HKPhO2014

MultipleChoices:
1.
Answer:AorD.
Thephoneismovingatconstantvelocity.Theonlyforceactingonthephoneistheearthgravity.
Remark: The answer is D. However, since the question asks for "instantaneous scalar readings", it is not
unreasonabletoalsoconsiderAasavalidanswer.

2.
Answer:D.
Stage1:h1=(1/2)(2.5g)(5)2=(31.25g)m
Stage2:v=(2.5g)(5)=12.5gms1;h2=(12.5g)2/2g=(78.125g)m
MaximumHeight=(31.25+78.125)g=(109.375g)m

3.
Answer:C.
2
a=v /rWest=52/5West=5ms2West

4.
Answer:B.
F=(0.01x200x600)/60=20N.

5.
AnswerD.
ApplyNewton'slawofuniversalgravitationattheEarthsnearsideanditsfarside.

6.
AnswerB.
BottomWire: T2

m v2
g cot 28.43 N
2 cos r

BottomWire: T1 T2

mg
38.23 N
sin

7.
AnswerE.
WorkDone=Areaunderthefollowingcurve.
60
50

F(x)

40
30
20
10
0
0

10

8.

AnswerE.

Apply T 2

m
toperformcalculation.
k

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9.
AnswerD.
Twonormalmodes.
FirstMode: f1

SecondMode:Considerthecenterofmassofthe2massesbeingunchanged,theeffectivespringconstant
is K1

2m
K 2K
m

g K1

l m

10.

AnswerA.

GMm
m2 r
r2

11.

liquid
water

g 2K

l
m

AnswerC.

Fliquid
Fliquid

12.
AnswerD.

EnergyConservation:

1
(m M )v 2 (m M ) gh

2
-1
v 0.313 ms

MomentumConservation:

mvb (m M )v
vb 62.9 ms -1

InitialKineticEnergy:

KE

1
2
mvb 19.8 J
2

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13.

AnswerBorC.
x v0 t cos

y v0 t sin

1 2
gt
2

Whentheballhitstheinclinedplaneagain,
y x tan
Eliminatingx,

v0t sin v0t sin

t

1 2
gt
2

4vo sin

x vo cos t

4vo sin cos

g
2

4v sin
x
o

cos
g
2

Remark:StudentsreadingtheEnglishversionmaychooseanswerB.StudentsreadingtheChineseversion
maychooseanswerC.Duetothisdiscrepancy,bothanswersareaccepted.

14.
AnswerA.

15.
AnswerE.

Considerthesystemwith3spheres:
a.sphereofdensityandradiusRwithy1=0(centerofmass).
b.sphereofdensityandradiusR/2withy2=R/2.
c.sphereofdensity5andradiusR/2withy3=R/2.
(b)and(c)areequivalenttoasphereofdensity4andradiusR/2withy4=R/2.

Centerofmassofthenewsphere:

m y
m
i

43 R 3 (0) 4 43 R 2 R 2

43 R 4 43 R 2
3

16.

Answer: C.
Potential Energy:

HKPhO2014

E gA z dz

1
gAh 2
2

E 1
gh 2
A 2
5007.8h 2
1.39h 2
17.

T 2

18.

[J]
[Wh]

AnswerD.

l
g

TM

gE
TE 6 TE
gM

AnswerB.

Using the equation

GM Earth m mv 2

and period of the Earth T = 86400 s to calculate the height of a

R2
R

geostationarysatellite.

19.
AnswerA.
Forlargeangleoscillation,theequationofmotionbecomesnonlinear,andtheapproximation sin is
nownolongerhold.Therestoringforceisproportionalto sin ,ratherthan;thereforeitsmagnitudeis
lessthaninthecaseofSHM.Aweakerrestoringforcealsoresultsinsloweroscillation,thatis,theperiod
becomeslonger.

20.
AnswerC.
Itisaplotof g GM R 2 ,thatis,gagainst(M/R2).

HKPhO2014
OpenendedQuestions
1.

VenusTransit

(a)

KeplerLaw:

a Earth 365

a
Venus 225
a Earth
1.3806
aVenus

(b)

1
AB AV
AV

2.6273
AB
AV AA AV a Earth aVenus 1

AB 2.6273 1800 km

4729 km

(c)

DiameteroftheSun=4729kmx290=1.37x106km

(d)

LetvE=velocityofEarthrelativetoSun

P2
Constant,P=OrbitPeriod,a=OrbitRadius
a3

Since planetary velocity is given by v

vE

GM Sun
, velocity of Venus relative to Sun =
r

aE
1.1750v E .
aV

aE
0.1750v E ,andvelocityofSun=vE.
1

AsobservedfromEarth,velocityofVenus= v E

Projected on to the surface of Sun, velocity of the shadow of Venus =

a
a
v E E 1 E 0.2416v E .
aV
aV
HencethevelocityoftheshadowofVenussweepingonthesurfaceofSun=

a
vE E 1 E 1 1.2416vE

aV
aV
vE
vE

2rE
(2 )(1.5 1011 )

29886 m/s or
(365)(24)(60)(60)
TE
GM Sun

rE

Timedifference=

(6.67 10 11 )(1.99 10 30 )
29747 m/s
1.5 1011
4729
4729
127 s 2.12 min or
128 s 2.13 min
(1.2416)(29886)
(1.2416)(29747)

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2.

TerminalVelocityofFreeFallingObject

(a)

dv
Fg Fd mg v

dt
Drag Force
Gravity

Atlowvelocitylimits, Fd 0 .

Athighvelocitylimits, m

dv
Fg
dt

v L gt

dv
0 .
dt

Fg Fd mg v

vH

mg

(b)

1
mg C d Av 2
2
v

2mg

C d A

2 2 10 3 9.8
2
0.5 0.02 1.2

7.2 ms -1
(c)

v 7.2

0.7 s
g 9.8

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3.

TotalEnergyinaSurfaceWave
z

z
/2
x

/2

(a)

GaininpotentialenergyVfromztozofanelementalmassm=xz:

V m g 2 z 2gz x z
TotalPotentialEnergy:

V 2g

x 2

2g

x 2

x 0

x 2

x 0

z A sin 2 x

z 0

x 0

z dz dx

z2
dx

2 z A sin 2 x

A 2 sin 2 2x dx

x sin 4x
2x
,
dx
2
8

Giventhat sin 2

/2

x
V gA 2
20
1
gA 2
4

TotalPEperwavelength:

V 1
gA2
4
(b)

Assumeequipartitionofenergy(PE=KE),thetotalenergyoverawholewavelength

1
E gA 2
2

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(c)

PowerofaWavePeriod:

1
Pw gA 2 v g
2

1

gA 2

2
2T
g 2TA 2

8
g 2TH 2

32

Vg

2T

=Wavelength
T=Period

gT 2
2

Waveamplitudeishalfofthewaveheight

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4.

ASlidingBlockupaSlopePlatform

(a)

Momentum:

mvo cos m M vTotal

vTotal

mvo cos

mM

RaiseinCenterofMass,h:

h2
h2

h1

2L
sin 45
2
h1

2L
sin 45
2

h h h2 h1

2L
2L
sin 45
sin 45
2
2
Applyingthetrigonometricidentity: sin x y sin x cos y cos x sin y ,

h h L sin
Energy:

1
1
2
2
mvo m M vTotal mgh
2
2
2

1
1
mv cos
2
mvo m M o
mgh
2
2
mM

m 2 cos 2 2
m
vo 2mgh
m M

2 ghm M
2
vo
m M m cos 2
2 gh

1 m cos 2 m M

2 gh
vo

2
1 m cos m M

12

2 g h L sin

2
1 m cos m M

12

(b)

1
mv cos
KE m M o

2
mM
1 mvo cos

2 mM

HKPhO2014
5.

Thecenterofmassisraisedby:

hb

L L cos
2

Thecenterofmassisraisedby:

ha L L cos

PotentialEnergy,

KineticEnergy,

L L cos

PE mg
L L cos
2

mg L L cos

2
3
mgL1 cos
2

3
x2 3
x 2 3mg 2
mgL 1 1 2 mgL 1 1 2
x
2
L 2

2 L 4 L

KE

17 2
mv
24

PE+KE=Constant

3mg 2 17 2
x mv Constant
4L
24

(b)

Thetotalenergyisequivalenttothatofamassspringsystemwithaneffectivemassof

3mg
17
m andaneffectivespringconstantof k eff
.
4L
12

meff
Hence

k eff
18 g
3mg 12

meff
17 L
2 L 17 m
2

17 L

18 g

10

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(c)
Assume that the initial velocity is 0. When the initial displacement is x0, the simple harmonic
motionisgivenby

x x0 cos(t )
Whenx=x0/2forthefirsttime,

x0

17 L
1
T
x0 cos(t ) cos(t ) t t

or t
2
2
3
3 3 18 g
6

11