was not properly
computed when there was no expansion joint. This was an
unconservative error. This problem has been resolved.
3) Some other fixes/enhancements were made to the U-tube required
thickness calculation when the elastic/plastic iteration was being
performed.
4) In the flange routine, circular blind flanges were being treated as
non-circular resulting in a higher than required thickness.
5) The conical discontinuity stress calculations were slightly
modified. The new results may vary slightly with the previous
results, depending on the input and the magnitude of the forces
on the top and bottom of the cone.
19
January 2000
PVElite Notices
Listed below are those errors & omissions in the PVElite program
that have been identified since the last newsletter. These corrections
are available for download from our web site.
1) The vortex shedding routines were obtaining results that were
extremely conservative due to a units conversion error. This
problem has been corrected.
2) The conical discontinuity stress calculations were slightly
modified. The new results may vary slightly with the previous
results, depending on the input and the magnitude of the forces
and moments on the top and bottom of the cone.
3) The BS-5500 head thickness routine failed to obtain the correct
result in one known case. The routine was re-written to solve the
problem. Also the MAWP computation for heads was reworked
at the same time and now gives correct results. This problem
occurred on elliptical and torispherical heads. Also, some of the
nomenclature was updated in the BS-5500 nozzle analysis and
some conservative error checks were resolved.
4) There was an error in the CodeCase 2260/2261 calculations for
some geometries that caused the thickness to be more conservative
than the regular ASME equations.
5) The thickness limit for hub type nozzles using Division 1 was
conservative in some cases. This problem has been fixed.
Tel: 281-890-4566
Fax: 281-890-3301
Web: www.coade.com
E-Mail: query@coade.com