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116 Algebra Problems
116 Algebra Problems
Contents
Function Equation Problems3
Inequality Problems.10
Polynomial Problems16
Other Problems19
Solution to the Problems..22
2)
3)
() = ()() +
(, {1})
() = 2()
() = 3()
7() = 3() + 2
( )
( )
( )
+ + ( + ) = 2() + 2()
(, )
( + () + ) = + () + 2()
(, )
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)
( + () + 2) = + () + 2()
(, )
( + () + 2) = + () + 2()
(, )
(, )
12) Find all functions : + + such that, for all real numbers > > 0 :
1
( ) = () (). .
+ () = + () + ( + )
( + ()) = 2 + ( + )
(, )
(, + {0})
( + () + 2()) = + () + + ()
2 + 2() = + () + + ()
(, )
(, )
() + 2() = () + + () (, )
ii)
iii)
2 + () = ()2 + ()
(, )
( + )
() + () = 0
The number of the elements of the set { () = 0, } is finite.
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)
+ () + 2() = 2 + + ()
(, )
21) For all functions , , : such that is injective and is bijective satisfying () =
() ( ) , prove that () is bijective function.
(2 + 2()) = + () + 2
+()
2
+ = () +
+ () = () +
(, )
(, + {0})
(, + {0})
ii)
(, + {0})
The number of the elements of the set () = 0, + {0} is finite.
( + ) = () + ()
ii)
(, + {0})
The number of the elements of the set () = 0, + {0} is finite.
( + () + 2) = (2) + 2()
(, )
(() + ) = + ()
+
+
; () =
(, )
(() + ) = + ()
The set { () = , } has a finite number of elements.
(, , )
() + () + = + () + ()
+ + (2) = 2 () + () + 2()
+ + (2) = 2 () + () + 2()
(, , )
(, , + {0})
32) (IRAN TST 2010) Find all non-decreasing functions : + {0} + {0} such that:
+()
2
+ = 2 () + (())
( + () + 2) = 2 + (2())
( + () + 2) = 2 + 2(())
(, + {0})
(, + {0})
(, )
(, , + {0})
(, )
() = ()2 2() + ()
( )() + () = ( + )() ()
( )( + ) = ( )(() + ())
( )( + ) = ( + )( )
(, )
(, )
(, )
()2 . ( 2 )2 + (2).
{ , > 1}
42) (IRAN TST 2011) Find all bijective functions : such that:
(, )
( + () + ) = (2) + ()
+ () + 2() = 2() + + ()
(, + )
(, + {0})
(, + {0})
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)
(, + , , 2)
( 1) + ( + 1) < 2()
( 2 ) = (4). () +
( , 2)
(8)
(2)
Inequality Problems:
49) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 2 prove that :
4
+ 4
+ 4
1
+++1 +++1 +++1
50) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 6 prove that :
, , 3
( + )( + )
4
+
+
<
4 + 2 + 1 4 + 2 + 1 4 + 2 + 1 3
++
<
2 +2 + 2
+ + < + +
++
prove that:
54) For all real numbers , , such that 0 and + + < 0 prove that :
3 + 3 + 3 + 2 + 2 + 2 22 + 2 2 + 2 2
55) For all real numbers 0 < 1 < 2 < < 1390 <
10
prove that :
=1
=1
min{ 3 . 3 +1 , 3 +1 . 3 }
2
(+1 = 1 )
(2 ) (2 ) (2 ) 9
3
+
+
3 + + 3 + + 3 + + 5
60) For all positive real numbers such that = 1 prove that:
+
+
2 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3 2
61) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 1 prove that:
2 1
(
+
+
) +(
+
+
)
3
+ + +
+ + +
62) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 1 prove that:
1
1
1
1
+
+
+ + + 2
11
63) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = prove that:
1
64) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 3prove that:
1
1
1
+
+
1
2
2
++
++
+ + 2
+
+
6 + 3 + 1 6 + 3 + 1 6 + 3 + 1 2 + + 1 2 + + 1 2 + + 1
+
+
2
2
1++
1 + + 2
++ 1++
69) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + + + + = 10 prove that:
2
( + 1)
( + 1)
( + 1)
+
+
++
4
4
4
12
70) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + + + + = 10 prove that:
4 + + + + + 3
9
(
)(
)
( + )2
8
+
2 2
(
)(
)
(
)
( + )2
+
2
( 2
)(
) ( 2
)( 2
)
+ 2
+ 2 2 + 2
+ 2
2(
)( 2 ) ( ) ( )
+
( + 3)
1 + 1 2 + + 1
2
+
+ + 2
12 12 22
12
1
1
+ (2)!
1
2
+ + (1)1 < 2 +
1
2
+ + 1
13
77) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 1 prove that:
1
3
( + 2)( + 2)
78) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = 2 prove that:
1
3
1
( + + 1)(1 + + 3 )
79) For all positive real numbers , , such that + + = + + prove that:
1
min{
,
,
}
2
2
2
1+ 1+ 1+
2
min
1
,
,
1 + 1 + 1 +
2
= 3 (, ) prove
(, )
++
1
2
1
+ + +
20
20
21
21
+ (
21
21
( )
++
2
83) For all positive real numbers , , such that 2 + 2 + 2 = prove that:
+4
+4
+4
5
+
+
< 2.4
+6 +6 +6
14
84) Find minimum real number such that for all real numbers , , :
2(2 + 1)( 2 + 1) + 2 +
85) (IRAN TST 2011) Find minimum real number such that for all real numbers , , , :
(2 + 1)( 2 + 1)( 2 + 1) + 2( + + + + + )
2+
2
2
2
2
2
2 + 2 +
2 + 2 +
15
Polynomial Problems:
88) Find all polynomials () and () with real coefficients such that:
2010
( )
2 () + 2 () = (3 3 ). (). ()
(0, 3)
92) The polynomial () is preserved with real and positive coefficients. If the sum of its
coefficient's inverse equals 1, prove that :
4
(1). () ( )4
=0
93) The polynomial () is preserved with real and positive coefficients and with degrees of .
If the sum of its coefficient's inverse equals 1 prove that :
(4) + 1 2+1
94) The polynomial () is increasing and the polynomial ()is decreasing such that:
2() = () + ()
Show that there is 0 such that:
(0 ) = (0 ) = 0
16
95) Find all polynomials () such that for the increasing function : + {0} +
2() = () + () , (0) = 0
96) Find all polynomials () such that, for all non zero real numbers x,y,z that
1
1
1
1
+
=
() () ()
+ =
97) () is an even polynomial (() = ()) such that (0) 0 .If we can write () as a
multiplication of two polynomials with nonnegative coefficients, prove that those two
polynomials would be even too.
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)
( )
99) If for polynomials () and () that all their roots are real:
() = (())
Prove that there is polynomial () such that()() = ()2 .
101) For polynomials () and () with the degree of more than the degree of the
polynomial (), we have :
()
()
( { () 0, + })
()
()
Prove that: () = ().
17
102) The plain and desert which compete for breathing play the following game :
The desert choses 3 arbitrary numbers and the plain choses them as he wants as the
coefficients of the polynomial (( 2 + + )).If the two roots of this polynomial are
irrational, then the desert would be the winner, else the plain is the winner. Which one has
the win strategy?
(Proposed by Mohammad Jafari)
18
Other Problems
104)
105)
2
=
1 + 2
1 + 2
106)
(2 + )(2 ) = 3
107)
108)
19
109)
110)
111)
112)
113)
(2 + 1). ( 2 + 1). ( 2 + 1) =
81
8
(4 + 2 + 1). ( 4 + 2 + 1). ( 4 + 2 + 1) =
3
81
()2
8
1
1
1
+ + = 2( + )
1
1
1
+
=
2(
+
)
+
114)
+ =
+ +
20
, , +
, , +
115)
116)
+
+
=1
2
2
2 +
2 + 2
2 +
21