1.

McGurk Effect
The McGurk
effect is
a
perceptual
phenomenon
that
demonstrates
an
interaction between hearing and vision in
speech perception. The illusion occurs when
the auditory component of one sound is
paired with the visual component of another
sound, leading to the perception of a third
sound.
2. Speech
Speech is
the
vocalized
form
of
communication based upon the syntactic
combination of lexicals and names that are
drawn from very large (usually about 1,000
different words) vocabularies. Each spoken
word is created out of the phonetic
combination of a limited set of vowel and
consonant speech sound units.
3. Mental Picture/Image
A mental image or mental picture is the
representation in a person's mind of the
physical world outside of that person.[1] It is
an experience that, on most occasions,
significantly resembles the experience of
perceiving some object, event, or scene, but
occurs when the relevant object, event, or
scene is not actually present to the senses. [2]
[3][4][5]
There
are
sometimes
episodes,
particularly on falling asleep (hypnagogic
imagery) and waking up (hypnopompic),
when the mental imagery, being of a rapid,
phantasmagoric and involuntary character,
defies perception, presenting a kaleidoscopic
field, in which no distinct object can be
discerned.
4. Sound
Sound is the vibration of matter, as
perceived by the sense of hearing. We
usually hear vibrations that travel through
air, but sound can also travel through gases,
liquids and solids. It cannot travel through a
vacuum (such as exists in outer space).
When the vibrations reach our ears, they are
converted into nerve impulses that are sent
to our brains, allowing us to perceive the
sound.
5. Language
Language is the ability to acquire and use
complex
systems
of
communication,

particularly the human ability to do so, and

alanguage is any specific example of such a
system. The scientific study of language is
called linguistics.
6. Echolocation
Echolocation is the use of "sound" as a form
of navigation
7. Past Experience
The act of living through an event or events;
personal involvement in or observation of
events as they occur. Anything observed or
lived
through: an experience he'll
never
forget
a.

all that has happened in one's

life to date: not within his experience
b.
everything done or undergone
by a group, people in general, etc.
the effect on a person of anything or
everything that has happened to that
person; individual reaction to events,
feelings, etc
8. Human Echolocation
Human echolocation is the ability of humans
to detect objects in their environment by
sensing echoes from those objects, by
actively creating sounds for example, by
tapping their canes, lightly stomping their
foot, snapping their fingers, or making
clicking noises with their mouths people
trained to orient by echolocation can
interpret the sound waves reflected by
nearby objects, accurately identifying their
location and size. This ability is used by
some blind people for acoustic wayfinding, or
navigating within their environment using
auditory rather than visual cues. It is similar
in principle to active sonar and to animal
echolocation, which is employed by bats,
dolphins and toothed whales to find prey
9. Perspective
Your perspective is
the
way
you
see
something. If you think that toys corrupt
children's
minds,
then
from
your perspective a toy shop is an evil place.
10.Shadow
A shadow is a space where light from a light
source is blocked by an opaque object. It

occupies all of the three-dimensional volume

behind an object with light in front of it.
The cross section of a shadow is a twodimensional silhouette,
or
reverse projection of the object blocking the
light.
11.Color
Color
is
the visual
perceptual property corresponding
in humans to
the
categories
called red, blue, yellow, etc. Color derives
from the spectrum of light (distribution
of light power versus wavelength) interacting
in the eye with the spectral sensitivities of
the light receptors. Color categories and
physical specifications of color are also
associated with objects or materials based
on their physical properties such as light
absorption, reflection, or emission spectra.
By defining a color space colors can be
identified numerically by their coordinates.
Because perception of color stems from the
varying spectral sensitivity of different types
of cone cells in the retina to different parts of
the spectrum, colors may be defined and
quantified by the degree to which they
stimulate these cells. These physical
or physiological quantifications
of
color,
however,
do
not
fully
explain
the psychophysical perception
of
color
appearance.
12.Illusion
An illusion is a distortion of the senses,
revealing how the brain normally organizes
and interprets sensory stimulation. Though
illusions distort reality, they are generally
shared by most people.[1] Illusions may occur
with any of the human senses, but visual
illusions (optical illusions), are the most wellknown and understood. The emphasis on
visual illusions occurs because vision often
dominates the other senses. For example,
individuals
watching
a ventriloquist will
perceive the voice is coming from the
dummy since they are able to see the
dummy mouth the words.[2] Some illusions
are based on general assumptions the brain
makes during perception. These assumptions
are made using organizational principles
(e.g., Gestalt theory), an individual's capacity

for depth perception and motion perception,

and perceptual constancy. Other illusions
occur
because
of
biological
sensory
structures
within
the human
body or
conditions outside of the body within ones
physical environment.
13.Perception cue
Depth perception is the visual ability to
perceive the world in three dimensions (3D)
and the distance of an object.Depth
sensation is the corresponding term for
animals, since although it is known that
animals can sense the distance of an object
(because of their ability to move accurately,
or to respond consistently, according to that
distance), it is not known whether they
"perceive" it in the same subjective way that
humans do.[1]
Depth perception arises from a variety of
depth cues. These are typically classified
into binocular cues that are based on the
receipt of sensory information in three
dimensions
from
both
eyes
and monocular cues that can be represented
in just two dimensions and observed with
just
one
eye.
Binocular
cues
include stereopsis,
eye
convergence,disparity, and yielding depth
from binocular vision through exploitation
of parallax. Monocular cues include size:
distant
objects
subtend
smaller visual
angles than near objects, grain, size, and
motion parallax.[4]
Binocular cues provide depth information
when viewing a scene with both eyes.
Monocular cues provide depth information
when viewing a scene with one eye.
14.Mirror Neuron
Mirror neuron is a neuron that fires both
when an animal acts and when the animal
observes the same action performed by
another. Thus, the neuron "mirrors" the
behavior of the other, as though the
observer
were
itself
acting.
Such neurons have been directly observed in
primate species.