ANALYSIS OF SIMPLE SALTS

Systematic Analysis Of Acid Radicals

Salt + dil. HCl
Salt + dil. H2SO4
Salt + conc. H2SO4 Boil

Brisk Effervescence of colourless, odourless gas

Smell of Vinegar
Colourless fuming gas with pungent smell which
gives dense fumes with NH4OH or Ammonia
Reddish Brown gas on prolonged heating
More Brown Fumes
White precipitate

Paperball is added
Salt + dil. HCl + BaCl2

Carbonate
Acetate
Chloride (Cl-)
NO3- maybe present
HNO3 is quickly reduced to NO2
SO42- maybe present

Confirmatory Tests for Acid Radicals

Salt +H2O + Neutral Ferric Chloride (Boiled)
Salt + dil. HNO3 + AgNO3
Salt + dil. H2SO4 Remove PPTClear Soln + FeSO4 +Conc. H2SO4 through sides
Salt + BaCl2 PPT ; PPT +conc. HCl
Salt + water + Lead Acetate

Red Solution (Turns Reddish Brown on Boiling)

White Cheesy Precipitate
Brown Ring b/w the 2 Layers
PPT is insoluble
White precipitate

Systematic Analysis Of Basic Radicals

Stock + Na2CO3
Stock + dil. HCl
Stock + dil. HCl + H2S
Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH

Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + H2S

Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + (NH4)2CO3
Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Di Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate
NH4+

No PPT
White PPT
A PPT is Formed
Thin White Gelatinous PPT
Pale Green PPT
Reddish Brown PPT
Flesh Coloured PPT
Dull Thick PPT
White PPT
White Crystalline PPT

Confirmatory Tests for Basic Radicals

Stock + NaOH (Warmed)

2ml Nesselers Reagent + Stock
Pb2+ Stock + Acetic Acid + Potassium Chromate
Stock + KI (Boiled with Water)
3+
Al Stock + NaOH (in drops till excess)[+ NH4Cl]{Ash Test}
Mn2+ Stock + NaOH(in drops till excess)
1 Drop Stock + 1pinch PbO2 + 1ml conc. HNO3 (boiled , cooled, diluted with water)
Zn2+ Stock + NaOH (In drop till excess)
Stock + Acetic Acid + Potassium Ferro Cyanide (Ash Test)
Ba2+ Stock + Acetic Acid + K2Cr2O7 (Flame Test)
Ca2+ Stock + NH4Cl + NH4OH + Ammonium Oxalate (Flame Test)
Mg2+ Stock + Magneson Reagent (Ash Test)

Smell Of NH3
Reddish Brown PPT
Yellow PPT
Yellow PPT (PPT dissolves in Hot Water)
White PPT(dissolves)[White Gelatinous PPT]{Blue}
Pale Brown PPT Dark Brown on Exposure to air
White PPT (Dissolves in Excess NaOH)
White PPT (Green Ash)
Yellow PPT (Pale Green Flame)
White PPT (Brick Red Flame)
Blue PPT (Pink Ash)

Acetate is Confirmed
Chloride is Confirmed
Nitrate is Confirmed
SO42- is Confirmed
NH4+ Maybe Present
Pb2+ Maybe Present
Maybe Cu2+, Cd2+ or As2+
Al3+
Fe2+
Fe3+
Mn2+
Zn2+
Ba2+, Sr2+ or Ca2+
Mg2+
NH4+ is Present
NH4+ is Confirmed
Pb2+ is Confirmed
Al3+ is Confirmed

Zn2+ is Confirmed
Ba2+ is Confirmed
Ca2+ is Confirmed
Mg2+ is Confirmed