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TCVN 9167:2012
CNG TRNH THY LI - T MN - QUY TRNH RA MN
Hydraulic structure - Saline soil - Saline leaching process
Li ni u
TCVN 9167:2012 c chuyn i t 14TCN 53 - 1997 theo quy nh ti khon 1 iu 69 ca
Lut Tiu chun v Quy chun k thut v im a khon 1 iu 7 Ngh nh s 127/2007/N-CP
ngy 01/08/2007 ca Chnh ph quy nh chi tit thi hnh mt s iu ca Lut Tiu chun v
Quy chun k thut.
TCVN 9167:2012 do Vin Khoa hc Thy li Vit Nam bin son, B Nng nghip v Pht trin
nng thn ngh, Tng cc Tiu chun o lng Cht lng thm nh, B Khoa hc v Cng
ngh cng b.
CNG TRNH THY LI - T MN - QUY TRNH RA MN
Hydraulic structure - Saline soil - Saline leaching process
1. Phm vi p dng
1.1. Tiu chun ny quy nh yu cu k thut ra cc loi t mn vng ng bng ven bin
trng la.
1.2. Tiu chun ny c th p dng ra mn cho cc loi t mn trng cy cng nghip, cy
lng thc v cy thc phm khc.
2. Ti liu vin dn
Cc ti liu vin dn sau y l rt cn thit khi p dng tiu chun ny. i vi cc ti liu vin
dn ghi nm cng b th p dng bn c nu. i vi cc ti liu vin dn khng ghi nm
cng b th p dng phin bn mi nht, bao gm c cc bn sa i, b sung (nu c).
TCVN 8641:2011, Cng trnh thy li - K thut ti tiu nc cho cy lng thc v thc phm.
3. Thut ng v nh ngha
3.1. mn ca nc (salinity in water)
Nc c cha nng mui NaCl tan trong nc.
3.2. mn ca t (salinity in soil)
t c cha hm lng chua trao i (pHkcl) v tng s mui tan (TSMT) trong trng lng
t kh (TLK).
4. Phn loi t mn
4.1. Ch tiu phn loi t
Bng 1 - Phn loi t theo bn nng ha
Tn nhm loi
Loi t
1 - t rt mn
t mn
2 - t mn
t mn chua
3 - t rt mn chua
4 - t mn chua
5 - t rt chua mn
t chua mn
6 - t rt chua t mn
7 - t chua t mn
PHkcl nh hn 5,5
TSMT t 0,5 n di 1,0% TLK
PHkcl nh hn 4,5
TSMT t 0,5 n di 1,0% TLK
PHkcl nh hn 4,5
TSMT t 0,25 n di 0,5% TLK
PHkcl t 4,5 n 5,5
TSMT t 0,25 n di 0,5% TLK
n v
L
B
Loi t
Mn nhiu
Mn trung bnh
300
400
50
75
1 n 1,2
1 n 1,2
b1
0,3
0,4
b2
0,2
0,3
h1
0,4
0,4
h2
0,4
0,5
1 n 1,25
1 n 1,25
n v
Loi t
Mn nhiu
Mn trung bnh
300
400
75
100
0,8 n 1,0
0,8 n 1,0
0,3
0,4
0,4
0,4
0,75 n 1,00
0,75 n 1,00
K thut
lm t
Lm i
T chy
Lm
dm
Lm i
ng lc
Lm
dm
Mc ra
mi ln
Mc nc
tng ng
S ngy
ngm rung
(m3/ha)
(cm)
(ngy m)
Ng i
1500
15
3 n 5
La bn chn
700
3 n 5
u nhnh
600
3 n 5
La r
600
3 n 5
Cui ng ci
600
3 n 5
Cy ba v
1200
12
3 n 5
La bn chn
800
3 n 5
u nhnh
800
3 n 5
La r
600
3 n 5
Cui ng ci
600
3 n 5
Ng i
1500
15
3 n 5
La bn chn
800
5 n 7
u nhnh
600
5 n 7
La r
600
5 n 7
Cy ba v
1200
12
3 n 5
La bn chn
800
5 n 7
u nhnh
800
5 n 7
La r
700
5 n 7
Nhng thi k ra
mn
Bng 5 - Ch v ma
Bin php ra
T chy
Mc ra mi
ln
Mc nc
tng ng
S ngy ngm
rung
(m3/ha)
(cm)
(ngy m)
Cy ba v
1500
15
3 n 5
La bn chn
800
3 n 5
Nhng thi k
ra mn
ng lc
La nhnh
700
3 n 5
Cy ba v
1200
12
5 n 7
La bn chn
700
5 n 7
La nhnh
600
5 n 7
K thut
lm t
Lm i
T chy
Lm
dm
Lm i
ng lc
Lm
dm
Mc ra
mi ln
(m3/ha)
Mc nc
tng ng
(cm)
S ngy
ngm rung
Ng i
1200
15
3 n 5
La bn chn
600
3 n 5
u nhnh
600
3 n 5
La r
600
3 n 5
Cy ba v
1200
10
3 n 5
La bn chn
800
3 n 5
u nhnh
800
3 n 5
La r
600
3 n 5
Ng i
1200
12
3 n 5
La bn chn
700
5 n 7
La r
600
5 n 7
Cy ba v
1000
10
3 n 5
La bn chn
800
5 n 7
La r
700
5 n 7
Nhng thi k ra
mn
(ngy m)
Bng 7 - Ch ra v ma
Bin php ra
T chy
ng lc
K thut lm
t
Nhng thi k
ra mn
Mc ra mi
ln (m3/ha)
Mc nc
tng ng (cm)
Cy ba v
1000
10
3 n 5
La bn chn
500
3 n 5
La nhnh
500
3 n 5
Cy ba v
1000
10
5 n 7
La bn chn
500
5 n 7
Ph lc A
(Quy nh)
Hng dn thc hin tiu chun ra mn
A.1. T chc thc hin
Cn c vo hin trng t ai, ngun nc, bin php ti tiu.v.v cc c quan qun l v
khai thc cng trnh thy li c trch nhim lp v iu hnh k hoch ti tiu (trong c yu
cu ra mn) theo tng v ph hp lch trnh sn xut ca tng khu vc dng nc khp kn. K
hoch ny phi gi n cc c s sn xut trc thi v.
n v sn xut l cc n v dng nc nh: x, hp tc x phi hp vi cc c quan qun l
nc hng dn i thy nng v cc h nng dn thc hin tiu chun ra mn v ti tiu
theo k hoch chung ca vng, kin ngh nhng im pht sinh v hng dn bin php khc
phc.
A.2. Thc hin tiu chun ra mn ng b vi quy trnh sn xut trn ng rung
Tt c cc cng vic: lm t, ti tiu nc, gieo cy, lm c, bn phn, phng tr su
bnh.v.v phi to thnh mt quy trnh sn xut khp kn trn ng rung; phi b tr mt cch
hp l vic thc hin tiu chun ra mn vo lch trnh sn xut; khng lm nh hng n thi
v, thi gian chng cho, hn ch tc dng ca cc khu khc.
V d c th: Ra mn cho t mn nhiu, v Chim xun
+ Tng mc ra: 4000 m3/ha
+ S ln ra: 5 ln
+ K thut lm t: Phi i
Trnh t thc hin nh sau:
- Ra ln 1: Ng i, sau khi cy ba v, a nc vo rung t mc 15 cm, ngm t 3 n 5
ngy m ri tho b ht nc c, a nc mi vo dng rung. Bn lt phn chung, cy
ba k, bn m ln v gieo cy.
- Ra ln 2: Sau khi cy 10 n 15 ngy (thi k la bn chn). Lm c, sc bn t 1, sau
ly nc t bnh qun 7 cm, ngm t 3 n 5 ngy m, tho ht nc c ra, ly nc mi vo
dng la, bn thc t 1.
- Ra ln 3: Sau ra ln 2 t 10 n 15 ngy l thi k u nhnh, lm c sc bn t 2, ly
nc vo rung t bnh qun 6 cm, ngm t 3 n 5 ngy m, tho nc c, ly nc mi
vo dng la, bn thc t 2.
- Ra ln 4: Sau ra ln 3 t 10 n 15 ngy l thi k u r, lm c sc bn t 3, ly
nc bnh qun vo rung t mc bnh qun 6 cm, ngm t 3 n 5 ngy m, tho ht nc
c, ly nc mi vo dng la.
- Ra ln 5: Thay nc sau ln ra 4, l thi k la ng ci, ly nc vo rung t bnh qun
6 cm, ngm t 3 n 5 ngy m, tho ht nc c, ly nc mi vo dng la, bn n dng.
Phun thuc tr su vo sau cc ln ra.
A.3. Ra mn trong v ma
V ma thng ma bo bt thng, hay gy l lt; v vy k hoch phi ht sc linh hot theo
thi tit, tranh th ly nc ph sa vo cc ln ra; phi tn dng nc ma d mn, p
mn. Vic ngm nc ma ngm rung phi theo quy nh sau:
- thi k la bn chn c th cho php ngp mt na cy la khng qu 5 ngy m.
- thi k nhnh v ng ci c th cho php ngm mt na cy la khng qu 4 ngy m.
A.4. Ti dng la
Ngoi thi gian thc hin ra mn, vic ti dng la c tc dng hn ch ti nhim ca t
ai. Cc cng thc ti c p dng c th l:
a) i vi nhm la cy la thp:
- Giai on t cy n nhnh: ti nng 3 cm n 6 cm
- Ti su hm 10 cm n 15 cm trong 5 - 7 ngy - m
- T ng ci n chc xanh: ti va t 6 cm n 9 cm
b) i vi nhm la cy cao: