Savitribai Phule Pune University

Second Year of Computer Engineering

(2015 Course)
210250: Audit Course 1
AC1-IV: Smart Cities

SEMESTER -1
Course Incharge:
Course Facilitator:
Guided by:

Submitted by:
KHUSHBOO MISHRA
SE COMP (3216)

ABOUT THE COURSE

Course Objectives:

To identify urban problems

To study Effective and feasible ways to coordinate
urban technologies.
To study models and methods for effective
implementation of Smart Cities.
To study new technologies for Communication and
Dissemination.
To study new forms of Urban Governance and
Organization.

Course Outcomes:
On completion of the course, learner will be able to
Better understanding of the dynamic behavior of the
urban system by going beyond the physical appearance
and by focusing on representations, properties and impact
factors
Exploration of the city as the most complex humanmade organism with a metabolism that can be modeled in
terms of stocks and flows

Understanding
Smart Cities
Definition of Smart City
Smart cities use information and communication
technologies (ICT) to be more intelligent and efficient
in the use of resources, resulting in cost and energy
savings, improved service delivery and quality of life,
and reduced environmental footprint--all supporting
innovation and the low-carbon economy.

Origin of Smart city

The concept of smart cities originated at the time
when the entire world was facing one of the worst
economic crises. In 2008, IBM began work on a
'smarter cities' concept as part of its Smarter Planet
initiative. By the beginning of 2009, the concept had
captivated the imagination of various nations across
the globe.

Why Smart Cities are needed now?

The need to handle global environment and
urbanization problems

 The need to accommodate changing lifestyles

Draft benchmark for Smart Cities

Transportation time: Maximum travel time 30
minutes
Footpath: Continuous unobstructed footpath
Additional infrastructure: residences should have
retail outlets, parks, primary schools & recreational
areas .
Water Management :24x7 water 100% household
100% households should be connected to waste
water network
100% households are covered by daily door-step
solid waste collection system
No water logging incidents in a year
Electricity Supply
24 x 7 supply of electricity
100% metering of electricity supply
100% recovery of cost
100% of the city has wi-fi connectivity & 100 Mbps
internet speed
Medical Facility: 30 minutes emergency response
time for patients

CHALLENGES
1) Organizational challenge
2) Digital divide

Organizational challenges
Virtually no company sees itself as systems-integrator
of smart city technologies and services. Neither do city
administrations, nor municipal service providers. Thus
there is a vacuum when it comes to designing,
coordinating and leading integrated smart city projects.
Most of the problems in implementation will surface at
municipal level. Most Indian Urban Local Bodies (ULBs)
have three constraints lack of sufficient financial,
technical capacity and talented manpower. If they go
ahead with these limitations , there will be defective
implementation, delayed execution, deficiency in
services, compromised quality of services, defaults in
maintenance, wrong investment and expenditure,
faulty tariff levels, inadequate cost-recovery and
eventually a failure.

How to overcome organizational

challenges?

A regulatory body should be set up for all utility

services so that a level-playing field is made
available to the private sector and tariffs are set in a
manner that balances financial sustainability with
quality

DIGITAL DIVIDE
Smart cities have largely failed to acknowledge the
challenge presented by the digital divide; that is,
the social and economic inequalities which come
about as a result of who has access to
communication technology, and how they use it.
The digital divide is also a gendered divide, and
these divisions start within the home; they are the
products of unequal access to education, resources,
decision-making powers and technology between
sons and daughters in families living in developing
countries.

How to overcome Digital division?

If a city is to be smart, then achieving equality for
women in the domestic sphere is a good place to

start. This means providing women with the freedom

to make decisions, exercise reproductive control and
access education in the household, so that they can
participate equally in the workplace and public
realm. We need to move beyond smart cities which
are defined solely by economic or software
parameters. For the good of the next generation, let
us make the smart city movement truly revolutionary
and radical let us leave a lasting legacy on the
issues of rights, justice and citizenship.

PROBLEM STATEMENT:

BLIND MOBILITY

Blind person needs a stick to walk

He needs others help to walk in the road
Often blind person gets stumbled in the road not
knowing the object
Sometimes blind persons are lost
People ignore blind person as they have to depend
on other to go outside

Statistical Information about Blindness

According to World Health Organization blind population
0.4% in industrialized countries
1% in developing countries

 As per 2012 there were visually impaired people 285

million
Among them, 246 million had low vision
And 39 million were blind

SO THE NEED OF THE HOUR is a

SMART HEALTHCARE SYSTEM!!
PROPOSED IDEA OR SOLUTION:
Android Assistant EyeMate for Blind and
BlindTracker
Objectives:
Implementing Blind Navigation System through
Internet of Things (IoT)
Helping blind person to walk without a stick
Informing blind person about the location of the
obstacle
Telling blind person about the location of the obstacle
in human language

 Blind person can seek emergency help using the

EyemateForBlind app
Tracking the location of the blind person
Rescue blind person immediately from any
exceptional condition

SYSTEM OVERVIEW
Obstacle Detecting Spectacle
Detects the obstacle
Sends obstacle information to Android phone

EyemateForBlind Android Application

Alerts the blind person through voice commands

Obtains location from GPS

Sends location to server
Stores emergency phone number
Initiates emergency phone call

BlindTracker Android Application

 Retrieves location from server

Points the current location of blind person in Google
Map

Functional Block Diagram

System Components
Android phone
Maxbotix EZ0 range finders
Arduino Mega 2560 development board
HC-05 Bluetooth module

Development Platforms
Android operating system
Apache server

 Php
MySQL
Java Script Object Notation (JSON)
Arduino development board

Developing Tools
Android Developer Tools v23.0.2.1259578
Arduino-1.0.5-r2-windows (IDE)
xampp-win32-1.7.4-VC6
jdk-7u17-windows-i586

Obstacle Detection
Rangefinders detect the several distances of the objects
Rangefinder in hand detects the object in ground and
head band detects the object in front
Arduino Mega filters the distances to get the exact
distance
Exact result is sent to Android phone using the HC-05
Bluetooth module

EyemateForBlind
EyemateForBlind app is always ready to receive any
signal from hardware module
If any obstacle is detected then Android phone
speaks the location of the obstacle in human speech
Ground obstacle is detected in 60 cm distance
In front obstacle is detected in 100 cm range

Proposed Solution to Navigate and Track

Blind Person

Get Location from GPS and Storing in

Server(Cloud server)

Sending Current Location to Server

Current latitude and longitude are taken dynamically
from GPS provider and Network Provider
After 5 minutes location is updated
As soon as the location is updated then it is sent to
the server

Emergency Phone Number

We can save an emergency number in app so that the
blind person can immediately want help by calling that
number.

Voice Command by Pressing Headset

Button

 Blind person needs not touch the phone to operate

the app. Just pressing the head set button it can be
done

Emergency Phone Calling

Blind person can make emergency phone by voice
command in any exceptional condition

BlindTracker App
After getting the call from the blind person we will go
to help the blind person at first getting the position of
the blind person by using our Blind Tracker app.

Getting Current location from server

We can get the current location of the blind person
from our server.

Pointing the location in Google Map

Now we can find the current location of the blind
person in the Google map very easily.

Final outcomes.
Blind person can walk being aware about the
obstacle and doesnt get hurt.
Blind person wont need others help to go outside
Blind person can seek emergency help without
touching his / her phone.

 No blind person will be lost since we can track them .

In any odd situation we can reach to him/her very
easily and early

REFERENCES
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_city
https://www.google.co.in/search?sourceid=chromepsyapi2&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8&q=smart
%20cities&oq=smart
%20cities&aqs=chrome..69i57j0l5.6238j0j7
https://www.thingworx.com/ecosystem/markets/smar
t-connected-systems/smart-cities/
http://www.smartcitiesindia.com/