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The Doctrine of The Incarnation in Scottish Theology: Edw Ard Irving
The Doctrine of The Incarnation in Scottish Theology: Edw Ard Irving
IN SCOTTISH THEOLOGY:
EDWARD IRVING
DONALD MACLEOD, EDINBURGH
Critical Response
The early response to lrving was almost entirely critical. Marcus
Dods (The Incarnation of the Word, London, 1831; 2 1845) ignored
lrving's protestations of belief in the sinlessness of Jesus and accused
him of Manichaeism, Nestorianism and logical confusion. Forty years
later A.B. Bruce (The Humiliation of Christ, Edinburgh, 1876, pp.
269ff.) still accepted the church's judgement unquestioningly. Bruce
pointed out the antecedents of lrving's teaching in the Spanish
Adoptionists of the eighth century and the preaching of Gottfried
Menken of Bremen in the nineteenth (although there is no evidence
that Irving had any direct contact with either of these sources), and
went on to charge him with rhetorical inexactitude and with
confusing sinless infirmities with vices. He also subjected lrving's
view of temptation to a rigorous critique, pointing out that even a
sinless person can be tempted, since temptation can come not only
from lust but from its opposite - for example, from a holy shrinking
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Untenable Defences
It is argued, for example, that the idea that Christ took fallen
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