...

:
: .

, 2006

.

,
.

...


:

...1-6

-.....7-13

...14-15
......16-17
-.......17-20

.......20-27
.....28-3
...34-35

1. :
1.1.
.

(2347 ..),
( 6000
..) .
2
.
.
(3 .. ), (7 .. ),
(5 .. ), (5 .. )
(2 .. )
.

.
,
( )
,
. ,
, ,
.
30

.
, ,
.
,
, ,
( , ..)
.

.
3

.
,

.
19
, .
,
,
, ,
.

2 . ,

Ohanes . ,
,
, , , , ,
, , ,
.
,

1890
.
, ,
.
,
, ,
, ,
, ,
, ,

, , ,
.

.
, ,
,
,
.

1.2.
,

. 3
.. .
,
, ,
.

15-20%.

(, , , , ,
..) .

. ,

, .


.
(, , ,
, , ..) .
, ()
,

,
.

1.3.
Botrytis Michelis 1729.
.
Botrytis ,
.
Botrytis cinerea

.

.

. .

.
, , ,
,
. , , ,
.
Botrytis cinerea
(noble rot) ,
,
.
( )
. , : Sauternes
Bordeau , ,
.

.

(30-40%),
.
6

. ,
,
. , : Auslese,
Beerenauslese Trockenbeerenauslesse ,
Bordeau Tokay .

2. -
(,
,

).
.
,
.
, ,
.

1, 2 : (
).

, , ,
( )
. ,
.

, .

.
,
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, ,
.

. ,
,

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:

.

3 : ( ).

,
.
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,
, 1-2
,
.
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.
,
( , ..).
,
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,
.

4 : .
.

,
.
( 6,7)

5 : .

10

6: .

11

,
,
.


.
.
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7 :
( )

,

.
,
. ,
.
,
.

.
.

12

8 : .

, .
, ,
,

.

.
,

. ,

.

13

3. Botrytis
cinerea .

,

.
,
(, ,
..) ,
.
, Botrytis cinerea
:

,
( ).
,
. ,
,
. , .

9 : ( )

14

,

.

10 : ( )

, ,
, .


. , .

11 : (
)

15

, .
, .
,
,
,
.
, (
).

12 : (
)

,
,
, ,
.
.
.
,
.
16

,
. ,
.

--.
.

.



.
:
,
.

17

4.
Botrytis cinerea Moniliaceae
Moniliales .
, ,
, , -
.

13 : B. cinerea .

18

, 10-15x6-10 m. ,
, , ,
.
( ) Botryotinia
fuckeliana (. Sclerotinia fuckeliana) Helotiales
Sclerotiniaceae .
,
. .
B. cinerea
.
.

.
. ,
,
1,5-3 mm. , . 8
, 5-6x6-9 m.

5. -

. , ,
. ,
,

. ,

B. cinerea

19

14: Botrytis cinerea.

20

1 30 C. ,
( , , ,
...)
.

, .

.

.
()
. ()
,
.

.

,
, ,
.
(.. ),
, , ...

.

92%
. .
90%

. ,
, , ,
18 23 C ,
21

32 C .
.

6.

,
.
6.1.
, . ,
.
, ,
,
.

.

.

.

:
,
. ,
.

.

.
.
,
,

. ,
22

50 cm ,
.
.

,
. ,
(,
) .

.
,
.
.
, .
,
.
,

,
.
6.2.

.

:
. (,
, , ..) .
.
.
. , ,
, ,

.

23

:
( 60 70 % ).
.
.

.
,
.

:
,
chlorothalonil, captan, thiram.

.
.
, carbendazim,
thiophanate methyl. ,

14 .
, procymidone,
vinclozolin, iprodione, chlozolinate.

o
. ,
,
.
o , ( ),
,

.
24

.
6.3. .

B. cinerea. , ,

.
1960 Benomyl
,
.

. ,
.

. , ,

. ,

,
.

. ,
,
B. cinerea .

,
.

, .

.

25

, B. cinerea
. ,
,
.
,
.

,
. ,
.

.


.
6.4.

.
, , ,
. ,
, ,
.

,

. ,

.
,

, .

26

, ,
.
.

,
.
(, ..),
.
:
1.

2.

(, ..)

3.

,
, .
.
, .

Trichoderma harzianum,
Trichodex 20 WP
.
. ,

,
.
.
25 C.
15 .

().

.

27

.



,
,
.
6.5 .

, , ,
..

.
,


.
,
in vitro,
.
,

,
.
6.6 .


, ,
,
.

28

,
. ,
,
.


,
. ,
, , , .


.
, ,
, .



.

29

6.7.
1. .


.
2. .
1.
2.
3.
4. ,
.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9. (, , ..)
10.
6.8.
1.
,
, .
2.

()

(,
, ..)

30

6.9.


.

.

( )
. ,

- .
6.10.

:
) (
) ,
( )

)
)
)

.

31

7. :


:

captan
captan/carbendazim
carbendazim
chlorothalonil
cyprodinil/fludioxonil
fenhexamid
fluazinam
folpet
folpet/
()
iprodione
maneb/carbendazim
procymidone
pyrimethanil
thiophanate methyl
thiram
tolylfluanid
vinclozolin

32

Capitol 83 WP

captan
83%

Veterin

40

150
./100
lt

Captan- Arvesta
83 WP

captan
83%

Syngenta
Hellas

40

150
./100
lt

captan
83%

40

captan
83%

40

captan
50%

40

captan
83%

40

Geocaptan
83 WP

captan
83%

40

Mercap
83 WP

captan
83%

Agrology

40

Mercury
83 WP

captan
83%

40

Secap 83 WP

captan
83%

40

Vallicap
80 WG

captan
80%

40

Vallicap
83 WP

captan
83%

40

40

200-250
./100 lt

40

200-250
./100 lt

Captan
WP
Captan
83 WP
Captan
50 WP
Captan
WP

Candazim
WP

83

83

41/9

Fulcap
41/9 WP
CarbendazimAgrotechnica
50 WP
CarbendazimCequisa
50 WP

captan
41%
carbenda
zim 9%
captan
41%
carbenda
zim 9%
carbenda
zim 50%

carbenda
zim 50%

. &

"Agrotechnica"
. &
.
""

33

35
35

150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
250
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt
150
./100
lt

60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt

CarbendazimD.G.A. 50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

Delta Gamma
Agro

35

60-70
./100
lt

CarbendazimI
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

60-70
./100
lt

CarbendazimVeterin 50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

Carbendazim 50
WP

60-70
./100
lt

Veterin

carbenda
zim 50%

35

Carbendazim 50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

Carbeplus
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

Carbistin
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

Vector Agro

35

Derosal
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

Bayer

35

Derosal
51,1 SC

carbenda
zim
51,1%

Bayer

Fulcarben
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

Garua 50 SC

carbenda
zim 50%

Grenica

35

60-70
./100
lt

Image 50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

60-70
./100
lt

Kemdazim
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

60-70
./100
lt

Occidor
50 SC

carbenda
zim 50%

35

60-70
./100
lt

34

35

35

60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt
60-70
./100
lt

Occidor
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

Pacarzim
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

Agrology

35

Procarben
50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

35

50 WP

carbenda
zim 50%

. &
.

35

60-70
./100 lt

60 WP

carbenda
zim 60%

35

50-58
./100
lt

Agrital 72 SC

chlorothal
onil 72%

21

135-310
..
./100 lt

Balear 50 SC

chlorothal
onil 50%

21

Banko 50 SC

chlorothal
onil 50%

Grenica

21

Banko 75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

Grenica

21

Chlorothalonil D.G.A. 75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

Delta Gamma
Agro

21

Chlorothalonil
75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Chlorothalonil
75
WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

130-300
./100 lt

Chlorothalonil 75
WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

130-300
./100 lt

35

60-70
./100
lt

200-450
..
./100 lt

200-450
..
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

. &

"Agrotechnica"

21

135-310
..
./100 lt

Vector
Agro

21

130-300
./100 lt

Chlorothalonil
Agrotechnica
72 SC

chlorothal
onil 72%

ChlorothalonilVector 75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

Chlorothalonil 75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Chlorothalonil 75
WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Cloronil
75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Clortosip
50 SC

chlorothal
onil 50%

Sipcam

21

Clortosip
75 WG

chlorothal
onil 75%

Sipcam

Clortosip
75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

Sipcam

Daconil 50 SC

chlorothal
onil 50%

Syngenta
Hellas

21

Daconil 75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

Syngenta
Hellas

21

Fortanil 75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Fungistop
50 SC

chlorothal
onil 50%

21

Fungistop
75 WG

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Jupital 72 SC

chlorothal
onil 72%

Syngenta
Hellas

21

36

21
21

130-300
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

200-450
..
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

130-300
./100 lt

200-450
..
./100

130-300
./100

130-300
./100

200-450
..
./100

130-300
./100

130-300
./100

135-310
..
./100

Agrology

21

chlorothal
onil 75%

. &
.

21

Thalon 50 SC

chlorothal
onil 50%

21

75 WP

chlorothal
onil 75%

21

Switch
25/37,5 WG

cyprodinil
37,5%
fludioxonil
25%

Syngenta
Hellas

21

80-100
./100

Teldor 50 WG

fenhexami
d 50%

Bayer

7
./14.

100-150
./

Ohayo 50 SC

fluazinam
50%

21

FolpetMakhteshim 80
WG

folpet
80%

40

40

350
./

40

350
./

BASF
Agro

28

300 ..
./

Spotanil 72 SC

chlorothal
onil 72%

Teren 75 WP

Coure F
30/15 WG

30/15 WP
Rovral
25,5 FL

folpet
30%

(
)
15%
olpet 30%

(
)
15%
iprodione
25,5%

130-300
./100

200-450
..
./100

130-300
./100

100-150
..
./100

125-150
./100

Rovral 50 SC

iprodione
50%

BASF
Agro

28

150 ..
./

6,2/73,8 WP

maneb
73,8%
carbenda
zim 6,2%

35

250-300
./100

Sumilex
50 WG

procymido
ne 50%

21 ./
28 .

80-125
./100

37

Pyrimethanil 40
SC

pyrimetha
nil 40%

Scala 40 SC

pyrimetha
nil 40%

Cequiphanate
70 WP
Thiophanate
methyl-
70 WP
Thiophanic-M 70
WP

70 WG

thiophana
te methyl
70%
thiophana
te methyl
70%
thiophana
te methyl
70%
thiophana
te methyl
70%

35

BASF
Agro

35

. &
. ""

14

14

14

. &
.

14

150-200
..
./100

150-200
..
./100

100
./100

100
./100

100
./100

100
./100

200-400
./100

200-400
./100

200-400
./100

200-400
./100

200-400
./100

200-400
./100

LT-Extra
80 WP

thiram
80%

15

Thiram - Bayer
80 WG

thiram
80%

Bayer

15

Thiram
80 WP

thiram
80%

15

Thiram
80 WP

thiram
80%

15

Thiram
80 WP

thiram
80%

15

Thiraphox
80 WG

thiram
80%

Agrology

15

Thiraphox
80 WP

thiram
80%

Agrology

15

200-400
./100

Thirasan
80 WG

thiram
80%

Aventis
CropScience

15

200-400
./100

80 WG

thiram
80%

. &
.

15

tolylfluani
d 50%

Bayer
CropScience

21

Euparen
50 WG

Multi

38

200-400
./100

200
./100

Trichodex
WP

20

Ronilan 50 SC

Trichoder
ma
harzianu
m 20%

15

200-400
./100

vinclozolin
50%

BASF
Agro

21

100 ..
./100

39

8. :
1. , .. 2005, , , .470.
2. ,1998, ,
, . 316-317.
3. , .. 2000, . ,
, .90.
4. , .. 1997, ,
, . 387-392.
5. , . . 1994. , , . 27-36.
6. -, . 1998. ,
..., .307-309.
7. , , 1973, .
8.

www.hortnet.co.nz/publications/nzpps/dicarbox.htm

9.

www.chateau-defargues.com/botrytis.html

10.

www.labspec.co.za./Imould.html

11.

www.fh-eberswale.de/Waldschutz/Phytopathologia

12.

www.winepros.org/wine101/botrytis,html

13.

www.rebschutzdienst.at//botrytis.html

14.

www.enology/international.com/fungi/fungi.html

15.

www.wein-weingnt.com/edelfaeule.html

16.

www.sauternes-art.ch/sub7.htm

17.

www.uni-muenster.de//forschungTud.html

18.

www.wzw.tu-muenchen.de//pages/botrytis.htm

19.

www.profil.iva.de/html/bildbig.php?bildid

20.

www.stmlf-design2.bayern.de//pilbotr.html

21.

www.wine.cz/choroby/05at.html

22.

www.columbia/cascade/wines.com/education.html

23.

www.ext.vt.edu//03mayjune/03mayjune.html

24.

www.aligi.it/curiosit/c3%A.O.htm

25.

www.agritime.com/MalviteEu.asp.

26.

www.perso.club-internet.fr/danlia/page2.html.

27.

www.nal.es//myco-nal/galeria/image1.htm

28.

www.futura-sciences.com//d/dossier381-4.php.

29.

www.bachus.doye.free.fr/anne1/c15.htm

30.

www.inia.cl//pubycam/informativos/info.78.htm

40

31.

www.grapeandwine.com.au/june01/010605.htm

32.

www.bordeux.inra.fr//pages/6Biodiversite.htm

33.

www.profil.iva.de/html/text.php?id=51

34.

www.wineworld.rul//sweet-wine/article1667.html

35.

www.charriere-distribution.com//pourrig.htm

36.

www.dacom.nl/index-2004.php?nid=product&tid=d

37.

www.tis-gdr.de//svt97/scharnow/scharnow.htm

38.

www.chateau-guirand.fr/botrytis/botryt.html

39.

www.terralia.com/revista7/pagina16.htm

40.

www.home-t-alonline.de/home/pauly-bohn/bilder2.htm

41.

www.ducabruzzi.it/Patologia/Vitefu/botrite

42.

www.agrotypos.gr

43.

www.springerlink.com

44.

www.journalsonline.tandf.co.uk

45.

www.journal/of/Plant/Pathology.

46. www.pnas.org./cgi/content/full/93/25/14868

41