TEACHING PLAN FOR COMMUNITY ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA

DESCRIPTION OF THE LEARNER: The learner is a patient from SLU-HSH, a 58-year old female, a housekeeper who lives in Beleng, Tuding, Itogon, Benguet. The client has
been diagnosed of Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP-MR). The patient stated that 4 days prior to admission patient had productive cough, with difficulty of expectorating
yellowish sputum, non-bloody, and no foul smell noted. There was associated chest discomfort, but no associated headache, nausea vomiting, and diarrhea. The condition persisted
with difficulty of breathing prompting the patient to seek medical consultation, hence, the current admission in the institution. The client claimed that she finished Elementary and
that they use Tagalog, Ilocano and Pangasinan when speaking at home. The client however prefer Tagalog in conversations. The client is willing to learn on how to manage CAPMR and his other present condition; however, she claims that she lacks knowledge and information concerning this disease.
LEARNING NEED: Knowledge about community acquired pneumonia, risk factors, complication, signs and symptoms, importance of treatments, ways that the patient can do in
preventing pneumonia and nutritious foods for strong immunity.
LEARNING DIAGNOSIS: Deficient knowledge: Proper management of Community Acquired Pneumonia related to lack of information as manifested by the patients claim that
she lacks knowledge.
GOAL: The patient will be able to acquire knowledge, skills, and attitude regarding pneumonia management
OBJECTIVE: After 15-20 minutes of nurse-client interaction, client and her significant others will be able to have a broader understanding of Community Acquired Pneumonia,
its classifications, Manifestations, risk factors, Medical management and complications.

Behavioral
Learning
Objective

Learning
Content

Teaching
Strategy

Time Allotment
and Resources
Needed

Method of Evaluation

After 15-17 minutes of

discussion and
explanation, the client
will be able to:
1. Define Community
Acquired
Pneumonia

Definition of
Community
Acquired
Pneumonia

One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet

Time: 2-3 minutes

Instant oral feedback: define pneumonia

in the patients own words in 1-2
sentences.

Resources: Pamphlet
Manifestations of
CAP
2. Characterize and
describe the signs
and symptoms of
CAP/Pneumonia

3. Cite causes and risk

factors of having
Community
acquired pneumonia

4. State the
importance of
therapeutic regimen

5. State the
importance of
promoting fluid
intake

6. State the
importance of
maintaining

One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet
Risk factors
of Community
acquired
pneumonia

Importance of
therapeutic regimen
for
CAP/Pneumonia

Importance of
promoting fluid
intake

One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet

One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet

One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet

Time: 1-2 minutes

Resources: Pamphlet

Time: 2-4 minutes

Resources: Pamphlet

Time: 3-4 minutes

Instant oral feedback: atleast 3-5

manifestations of CAP

Cite atleast 1 cause and 3 risk factors

of having Community acquired
pneumonia

Resources: Pamphlet

Instant oral feedback: atleast 2-3

importance of therapeutic regimen for
CAP/pneumonia

Time: 1-2 minutes

Instant oral feedback: atleast 2-3

importance of promoting fluid intake

Resources: Pamphlet

Importance of
maintaining
nutrition
One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet

Time: 1-2 minutes

Instant oral feedback: atleast 2-3

importance of maintaining nutrition

nutrition

Resources: Pamphlet

7. Prevention of
Pneumonia

Ways on how to
prevent recurrence
of pneumonia

One-on-one discussion
through the use of
pamphlet

Time: 1-2 minutes

Resources: Pamphlet

Instant oral feedback: atleast 2-3 ways

on how to prevent pneumonia

LEARNING CONTENT:
1. Definition of Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of the lung parenchyma. Community-acquired pneumonia refers to pneumonia acquired outside of hospitals or extended-care
facilities.
Pneumonia is an infection in your lungs that makes it hard for you to breathe. It can be caused by a virus, bacteria, or fungus. You may have a fever, chills, or
cough; breathe rapidly; or feel short of breath. You may also cough up mucus, feel sick to your stomach, or vomit. If you have these symptoms, call your
healthcare provider right away.
Pneumonia is a breathing (respiratory) condition in which there is an infection of the lung. This article covers community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). This
type of pneumonia is found in persons who have not recently been in the hospital or another health care facility such as a nursing home or rehab facility.
Pneumonia that affects persons in health care facilities, such as hospitals is called hospital-acquired pneumonia.
2. Signs and Symptoms of Pneumonia

The most common symptoms of pneumonia are:

Cough (with some pneumonias you may cough up greenish or yellow mucus, or even bloody mucus)
Fever, which may be mild or high
Shaking chills
Shortness of breath (may only occur when you climb stairs or exert yourself)
Other symptoms include:
Confusion, especially in older people
Excess sweating and clammy skin
Headache
Loss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue

 Malaise (not feeling well)

Sharp or stabbing chest pain that gets worse when you breathe deeply or cough
White nail syndrome, or leukonychia

3. Causes of Pneumonia
Bacteria and viruses living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs.
You may breathe some of these germs directly into your lungs.
You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit, or fluids from the mouth into your lungs (aspiration pneumonia)
Pneumonia can be caused by many types of germs.
The most common type of bacteria is Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus).
Atypical pneumonia, often called walking pneumonia, is caused by other bacteria.
A fungus called Pneumocystis jiroveci can cause pneumonia in people whose immune system is not working well, especially people with advanced HIV
infection.
Viruses, such as the flu virus, are also a common cause of pneumonia.
Risk factors that increase your chance of getting pneumonia include:

Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis)

Cigarette smoking
Dementia, stroke, brain injury, cerebral palsy, or other brain disorders
Immune system problem (during cancer treatment, or due to HIV/AIDS, organ transplant, or other diseases)
Other serious illnesses, such as heart disease, livercirrhosis, or diabetes mellitus
Recent surgery or trauma
Surgery to treat cancer of the mouth, throat, or neck

4. Therapeutic Regimen for Pneumonia

Treatment for pneumonia involves curing the infection and preventing complications. People who have community-acquired pneumonia usually can be treated at
home with medication. Although most symptoms ease in a few days or weeks, the feeling of tiredness can persist for a month or more.

Specific treatments depend on the type and severity of your pneumonia, your age and your overall health. The options include:
Antibiotics. These medicines are used to treat bacterial pneumonia. It may take time to identify the type of bacteria causing your pneumonia and to choose
the best antibiotic to treat it. If your symptoms don't improve, your doctor may recommend a different antibiotic.
Cough medicine. This medicine may be used to calm your cough so that you can rest. Because coughing helps loosen and move fluid from your lungs, it's a
good idea not to eliminate your cough completely. In addition, you should know that very few studies have looked at whether over-the-counter cough
medicines lessen coughing caused by pneumonia. If you want to try a cough suppressant, use the lowest dose that helps you rest.
Fever reducers/pain relievers. You may take these as needed for fever and discomfort. These include drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB,
others) and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others).

Get plenty of rest. Getting enough sleep will give your body the strength it needs to fight the illness.
Take deep breaths and cough several times each hour to loosen up mucus and get it out of your lungs.
Wash your hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub after blowing your nose or using the bathroom, and before eating.
Cough or sneeze into a tissue or into your elbow or sleeve.
If you smoke, stop. Ask your healthcare provider about support groups, medicines, and other ways to help you quit smoking.
Drink several glasses of water a day. Fluids help thin and loosen up the mucus in your lungs and throat.
Eat a balanced diet so your body can work its best and heal quickly.

5. Fluid Intake
The respiratory rate of a patient with pneumonia increases because of the increased workload imposed by labored breathing and fever. An increased
respiratory rate leads to an increase in insensible fluid loss during exhalation and can lead to dehydration. Therefore, itis important to encourage increased
fluid intake (at least 2 L/day),unless contraindicated
6. Diet for patients with Pneumonia
As pneumonia is an inflammatory disease causing tissue damage, protein is required by the body for tissue repair. Proteins also provide energy. A
considerable amount of the protein should be consumed at the beginning of a meal, as later on, one may feel the urge to stomach the protein-rich food owing
to partial satiety.
E.g. Eggs, chicken, fish, soy products, dairy products, edible nuts and seeds are all protein-rich foods and they should be included in ones daily diet\

 Your diet for pneumonia should consist of moderate amounts of fat to provide calories to your body. Eat foods rich in healthy fats such as monounsaturated
fats and polyunsaturated fats. Olive oil, fatty fish, avocados, soy milk, nuts, olives, peanut butter, sunflower seeds and tofu are all foods that are rich in
healthy fats.
E.g. avoid foods that contain high amounts of unhealthy fats such as saturated and trans-fats. Chicken with skin, butter, cheese, ice cream, coconut oil,
margarine, pastries, and cookies are high in unhealthy fats and should be avoided.
Vegetables and fruits have vitamins, minerals, phyotchemicals and antioxidants that strengthen the immune system. Although these do not add calories to the
diet, they should be included in order to improve the levels of immunity in the body to fight against the bacteria, virus and fungi causing pneumonia and
other infections in the bodies of the weak and the debilitated.
7. Prevention of Pneumonia

Get a flu vaccine. A flu virus is a common cause of pneumonia, so a yearly flu vaccine may help you stay well.
Don't smoke and avoid other people's smoke. Smoke bothers your lungs and makes it harder for them to fight off infections.
Keep asthma under control. If you have asthma, follow your treatment plan. You may need extra medicine to open up your airways.
Get a pneumonia vaccine. Your healthcare provider may suggest this vaccine if you're 65 or older, have a chronic disease (such as lung, heart, or kidney
disease; sickle-cell anemia; or diabetes), or are getting over a severe illness. You shouldn't get the vaccine if you're sick or pregnant.
Stay active. Even a little exercise may help your lungs fight off infections in the future.

REFERENCE:

Pneumonia - adults (community acquired): MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 06, 2016, from https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000145.htm
PATIENT EDUCATION: Pneumonia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 06, 2016, from http://www.nursingcenter.com/journalarticle?Article_ID=1068960
By Mayo Clinic Staff Print. (2016). Pneumonia. Retrieved October 06, 2016, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pneumonia/diagnosistreatment/treatment/txc-20204734
Diet For Pneumonia. (n.d.). Retrieved October 06, 2016, from http://www.findhomeremedy.com/diet-for-pneumonia