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Subject:
Date:
Anatomy in Motion
Title:
Lecturer:
Ma. Cristina S. Elma-Zulueta, M.D., M.S.P.H.
Sem/ A.Y.:
Transcribers: Alcantara, P., Alcoreza, Alejandro, Alipao, Allanigue, Almonte
Trans Subject Head: Chong, C. (09157473138/ uerm2018a.anatomy@gmail.com)
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OUTLINE
Approaches to studying anatomy
Anatomedical terminology
a. Anatomical position
b. Anatomical planes
c. Terms of relationship and comparison
d. Terms of laterality
e. Terms of movement
Integumentary System
Fascias, fascial compartments, bursae, and potential spaces
Skeletal System
a. Bone markings and formation
b. Bone development
c. Vasculature and innervation of bones
Joints
a. Joint vascular innervation
Muscle tissue and the muscular system
a. Skeletal muscles
b. Functions of muscles
Figure 1: Anatomical Position
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II. OBJECTIVES
Enumerate and describe the functional parts of the skeletal
system.
Classify bones and give examples.
Enumerate bony markings and give examples.
Describe the anatomical position.
Define anatomical planes and terms of relationship, laterality
and movement.
Classify joints and give examples of each.
Classify synovial joints and give examples of each.
Enumerate and describe the type of muscles.
Classify muscle based on the shape and give examples.
Describe the coordinated action of muscle group.
ANATOMICAL PLANES:
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o
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Anatomedical Terminology
ANATOMICAL POSITION:
o Body positioning: upright
o Head, eyes and toes directed anteriorly.
o Arms to the side, palms facing anteriorly.
o Lower limbs close together; feet parallel with toes
facing anteriorly.
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ANATOMICAL PLANES:
o LONGITUDINAL: lengthwise and parallel to long axis
o TRANSVERSE: cross section (right angle to the
longitudinal)
o OBLIQUE: slanted
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TERMS OF LATERALITY:
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BILATERAL: pair (kidney)
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UNILATERAL: one side of the body (spleen)
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IPSILATERAL: occur on the same side as the other (toe
and thumb)
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CONTRALATERAL: occur on opposite sides of the body
(right and left hand)
TERMS OF MOVEMENT:
o
FLEXION: bending or decreasing the angle between
bones
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SKELETAL SYSTEM
2 FUNCTIONAL PARTS:
o
AXIAL SKELETON: head (skull), neck (hyoid bone and
cervical vertebrae), trunk (ribs, sternum, vertebrae and
sacrum).
o
APPENDICULAR SKELETON: limb, shoulder (pectoral)
and pelvic.
No blood vessels
CLASSIFICATION OF BONES:
LONG BONES: rigidity and attachments of muscles and
ligaments.
o Tubular (arm ligaments)
SHORT BONES: cuboidal (ankle=tarsus; wrist=carpus).
FLAT BONES: protection (cranium, scapula, sternum and
ribs).
IRREGULAR BONES: various shapes (face).
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o
o
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in the thigh).
BONE MARKINGS AND FORMATION:
- Where the tendons, arteries, ligaments and fascia are attached.
CAPITULUM: small and round headed.
CONDYLE: rounded and knuckle like (by pairs).
CREST: ridge of bone.
EPICONDYLE: eminence superior to condyle.
FACET: smooth flat area, covered with cartilage, where bone
articulates another.
FORAMEN: passage through bone.
FOSSA: hollow depressed area.
GROOVE: elongated depression/furrow.
HEAD: large, round articular end
LINE: linear elevation.
MALLEOLUS: rounded process
NOTCH: indentation at bone edge
PRETUBERANCE: projection of bone
SPINE: thorn like process
SPINOUS PROCESS: spine like part
TROCHANTER: blunt elevation
TROCHLEA: spool like; acts as pulley
TUBERCLE: small raised eminence
TUBEROSITY: large rounded elevation
ALVEOLUS: Socket of teeth.
SULCI: shallow depression.
MEATUS: canal like passageway.
JOINTS
Junction between 2 or more bones.
STRUCTURAL CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS:
1. SYNOVIAL JOINT: united by a joint capsule enclosing the
articular cavity (potential space that contains lubrication
secreted by the synovial membrane).
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Most common type of joint.
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Provide free movement between joined bones.
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Joints of locomotion.
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Typically in limb joints.
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ACCESSORY LIGAMENTS: reinforce synovial
joints.
EXTRINSIC: separate
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Sagittal movement.
Circumduction is possible but limited.
i.e. Metacarpophalangeal joint (knuckle
joint)
BALL AND SOCKET JOINTS: flexion, extension,
abduction and adduction, medial and lateral
rotation and circumduction
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Multi axial
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i.e. hip joint, shoulder joint (glenohumeral
joint)
PIVOT JOINTS: rotation around central axis.
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Uniaxial.
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Rotate within a ring.
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i.e. atlantoaxial joint (atlas and axis of the
neck)
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SYNCHRONDROSES
By hyaline cartilage
Temporary.
SYMPHYSES
By fibrocartilage
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MUSCULAR SYSTEM
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III.
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HEAT PRODUCTION
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GUIDE QUESTIONS
CONTRACTIONS:
PHASIC CONTRACTION:
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ISOTONIC CONTRACTION: changes length in
relationship to production of movement
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CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION: movement occurs
as a result of muscle shortening
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ECCENTRIC CONTRACTION: contracting muscle
lengthens as It undergoes a controlled and gradual
relaxation while continuing to exert force
STABILITY
COMMUNICATION
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8.
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F. Dorsiflexion
G. Plantar Flexion
H. Flexion
I. Extension
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IV. REFERENCES
Zulueta, C. (Lecturer). (2014). Anatomy in Motion. University of the East
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center.
2017A Trans. (2013). University of the East Ramon Magsaysay
Memorial Medical Center.
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